Policy Regulation Research Articles

Model of legal regulation of clusters in the Russian Federation

Objective: to create a model of legal regulation of clusters in the Russian Federation.Methods: historical method, formal-legal analysis, statistical and sociological methods, systematization, comparative-legal method, methods of legal modeling and forecasting.Results: based on the analysis of scientific literature, Russian and foreign legislation and legal practice, the paper formulates the definition of a “cluster” concept (a group of business entities (suppliers, manufacturers, etc.) located on the territory of a special economic zone, operating in a certain sphere, producing and/or carrying out complementary goods, works, services), defines its features and types, and identifies the models of incentive legal regimes: (a) “model of derogations” – EPR model; b) “model of guarantees” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovations and technologies in the PPP (MPP) framework; c) “model of support” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity of SMEs in the field of digital innovations and technologies; d) “model of preferences” – model of a legal regime stimulating entrepreneurial activity within the boundaries of territories and entities with high innovation potential. The author proposes to create a unified legal regime of cluster and cluster activity in the Russian Federation by developing and adopting a relevant federal law and amending the legislation on special economic zones.Scientific novelty: the article is the first to carry out a comprehensive comparative legal analysis of clusters and cluster policy, their legal regulation in Russia and foreign countries.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the legal regulation of clusters and cluster policy in Russia and foreign countries, as well as legal regimes stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the field of digital innovation and technology.

The European Union’s legislative process in the area of environmental protection in the context of the European environmental policy

Motives: This research paper analyzes the legislative process and the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) environmental law as one of the principal tools for achieving and maintaining global ecological safety.Aim: The study was undertaken to determine how the priorities of the EU’s foreign and internal policy are reflected in the legislative process in the area of environmental protection. The problems associated with law enforcement and the implementation of EU legislative acts in national legislation were also examined, and the current state and prospects for policy-making in the area of environmental protection were assessed. The paper considers environmental policy issues and legal regulations in Azerbaijan in the context of EU experiences. The research covers political and legal relations.Results: An analysis of the historical transformation of the EU’s environmental law from an institutional and constitutional perspective was combined with an analysis of the principal aspects and the main trends in the EU’s environmental governance and lawmaking. The EU’s contribution to the development of environmental legislation highlights its approach to the multi-layered dimension of environmental governance internally, in terms of the dynamic relationship between the EU and the Member States, as well as internationally. The EU’s policy and legal regulations in the area of environmental protection can serve as a reliable example for countries in which the environmental agenda has not yet received due attention. The above applies to both strategic planning, regulatory issues, and law enforcement practices.

The (un)sustainable mix: supply chain finance, sustainability ratings and liquidity

Purpose This study aims to investigate the interaction effect between offering supply chain finance (SCF) programmes and sustainability ratings on the liquidity performance of buyers and suppliers. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a unique sample of buyers that each have an SCF programme. The sample is complemented with financial information and sustainability scores. The data is analysed through a random effects model. Findings Aligning with recent advances in SCF literature, the results confirm a tendency for SCF programmes to favour buyers over suppliers. However, the relationship between SCF programme adoption and liquidity performance for buyers and suppliers is positively moderated by the strong sustainability performance of both parties. Practical implications Buyers and suppliers are advised to implement and adopt effective SCF programmes that are beneficial for both parties. For buyers, the authors suggest leveraging on SCF programmes as incentives to foster sustainable behaviour among suppliers. For suppliers, the authors recommend caution before joining programmes offered by buyers that do not perform well on sustainability. Social implications Enhancing sustainability within global supply chains and fostering favourable payment practices towards suppliers are crucial for policy development and regulation. The findings clarify the connection between both components, offering valuable insights for policymakers in this domain. Originality/value The study is built on a manually picked, unique database of buyers offering SCF programmes to their suppliers. This allows, across a large sample, an evaluation of the differences between buyers that offer SCF programmes and those that do not.

Implementation of Policy Regulation of The Head of The National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 Concerning Technical Instructions For The Implementation of Land Procurement

That this research aims to analyze more deeply the implementation of the policy of the Head of the National Land Agency Regulation Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition Case study of Land Acquisition for the Construction of the Pekanbaru-Bangkinang Toll Road, Riau Province. The research method in this legal research uses qualitative methods. The problem formulation used in this research is how to implement the policy of Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition and what factors hinder the implementation of the policy of Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for Implementing Land Acquisition. That the results of this research found that the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of the Pekanbaru-Bangkinang toll road in Riau province was not optimal, that there were obstacles in the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of the toll road in the form of land disputes, the location being included in a forest area, and resistance from residents to the development. the toll road. The conclusion of this research is that it is best to review the regulations of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 5 of 2012 concerning Technical Instructions for the Implementation of Land Acquisition which function as a fulfillment of solving public problems in the land sector and filling legal gaps if necessary and that regarding the obstacles that In the field, assistance should be provided with related officials such as the prosecutor's office and police as well as the local district court to provide a sense of security and comfort for the committee and other stakeholders involved in the land acquisition process for the public interest.

Financial Inclusion and Nigeria’s Economic Performance

This study examined financial inclusion on economic performance in Nigeria with quarterly data spanning 2009Q1-2021Q4 using ARDL as the choice technique of analysis the findings demonstrated that although the quantity of USSD, POS, and ATM transactions increased GDP, the effect was not statistically significant, suggesting that these factors did not have a major impact on economic performance. In a similar vein, lending to the private sector decreased GDP, but this effect was not statistically significant. The study therefore concludes that throughout the research period, Nigeria's economic performance was not significantly impacted by the factors that indicate financial inclusion and to better understand the underlying causes and dynamics of the link between financial inclusion and economic success in Nigeria, the study does, however, suggest more research. It is important for policy makers and regulators to ensure that banks are exerting enough effort to adhere to the policies, rules, and laws that oversee their business operations. This might be accomplished by forming a committee to supervise adherence to the regulations pertaining to financial inclusion and that it is imperative that regulators ensure that all aspects of financial inclusion are aimed at boosting domestic economic activity and ultimately leading to national economic growth.

The Fabric of Transition: Unraveling the Weave of Labor Dynamics, Economic Structures, and Innovation on Income Disparities in Central and Eastern Europe Nations

In recent years, the issue of income inequality has ascended to the forefront of national and international agendas, underscored by the urgency to navigate the complexities of market-driven economies without exacerbating social disparities. These challenges are particularly pronounced in the post-communist nations of Central and Eastern Europe, where the transition legacy and the marketization forces present unique dynamics in the evolution of income disparities. This research investigates the intricate mechanisms through which marketization impacts income inequality within the Central and Eastern European countries context, aiming to uncover how economic transformations influenced by global sustainability goals can contribute to narrowing the income gap. By employing panel data estimation techniques and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) analysis, this study highlights the enduring nature of income disparities and the critical roles played by economic growth, education investment, labor market reforms, globalization, and governance quality in shaping equitable income distributions. Findings reveal that, despite the competitive nature of market economies potentially creating disparities, strategic policy interventions in education, economic policy, and labor market regulations can mitigate the adverse effects of marketization on income inequality. Additionally, this research emphasizes the importance of strong institutional frameworks and the nuanced role of the informal economy in influencing income distribution dynamics.

How political ideology affects the communication of organizational relations: A social network approach

Organizational political ideology has recently received research attention, as more organizations engage in political activities to influence public policy and political regulation. However, there lacks a focus on interorganizational relationships as part of an organization’s political agenda. This study investigates political ideology as a mechanism of interorganizational relationship-building through politically active organizations’ agenda-building efforts. The study measures organizational political ideology through political donations, and investigates how it affects organizational relationship-building through press releases. We adopt a social network approach to examine interorganizational relationships predicted by the political ideology of the organization and the CEO at both the nodal and structural levels. After a computational analysis of 174,118 press releases by top political organizational donors, the findings show that an organization’s political ideology affected the mentions it received (i.e., in-degree), whereas its CEO’s political ideology affected its mentions of other organizations (i.e., out-degree). Value homophily did not significantly influence interorganizational representational networks, but mutuality and transitivity affected distinct patterns of connections among politically active organizations.

China’s Urban Waste Resource Management Systems: A Case of the Yangtze River Basin

ABSTRACT Urban waste management is vital for environmental protection and sustainable development. Understanding the characteristics and innovative paths of waste management systems in the Yangtze River Delta urban cluster is of significant importance. Analyzing 285 policies implemented from 2003 to 2022, the research employs methods like stage evolution text quantification and network structure analysis to reveal distinct characteristics of policy evolution in urban waste management. The study identifies a four-stage pattern of policy development: policy pilot stage, policy implementation stage, policy regulation stage, and policy dissemination stage. The findings highlight an increasing diversification of policy initiators and improvements in multisector collaboration. The central government plays a pivotal role in guiding urban waste management, while local governments follow suit through demonstration, indicating a preference for individual local autonomy over horizontal joint management.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Mechanisms of Habitat Quality in Nature Reserve Land: A Case Study of 18 Nature Reserves in Hubei Province

The contribution of biodiversity to the global economy, human survival, and welfare has been significantly increasing. However, nature reserves have long been subject to a sequence of ecological environmental issues caused by human activities. Therefore, quantitatively assessing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality due to land use changes and exploring the mechanisms of potential influencing factors can provide a scientific basis for the stable and sustainable development of natural ecosystems. This study aims to analyze 18 nature reserves in Hubei Province to identify the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality within these reserves and to explore the influence of multifactorial dynamics from nature, humanity, and policy on this evolution. Initially, the study utilizes land use transition matrices and land use dynamic degree methods to understand the spatiotemporal characteristics of land conversion within the study area. Subsequently, it analyzes the spatiotemporal changes in habitat quality from 2000–2020 based on the InVEST model and tools like spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) in ArcGIS. Finally, 14 potential influencing factors are selected from natural environment, socio-human, and policy regulation aspects and analyzed in the Geodetector software to understand the factors affecting the spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality. The results show that, during the study period, the land area of 18 nature reserves in Hubei Province increased from 2000 to 2020, while the water area decreased. There were slight increases in farmland, construction land, and forest land, with significant decreases in grassland and water areas. This reveals the erosion of water bodies due to artificial lake filling during rapid urbanization, leading to a decline in overall habitat quality within the reserves and a gradual increase in spatial heterogeneity. Among the influencing factors, single-factor influences such as land use intensity and distance to county roads and slopes have a strong negative linear relationship with habitat quality, with land use intensity being the most significant human activity factor. The interaction strength among different types of influencing factors in the bivariate interaction detection results is ranked as follows: the interaction between natural geographical and socio-human factors > the interaction within socio-human factors > the interaction within natural geographical factors. This study has diverged from the past focus on the selection of a single continuous natural reserve as the empirical subject. Consequently, it allows for an integrated analysis of physical geographical dimensions such as locational topography with socio-cultural and policy elements including land use and transportation facilities, thereby facilitating a multifactorial assessment of the interactive impacts on habitat quality.

The “forever” per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A critical accounting of global research on a major threat under changing regulations

The European Commission's current efforts to launch the largest proposal to restrict per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in history reflect the dire global plight of PFAS accumulation in the environment and their health impacts. While there are existing studies on PFAS research, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis that both covers the entire research period and provides deep insights into global research patterns, incentives, and barriers based on various parameters. We have been able to demonstrate the increasing interest in PFAS research, although citation numbers are declining prematurely. Policy regulations based on proving and establishing the toxicity of PFASs have stimulated research in developed countries and vice versa, with increasing emphasis on ecological aspects. China, in particular, is investing increasingly in PFAS research, but without defining or implementing regulations - with devastating effects. The separation of industrial and environmental research interests is clear, with little involvement of developing countries, even though their exposure to PFAS is devastating. It, therefore, requires increased globally networked and multidisciplinary approaches to address PFAS contamination challenges.

Multicultural-Based Public Policy: The Experience of Indonesia in Managing Diversity for National Resilience

The management of societal diversity through multicultural-based public policies is an interesting issue that is developing in the democratic system of the Indonesian nation today. This research aims to analyze multicultural-based public policy in three elements such as managing diversity, democratic politics, and national identity in strengthening Indonesia's national resilience. Through a study of the intertextuality of documents on multicultural issues, this research analyzes library data related to the policy concepts, regulations, and responses of society to the practice of multicultural policies in the public sector. The findings of this research describe several multicultural policies that are difficult to implement in the democratic political system of Indonesia. It often deals with identity politics based on religion. To strengthen national identity, the Indonesian government applies two essential philosophies in all aspects of national life, namely Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Both contain strong multicultural values as the historical heritage of the Indonesian society which are continuously maintained through the policy of establishing the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (BPIP). Multicultural-based public policies have strengthened national identity, nationalism attitude, social integration of society that supports the resilience of the Indonesian nation for unity in its diversity to date

ESPRAS Survey: National and European Societies for Plastic Surgeons.

The European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (ESPRAS) comprises 40 national societies across Europe. In addition to ESPRAS, there are 8 different European Plastic Surgery societies representing Plastic Surgeons in Europe. The 4th European Leadership Forum (ELF) of ESPRAS, held under the motto "Stronger together in Europe" in Munich in 2023, aimed to collect and disseminate information regarding the national member societies of ESPRAS and European societies for Plastic Surgeons. The purpose was to identify synergies and redundancies and promote improved cooperation and exchange to enhance coordinated decision-making at the European level. An online survey was conducted regarding the organisational structures, objectives and challenges of national and European societies for Plastic Surgeons in Europe. This survey was distributed to official representatives (Presidents, Vice Presidents and General Secretaries) and delegates of national and European societies at the ELF meeting. Missing information was completed using data obtained from the official websites of the respective European societies. Preliminary results were discussed during the 4th ELF meeting in Munich in March 2023. The ESPRAS survey included 22 national and 9 European Plastic Surgery societies representing more than 7000 Plastic Surgeons in Europe. Most national societies consist of less than 500 full members (median 182 members (interquartile range (IQR) 54-400); n=22). European societies, which covered the full spectrum or subspecialities, differed in membership types and congress cycles, with some requiring applications by individuals and others including national societies. The main purposes of the societies include research, representation against other disciplines, specialisation and education as well as more individual goals like patient care and policy regulation. This ESPRAS survey offers key insights into the structures, requirements and challenges of national and European societies for Plastic Surgeons, highlighting the relevance of ongoing close exchange between the societies to foster professional advancement and reduce redundancies. Future efforts of the ELF will continue to further explore strategies for enhancing collaboration and harmonisation within the European Plastic Surgery landscape.

Coordination Analysis of Urban Water-Energy-Food Nexus Based on Policy Regulation

Coordination Analysis of Urban Water-Energy-Food Nexus Based on Policy Regulation

Assessing media mergers and acquisitions: The power pyramids of regulatory cooperation

Due to the media goods’ dual economic and cultural role, merger and acquisition (M&A) assessments are complex and differ from M&As in other sectors. An additional layer of complexity is added to the assessment when various authorities are involved. An even more complicated matter is when the authorities have different remits. These authorities mostly comprise National Competition Authorities that enforce competition law, focused on economic considerations, and National Regulatory Authorities that enforce and oversee the application of media law, focused not only on setting rules and limitations on the media market but also on considering non-economic elements such as plurality. In certain countries, ministries and government authorities can intervene in these assessments. There have been discussions on the need for cooperation between authorities, however, mostly at the international level. Thus, little is known about the current cooperation procedures at the national level. The article proposes a typology of cooperation at the EU member states level and the United Kingdom and introduces the concept of the ‘power pyramid’ to represent the hierarchical relationships between authorities. Cooperation proves that competition policy and media-specific regulation are intertwined and are complementary. Furthermore, the article shows that having more than one authority assessing media M&As leads to media pluralism being more often explicitly one of the criteria used in the assessments, and thus providing a more holistic approach.

Technostress Phenomenon as a Silent Impact of ICT Era: Case Study Indonesian Female Civil Servants

The transition of work systems from traditional systems to information, communication and technology (ICT)-based work systems after Covid 19 has had certain impacts on employees in all government offices in the world. The implementation of the work from home (WFH) policy established by a number of government offices in Indonesia is a reasonable decision to anticipate the spread of Covid 19 and implement a new normal work system. The transition from traditional work systems to new ICT-based and online work systems has had a direct and indirect impact on human life, especially civil servants in government offices in Indonesia. There are silent actors who are most affected, suchus women or mothers employee, because they have dual roles, household work and office work. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that driving technostress in female civil servants when working ICT-based or online. The study aims to carry out advocacy and provide recommendations for solutions to related parties. This research method uses a qualitative approach. The research analysis show that there are several factors that trigger technostress in female civil servants in Indonesia, such as unlimited working hours, when children or family members are sick, have to caring babies or toddlers while working virtually, technological capabilities issue, signal and network issue, limited facilities during WFH, unavailability of household assistants/caregivers, and so on. Based on the results of research and data analysis, this research recommends that even though WFO or WFH with working ICT -base system are implemented, the Indonesian Government must continue to make policy regulations regarding maximum working time hours for civil servants, especially female researchers in Indonesia. This is to avoid excessive and inefficient working time which can result in technostress. The ICT work system teaches us to change our lifestyle by prioritizing health and a balanced work system.

Positive tipping points for the sustainable growth of bivalve shellfish mariculture in England and Wales

Shellfish mariculture, the farming of marine bivalve shellfish, is a highly sustainable form of food production, which contributes significantly to the rural, coastal economies of England and Wales, and has considerable potential for growth. To unlock this potential, we explored the application of the positive tipping points (PTP) framework in an invited stakeholder workshop comprising key policy makers, regulators, industry representatives and academic researchers. Stakeholders mapped environmental and socio-economic factors constraining shellfish mariculture and identified key opportunities (leverage points) for positive intervention. The workshop focused on five case studies from southwest England addressing key constraints identified for the shellfish industry, including “licencing”, “spatial planning” and/or “classification” of shellfish sites and cultured species. These case studies presented new data on the effectiveness of a range of interventions: i) catchment scale, and ii) nature-based, solutions for water quality management in the Exe estuary; iii) risk-based methods for assuring shellfish quality/safety in the Camel estuary; iv) evidence gathering on ecosystem services (habitat provisioning) by shellfish mariculture in Lyme Bay and, v) policy developments on licencing of Pacific oysters in England. Stakeholders highlighted opportunities for new guidance, innovative tools and technology to aid environmental monitoring, regulation and quality assurance for shellfish mariculture and for tradeable ecosystem services beyond food production (including nutrient regulation, coastal protection and habitat provisioning). These and other interventions identified by stakeholders (including product diversification and market development) were then prioritised and sequenced for optimal implementation. Actions, actors and enabling conditions were identified using the PTP framework to realise prioritised opportunities.

Effects of COVID-19 Policy on Air Quality in Lagos State, Nigeria

The decrease in air quality has been a major concern in the world for decades, and it has continued to worsen with toxic gases accumulating at exponential rates. The atmosphere has been heavily polluted as a result of anthropogenic activities, and these activities were greatly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic when a lockdown policy was imposed. The study area, Lagos, is the state in Nigeria with the highest population count, making it most susceptible to the spread of the coronavirus and, as such, having the strictest policy regulations. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown policy on air quality in Lagos State. The study adopted geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Goggle Earth Engine (GEE) and Sentinel 5P (S5P) TROPOMI dataset were used to obtain results for carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), aerosols (particulate matter), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) through JavaScript coding for the year before the lockdown (2019), the year of the lockdown (2020), and the year after the lockdown (2021). Results from the study revealed that the year 2020 had lower concentrations of aerosols and NO2, which increased in 2021 when human and vehicular activities were back to normal. SO2 and CO concen-trations were higher in the year 2020 than in year 2019 and 2021, suggesting that the COVID-19 lockdown was loosely implemented. It is recommended that policymakers invest in green technologies such as solar systems to minimize emissions, enforce strict emission standards for industries and vehicles to limit the release of air pollutants.

Deep Learning-Based Carbon Emission Forecasting and Peak Carbon Pathways in China’s Logistics Industry

As a major energy-consuming industry, energy conservation and emission reduction in the logistics industry are critical to China’s timely achievement of its dual-carbon goals of “carbon peaking” by 2030 and “carbon neutrality” by 2060. Based on deep learning, Random Forest (RF) was used to screen out the key factors affecting carbon emissions in the logistics industry, and the Whale Algorithm-optimized Radial Basis Function Neural Network (WOA-RBF) was proposed. The Monte Carlo simulation predicted the future evolution trends of each key factor under the three scenarios of baseline scenario (BAU), policy regulation scenario (PR), and technological breakthrough scenario (TB) and accurately predicted the carbon emission trends of the logistics industry from 2023 to 2035 by using the most probable future values of each influencing factor as inputs to the WOA-RBF prediction model. The results of the study demonstrate that fixed asset investment (LFI), population (P), total energy consumption (E), energy consumption per unit of value added of the logistics industry (EIL), share of oil consumption (OR), and share of railway freight turnover (RTR) are the key factors influencing the logistics industry’s carbon emissions. Monte Carlo simulations can effectively reflect the uncertainty of future changes in these key factors. In comparison to the BAU and PR scenarios, the TB scenario, with the combined incentives of national policy regulation and technology innovation, is the most likely for the logistics industry to meet the “Peak Carbon” goal baseline scenario.

Perspektif Human Rights Principles Dalam Penetapan Jabatan Fungsional Guru Sebagai Pegawai Pemerintah Dengan Perjanjian Kerja (PPPK)

This research aims to discuss the importance of upholding human rights principles (HRP) in teacher profession policies, particularly regarding the appointment of Functional Teacher positions as PPPK civil servants. This study employs a juridical-normative method with a human rights-based approach to evaluate related policy regulations. The research findings indicate that the designation of the Functional Teacher Position as a PPPK civil servant violates HRP principles such as equality, interconnectedness, and non-discrimination. Therefore, a re-evaluation of this policy is necessary, considering HRP principles, and reinstating the status of the Functional Teacher Position as PNS civil servants in the SSCASN process. This research is descriptive, utilizing data from legislation, books, and scholarly articles related to HRP. Thus, understanding and respecting HRP principles are crucial in establishing teacher profession-related policies.

Development of Web Based Employee Leave Management Information System at PT Sarana Kreasindo Teknologi

An employee is someone who works or has worker status in an organization, company orgovernment agency. This individual has the responsibility to carry out the duties and obligations that havebeen determined by the rules and policies that apply in the workplace. Meanwhile, leave is a period of timewhere an employee is given permission not to come to work for a certain period of time. Providing leave is aprivilege given to employees as part of company policy or applicable employment regulations. The researchmethod used to create a web-based leave application system with research method that can be used is thesystem development method. This method involves steps such as requirements analysis, system design,implementation, testing, and evaluation. With research inti the development of a web based leave managementrecorded in a systematic and perfectly monitored manner in a database.