Policy Regulation Research Articles

Sustainable Development Strategies and Assessment for the KYCAI Artificial Island Project in Hong Kong

This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the sustainable development strategies and assessments for the Kau Yi Chau Artificial Islands (KYCAI) project in Hong Kong. The project aims to provide about 1,000 hectares of land to meet Hong Kong's medium and long-term land demands, enhancing its competitiveness as a financial and commercial center. The study focuses on the project's environmental impact and carbon emissions, providing improvement recommendations to enhance overall sustainability. Key areas include protecting natural ecosystems and restoring biodiversity during the island's construction, optimizing the implementation of low-carbon and clean energy projects, and integrating sustainability principles throughout the project's lifecycle. The government should also assume environmental leadership by combining policy regulations with communication across various stakeholders, ensuring the project achieves sustainable economic, social, and environmental development, laying a solid foundation for Hong Kong's future growth.

Legislative support for the public policy of national memory in Ukraine

The implementation of legislative support for public policy on national memory in Ukraine is realised through the enactment of legislative acts, including the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian laws. The country's prevailing political situation and social moods have primarily shaped it. This article aims to examine the legislative framework of Ukraine (1991-2024) that facilitates the formation and implementation of public policy on national memory within the state. The study demonstrates that active legislation has occurred over the past ten years and continues to the present day. It is established that the legislative base in the sphere of national memory comprises conceptual, organisational, and regulatory acts, which delineate the scope of their functionality. Significant achievements have been made in the legislative support of public policy on national memory in Ukraine. It is evident that the issue of adopting a special law that would define the fundamental principles of national memory policy in Ukraine, ensuring comprehensive regulation of its formation and implementation, still needs to be solved. The completeness of memory policy regulation at all levels of the administrative system is defined, and problematic issues are identified. The necessity for enhancing the legislative framework supporting public policy on national memory in Ukraine is revealed.

PANDANGAN AL-QUR'AN TENTANG SOLUSI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM MELALUI PENDEKATAN TAFSIR TEMATIK

This research aims to reveal the Al-Qur'an's views on solutions to poverty alleviation in Muslim families and communities, by identifying and classifying Al-Qur'an verses that discuss poverty and solutions to its alleviation in the contemporary era. The research method used is a literature study with secondary data sourced from verses of the Al-Qur'an and their interpretations, using a descriptive analytical approach. In the discussion it was revealed that the Qur'an offers several concrete and holistic solutions in overcoming poverty, which includes economic, social and spiritual aspects, including: Implementation of the zakat, infaq and alms and waqf systems as a means of economic equality and philanthropy in Islam, In this way, there will be an integration of spiritual and material aspects in alleviating poverty. The application of Al-Qur'an solutions in alleviating poverty starts from the individual, family, community level, up to the state level as a policy regulator.

Policy Conflicts in The Legality of Alcohol Investment Licenses: An Advocacy Coalition Framework Perspective

The phenomenon of policy conflicts that emerge in society and policy change requires an examination of the policies that are the focus of this research. With a focus on the dynamic nature and process of stakeholder-generated policies, identification is conducted over the long term, emphasizing conflict. The alcohol investment policy generated many pros and cons, prompting the government to intervene and later cancel the policy. When considering the identification of policy conflicts through the lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, it is important to examine the severity and speed of policy change. The findings of this study show that investment policies only fulfill economic requirements, ignoring all other considerations and standards. To support the social fabric of society, policy regulations are needed that accommodate all interests and produce win-win solutions. From upstream to downstream, alcohol circulation can be regulated using a comprehensive strategy. Policy conflicts are evaluated based on their nature, intensity, and causes through the lens of context and events.

Effectiveness of restructuring strategies: empirical evidence from Croatian firms

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of restructuring actions on the probability of post pre-bankruptcy success. The main research problem is the selection of the most efficient restructuring strategies with the objective of determining which restructuring actions contribute to the probability of successful recovery. Logistic regression model is employed with various specifications added to confirm the robustness of data and results. Research results reveal that financial and managerial restructuring strategies increase the likelihood of success after initiating the pre-bankruptcy. These findings can have practical implications for managers when deliberating on the selection of restructuring strategies, but also to policy makers and regulators when considering the legal framework and other measures for corporate distress resolution mechanism. Contribution of the paper is contained in empirically testing the impact of categorized restructuring strategies on the post pre-bankruptcy success of Croatian firms.

Diskursus Pengujian Peraturan Kebijakan (Beleidsregel) oleh Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara

The policy rule, or beleidsregel, is a legal instrument derived from a discretionary legal authority known as freies Ermessen. Unlike legislation and decisions, which are grounded in formal legal principles, policy regulation is based on the principle of discretion. However, in the evolution of administrative law in Indonesia, the use of discretionary power has become more formalized, blurring the lines between policy rules based on discretion and statutory regulations. Despite this, the review and testing of policy regulations continue to rely on general principles of good governance. This reliance makes it challenging for judicial institutions to review or annul policy regulations if they infringe upon citizens’ rights. This paper employs a juridical-normative method, incorporating conceptual-theoretical, statutory, and comparative approaches, to evaluate and propose how the state can safeguard citizens’ rights violated by policy rules. It also examines whether the judiciary should have the authority to review policy rules. The study concludes that an appropriate mechanism should be established between the reviewing body and the standards for evaluating policy rules. Furthermore, the judiciary should have the discretion to determine the standards for policy regulations, whether by applying general principles of good governance or by also considering laws and regulations that a policy regulation might violate.

Land Green Utilization Efficiency and Its Driving Mechanisms in the Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area

Improving land green use efficiency is of great significance for promoting high-quality economic development and promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. In this study, the super-efficiency SBM model with non-expected output was used to measure the level of land green use efficiency at county scale in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area from 2005 to 2020. Based on this, the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial agglomeration characteristics were analyzed. Finally, the driving mechanisms were revealed by using the geographical detector model. The results were as follows: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the land green use efficiency of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area fluctuated from 0.5329 to 0.5164, with an average annual decline rate of 0.21%, exhibiting three stages: decline, rise, then another slight decline. At the city level, Luohe City had the highest land green use efficiency, while Zhengzhou City had the lowest. (2) The land green use efficiency of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area showed a significant spatial positive correlation, Moran’s I index increased from 0.1472 to 0.2991, and the spatial agglomeration effect was continuously enhanced. On the local scale, high-high (H-H) aggregation and low-low (L-L) aggregation were dominant, high-high (H-H) aggregation areas were mainly distributed in the southwest and southeast of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area, and low-low (L-L) aggregation areas were mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area. (3) There is heterogeneity in the degree of influence of different driving factors on land green use efficiency in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area, which is ranked as topographic relief (X7) > forest coverage rate (X8) > social consumption (X6) > industrial structure (X3) > urbanization rate (X2) > economic development (X1) > industrial added value scale (X5) > financial expenditure (X4). q values were 0.1856, 0.1119, 0.1082, 0.0741, 0.0673, 0.0589, 0.0492 and 0.0430, respectively. The interaction of two factors can enhance the explanatory power of land green use efficiency in the Zhengzhou metropolitan area. Except for the interaction of topographic relief and forest coverage rate, the other factors all show double factor enhancement. The explanatory power of the interaction between topographic relief and urbanization rate is the strongest, at 0.3513. In the future, policy regulation should be carried out from the perspectives of the interaction of social and economic conditions such as improving forest coverage rate, improving consumption power, optimizing industrial structure and improving land green use mechanisms to promote the improvement of land green use efficiency.

Research on factors influencing housing prices in Beijing

This paper delves into the issue of soaring housing prices in Chinas real estate sector, with a particular focus on Beijing. Employing a multiple linear regression model, it conducts an empirical analysis to identify the factors influencing housing prices. Furthermore, it synthesizes scholarly perspectives to offer a comprehensive discussion on these influencing factors. The research highlights Beijings real estate development, residential investment, and residential sales area as pivotal determinants of housing prices. Building upon these findings, the study advocates for the implementation of effective measures such as land policy regulation and restrictions on real estate transactions to guide the real estate market development prudently and maintain housing prices within a rational range. Results show that real estate development residential investment has a significant positive impact on housing prices, while residential sales area has a significant negative impact. Ultimately, the research endeavors to furnish a scientific foundation for policy formulation and assess its impact, thereby fostering the healthy growth of the real estate market, ensuring stable economic progress, and enhancing the well-being of people.

Does macro-prudential regulation lead to low interest rate? An empirical analysis based on the transnational panel model

Based on a simple theoretical analysis, this paper constructs a transnational panel model based on the macroeconomic variable data of 131 countries from 2007 to 2020 for empirical analysis, so as to systematically explore the potential impact of macro-prudential policy regulation on the evolution of interest rates. It is found that the nominal interest rate of developed economies is closer to the lower bound of interest rate than that of underdeveloped economies, and the implementation of macro-prudential policies in the world generally shows a tightening trend, and the tightening degree of macro-prudential policies in developed economies is higher. Macro-prudential regulation has significantly exacerbated the evolution of global low interest rates, but the interest rate evolution of different types of economies is heterogeneous under the influence of macro-prudential regulation, especially in developed economies. Based on these insights, the paper proposes several policy recommendations: firstly, strengthen the precision of the implementation of macro-prudential policies to avoid “one-size-fits-all” policy implementation; secondly, refine macro-prudential policy regulation to be more scientific and prevent policy overshoots that could inadvertently harm the real economy; thirdly, attach great importance to the potential constraints of the low interest rate environment, and use diversified means to get rid of the lower bound of the nominal interest rate.

Studi Komparasi Pendidikan Karakter di Indonesia dan Jepang

This research aims to analyze the comparison of the implementation and cultivation of character education between Indonesia and Japan. The focus of the study is on approaches and applications in formal and non-formal education as well as the influence of the community environment on character education in two countries. The research method used is a qualitative research method using a library approach or better known as library research. The data sources for this research come from research results, government policies related to character education in these two countries. The research results explain that the basis of character education in Indonesia is state ideology, customs and culture, religious values, government rules and policies. Likewise, in Japan the basis for character education is cultural values, state ideology and government policy regulations. Approaches to character education in Indonesia include the value instillation approach, learning approach, example, and habituation. Whereas in Japan, among other things, the approach tends to be habituation, for the Japanese people, character is not taught but is used to it. The influence of community support on character education in Indonesia and Japan greatly influences the ethics produced by students.

Navigating the ethical terrain of AI in higher education: Strategies for mitigating bias and promoting fairness

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming higher education by enhancing personalized learning and academic support, yet they pose significant ethical challenges, particularly in terms of inherent biases. This review critically examines the integration of AI in higher education, underscoring the dual aspects of its potential to innovate educational paradigms and the essential need to address ethical implications to avoid perpetuating existing inequalities. The researchers employed a methodological approach that analyzed case studies and literature as primary data collection methods, focusing on strategies to mitigate biases through technical solutions, diverse datasets, and strict adherence to ethical guidelines. Their findings indicate that establishing an ethical AI environment in higher education is imperative and involves comprehensive efforts across policy regulation, governance, and education. The study emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the complexities of AI bias, highlighting how policy, regulation, governance, and education play pivotal roles in creating an ethical AI framework. Ultimately, the paper advocates for continuous vigilance and proactive strategies to ensure that AI contributes positively to educational settings, stressing the need for robust frameworks that integrate ethical considerations throughout the lifecycle of AI systems to ensure their responsible and equitable use.

Assessing the Role and Future of the Tax Court Post-MK Decision No. 26PUU-XXI2023

Taxation, as a fundamental component of the system of cooperation, serves as a financial resource to underpin governmental financing and expenditure while also acting as an instrument for the regulation of social and economic policies aimed at promoting equitable welfare. The process of tax collection occasionally engenders inequities for taxpayers; consequently, Law 14 of 2002 instituted the Tax Court as an autonomous judicial entity designated for the adjudication of tax-related disputes. Notwithstanding its establishment, the Tax Court encounters significant challenges, notably the dualism of authority wherein the Supreme Court provides technical guidance. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance oversees organizational, administrative, and financial directives. In the Constitutional Court's Decision (MK) Number 26/PUU-XXI/2023, the regulation pertaining to the oversight of the Tax Court was deemed inconsistent with Article 24, paragraphs (1) and (2) of the 1945 Constitution, prompting the Constitutional Court to impose a deadline of December 31, 2026, for the consolidation of the Tax Court's guidance authority under the auspices of the Supreme Court. Consequently, this research endeavours to scrutinize the role and prospective trajectory of the Tax Court alongside the measures necessary to effectuate the transfer of guidance authority in alignment with constitutional mandates. Hence, the author has entitled this study "Measuring the Role and Future of the Tax Court after the Constitutional Court Decision Number 26/PUU-XXI/2023." The questions posed for investigation are: What is the Role and Position of the Tax Court as delineated by the Tax Court Law, and what is the Role and Future of the Tax Court subsequent to the Constitutional Court Decision (Number 26/PUU-XXI/2023)? To address these inquiries, the author employs a qualitative writing methodology complemented by a normative legal perspective.

Conceptualizing the Commercialization of Human Milk: A Concept Analysis.

Donor human milk is recommended when infants are unable to be fed their mother's own milk or require supplementation. For-profit companies use technologies to create human milk products for infants in the neonatal intensive care setting without consistent guidelines and regulatory frameworks in place. This commercialization of human milk is inadequately conceptualized and ill-defined. The aim of this study is to conceptualize and define the commercialization of human milk and discuss the need for policy guidelines and regulations. Using a concept analysis framework, we reviewed the literature on the commercialization of human milk, analyzed the antecedents and potential consequences of the industry, and developed a conceptual definition. The literature review resulted in 13 relevant articles. There has been a surge in the development and availability of human milk products for vulnerable infants developed by for-profit companies. Commercialized human milk can be defined as the packaging and sale of human milk and human milk components for financial gain. Factors contributing to the commercialization of human milk include an increased demand for human milk, and consequences include potential undermining of breastfeeding. The lack of guidelines and regulations raises concerns of equity, ethics, and safety. The industry is rapidly growing, resulting in an urgent need for consistent guidelines and regulatory frameworks. If left unaddressed, there could be potential risks for donor milk banking, the future of breastfeeding, and infant and maternal health.

UK’s Social Stock Exchange: Unlocking the Effect of Its Closure on Total Factor Productivity of Social Enterprises

This study delves into the after-effects of the closure of Social Stock Exchange in the UK (UKSSE) on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Social Enterprises (SEs) which were members of the UKSSE. Through the lens of a Difference-in-Differences (DID) framework, this study sheds light on the impact of the closure on TFP of the UKSSE member-firms (Treated Group) as compared to non-members (Control Group) for the 2015–2018 and the 2019–2020 periods, before & post the closure of the UKSSE in 2018, having firm, year, and industry-specific characteristics as controls. The research findings indicate significant TFP loss for SEs belonging to SMEs category on UKSSE as compared to their counterparts. Thus, with the closure of UKSSE, TFP of SMEs (Treated group) decreased more than SMEs (Control group), reflecting the challenges faced in the absence of dedicated SSE support. This study provides valuable insights into the adverse consequences of the closure, informing policy makers and regulators that reintroducing an SSE, built as a regulated trading platform, will be an important initiative especially for the SEs belonging to SME category in the UK. Drawing on this study, decision makers and regulators situated in other parts of the world too can consider setting up an SSE in their country.

Community-Based Waste Management in The Township PT. Bukit Asam, Tanjung Enim, Indonesia

Community-based waste management in the PT. Bukit Asam Township, Tanjung Enim, is essential. This study involved 67 respondents residing in the Township. A mixed-method approach was used, including interviews, observations, and SWOT analysis. The results indicate that residents are actively engaged in waste containment, with most households (85%) disposing of all waste without sorting. Only a small percentage reuse items (5%) and compost (2%). The average waste generated per socioeconomic group exceeds the standards set by SNI 3242-2008. Community-based waste management at PT. Bukit Asam has the potential for success due to active participation and company support. The SWOT analysis reveals strengths in participation, company support, education, and a structured system but weaknesses in dependence on participation and funding, and limitations in human resources and infrastructure. Opportunities include government support, new technologies, and collaboration with NGOs, while threats arise from policy changes, social issues, regulations, environmental impacts, and disasters. Improvement strategies include initial assessments, stakeholder mapping, awareness enhancement, facility provision, supervision, monitoring, incentives, periodic evaluations, and continuous innovation. With these strategies, the program is expected to be effective and sustainable, address waste issues, create new economic opportunities, and serve as a model for other communities.

Carbon neutrality transformation pathway in ecoregions: An empirical study of Chongming District, Shanghai, China

In the context of global efforts to address climate change, research into regional carbon neutrality strategies has become especially critical. For developing countries and regions, it is essential to scientifically and rationally assessing the paths for small-scale regional transformations under carbon neutrality imperatives to effectively implement low-carbon transition measures. This study utilizes Chongming District in Shanghai of China as a case to establish a framework for forecasting carbon emission and sink from a multi-dimensional natural-social perspective. This facilitates the simulation and optimization of pathways for carbon neutrality transformation. The results indicate: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total regional carbon emission exhibited a rising trend, while the total carbon sink initially declined then increased, indicating potential enhancement zone with significant potential and space for carbon neutrality development. (2) Enhanced management of ecological spaces and land use planning result in notable increases in carbon sink. Strategic measures such as emission and consumption reductions, alongside energy transitions, effectively controlled carbon emission growth and facilitated comprehensive decarbonization. (3) By combining ecological priority with enhanced control and balanced development with enhanced control, the region can achieve carbon neutrality. This showcases the effective role of policy regulation in facilitating high-quality carbon–neutral transformations. (4)Effective ecosystem management along with robust reduction and transition strategies enable county-level carbon–neutral transformations, offering a model and methodological support for other developing regions facing the twin challenges of economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Measuring Intellectual Capital Performance of Indian Private Sector Banks Using WASPAS

Indian private sector banks are currently showing excellent performance. Their success is largely attributed to strong management practises, customer-centric strategies, technical breakthroughs, and risk management techniques. Indian private sector banks are quickly adopting digital transformation, responding to shifting market circumstances, and providing cutting-edge banking solutions. This has aided in expanding their customer base and raising client contentment. To inspire client confidence, they have also concentrated on enhancing service quality, offering individualised services, and putting in place robust security measures. Policy makers, regulators, and business experts can benefit from studies regarding the performance of Indian private sector banks and a knowledge of the elements that contribute to their growth and success. This makes it possible for them to locate best practises and methods that may be used repeatedly to enhance the general wellbeing and effectiveness of the banking industry. Comparative evaluations with public sector banks are possible by investigating the efficiency of private sector banks. The usefulness of various ownership structures and management philosophies in promoting financial performance, client satisfaction, and general competitiveness is evaluated through this comparison. The Weighted Aggregate Product Assessment (WASPAS) approach is a making decisions methodology which employs the Weighted Sum Model (WSM) as well as the Weighted Product Model (WPM) to rank and evaluate alternatives based on many criteria, each of which is weighted to reflect its relative relevance. An overall rating for each alternative is then determined by evaluating and combining the criteria utilising either additive or multiplicative techniques. This strategy enables decision-makers to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of each criterion among the possibilities. KAL has got first ranking and KMB has got lowest ranking in the Indian private sector banks. In this paper, The Performance of Indian private sector banks KAL has got first ranking and KMB has got lowest ranking.

Spatio-temporal pattern evolution of green development efficiency in Northeastern China and its driving factors

Scientific analysis of green development efficiency is crucial for promoting healthy green development at home. The subjects of this study were 181 counties in three provinces in Northeast China. As a first step, the Super-SBM model is utilized to estimate the efficiency of 181 counties from 2006 to 2020; in addition, spatial autocorrelation analysis is applied to assess green development efficiency, spatially and temporally, of 181counties; and to examine the driving factors and spillover effects associated with the efficiency of 181 counties, the Spatial Durbin model (SDM) is utilized. The conclusions show that 181 counties have low levels of green development efficiency and are all on a downward trajectory. Liaoning Province has the highest level, Jilin Province has the second highest level, and Heilongjiang Province has the lowest level. According to the geographical distribution, the locations with high and very high green development efficiency are roughly located in Mohe City, Huma County, Xunke County, Daqing Municipal District, Harbin Municipal District, Changchun Municipal District, Wafangdian City, Dalian Municipal District, and Zhuanghe City. There is a favorable spatial connection of efficiency across regions, but the positive spatial agglomeration trend first diminishes and then gradually increases. Economic development, industrial structure, policy regulations, and environmental protection play significant roles in economic development, industrial structure, policy regulations, and environmental protection. The contribution of this essay is of paramount importance for understanding the status quo and potential for green development in different counties in Northeast China and for realizing coordinated regional green development.

Protection of consumer rights in the practice of the EU court

Introduction. The paper highlights the issues of implementation of consumer protection mechanisms at two hierarchically subordinate levels – international and national. It is given the generalization of separately analyzed cases illustrating the proper practical implementation of consumer protection at the level of the EU Court of Justice. It is provided a generalized view of how theoretical consolidation of the rules meets the requirements of the present. The purpose of the paper is to present the practical results of the analysis of the European consumer protection system at the supranational and national levels of the EU. To do so, the following tasks need to be accomplished: to define the legislative regulation of European consumer policy and its basic principles, to outline the procedure for legislative regulation of consumer issues by the EU supranational institutions, to analyze the case law of the EU Court of Justice and to identify further trends in legal regulation in this area. Results. It is emphasized that it is the European Union that serves as a priority for the national systems of its member states. It is found that the States clearly follow the principles enshrined in certain Directives, but often face difficulties in interpretation, since not all the rules have been implemented in accordance with the fluidity of the modernized world, and therefore there is a need to apply to the Court of Justice of the European Union for a broader explanation. Despite certain difficulties, new mechanisms are increasingly being introduced to ensure the effectiveness of consumer protection at the international level. In particular, the doctrinal positions of individual scholars play an important role, which, in turn, are implemented in practice. Conclusion. It is noted that it is important to harmonize the national legislation of the Member States and the European legislation, since only then can the consumer protection sphere be properly regulated. In general, it is noted that the issue of building and maintaining consumer confidence in the market is a key one for European consumer policy. It cannot be ensured in the presence of unfair, aggressive and openly fraudulent trade practices, so the system must have a sufficient range of effective tools, both state and non-state, to prevent them.

Can machine learning predict environmental attitudes and beliefs?

ABSTRACT Beliefs and attitudes regarding climate change significantly influence public support for environmental policy regulations and willingness to engage in voluntary actions. This paper endeavours to forecast public perceptions concerning global warming, anthropogenic climate change, support for environmental tax policies, and the inclination to purchase energy-efficient home appliances. Leveraging data from the European Social Survey, we employ four machine learning techniques to anticipate individuals’ environmental beliefs and attitudes. Across various settings, our analysis achieves an accuracy of over 70% in identifying environmentally conscious respondents.