Regulatory Level Research Articles

ASF1B: A Possible Prognostic Marker, Therapeutic Target, and Predictor of Immunotherapy in Male Thyroid Carcinoma.

BackgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignant endocrine tumor worldwide. Several studies have documented that male patients with TC have a higher rate of metastasis and disease recurrence than female patients. However, the mechanism underlying this observation is not completely clear. The goal of our research was to investigate the potential key candidate genes and pathways related to TC progression in male patients at the molecular level.MethodsA total of 320 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Hub genes were screened out using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Survival analysis was used to identify hub genes associated with disease-free survival (DFS) rates. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression (ESTIMATE) data were used to assess the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration. The molecular mechanism and biological functions of hub genes were explored using RT-qPCR, Western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 Assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and scratch assays.ResultsForty-seven hub genes were identified, and the survival analysis demonstrated that anti-silencing function 1B (ASF1B) was the sole independent risk factor for poor DFS in male TC patients. Possible associations between the results from the ESTIMATE analysis showed that the ASF1B expression level was related to the ESTIMATE score, immune score, and T-cell regulatory (Treg) infiltration level. Through in vitro cell function experiments, we verified that knockdown of ASF1B inhibited KTC-1 cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle. The silencing of ASF1B reduced protein kinase B (AKT), phospho-AKT (p-AKT), and forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) in KTC-1 cells. Moreover, FOXP3 overexpression markedly restored the cell migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities repressed by ASF1B knockdown.ConclusionsOur results indicate that ASF1B can be considered a prognostic marker, therapeutic target, and predictor of immunotherapy response in male thyroid cancer patients. However, further in-depth studies are required to validate this finding.

Airport pricing and regulation under passenger demand uncertainty

This paper addresses the airport pricing and regulation issues in the presence of passenger demand uncertainty. The regulatory schemes concerned include the single-till and dual-till price-cap regulations. A vertical-structure model is presented to determine the optimal airport charges under the single-till and dual-till price-cap regulations. The effects of the airport regulatory level and the risk-averse preferences of stakeholders in the system on airport pricing are also examined. The results show that at a high passenger demand uncertainty level, the dual-till regulation would outperform the single-till regulation in terms of social welfare. However, at a low passenger demand uncertainty level, which regulation is better depends on various factors, such as the regulatory level and risk-averse preference.

Interpretation of euthanasia in conditions of conflict of bioethical principles

The purpose of the research article is a theoretical and legal analysis of the issue of interpretation of euthanasia in a conflict of bioethical principles, considering philosophical, medical, biological, and legal positions. The novelty of the article is a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of euthanasia in the face of differences in bioethical principles to find optimal ways to interpret the law and apply forms of control of processes related to euthanasia. The author examines the existence of ethical grounds for the legalisation of euthanasia and interprets this phenomenon from the standpoint of the universal and objective value of human life. The ambiguity of the concept of euthanasia naturally contains a set of interrelated bioethical, medical, legal, religious aspects that cannot be considered separately. Each of them is filled with polar thoughts. Moral differences between “death with mercy” and “permission to die” are based on the principles of respect for freedom and non-harm. At the regulatory level, there are differences between the categories of “murder” and “permission to die”. From a bioethical point of view, euthanasia is focused on the principle of “do not kill”, which conflicts with the principles of charity, non-harm, respect for human freedom. The conflict of bioethical principles can be resolved by distinguishing between categories such as “murder” and “permission to die”; “refusal of maintenance treatment” and “discontinuation of maintenance treatment”; “direct and indirect termination of life”; “the patient’s right to euthanasia” and “the right to refuse treatment and other medical intervention”, etc. In Ukraine, euthanasia is prohibited by law. To legalise euthanasia in Ukraine, it is necessary to make appropriate amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine and create an appropriate regulatory framework. A recommendation is made on the expediency of forming substantive and procedural criteria at the UN and WHO levels for permitting euthanasia

In Vitro Systems for Toxicity Evaluation of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds on Humans: Current Status and Trends.

Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) are metabolic products and by-products of bacteria and fungi. They play an important role in the biosphere: They are responsible for inter- and intra-species communication and can positively or negatively affect growth in plants. But they can also cause discomfort and disease symptoms in humans. Although a link between mVOCs and respiratory health symptoms in humans has been demonstrated by numerous studies, standardized test systems for evaluating the toxicity of mVOCs are currently not available. Also, mVOCs are not considered systematically at regulatory level. We therefore performed a literature survey of existing in vitro exposure systems and lung models in order to summarize the state-of-the-art and discuss their suitability for understanding the potential toxic effects of mVOCs on human health. We present a review of submerged cultivation, air-liquid-interface (ALI), spheroids and organoids as well as multi-organ approaches and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of mVOC fingerprinting. However, given the most recent developments in the field, we expect that there will soon be adequate models of the human respiratory tract and its response to mVOCs.

Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL: Reconstructing the Psychosemantic Foundations of Interpersonal Relations

The present research featured the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations, the latter represented as a three-level system. The psychosemantic foundation contains implicit models of interpersonal relations; the regulatory level regulates interpersonal relationships in various contexts; the behavioral level manifests itself in direct interpersonal behavior. The research was based on the method of semantic differential. However, the method proved too sensitive to various kinds of heterogeneity of the test subjects, which rendered it impossible to identify the factor structure. As a result, the semantic differential was converted to factorial personality systems through the Automated Personal Thesaurus TEZAL. In this research, the semantic differential vocabulary profile was converted to 16PF personality profile. The semantic differential and converted data underwent statistical and comparative analyses, which singled out the general structures of perception in the system of interpersonal relations. The procedure revealed two bipolar factors. The factor of social self-organization reflected the degree of orderliness of social activity and behavior. The factor of social interaction demonstrated the flexibility, activity and initiative of social behavior. A regression analysis of the psychosemantic foundations revealed a more complex system, when interpersonal relations are perceived through the role image of mother and friend. Thus, initial data conversion provided a more detailed reconstruction of the psychosemantic foundation of interpersonal relations.

Pharmacovigilance and materiovigilance in India: A review

: Pharmacovigilance defined by the world health organization as "the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, assessment and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug related problems". It plays a key role in ensuring that patients receive safe drugs. Our knowledge of a drug’s adverse reactions can be increased by various means, including spontaneous reporting, intensive monitoring and database studies. New processes both at a regulatory and scientific level are being developed with the aim of strengthening pharmacovigilance and materiopvigilance. On a regulatory level, transparency and increased patient involvement are two important elements [1]. similarly Materiovigilance is the coordinated system of identification, collection, reporting, and analysis of any untoward occurrences associated with the use of medical devices and protection of patient's health by preventing its recurrences. Postmarketing surveillance of medical devices has been initiated in many countries, but it is still not as developed and robust as that of medicines. Materiovigilance program of India was launched on July 6, 2015, at Indian Pharmacopeia Commission with objectives to track the adverse events associated with the use of medical devices, to generate safety data, create awareness among the different stakeholders, and recommend the best practices and interventions to improve the patient's safety.

Mission of a higher education teacher

Theoretical and practical aspects of professional activity of a teacher of a higher education institution in the conditions of martial law are considered. It is noted that the mission of a higher education teacher depends on many factors: the mission of the higher education institution and the direct structural unit in it; professional skills of the teacher; readiness of everyone for professional growth during life, etc. It is proved that the academic mobility of a high education teacher is one of the characteristics of the mission of a teacher of a higher education institution. Based on the analysis of the development strategy of the Department of Primary and Preschool Education of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, the real threats to the professional activity of teaching staff are identified. In the context of the identified threats, the mission of a higher education teacher is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on an important problem of our time – the outflow of Ukrainian entrants to other countries, in order to study there. It is noted that the main task of a teacher is to show the capabilities of a particular education institution in a combination of training (education) in Ukrainian and foreign education institution with the help of the program of academic mobility, which can involve a student of any year of studying. It is shown that a threat of the loss of the authority to obtain higher education in general can be lost. It is noted that each individual must be ready for repeated changes of the profession and, accordingly, retraining in the system of organized adult education, which contributes to the economic, cultural, personal development of the potential of the population. An analysis of the study of the problem of dual education at the regulatory level - as a way of alternative learning in martial law is proposed. It is noted that professionalism in performing professional tasks, professionalism in organizing the educational process on the basis of student-centeredness and subject-subject relations, a high level of professional and personal competencies are necessary criteria for assessing the skills of a higher education teacher. This is what defines the mission of a teacher of higher education. Keywords: higher education teacher, academic mobility, adult education, dual education, mission of higher education teacher.

О ПРИРОДЕ ПОСРЕДНИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В СТРАХОВАНИИ

This article considers the problems associated with the activity of insurance intermediaries, the legal capacity of insurance agents and brokers with regard to meeting licensing requirements, the relation between the agency contract and the guarantee contract for the purposes of insurance, as well as the place and role of the insurance broker in the legal relations under study. It also provides a classification of the intermediary relations in insurance and defines its criteria. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion is made that the insurance agent acting for and on behalf of the insurer can perform the following physical actions in addition to the legally significant ones, i.e., concluding insurance contracts: searching for and bringing in new clients, negotiating, arranging and justifying the calculation of an insurance premium, and involving clients in partner-intermediary relations of the insurer. The analysis of the legal nature of the insurance broker as against the insurance agent shows that the criteria for differentiation include both legal features, such as legal capacity, and particular contractual constructions. The insurance broker acting for the benefit of the insurer acquires intermediary functions on the basis of mandate or commission agreements, agency agreements, or paid services agreements. All actions of the insurance broker in the interests of the insurer (reinsurer) are specified by paid services agreements because the insurance broker becomes an actual agent of the insurer in exercising their obligations to genuinely represent the interests of the insurer under the agency agreement, mandate or commission agreements, which is expressly prohibited by law. The detailed survey of the multi-level models of intermediary-partnership relations, in which several entities become involved in the intermediary relations, reveals that confusion can be avoided by recognizing the sub-agent or sub-broker relations at the regulatory level.

POSC274 Does Conditional Marketing Authorisation Speed Up Patient Access?

Conditional marketing authorisation (CMA) facilitates early approval for medicines intended for seriously debilitating or life-threatening diseases whose benefit of immediate availability outweighs the risk of less mature clinical data. While CMA has the potential to accelerate patient access, the perceived value at the regulatory level may not translate to value at the health technology assessment (HTA) level. This research explores whether CMA can accelerate time to patient access while maintaining optimal reimbursement outcomes. HTA outcomes of medicines with CMA from 2018-2020 were analysed, followed by 30-minute, qualitative, in-depth interviews with payer advisors from France and Germany to predict the evolution of HTA frameworks to accommodate future CMA candidates. 22 medicines received CMA from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) from 2018-2020. Despite substantial unmet medical need across indications, CMA translated to poor HTA outcomes. Of 18 available HTAs in France, 8 medicines received a negative reimbursement recommendation of SMR ‘Insufficient’ (in primary indication or subgroup), while the remaining outcomes were split between ‘Important’, ‘Moderate’ and ‘Low’. Most of the reimbursed medicines demonstrated poor quality of evidence, and received ASMR V. Of 13 available HTAs in Germany, only one medicine achieved an added benefit rating, while most demonstrated ‘no’ or ‘non-quantifiable’ added benefit. Payers expect future CMA candidates will face similar reimbursement hurdles if market-specific HTA requirements are not met. While CMA accelerates regulatory approval, limited data packages create huge uncertainty in the appraisal of medicines. This leads to significant risk of unfavourable reimbursement outcomes and delays in patient access. While HTA frameworks continue to evolve over time, they are unlikely to reward immature data submissions particularly as payer bodies face ever-increasing funding constraints likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturers should ensure their drug development programs meet both regulatory and payer requirements to support accelerated patient access.

ВЕРХОВЕНСТВО ПРАВА ТА ЕЛЕКТРОННА ЮРИДИЧНА ПРОЦЕДУРА : АНАЛІЗ СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ

The purpose of this article is to establish the compliance of electronic procedures with the requirements of the rule of law, which is currently the main criterion for the legitimacy of the activities of state authorities. The methodological basis of the scientific work was made up of general scientific and special-legal methods, in particular systemic, analysis and synthesis, formal and legal, and comparative-legal. The author clarified the main approaches to understanding the category of legal procedure, proposed classification criteria depending on the presence of a connection with the legal process into procedural and non-procedural ones. The article examines the peculiarities of improving procedures in the field of law enforcement, particularly judicial proceedings, under the influence of digital transformation. The author formulated the concept of electronic legal procedure as a special type of legal procedure, which is implemented with the help of information and communication technologies, aiming at achieving certain legal consequences and regulated by procedural legal norms and technical norms. The study also provides an analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the digital legal procedure, identifies the advantages of using electronic procedures in the period of crisis phenomena, such as facilitating access to justice, increasing the publicity and openness of the judicial process, and significantly reducing the time and material resources of the trial. At the same time, the possible risks of the digital transformation of court procedures in the context of the rule of law are outlined, which are associated with the violation of equal access to justice due to the lack of technical capabilities, ensuring confidentiality, the possibility of using discriminatory algorithms, the lack of procedural opportunities to appeal decisions made by artificial intelligence systems. Thus, the author proposed to develop a holistic concept of electronic court procedures, to establish digital procedural principles and rights of the subjects of such procedures at the regulatory level.

ДЕЗІНФОРМАЦІЯ: ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СУТНІСТЬ

The purpose of the study is to clarify the essence of disinformation as a threat to the rights and legitimate interests of a person, society, and the state, to identify its main features, and to formulate a clear definition of this concept. Methods. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparative law, abstraction, and generalization. Results. Different approaches to the definition of “disinformation” are considered. The main features of this phenomenon are singled out and generalized. The difference between the terms “disinformation”, “unreliable information” and “misinformation” is established. It is determined that the obligatory signs of disinformation are: intent to create, modify, and/or disseminate inaccurate information, intent to mislead, pre-determined purpose, and violation or the possibility of violation of legal rights and interests of a person or state as a result of such activities. The own approach to the understanding of disinformation in a narrow and wide sense is formulated. It is proposed to enshrine at the legal level the definition of this concept as a purposeful process of creating, modifying, and disseminating information, both inaccurate and reliable, to mislead individuals (groups of persons) to achieve political, economic, or ideological goals, which violate or human and civil rights and/or society and the state may be violated, and take it as a basis for the activities of the Center for Counteracting Disinformation and other public authorities in the performance of tasks related to counteracting and preventing the negative consequences of disinformation. Conclusions. In the digital age, disinformation has reached a “new level” and has certainly become one of the main challenges for both individual, states and the entire international community. Therefore, the development of legal mechanisms to combat this phenomenon has become more urgent than ever. In Ukraine, there is an understanding of the danger of this phenomenon, as evidenced by the definition of disinformation as one of the challenges and threats to national interests at the level of strategic regulations and the creation of a special working body of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine – Disinformation Center. At the same time, there is no definition of “disinformation” in national legislation. The key to the effective implementation of information policy to prevent and counteract the negative consequences of disinformation, protection of national security and interests in the information sphere, and the activities of the Center for Countering Disinformation is to consolidate the concept of “disinformation” at the regulatory level.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙНІ ЗМІНИ РОЛІ ДЕРЖАВИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПОДОЛАННЯ КОНФЛІКТІВ У ПРАВІ

The purpose of the study is to determine the main vectors of the transformation of the role of the state in the process of overcoming conflicts in law. Such scientific approaches as axiological, anthropological, synergistic, hermeneutic and communicative become important in the research process. The basis of worldview perception of scientific research are the philosophical methods of research, and dialectical, metaphysical, and idealistic methods play a decisive role among them. The system of special scientific research methods consists of: systemic, structural and functional, comparative, communicative and formal and logical. The proposed scientific study is devoted to the vectors of transformation of a state activity in the process of overcoming legal conflicts. Legal conflicts become a determining factor in the political, economic and social life of the modern states. Sometimes the life and fate of a person, a group of people or the entire state depends on the dynamism of legal conflicts, their scope of outspread, level of aggravation, subject composition and duration. That is why the study of the nature, essence and structure of legal conflicts and ways of overcoming them is of great practical importance in choosing comfortable and legitimate ways for the state to overcome them within its functional purpose. However, the priority direction of an activity of the state in the field of overcoming legal conflicts is the possibility of finding legal ways to prevent them. Such a result can be achieved only with the help of those legal means that exist in the state and with the help of which the mediator can conduct activities, the ultimate goal of which is a voluntary and fair decision. That is why an important mission is on the state – the acceptance and consolidation of relevant normative legal acts at the legislative level, which would become an alternative on the way to minimizing the resolution of legal conflicts through the courts. The introduction and further formation of the institution of mediation as an intermediate procedure in relation to the judicial form of overcoming of legal conflicts is important in this direction. Mediation helps the parties to avoid the escalation of the conflict and reach a resolution of the dispute, the result of which will satisfy both parties, relieving the court system during that period, as the resolution of conflicts in a pre-trial procedure will lead to a decrease in the number of cases that come to court. Conclusions: 1. The role and purpose of the state are manifested in the essential characteristics of the state, its social purpose as an organization that is able to and can solve various problems that arise in modern society. 2. Legal conflict can be considered as a type of social conflict, which is determined by a special sphere of existence – legal and characterized by two-way communication between subjects, arises on the basis of existing legal contradictions and is overcome with the help of legal means. 3. The legal aspect of the manifestation of conflict at the state level can act both as an object over which a conflict situation arises, and as a means by which it is possible to prevent and overcome such a conflict. 4. On the one hand, the state is viewed as an institution that is able and can resolve legal conflicts with the help of a number of legal means, and that reflects a positive aspect of the activity of the state. On the other hand, the state in the form of authorized bodies can become an organization that provokes the emergence of a legal conflict and is simultaneously a participant in it. 5. The direction of public bilateral coordination of the interests of subjects with the aim of establishing the common good becomes a priority, where the role of the state in such a process is mostly reduced to its essential model as an arbiter state. 6. The introduction of the institution of mediation (restorative justice, out-of-court procedure) and its consolidation at the regulatory level becomes an alternative or intermediate procedure in relation to the judicial form of overcoming of legal conflicts.

Effect of Central Bank Policy Response to Promote Mobile Money Transactions in the Context of COVID-19: The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Case Study

This article aims to contribute to the literature on policy response to COVID-19 by doing a case study on the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries. It consists to analyze the effect of the policy response adopted in 2020 by the Central Banque of West African States (CBWAS or BCEAO) to promote mobile payments to limit the spread of COVID-19. The analysis of the digital financial services (DFS) environment shows the need to make efforts at the regulatory and institutional level in order to create a favorable framework for the success of programs aimed to develop the use of mobile money, and to take into account changing needs for innovation. The region has made progress in terms of the use of mobile money, which benefits financial inclusion of the populations. Using a counterfactual impact analysis, we assessed the causal effect of this policy response on mobile money transactions after its adoption, using the method called “difference in differences”. This approach consists in capturing the quantitative effect of this policy by comparing the situation after its implementation and “that which would have prevailed in its absence”. The results showed that this policy has led to an increase in mobile payments of more than 11% on average per month after its adoption, which contributes to strengthening the resilience of populations during the pandemic. The study recommends emphasizing public awareness as part of the implementation of programs, developing adequate policies on access to infrastructure of DFS and accelerating the process of digital transformation in order to create favorable conditions for the development of mobile payments.

Creating a User-Friendly and Open-Access Gene Expression Database for Comparing Embryonic Development and Regeneration in Nematostella vectensis.

The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has emerged as a powerful research model to understand at the gene regulatory network level, to what extend regeneration recapitulates embryonic development. Such comparison involves massive transcriptomic analysis, a routine approach for identifying differential gene expression. Here we present a workflow to build a user-friendly, mineable, and open-access database providing access to the scientific community to various RNAseq datasets.

GM Food in India: Are we ready for it?

India’s approval of the first Genetically Modified Food Crop (GMFC), GM Mustard brought about this biotechnological product back in news. Issues pertaining to ecological impact, biosafety, economic benefits and labelling of these crops have been debated continuously at national and global level from past two decades. Yet there is no clarity on their efficacy, benefits or even harmful impacts. This paper is in direction to clear the controversies surrounding GM crops in context with the Indian agricultural set up. The readiness of the country to adopt and use these crops has been studied on 3 indices; Biosafety Readiness Level Regulatory Readiness Level and Social Readiness Level. The in-depth analysis highlighted the preparedness of the agricultural system legislative set up as well as consumer acceptance over these crops. Asymmetrical research database, regulatory lacunae and dubious perception of the society was reported at all the three levels of readiness. Therefore, the study recommends reforms in the agricultural system, in the regulatory policy and science communication policy of GMFCs so that this innovation of biotechnology can be used for the betterment of mankind.

Advanced control applied to a gas compression system of an offshore platform: From modeling to related system infrastructure

This work presents the development of an advanced control strategy using Model Predictive Control (MPC) for controlling the gas compression system of an offshore platform. It includes details about the complete phenomenological model of the system and of the software infrastructure developed to support the system implementation in real conditions. The proposed control structure has two main goals: (i) avoid unwanted regions of operation; and (ii) increase stability margins and availability. These goals are achieved by using a zone-control MPC and by adequately interacting with the regulatory control level. Although the proposed structure is general, this work exemplifies its application in a particular compression unit of a real offshore platform. Simulation results are presented in two different scenarios, one to test how the controller rejects a gas-load varying disturbance and another to analyze how the controller copes with an abnormal situation, losing real-time data of process variables or manipulated variables during operation. The good performance obtained in these two cases confirm the benefits provided by the proposed MPC strategy to the operation of the gas compression unit.

Il Pnrr propulsore della innovazione manageriale della pubblica amministrazione

Italy, through the Nrpp, is operating a vast program of reforms relating to the public administration, justice, the simplification of the legislation, the tax authorities. One of the most important and incisive reforms, demanded for some time by the European Commission, concerns the public administration. The main objective is to strengthen the competitiveness of the country, as the economic growth of the country mostly depends on the quality of public administrations. An efficient public administration allows to provide adequate goods and public services to citizens and businesses. Solving the structural weaknesses of the Pa and simplifying the procedures, at a regulatory and administrative level, means lightening users of services from charges that brake growth. The public administration reform provided for in the plan insists on four intervention lines: “access”: more effective personnel selection mechanisms; “good administration”: simplification and good practices; “human capital and skills”; “digitization”. The overall strategy focuses on a great investment in public human capital through the generational change of employees, the introduction of new skills, the “reengineering of organizational processes”, and the adoption of managerial tools borrowed from the operation of private companies, such as project management, management audit, total quality management and management by objectives.

Identification of Significant Genes and Pathways Associated with Tenascin-C in Cancer Progression by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background:Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix which associated with poor clinical outcomes in several malignancies. TNC over-expression is repeatedly observed in several cancer tissues and promotes several processes in tumor progression. Until quite recently, more needs to be known about the potential mechanisms of TNC as a key player in cancer progression and metastasis.Materials and Methods:In the present study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of breast and colorectal cancer expression microarray data to survey TNC role and function with holistic view. Gene expression profiles were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal samples and cancer biopsy samples. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs with CluePedia plugin of Cytoscape software were constructed. Furthermore, after PPI network construction, gene-regulatory networks analysis was performed to predict long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs associated with TNC and cluster analysis was performed. Using the Clue gene ontology (GO) plugin of Cytoscape software, the GO and pathway enrichment analysis were performed.Results:PPI and DEGs-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory networks showed TNC is a significant node in a huge network, and one of the main gene with high centrality parameters. Furthermore, from the regulatory level perspective, TNC could be significantly impressed by miR-335-5p. GO analysis results showed that TNC was significantly enriched in cancer-related biological processes.Conclusions:It is important to identify the TNC underlying molecular mechanisms in cancer progression, which may be clinically useful for tumor-targeting strategies. Bioinformatics analysis provides an insight into the significant roles that TNC plays in cancer progression scenarios.

ЮРИДИЧНО ЗНАЧУЩІ ДІЇ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНО-ПРАВОВА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА, ПРИКЛАДИ, ШЛЯХИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of legally significant actions as atool of public administration through the theoretical and legal characterization of their featuresand the analysis of examples by which certain actions can or, on the contrary, can’t be attributedto them.Methods. The research methodology consists of general and special methods of scientificknowledge, among which the main ones are comparative legal (for comparing scientific views andlegal provisions), analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction (when studying the signs of thetools of public administration and attributing to their specific types of individual actions committedby subjects of public administration), systemic-structural (the use of which is conditioned by theneed for a systematic and consistent study of the essence of legally significant actions and thepossibility of attributing certain tools of public administration to them), formal-logical (duringresearch of the content of features of administrative acts enshrined in law and the consistency ofscientific points of view with them) etc.Results. The first section of the article examines the main features of legally significant actions,established in law and proposed in scientific sources. The impracticality of attributing to themactions that do not lead to legal consequences is substantiated. An example of legally significantactions committed in the form of inactivity of public administration subjects is given.In the second section of the article, examples of the use of tools-actions of subjects of publicadministration are analyzed for a visual demonstration of the possibility of classifying certainactions of public administration as legally significant. In this context, the actions of the publicadministration on the implementation of the initiative on the purchase of private property objectsfor public needs, the voting carried out at the meetings of public administration subjects, includingthe decision on the purchase of private property objects for public needs, are considered.Conclusions. In the conclusions, the concept of legally significant actions is proposed as a formof administrative acts enshrined in the Law of Ukraine “On administrative procedure”, theexpression of which is the actions or inactions of subjects of public administration, providedat the regulatory level, which are characterized by all the features of this category of tools ofpublic administration without exception. It is emphasized that one of their features is that in certain cases, in order to achieve the result of the performance of the powers entrusted to thepublic administration, they must be applied in combination with administrative acts in the formof decisions. The most expressive examples of legally significant actions are listed. Proposals forimproving the legal regulation of administrative acts have been formulated.

Differences in Investment Concepts between Chinese and Western Investors from the Cultural Perspective

The investment concept, reflecting the investor's investment purpose and willingness, is a value that embodies the investor's investment personality characteristics, prompts investors to carry out investment analysis, judgment, decision-making, and guides investor behaviors. Due to different maturity of the capital market in China and Western countries, there are many differences in the regulatory level, cultural and behavioral patterns of the supervision and management departments of the capital market between Chinese and Western investment philosophy. This article analyzes the differences in investment ideas between Chinese and Western investors from the culture perspective. This thesis studies on the basis of four cultural differences: "The Golden Mean" and "Interest Maximization"; the face-culture and individualism; rule of man and rule of law; and gambler psychology and adventure spirit. Based on these four aspects of cultural differences, four different investment concepts of Chinese and Western investors are analyzed: long-term investments and short-term speculation; "Herd Effect" and independent decision; grapevines and public information; and leveraged trading and allocation of funds. This thesis adopts several cases to analyze the differences between Chinese and Western investors in financial products such as stocks, gold, and futures, and in investment behavior such as the long-term investment, short-term speculation, leveraged trading, and investment portfolios. With cultural differences between China and the West probed into, the differences between Chinese and Western investors' investment concepts are justified. It is hoped that this effort will help investors deepen the understanding of the capital markets in China and the West, enable Chinese investors to learn the Western mature investment concepts, and facilitate the regulators to manage the capital market effectively.