Impact Of Regulation Research Articles

Policy And Regulatory Impact On Educational Implementation (Study In The Kutai Kartanegara District Area)

Policy And Regulatory Impact On Educational Implementation (Study In The Kutai Kartanegara District Area)

Abstract LB242: Prediction of patient response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer from their deconvolved tumor microenvironment transcriptome

Abstract Introduction: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays critical roles in tumor development and clinical outcome. While the multifarious cellular interactions within the TME have been extensively studied with a significant emphasis on immunotherapy, understanding its role in chemotherapy outcome remains less explored. To this end, we present a novel generic computational framework named DECODEM (DEcoupling Cell-type-specific Outcomes using DEconvolution and Machine learning). DECODEM facilitates the exploration of the association of cell-type-specific gene expression profiles with the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in treating breast cancer (BC). This approach holds promise for elucidating the nuanced ways in which the TME can modulate therapeutic efficacy, potentially paving the way for more personalized and effective cancer treatments. Methods: DECODEM employs cellular deconvolution of bulk transcriptomics to extract cell-type-specific gene expression profiles within the TME, and subsequently harnesses machine learning to construct cell-type-specific predictors of clinical outcomes. Utilizing DECODEM, we analyzed three publicly available cohorts of HER2-negative BC patients who received NAC. We assessed the predictive capabilities of the individual cell types as well as their collective influence, benchmarking against a state-of-the-art predictor that employs both clinical and transcriptomic features. We corroborated our findings in a single-cell (SC) transcriptomics cohort of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) undergoing chemotherapy. Further, we expanded DECODEM to DECODEMi, which accounts for cell-cell interactions (CCIs) among the predominant cell types, offering potential insights into the mechanistic processes governing clinical responses. Results: Our analysis indicated that the heterogeneous composition of the TME is crucial for chemotherapy response prediction in HER2-negative BC, beyond the influence of malignant cells alone. The key insights from our study are as follows:1. Gene expression of immune cells (myeloid, plasmablasts, B-cells) and stromal cells (endothelial, normal epithelial, cancer-associated fibroblasts) displayed comparable-to-superior predictive powers over both bulk expression and the state-of-the-art predictor.2. The predictive accuracy is further augmented by multi-cell-type ensembles, with a triad ensemble comprising endothelial, myeloid, and plasmablast cells achieving the highest predictive accuracy across multiple cohorts.3. DECODEMi can effectively capture the regulatory impact of CCIs (validated in a SC dataset sourced from the SC-TNBC cohort) and has identified novel CCIs likely to influence chemotherapy response in HER2-negative BC. Conclusion: We provide an unprecedented computational methodology to quantitatively assess the cell-type-specific influences of the TME on clinical outcome. Our analysis offers insights into the complex interactions among TME cells and their correlation with chemotherapy efficacy in HER2-negative BC, thereby enriching the knowledge base of BC treatment effectiveness. Citation Format: Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Sahil Sahni, Binbin Wang, Di Wu, Yael Schmidt, Eldad Shulman, Sanju Sinha, Stephen-John Sammut, Carlos Caldas, Kun Wang, Eytan Ruppin. Prediction of patient response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer from their deconvolved tumor microenvironment transcriptome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB242.

Streamlined benefit analysis of products based on the Sustainable Development Goals: Integrating the voice of society into life cycle sustainability assessment

AbstractConducting benefit analyses used to be a controversial endeavor. In the absence of a consistent normative framework, indicators had to be determined on a case‐by‐case basis, requiring time‐consuming stakeholder workshops. The 2030 Agenda provided the missing normative basis to enable the inclusion of benefit aspects in life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). However, given the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their 169 targets, it has remained unclear which of these targets relate to products and services and should therefore be used as indicators in benefit analyses. Against this background, this paper presents a consistent and well‐defined indicator framework for product‐related benefit analyses, developed through a detailed alignment with the 2030 Agenda and comprising a set of 30 indicators. It also describes how benefit analysis can be integrated into the LCSA methodology to provide a sound, evidence‐based framework for research and policy making: First, it outlines a sustainability self‐assessment tool for corporate researchers and designers, embedded in a Stage‐Gate process as a “voice‐of‐society” perspective. Second, it discusses approaches to improve regulatory impact assessment for policy making, particularly in the area of chemicals management. An illustrative case study shows how the developed benefit indicators can address current shortcomings in socio‐economic analysis methodology, such as an unbalanced focus on the economic impacts and insufficient information on human and environmental impacts. Despite its limitations, such as the inherent focus on societal benefits and existing “blind spots” in the 2030 Agenda, the indicator set has the potential to enrich LCSA studies with previously neglected aspects.

Exploring non-coding genetic variability in ACE2: Functional annotation and in vitro validation of regulatory variants

The surge in human whole-genome sequencing data has facilitated the study of non-coding region variations, yet understanding their biological significance remains a challenge. We used a computational workflow to assess the regulatory potential of non-coding variants, with a particular focus on the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene. This gene is crucial in physiological processes and serves as the entry point for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In our analysis, using data from the gnomAD population database and functional annotation, we identified 17 significant Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in ACE2, particularly in its enhancers, promoters, and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). We found preliminary evidence supporting the regulatory impact of some of these variants on ACE2 expression. Our detailed examination of two SNVs, rs147718775 and rs140394675, in the ACE2 promoter revealed that these co-occurring SNVs, when mutated, significantly enhance promoter activity, suggesting a possible increase in specific ACE2 isoform expression. This method proves effective in identifying and interpreting impactful non-coding variants, aiding in further studies and enhancing understanding of molecular bases of monogenic and complex traits.

Legal regulation of information processes within the framework of preventive SMART monitoring

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal problems that arise during implementation of preventive SMART monitoring in the financial and budgetary sphere, identify conflicts and develop recommendations on the correct application of legal norms during preventive smart control. We will not consider the general requirements for state information systems and procedures for collecting and processing information established by financial legislation, legislation of the Russian Federation on information, information technology and information protection, legislation on security, legislation of the Russian Federation on state and other legally protected secrets. The study will focus on aspects of regulating the procedures for collecting and processing information used directly during the preventive SMART control. The subject of the study is both the current legal norms and legislative initiatives on amendments to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the information procedures themselves that exist during SMART monitoring. To conduct the research, a methodology was used, including an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework, draft regulatory legal acts and scientific literature on the subject of research, generalization and systematization of data, and the formation of proposals to resolve the identified problems. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: basic information relations within the framework of the implementation of preventive SMART control procedures in the financial and budgetary sphere are currently regulated by legislation and do not need further improvement; legislative work is required to improve the legal mechanism governing information processes using artificial intelligence, big data processing, and the introduction of intelligent agents; all innovations are proposed to be implemented only after a comprehensive assessment of their regulatory impact; additional regulatory consolidation is required by the mechanism of openness of all elements and procedures related to preventive SMART monitoring.

LncRNA MALAT1 suppresses monocyte-endothelial cell interactions by targeting miR-30b-5p and enhancing ATG5-mediated autophagy

BackgroundMonocyte-endothelial cell (EC) interactions are one of the earliest events in the development of atherosclerosis and play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Although attempts have been made to modulate this interaction, the underlying molecular signalling mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in monocyte-EC interactions. MethodsThe expression of MALAT1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin, CCL2 and CXCL1 was evaluated in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflamed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The regulatory impact of MALAT1 on cell adhesion molecules, monocyte-EC adhesion, and autophagy was assessed. The interactions between MALAT1 and microRNAs (miRNAs) were evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. ResultsMALAT1 expression decreased in ApoE-/- mouse aortic tissues and inflammatory HUVECs. MALAT1 overexpression suppressed the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CXCL1, and reduced the migration and adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Inhibition of MALAT1 promoted cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte-EC interactions. Mechanistically, MALAT1 binds directly to miR-30b-5p and decreases its effective expression by functioning as an endogenous sponge, thereby increasing the expression of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and stimulates endothelial autophagy. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MALAT1 suppresses monocyte-EC interactions by targeting miR-30b-5p and enhancing ATG5-mediated endothelial autophagy. These data imply that MALAT1 may play a protective role at the early stages of the atherosclerotic process.

Neuritin promotes autophagic flux by inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway to alleviate brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage

BackgroundEarly brain injury (EBI) is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), with autophagy playing a pivotal role in EBI. However, research has shown that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway impacts autophagic flux. While the regulatory impact of neuritin on EBI and autophagic flux has been established previously, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in neuritin-mediated regulation of autophagic flux following SAH. MethodsA SAH model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats via intravascular perforation. Neuritin overexpressions using adeno-associated virus, the STING antagonist “C-176,” and the activator, “CMA,” were determined to investigate the cGAS-STING pathway’s influence on autophagic flux and brain injury post-SAH, along with the neuritin's regulatory effect on STING. In this study, SAH grade, neurological score, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, brain water content (BWC), sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Evans blue staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were examined. ResultsNeuritin overexpression significantly ameliorated neurobehavioural scores, blood–brain barrier injury, brain oedema, and impaired autophagic flux in SAH-induced rats. STING expression remarkably increased post-SAH. C-176 and CMA mitigated and aggravated autophagic flux injury and brain injury, respectively, while inhibiting and enhancing STING, respectively. Particularly, CMA treatment nullified the protective effects of neuritin against autophagic flux and mitigated brain injury. ConclusionNeuritin alleviated EBI by restoring impaired autophagic flux after SAH through the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.

Wemics: A Single-Base Resolution Methylation Quantification Method for Enhanced Prediction of Epigenetic Regulation.

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that alters gene expression without changing DNA sequence, is essential for organism development and key biological processes like genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation. Despite tremendous efforts in DNA methylation research, accurate quantification of cytosine methylation remains a challenge. Here, a single-base methylation quantification approach is introduced by weighting methylation of consecutive CpG sites (Wemics) in genomic regions. Wemics quantification of DNA methylation better predicts its regulatory impact on gene transcription and identifies differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with more biological relevance. Most Wemics-quantified DMRs in lung cancer are epigenetically conserved and recurrently occurred in other primary cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and their aberrant alterations can serve as promising pan-cancer diagnostic markers. It is further revealed that these detected DMRs are enriched in transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, and methylation of these TF binding motifs and TF expression synergistically regulate target gene expression. Using Wemics on epigenomic-transcriptomic data from the large lung cancer cohort, a dozen novel genes with oncogenic potential are discovered that are upregulated by hypomethylation but overlooked by other quantification methods. These findings increase the understanding of the epigenetic mechanism by which DNA methylation regulates gene expression.

Arabidopsis ERD15 regulated by BBX24 plays a positive role in UV-B signaling

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) is a minor component of solar radiation, but it has a major regulatory impact on plant growth and development. Solar UV-B regulates numerous aspects of plant metabolism, morphology and physiology through altering the expression of hundreds of genes. EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 15 (ERD15) is a drought-induced rapid response gene, formerly known as a negative regulator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. It is unclear whether ERD15 is involved in UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis. Previously, we reported that the BBX24 transcriptional factor negatively regulated UV-B signaling. In the present study, we identified that ERD15 is involved in UV-B photomorphogenesis as a positive regulator at phenotypic, physiological and molecular levels. Our results indicated that ERD15 expression is suppressed by UV-B, inhibited the elongation of Arabidopsis hypocotyls in a UV-B-dependent manner, promoted the expression of related UV-B signaling genes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of Arabidopsis under UV-B. Genetic hybridization results show that ERD15 acts downstream of BBX24, and BBX24 protein mediated the expression of ERD15 by binding to its promoter. Thus, ERD15 is a novel positive regulator of the UV-B signaling pathway, which is downstream of BBX24 and regulated by BBX24 protein to participate in UV-B photomorphogenesis.

Assessing the Impact of Agents with Antiviral Activities on Transmembrane Ionic Currents: Exploring Possible Unintended Actions

As the need for effective antiviral treatment intensifies, such as with the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection, it is crucial to understand that while the mechanisms of action of these drugs or compounds seem apparent, they might also interact with unexplored targets, such as cell membrane ion channels in diverse cell types. In this review paper, we demonstrate that many different drugs or compounds, in addition to their known interference with viral infections, may also directly influence various types of ionic currents on the surface membrane of the host cell. These agents include artemisinin, cannabidiol, memantine, mitoxantrone, molnupiravir, remdesivir, SM-102, and sorafenib. If achievable at low concentrations, these regulatory effects on ion channels are highly likely to synergize with the identified initial mechanisms of viral replication interference. Additionally, the immediate regulatory impact of these agents on the ion-channel function may potentially result in unintended adverse effects, including changes in cardiac electrical activity and the prolongation of the QTc interval. Therefore, it is essential for patients receiving these related agents to exercise additional caution to prevent unnecessary complications.

Behavioural Analysis and Regulatory Impact Assessment

Abstract Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is an appraisal tool to bring evidence to bear on regulatory decisions. A key property of RIA is that is corrects errors in reasoning by pushing regulators towards deliberative thinking to override intuitive judgments. However, the steps for regulatory analysis suggested by international organisations and governmental handbooks do not handle two sources of bias and barriers that are well documented in the literature on behavioural insights. First, bias enters the process via knowledge production during the analytical process of assessment. Second, bias affects knowledge utilisation when regulators “read” or utilise the results of RIA. We explore these two pathways by focusing on drivers of behaviour rather than lists of biases. The conclusions reflect on the limitations of current practice and its possible improvement, making suggestions for an RIA architecture that is fully informed by behavioural analysis.

GCN2-eIF2α signaling pathway negatively regulates the growth of triploid crucian carp

GCN2-eIF2α signaling pathway plays crucial roles in cell growth,development, and protein synthesis. However, in polyploid fish, the function of this pathway is rarely understood. In this study, genes associated with the GCN2-eIF2α pathway (pkr, pek, gcn2, eif2α) are founded lower expression levels in the triploid crucian carp (3nCC) muscle compared to that of the red crucian carp (RCC). In muscle effect stage embryos of the 3nCC, the mRNA levels of this pathway genes are generally lower than those of RCC, excluding hri and fgf21. Inhibiting gcn2 in 3nCC embryos downregulates downstream gene expression (eif2α, atf4, fgf21), accelerating embryonic development. In contrast, overexpressing of eif2α can alter the expression levels of downstream genes (atf4 and fgf21), and decelerates the embryonic development. These results demonstrate the GCN2-eIF2α pathway's regulatory impact on 3nCC growth, advancing understanding of fish rapid growth genetics and offering useful molecular markers for breeding of excellent strains.

Современные концепции позиционирования государств в международных отношениях

The relevance of the research topic is due to the search for a scientifically sound strategy for Russia’s political positioning in the international space. The article presents the authors’ attempt to justify the con- ceptual behavior of the country in modern international relations based on the analysis of theories of the post- industrial period. The aim of the study is to search for concepts and scientific theories that can serve as a method- ological basis for designing the political behavior of a particular country or exert an effective regulatory impact on a variety of subjects of international relations. The research methods are abstract modeling of the situation and fore- casting, qualitative content analysis of modern theories, which allows to identify the conceptual aspects of the be- havior of political actors in modern international relations. Apart from this, the course of reasoning leads the authors to the conclusion that international policy should be based on scientific theories allowing to calculate the prospects of development of the global community depending on the behavior strategies of individual states.

Identification of Hedyotisdiffusa Willd-specific mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA network in rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental verification

Hedyotisdiffusa Willd (HDW) possesses heat-clearing, detoxification, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain under-researched. In this study, we identified potential targets of HDW and collected differentially expressed genes of RA from the GEO dataset GSE77298, leading to the construction of a drug-component-target-disease regulatory network. The intersecting genes underwent GO and KEGG analysis. A PPI protein interaction network was established in the STRING database. Through LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE algorithms, we identified the core gene MMP9. Subsequent analyses, including ROC, GSEA enrichment, and immune cell infiltration, correlated core genes with RA. mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA regulatory networks were predicted using databases like TargetScan, miRTarBase, miRWalk, starBase, lncBase, and the GEO dataset GSE122616. Experimental verification in RA-FLS cells confirmed HDW’s regulatory impact on core genes and their ceRNA expression. We obtained 11 main active ingredients of HDW and 180 corresponding targets, 2150 RA-related genes, and 36 drug-disease intersection targets. The PPI network diagram and three machine learning methods screened to obtain MMP9, and further analysis showed that MMP9 had high diagnostic significance and was significantly correlated with the main infiltrated immune cells, and the molecular docking verification also showed that MMP9 and the main active components of HDW were well combined. Next, we predicted 6 miRNAs and 314 lncRNAs acting on MMP9, and two ceRNA regulatory axes were obtained according to the screening. Cellular assays indicated HDW inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and MMP9 protein expression dose-dependently, suggesting HDW might influence RA’s progression by regulating the MMP9/miR-204-5p/MIAT axis. This innovative analytical thinking provides guidance and reference for the future research on the ceRNA mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of RA.

Evolution of ride-hailing platforms regulations in India: a multi-level perspective

PurposeDigital platforms (DP) are transforming service delivery and affecting associated actors. The position of DPs is impacted by the regulations. However, emerging economies often lack the regulatory environment to support DPs. This paper aims to explore the regulatory developments for DPs using the multi-level perspective (MLP).Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores regulatory developments of ride-hailing platforms (RHPs) in India and their impacts. This study uses qualitative interview data from platform representatives, bureaucrats, drivers, experts and policy documents.FindingsRegulatory developments in the ride-hailing space cannot be explained as a linear progression. The static institutional assumptions, especially without considering the multi-actors and multi-levels in policy formulation, do not serve associated actors adequately in different times and spaces. The RHPs regulations must consider the perspective of new RHPs and the support available to them. Non-consideration of short- and long-term perspectives of RHPs may have unequal outcomes for established and new RHPs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has implications for the digital economy regulatory ecosystem, DPs and implications for policymakers. Though the data from legal documents and qualitative interviews is adequate, transactional data from the RHPs and interviews with judiciary actors would have been insightful.Practical implicationsThe study provides insights into critical aspects of regulatory evolution, governance and regulatory impact on the DPs’ ecosystem. The right balance of regulations according to the business models of DPs allows DPs to have space for growth and development of the platform ecosystem.Social implicationsThis research shows the interactions in the digital space and how regulations can impact various actors. A balanced policy can guide the paths of DPs to have equal opportunities.Originality/valueDP regulations have a complex structure. The paper studies regulatory developments of DPs and the impacts of governance and controls on associated players and platform ecosystems.

Regulatory impact of statins on macrophage polarization: mechanistic and therapeutic implications.

Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely prescribed drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to their lipid-lowering effects, these compounds have been found to possess immune-modulating properties. Macrophages, which are crucial phagocytic cells in the body, can be divided into two main subsets: M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). While there is evidence suggesting that statins exert an anti-inflammatory action on macrophages and promote their polarization towards the M2 subset, recent studies have identified the proinflammatory impact of statins on macrophages, leading to polarization towards the M1 subset. For example, statins have been shown to inhibit NF-κB activation to promote anti-inflammatory responses. On the other hand, statins can induce NFκB/AP-1 activation and increase IL-1β secretion in macrophages to promote pro-inflammatory responses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both in vivo and in vitro studies that have investigated the effects of statins on macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses in various diseases. Furthermore, this review seeks to evaluate the underlying mechanisms involved in these effects. By summarizing the existing evidence, this review contributes to our understanding of the complex interactions between statins and macrophages in different disease contexts.

Ocean governance in practice: A study of the application of marine science and technology research techniques to maritime law enforcement in Taiwan

The research looks into the relationship between technology, international law, and marine policy in Taiwan, specifically looking at how these three factors interact to influence the way the maritime environment is monitored, understood, and regulated. The research explores how cutting-edge innovation has improved sustainable marine resource management by reshaping data collecting, analysis, and decision-making via a comprehensive literature review and case studies focused on Taiwan. The impact of international law, and UNCLOS in particular, on the standards and technologies used in marine resource management is a significant topic covered in the paper. Q&A sessions with experts in maritime policy, technology, and international law provide a qualitative analysis of the current state of marine affairs in Taiwan. The research shows that technology has revolutionized the way Taiwan oversees and monitors its marine environment. More effective and cooperative ocean governance has resulted from the rise of evidence-based decision-making made possible by technological advancements. An example of the regulatory impact of international law is UNCLOS, which sets standards for the sustainable management of marine resources and directs the use of technology. In spite of geopolitical obstacles, Taiwan is well-positioned for successful marine conservation and sustainable resource use thanks to its all-encompassing approach, which is based on continuing conversations and partnerships and is in line with worldwide technological advances and changing regulatory frameworks. This study highlights the interconnected nature of technology, international law, and marine policy, and how these factors influence Taiwan's strategy for preserving marine resources for the future.

Light-dependent expression and accumulation of miR408-encoded peptide, miPEP408, is regulated by HY5 in Arabidopsis

Recent studies propose that primary transcripts of miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) contain small Open Reading Frames (ORFs) capable of encoding miRNA-encoded peptides (miPEPs). These miPEPs can function as transcriptional regulators for their corresponding pri-miRNAs, ultimately enhancing mature miRNA accumulation. Notably, pri-miR408 encodes the functional peptide miPEP408, regulating expression of miR408 and its target genes, providing plant tolerance to stresses. While miPEPs are crucial regulators, the factors governing them are have not been studied in detail. Here, we explored the light-dependent regulation of miPEP408 in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis during dark-light transitions revealed light-induced transcription and accumulation of the miPEP408. As the promoter of miR408 contains cis-acting elements responsible for binding to the bZIP-type transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), known for light-mediated regulation in plants, we studied its involvement in the regulation of miR408. Analysis of HY5 mutant (hy5-215), complemented line (HY5OX/hy5), and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 mutant (cop1-4) plants supported HY5's positive regulation of miPEP408. Grafting and GUS assays further suggested the role of HY5 as a shoot-root mobile signal inducing light-dependent miPEP408 expression. This study underscores the regulatory impact of light on small peptides, exemplified by miPEP408, mediated by the key transcription factor HY5.

OBJECTS AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL REALITY

This article attempts to problematize objects in the context of changing social reality. An object is considered within the framework of the work, among other objects, as something with extension (i.e., the property of occupying a certain place in space), impenetrability, and the ability to resist external influences, which brings us to the possibility of considering an object as a subject. The problems of interaction between objects and social agents in modern society are considered. The phenomenological approach and the theory of social constructivism were chosen as the methodological basis, putting forward a thesis. The authors pay special attention to the study of the influence of the transformation of material elements on the characteristics of social space through social interaction. The authors analyze the process of adapting the operational potential of an object in the context of a game. The influence of objects on the social environment and interaction with agents is considered. The role of objects in communication and their social significance is determined. The authors define objects through three aspects: activity, discursive and spatial levels. The main focus is on studying the influence of objects on social interactions and their symbolic structures. It is argued that objects determine the boundaries of a social act and influence the process of socialization, and also gives examples of their regulatory impact on communication. The work also examines the symbolic content of objects and their influence on the nature of interaction.

Elucidating the modulatory effect of melatonin on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in wheat: a global meta-analysis.

In our comprehensive meta-analysis, we initially collected 177 publications focusing on the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 40 published studies were selected, encompassing 558 observations for antioxidant enzymes, 312 for reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 92 for soluble biomolecules (soluble sugar and protein). This analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 99% for enzymes, ROS, and soluble biomolecules) and notable publication bias, indicating the complexity and variability in the research field. Melatonin application generally increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in wheat, particularly under stress conditions, such as high temperature and heavy-metal exposure. Compared to control, melatonin application increased SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities by 29.5, 16.96, 35.98, and 171.64%, respectively. Moreover, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased with melatonin by 23.73, 13.64, and 21.91%, respectively, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. The analysis also highlighted melatonin's role in improving carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin showed an overall increase of 12.77% in soluble sugar content, and 22.76% in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity compared to the control. However, the effects varied across different wheat varieties, environmental conditions, and application methods. Our study also uncovered complex relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities and H2O2 levels, indicating a nuanced regulatory role of melatonin in oxidative stress responses. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the significant role of melatonin in increasing wheat resilience to abiotic stressors, potentially through its regulatory impact on antioxidant defense systems and stress response.