Regular Work Research Articles

Повышение энергетической эффективности грузовых электровозов семейства «Ермак» путем модернизации при заводском ремонте

Purpose: The present research purpose is the development of technical solutions on freight electric locomotives of “Yermak” family in the course of plant repairs aimed to energetic efficiency rise in a traction mode. Methods: To settle the stated task we applied methods of the following scientific disciplines: electric circuit theory, solid body dynamics, statistical processing of experimental data big arrays; thermal mode TED modeling; programming-apparatus modeling for research of TED work in regular and energy-effective modes (in program package SimInTech basis of domestic creation). Results: We’ve developed scientifically substantiated technical solutions on modernization of multi-motor traction drive of “Yermak” family freight electric locomotives in the course of plant repairs, aimed to energetic effectiveness rise. As a result, there will be achieved the cut of electric energy specific consumption in a traction mode with provision of collector traction motor reliability and working efficiency. Practical importance: Obtaining great economical effect at the expense of cut of energy consumption for a traction. It’s been established that the degree of the use of established capacity of freight electric locomotives on Likhaya-Krimskaya line (profile of 1st-2nd and 3rd type) is unsatisfactory: in traction motor regular working mode, it’s about 0.22 — for trains of 6300 tone mass and 0.12 — for ones with 1750 tone mass. At the expense of DAU algorithm use, by calculating, it’s been proved the possibility of electric locomotive energetic efficiency rise. Economic efficiency is 4.78 million Russian rubles per 1 electric locomotive (180 turns of locomotive per year at price level of 5 R rubles/kW·h.).

Examination of the Contributing Factors to Fatalities in Electrical Trades Due to Contact With Electricity.

The aim of this study was to examine contributing factors to fatalities in electrical occupations due to contact with electricity. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated along with the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test of significance using Occupational Safety and Health Administration data. Cross-tabulation analyses were examined by the Pearson chi-square test of independence. Electricians and electrical power installers/repairers experienced significantly higher proportions of fatalities due to contact with electric current of machine, tool, or light fixture and contact with overhead power lines, respectively. Factors such as accident date, location, union status, project type, cost, electrical event, human factor, part of body, source of injury, and fatality cause, exhibited significant associations with electrical trade fatalities. Fatalities in electrical occupations are attributable to increased exposures to electrical hazards during regular work activities. Strict adherence to safe work practices and procedures is critical to electrical fatality prevention.

Temperature control of battery modules through composite phase change materials with dual operating temperature regions

The phase change material (PCM)-based battery thermal management technology still remains a contradiction of guaranteeing a suitable operating temperature (20–40 ℃) of the batteries under regular working conditions, while avoiding the malfunction of the PCM under high ambient temperature (>40 ℃). Therefore, a novel composite PCM (CPCM) possessing dual phase change temperature regions (PCTRs) is designed herein by in-situ constructing a phase-changeable polymer (PCP) framework in the polyethylene glycol (PEG)/expanded graphite (EG) slurry. As prepared, the lower PCTR at 31.7–42.1 ℃ from the PCP framework provides a latent heat of 35.0 J g−1, while the higher PCTR at 42.1–51.2 ℃ from the PEG offers a latent heat of 68.3 J g−1. Additionally, the nanoscaled PCP framework strongly adsorbs the PEG, preventing the leakage phenomenon (mass loss < 1%), and the uniformly dispersed EG endows the CPCM with a high thermal conductivity of 1.98 W m−1 K−1. In consequence, under the normal ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the lower PCTR effectively keeps the battery module operating within the suitable temperature range of 25.9–34.9 ℃ and with a low temperature difference (ΔT) of 2.4 ℃ at the discharge rate of 1C. For comparison, the battery module adopting classical CPCM with a single PCTR at 40.9–55.1 ℃ demonstrates a much higher temperature range and maximum ΔT at 28.0–40.9 ℃ and 4.8 ℃, respectively. Under the high ambient temperature of 40 ℃, the higher PCTR starts to work like the single PCTR of traditional CPCMs, and controls the Tmax and ΔT of the module below 49.2 and 2.2 ℃ at the discharge rate of 1C, respectively, preventing thermal hazards.

Role of Psychological Contracts in Enhancing Employee Creativity Through Knowledge Sharing: Do Boundary Conditions of Organization's Socialization and Work-Related Curiosity Matter?

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on workers and workplaces across the world while putting regular work practices into disarray. Apart from the obvious effects of COVID-19, the pandemic is anticipated to have a variety of social–psychological, health-related, and economic implications for individuals at work. Despite extensive research on psychological contracts and knowledge sharing, these domains of pedagogic endeavor have received relatively little attention in the context of employee creativity subjected to the boundary conditions of the organization’s socialization and work-related curiosity. This study investigates, empirically, the role of psychological contracts in escalating employee creativity through knowledge sharing by considering the moderating role of an organization’s socialization and work-related curiosity. The response received from 372 employees of the manufacturing sector has been investigated and analyzed through Smart PLS software. The results have revealed that knowledge sharing is mediating the relationship between psychological contract and employee creative performance, whereas the moderators significantly moderate the relationships between psychological contract and knowledge sharing and between knowledge sharing and employee creative performance accordingly. It has also been depicted that the moderating impact shown by both moderators is significantly high.

The impact of major occupational injuries on professional reintegration. A Portuguese medico-legal contribution

Occupational injuries represent an enormous economic impact for victims, respective families, involved institutions and all the community due to professional outcomes. Thus, it is of the utmost importance that medico-legal personal injury assessment and the posterior follow-up of these victims, may allow their concrete damage repair, considering the victims' needs fulfilment and professional reintegration, whenever possible. The main objective of this study is to reflect on the role that legal medicine can play in promoting the professional reintegration of victims of major occupational accidents through the analysis of occupational injuries cases considering the medico-legal examinations performed. A retrospective study was conducted using medico-legal major occupational injuries cases (Partial Permanent Disability ≥40%). Data were collected from two medico-legal assessment moments: (a) personal injury assessment homologated by a labour court 4.8 years on average after occupational injury; (b) medico-legal follow-up for needs and/or Partial Permanent Disability adjustments performed 18.9 years on average after occupational injury. The final sample includes 103 cases. The results showed that in major occupational accidents, permanent long-term outcomes were principally associated with neurological (62.1%) and orthopaedic (52.4%) sequelae. Permanent professional damage parameters assigned by the labour court included Partial Permanent Disability (23.3%), Permanent Absolute Disability for Regular Work (41.7%) and Permanent Absolute Disability for Any Work (35%). Three-dimensional methodology is helpful in predicting Partial Permanent Disability and Permanent Absolute Disability for Any Work. However, three-dimensional methodology did not reveal correlations with Permanent Absolute Disability for Regular Work, and currently 65% of the victims who were considered able to work by the labour court are not professionally active. Thus, these major cases deserve a more detailed medico-legal approach based on concrete information about the professional reality of each victim, especially cases with an eventual Permanent Absolute Disability for Regular Work. Medico-legal Injury Assessment must be based on concrete aspects of the victim's professional reality and not only on permanent disability tables. This calls for an articulation between all institutions working with the victim of occupational injuries and legal medicine to promote recovery and the necessary measures to assure professional rehabilitation.

The paradox of using public social media for work: The influence of after-hours work communication on employee outcomes

This study examined employees’ after-hours work-related social media communication through the lens of their consumption, contribution, creation, and conversation, and it explored in great depth the paradoxes inherent in how employees use public social media for professional purposes outside of normal working hours. Specifically, this study investigated the effect of work-related social media use (WRSMU) outside regular work hours on various employee outcomes. An online survey was conducted with 815 employees in the U.S. The findings revealed two opposing mechanisms through which after-hours WRSMU affected employees’ work engagement. On the one hand, WRSMU was positively related to organizational identification, which in turn positively affected work engagement. On the other hand, after-hours WRSMU also led to more work-family conflict, which in turn decreased work engagement.

P-217 Decreased overall survival after resection for colorectal cancer outside working hours

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide. Emergency presentations occur in up to 30 % of CRC cases. Studies describe a decreased overall survival after emergency surgery. In addition to the critically ill state of the patient, the surgical treatment outside regular working hours might be associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients who underwent an emergency colon resection with a matched pair operated under elective conditions. In this retrospective study perioperative and survival data of all patients undergoing resection for CRC between January 2003 and December 2018 at the Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria were analysed. Patients with an emergency resection at night or on weekends were classified as emergencies and compared to resections performed in regular working hours (elective). For survival analysis matched pairs regarding gender, age and cancer stage out of the elective patients were assigned to the emergency patients. 59 (4.5 %) out of 1 297 patients were classified as emergencies. The median age (range) was 69 (23-101) years. 546 (42.1 %) patients were female, who were significantly older, with a median (range) of 71 (31-101) years vs. 68 (23-97) years in male patients (p= 0.027). 50.8 % of the patients in the emergency group were female compared to 41.7 % in the elective group (p= 0.164). The UICC stage was significantly higher in the emergency group (p= 0.013). After matching the groups, the mean follow-up for survival analysis was 4.7 years. The survival was lower in the emergency group than in the matched elective group with 88.1 % vs. 95.8 % (p= 0.051) after 30 days, 81.4 % vs. 92.4 % (p= 0.021) after 90 days, 72.9 % vs. 86.4 % (p= 0.017) after 1 year, 45.8 % vs. 75.4 % (p< 0,05) after 3 years and 35.6 % vs. 64.4 % (p< 0,05) after 5 years. The overall survival of women was worse in the elective group with a median of 77.7 vs. 105.7 months and better in the emergency group with 34.6 vs. 24.8 months (p= 0.512). Our data show that patients undergoing resection for CRC outside working hours have a decreased overall survival compared to patients after elective resection. Furthermore, female patients have a worse survival than male in the elective setting. These findings confirm the importance of CRC awareness and screening to reduce emergent resections.

A group approach to growing as a principal investigator

Greco et al. describe their experience learning to be more effective and humane PIs. The key to their growth was regular and consistent work with a diverse group of their peers aided by the guidance of an organizational psychologist.

SEASONAL VARIATION IN METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN CROATIAN ADULT POPULATION

Objective: There are many reports on the seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors particularly of blood pressure (BP). Our aim was to analyze association of BP with various meteorological parameters in random sample of general Croatian adult population. Design and method: EHUH -2 study is nation-wide survey (Croatian Science Foundation) on prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in Croatia. In 2018–2021 a random sample of 1321 subjects were enrolled. Office blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured in sitting position using Omron 3 device three times and average BP values were calculated. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) was calculated using validated equation. Meteorological data (mean daily 2 m air temperature – T2m, atmosphere pressure, air humidity measured at meteorological stations according to WMO standards) were collected in Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Results: We found significant difference in systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate and ePWV accorss nalys (Figure 1a and Figure 2), as well significant correlation between all parameters and T2m. (Figure 3 for systolic BP). There is nonsignificant trend in association between systolic BP and air humidity. We failed to find association of diastolic BP, heart rate and ePWV with any of nalysed meteorological parameters. Furthermore, we found inverse association between systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate with T2m i.e. we confirmed seasonal fluctuations (Figure 1b). Conclusions: Our data confirmed findings of seasonal (inverse) variation between BP and T2m. Interestingly, we found association of seasonal variation and ePWV. T2m has impact on long-term BP variability but also on ePWV and should be taken into account in clinical research as well as in regular clinical work.

Confort térmico producido por la vegetación arbórea en el macrocentro de Bahía Blanca (Argentina)

Urban trees are essential since they generate multiple benefits to society, one of them is the mitigation of the urban heat island. The present work aims to obtain the thermal comfort produced by the arboreal vegetation in the downtown area of Bahía Blanca city. For this, Local Climate Zone of the study area was determined according to its characteristics and the percentage of vegetation cover was obtained using the online software I-tree Canopy. A survey of the street trees was also conducted to determine the most representative species. During the summer of 2020, measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were made under the canopy of fifteen trees, at 3:00 p.m., in 15 days typical of this thermal season. Then, by applying the vegetation comfort index, it was found that all the selected trees contribute to improve the thermal comfort of the population. However, there were differences among them, with Platanus acerifolia and Parasenegalia visco standing out for their higher magnitude and their impact on the decrease in air temperature under their canopies. In addition, problems related to street trees were identified and described, and finally proposals were established. These results allow to consider that, given the importance of trees in the urban microclimate, their coverage should be increased in the downtown area in order to contribute to thermal regulation during the summer. The need for regular maintenance work to avoid the problems detected in the roadside trees and to enhance the ecosystem services they provide was confirmed.

Emergency mental health care for chi̇ldren and adolescents outside of regular working hours: 7 years outcomes from a tertiary hospital.

This study aims to define the clinical characteristics and management strategies of children and adolescents presenting with psychiatric crises to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary health care facility outside of working hours, and to identify predictors of multiple ED visits among them. From January 2012 to December 2018, retrospective records of patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms to the ED and examined by a child psychiatrist after 5p.m. on weekdays and for 24h on weekends and public holidays were analyzed. Our sample consisted of 1576 visits and 1364 patient (Female:Male=1.8:1, mean age=14.86±2.72). The most common reason for visits was self-injurious thought or behaviors (SITB), and the most common diagnosis was depression. While depression was statistically more common in girls, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and/or intellectual disability (ASD/ID), psychotic disorders, and bipolar disorder were more common in boys. The forensic evaluation was the most common reason for visits among children younger than 6 years old. Of visits, 23% transferred to hospitalization. A history of mental health contact was the lowest in depression (37.5%), psychosis (34.1%), and substance use disorders (33%). Of patients, 10.8% had multiple visits. A history of mental health contacts, conduct disorder, ASD/ID, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, and dissociative disorder were predictors of multiple visits to ED with psychiatric reasons. Emergency mental health care outside of regular working hours can be a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of serious psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE ON VASCULAR BLOOD FUNCTION AND AEROBIC WORKING CAPACITY IN FEMALE NURSE'S SHIFT WORK

Shift work is a rotating work time outside regular working hours, either rotating with the shift work method. Shift work can cause changes in metabolism, immunological status, and oxidative status that cause inflammation due to changes in circadian rhythm. Nurses, primarily female, in provide 24-hour services also have to do shift work. This study aimed to see the relationship between blood pressure and blood glucose to vascular function and aerobic capacity in female nurses working in hospitals. The research method was descriptive-analytic to know the relationship between blood pressure and glucose to blood vessel function as measured by cGMP and aerobic capacity. Through VO2max, the research sample was selected purposively with inclusion criteria of having worked as female nurses who had worked for at least six months and were aged 20-40 years. The results show that the fasting blood glucose value had more influence on the cGMP value than the MABP value (r= 0.204 vs. 0.034), although the relationship was weak and very weak. The correlation analysis between fasting Blood Glucose and VO2max and Blood Pressure with VO2max shows blood pressure is more significant than fasting Blood Glucose on VO2max (0.105 vs. 0.083) even though the correlation between the two is very weak. It may be because many other factors can influence blood vascular function and aerobic functional capacity.

Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in parents of children with congenital hyperinsulinism

This study aimed to assess mental health, family burden, and quality of life (PQoL) in parents of children with persistent congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). Forty-eight individual CHI parents (75% female) completed self-reported questionnaires and screening tools for anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), PQoL (ULQIE), and family burden (FaBeL). Additional data on sociodemographics, social support, and child- and disease-related data were recorded. 29.8% of parents showed major depressive symptoms and 38.3% had a probable general anxiety disorder, including 20.8% who had both. The family burden was moderate and assessment of PQoL yielded average scores. Neurological impairment in an affected child (p = .002 and p < .001, respectively) and lower working hours (p = .001 and p = .012, respectively) were the strongest predictors of worse GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores. Furthermore, lower working hours (p = .012) and comorbidities in the affected child (p = .007) were significantly associated with lower PQoL. Mothers had worse GAD-7 scores (p = .006) and lower PQoL (p = .035) than fathers. Indication of sleep disturbance was associated with worse PHQ-8 scores (p = .003), higher family burden (p = .039), and reduced PQoL (p = .003). A higher number of caretakers besides parents was associated with decreased family burden (p = .019), improved PQoL (p < .001), and lower scores for anxiety (p = .016) and depressive (p = .021) symptoms. Conclusion: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are alarmingly prevalent in parents of children with CHI. Psychological screening of parents should be initiated to ensure early identification of psychological strains and psychosocial support should be offered as needed. A good support network and regular work activities can improve parental mental health and well-being.What is Known:• Psychosocial strains and reduced quality of life are common in parents of chronically ill children.What is New:• In this first study evaluating mental health, family burden, and quality of life in parents of children with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), symptoms of depression and anxiety were alarmingly prevalent.• Parents of children with CHI should receive regular psychological screening and psychosocial support should be offered as needed. A good support network and regular work activities can improve parental mental health and well-being.

Abstract 231: Patient, Operator, And Procedural Characteristics Of Guidewire Retention As A Complication Of Vascular Catheter Insertion

Introduction: Guidewire retention after intravascular catheter insertion is considered a “never event.” Prior reports attribute this complication to various characteristics including uncooperative patients, operator inexperience, off-hour or emergent insertion, and underutilization of ultrasound guidance. In this descriptive analysis of consecutive events, we assessed the frequency of patient, operator, and procedural factors in guidewire retention. Methods: All consecutive incidents of guidewire retention across 10 hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio from August 2007 to October 2015 were prospectively identified and retrospectively analyzed. Data were manually obtained from the electronic medical records and reviewed for potential contributing factors for guidewire retention including patient, operator, and procedural characteristics. Results: A total of 24 guidewire retention events were identified. Overall, the median age was 74 years, 58% were males, and the median body mass index was 26.5 kg/m 2 . A total of 12 (50%) individuals were sedated during the procedure. Most incidents (10 [42%]) occurred in internal jugular venous access sites. The majority of cases (13 [54%]) were performed or supervised by an attending. Among all cases, 3 (12%) were performed by first-year trainees, 7 (29%) by residents, 3 (12%) by fellows, and 4 (17%) by certified nurse practitioners. Overall, 16 (67%) events occurred during regular working hours (8AM - 5PM). In total, 22 (92%) guidewires were inserted non-emergently, with 2 (8%) during a cardiac arrest. Ultrasound guidance was used in all but 1 case. Conclusion: Guidewire retention can occur even in the presence of optimal patient, operator, and procedural circumstances, highlighting the need for constant awareness of this risk. Efforts to eliminate this important complication will require attention to issues surrounding the technical performance of the procedure.

Effects of Modifiers on the Properties of Asphalt for Sustainable and Improved construction of Flexible Pavements

The need to modify the conventional type flexible pavement came up because of the rising advancement in the commercial heavy vehicles and day by day increasing vehicle density in the roads. This has led to increase in frequent monitoring and regular maintenance work of the flexible pavements. Present paper primarily focuses on two aspects, firstly to increase the life expectancy of the roads and second to build flexible pavement roads sustainably. The use of various modifiers such as plastic, glass, rubber, waste oil and fly ash in conventional pavements were studied and found to provide a way to reduce the use of asphalt and get desired strength of the pavement as per the design requirements in the present study.

Multifunctional farming as successful pathway for the next generation of Thai farmers.

Young farmers play a significant role in sustaining food security and the communities’ and rural areas’ viability. However, as with many countries, Thailand is facing a decline in the number of young farmers who, if not productive and satisfied with their farm business, are likely to exit farming to take advantage of their increased educational level and off-farm job opportunities. Data were collected by interviewing young farmers in the Prachin Buri province, Thailand, with the aim of assessing their reason for farming in the long-term and the type of farming. Farming decisions can be categorised into three types: full-time profit-oriented farming with a focus on rice production (~53%), full-time multifunctional farming in innovative mixed or organic production systems (~23%), and part-time farming where young farmers work off-farm and farm outside regular working hours (~24%). Using path analysis, we investigated which physical and psychological factors affect young farmers’ decisions to pursue these three farming types. The results show that non-monetary farming’s benefits are as important as monetary benefits. Education, farming and regular off-farm work experience, farm production, market and pest problems, and government support directly affect the farming types. These effects were also mediated by attitudes towards farming and net farming income. Young farmers choosing to pursue multifunctional farming have higher incomes, more often apply sophisticated technologies, and farm more sustainably than those choosing the other types of farming. This indicates that a shift from conventional rice production to more diversified production systems using innovative technologies is needed to sustain farming success and retain young people in the farming sector.

Diurnal variations of resting-state fMRI data: A graph-based analysis

Circadian rhythms (lasting approximately 24 h) control and entrain various physiological processes, ranging from neural activity and hormone secretion to sleep cycles and eating habits. Several studies have shown that time of day (TOD) is associated with human cognition and brain functions. In this study, utilizing a chronotype-based paradigm, we applied a graph theory approach on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data to compare whole-brain functional network topology between morning and evening sessions and between morning-type (MT) and evening-type (ET) participants. Sixty-two individuals (31 MT and 31 ET) underwent two fMRI sessions, approximately 1 hour (morning) and 10 h (evening) after their wake-up time, according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. In the global analysis, the findings revealed the effect of TOD on functional connectivity (FC) patterns, including increased small-worldness, assortativity, and synchronization across the day. However, we identified no significant differences based on chronotype categories. The study of the modular structure of the brain at mesoscale showed that functional networks tended to be more integrated with one another in the evening session than in the morning session. Local/regional changes were affected by both factors (i.e., TOD and chronotype), mostly in areas associated with somatomotor, attention, frontoparietal, and default networks. Furthermore, connectivity and hub analyses revealed that the somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual networks covered the most highly connected areas in the morning and evening sessions: the latter two were more active in the morning sessions, and the first was identified as being more active in the evening. Finally, we performed a correlation analysis to determine whether global and nodal measures were associated with subjective assessments across participants. Collectively, these findings contribute to an increased understanding of diurnal fluctuations in resting brain activity and highlight the role of TOD in future studies on brain function and the design of fMRI experiments.

Organizational Support of Working from Home: Aftermath of COVID-19 from the Perspective of Workers and Leaders

(1) The objective of this study is to analyze working from home (WFH) arrangements implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. We are focusing on: 1. The main challenges and differences in WFH arrangements, compared to regular work before the pandemic. 2. The scope of WFH workload and its potential negative effects on workers’ well-being and reconciliation of work and family. 3. Organizational support to workers WFH, including communication with co-workers, IT specialists, and leaders, and required competence to perform WFH. 4. Organization support of work process, including data access, provision of IT, and work supervision. (2) The research is based on structured interviews with 102 employees and leaders of WFH in the second wave of COVID-19 in Slovenia. (3) Results strongly confirm previous research and emphasize that the pandemic has suddenly completely changed the WFH by placing a much greater accent on work–family reconciliation, communication among co-workers and leaders, work organization, workload, and organizational support. (4) Identified WFH practices developed during the pandemic will help individuals and businesses to optimize WFH and hybrid work, which is on the rise.

THE EVALUATION OF WORK COMPETENCE OF OFFICERS IN TRI RUKUN VILLAGE, WONOSARI DISTRICT, BOALEMO REGENCY

ABSTRACT&#x0D; This research aims to find out the competence of the work of the apparatus in Tri Rukun Village, Wonosari district of Boalemo regency.&#x0D; This research method uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study were through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of the apparatus in the village government of Tri Rukun village.&#x0D; The results of this study show that the work competence possessed by the apparatus in the village of Tri Rukun has not been optimal. This can be seen from the aspect of knowledge that every apparatus has not been good, including the education and understanding of village officials related to their jobs, further training, and education needs to be done to increase the knowledge of the apparatus. Related to the aspect of the average skill of the village apparatus still has low skills, both in technical skills, skills in community service, and conceptual skills, so it is necessary to hold village apparatus training and placement of officers according to their divisions. In terms of attitude is still not good, it is caused by the lack of sympathy of the apparatus to the orders of the village head, the discipline of the work of the apparatus has not been maximal, the existence of some less social officers, and awareness in the implementation of jobs has not been full. For this reason, the village government needs to be more firm against the regulations that have been set and conduct regular work evaluations.

The most serious incident-Experiences of aggression and violence in ophthalmology

HintergrundErfahrungen von Aggressionen/Gewalt beeinflussen die Arbeitszufriedenheit und können die Mitarbeiter psychisch und physisch langfristig belasten. Im Herbst 2018 führten der Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V. (BVA) und die Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft e. V. (DOG) eine Umfrage zu Erfahrungen von Aggressionen und Gewalt durch. Die ersten Ergebnisse wurden 2020 veröffentlicht. In der Umfrage konnte zudem der bislang schwerwiegendste Vorfall unter anderem durch Freitextfelder geschildert werden.MethodikAlle 9411 Mitglieder von DOG und BVA erhielten 2018 die Möglichkeit, online einen Fragebogen zu Aggressionen und Gewalt in der Augenheilkunde auszufüllen.ErgebnisseEs berichteten 253 von 1508 (16,8 %) an der Umfrage teilgenommenen Ophthalmologen über ihren schwerwiegendsten Vorfall, der zu 46,8 % als mittelschwer eingestuft wurde und zu 34,3 % verbale Gewalt wie Beleidigung und Bedrohung umfasste. Den schwerwiegendsten Vorfall erlebten 171 (67,6 %) Ärzte in einer Praxis; 71 % waren zum Tatzeitpunkt Fachärzte. Die Vorfälle ereigneten sich zu 74,3 % in der regulären Arbeitszeit. Ursachen waren v. a. interkulturelle Konflikte, lange Wartezeiten, Probleme bei der Terminvergabe, zu hohe Erwartungshaltung, Behandlungsdifferenzen oder eine Grundaggressivität. Dabei waren die Täter zu 86,3 % männlich. Bei 15,8 % der Vorfälle erfolgte eine polizeiliche Meldung; 21 (8,3 %) Ärzte erteilten einen Praxisverweis oder Hausverbot.DiskussionDie Schilderung der schwerwiegendsten Vorfälle veranschaulicht mitunter kaum vorstellbare Situationen und auch, welche Vorfälle als gravierend eingeschätzt wurden. Es existieren dabei große subjektive Schwankungen in der Beurteilung der Vorfälle. Schutzmaßnahmen in Praxen und Kliniken sind unerlässlich.