Regular Work Research Articles

Patient, Operator, and Procedural Characteristics of Guidewire Retention as a Complication of Vascular Catheter Insertion.

Pre-specified observational analysis as part of a quality improvement study of consecutive guidewire retention events across a multihospital health system from August 2007 to October 2015. Ten hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio, United States. Consecutive all-comers who experienced guidewire retention after vascular catheter insertion. None. Data were manually obtained from the electronic medical records and reviewed for potential contributing factors for guidewire retention, stratified into patient, operator, and procedural characteristics. A total of 24 events were identified. Overall, the median age was 74 years, 58% were males, and the median body mass index was 26.5 kg/m2. A total of 12 (50%) individuals were sedated during the procedure. Most incidents (10 [42%]) occurred in internal jugular venous access sites. The majority of cases (13 [54%]) were performed or supervised by an attending. Among all cases, three (12%) were performed by first-year trainees, seven (29%) by residents, three (12%) by fellows, and four (17%) by certified nurse practitioners. Overall, 16 (67%) events occurred during regular working hours (8 amto 5 pm). In total, 22 (92%) guidewires were inserted nonemergently, with two (8%) during a cardiac arrest. Ultrasound guidance was used in all but one case. Guidewire retention can occur even in the presence of optimal patient, operator, and procedural circumstances, highlighting the need for constant awareness of this risk. Efforts to eliminate this important complication will require attention to issues surrounding the technical performance of the procedure.

Paying Outsourced Labor: Direct Evidence from Linked Temp Agency-Worker-Client Data

Abstract We estimate how much firms differentiate pay premia between regular and outsourced workers in temp agency work arrangements. We leverage unique Argentinian administrative data that feature links between user firms (the workplaces where temp workers perform their labor) and temp agencies (their formal employers). We estimate that a high-wage user firm that pays a regular worker a 10% premium pays a temp worker on average only a 4.9% premium, compared to what these workers would earn in a low-wage user firm in their respective work arrangements. This 49% pass-through constitutes the midpoint between the benchmarks for insiders (one) and the competitive spot-labor market (zero).

A cost-effective prosthetic leg: Design and development

A prosthesis is an artificial device that substitutes a missing body component as a result of injury, disease, or congenital flaws. Prostheses are designed to help amputees to reclaim their usual activities. The human leg is a complicated bodily part that is required for daily mobility and activity. The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that, around 1,000,000 amputees in Bangladesh need prostheses to perform daily functions like walking, climbing stairs and working. When they try to reintegrate into society after their tragic loss, they confront emotional trauma in addition to their physical anguish. Their financial situation puts them in a precarious position, preventing them from having any economic contributions to their family. They may have feelings of loss of self, social stigma, coping difficulties, and despair if they do not have a prosthesis. Even though prostheses are in use in rehabilitation sectors in Bangladesh, they are expensive and mostly import-oriented, and thus remain out of reach for the general people. This research aims to address this issue by developing a fully mechanical trans-femoral prosthetic leg that is accessible to low-income people, allowing them to participate in their regular work. The transfemoral prosthetic leg has various unique features, including the ability to absorb shock like a knee joint, a mechanical knee joint that may allow flexion and extension, and a light total weight. The trans-femoral prosthetic leg was developed using all the local (Bangladeshi) resources/materials and was tested to be preliminarily functional while cost-effective. However, a proper clinical trial is needed to make it commercially available, which is under preparation.

Validation of Remote Digital Pathology based diagnostic reporting of Frozen Sections from home

BackgroundDespite the promising applications of whole-slide imaging (WSI) for frozen section (FS) diagnosis, its adoption for remote reporting is limited. ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and performance of home-based remote digital consultation for FS diagnosis. Material & MethodCases accessioned beyond regular working hours (5 pm–10 pm) were reported simultaneously using optical microscopy (OM) and WSI. Validation of WSI for FS diagnosis from a remote site, i.e. home, was performed by 5 pathologists. Cases were scanned using a portable scanner (Grundium Ocus®40) and previewed on consumer-grade computer devices through a web-based browser (http://grundium.net). Clinical data and diagnostic reports were shared through a google spreadsheet. The diagnostic concordance, inter- and intra-observer agreement for FS diagnosis by WSI versus OM, and turnaround time (TAT), were recorded. ResultsThe overall diagnostic accuracy for OM and WSI (from home) was 98.2% (range 97%–100%) and 97.6% (range 95%–99%), respectively, when compared with the reference standard. Almost perfect inter-observer (k = 0.993) and intra-observer (k = 0.987) agreement for WSI was observed by 4 pathologists. Pathologists used consumer-grade laptops/desktops with an average screen size of 14.58 inches (range = 12.3–17.7 inches) and a network speed of 64 megabits per second (range: 10–90 Mbps). The mean diagnostic assessment time per case for OM and WSI was 1:48 min and 5:54 min, respectively. Mean TAT of 27.27 min per case was observed using WSI from home. Seamless connectivity was observed in approximately 75% of cases. ConclusionThis study validates the role of WSI for remote FS diagnosis for its safe and efficient adoption in clinical use.

Is the Structure of “Regular Working Days” about to Dissolve? Changes in Employees’ Time-Use Patterns Working in Enterprise Collaboration Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have strengthened Work from Home and the use of digital communication technologies and digital collaboration. The resulting flexibility in terms of control over time and place of work can support workers in improving their work-life balance. In this paper, we investigate whether workers using digital communication technologies made use of this flexibility and changed the distribution of their work hours across the week and day. To answer this question, we investigate the use of an Enterprise Collaboration System in 2019-2022. Using real-world data, a MS Power BI dashboard was created following the steps suggested by the Social Collaboration Analytics Framework (SCAF). The dashboard shows that the system use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, an expansion of work on weekends and outside of regular working hours can be observed. Although, timely adjustments of use-patterns were highest in the beginning of the pandemic, long-term trends could be observed as well. The results indicate that knowledge workers used digital collaboration technologies to restructure working days, according to their specific personal and business needs while working from home. The paper is a valuable starting point in the context of a long-term interdisciplinary research project on the digitalisation of the workplace.

Assessment of Constraints of Artificial Insemination Service in Smallholder Dairy Cattle Keepers in Kacha Bira District of Southern Ethiopia.

Artificial insemination (AI) is among the most effective reproductive biotechnologies that afford widespread propagation of genes carried by superior males. A cross-sectional study followed by a simple random sampling technique was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 to assess the constraints of artificial insemination (AI) provision in and around Kacha Bira district, Southern Ethiopia, using a structured questionnaire. A total of 200 respondents were surveyed accordingly. In this study, the education level of farmers revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) with the identification of time of insemination. Conception failure (62.5%), unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (7.5%), dystocia (3.5%), and both conception failure and unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (4.5%) were found to be the major constraints of AI service in the study area according to dairy cattle owners' response and revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) with AI service. Although statistically significant (P < 0.05), differences in AI service interruptions during both regular working hours and weekends and holidays were also observed. Among total respondents, 20.5% of dairy cattle owners got AI service at right time, but 79.5% of them used it at the wrong time. Regarding inbreeding problems, 77.5% of dairy cattle owners responded that there was no inbreeding problem and the remaining 22.5% of farmers indicated presence of inbreeding problem of which 10.5% and 10% had a perception that local breeds had low milk production and low genetic improvement than exotic breeds, respectively. On the other hand, 11.5% of dairy cattle owners responded that local breeds have a similar level of disease resistance to that of exotic breeds (11%). 48.5% of dairy farmers reported that bellowing is the most frequent sign that they used to detect heat followed by vulval discharge (23%) and mounting on other cows (10%). Majority (78.5%) of the dairy cattle owners interviewed were found to be not satisfied with the artificial insemination services. In general, different AI technicians and cattle and dairy cattle keeper-related factors constrain the AI service and its result in survey site. Therefore, smallholder dairy cattle owners should be trained sufficiently about the AI service strategies, usage, and proper management of dairy farms and the technical constraints should be avoided in order to provide AI service sufficiently.

ФЕНОМЕН ДОЛГОЖИТЕЛЬСТВА В СТРУКТУРЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО НАРОДОНАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Significance. One of the main features of the demographic picture of the modern world is the population aging, which is becoming one of the most significant factors of the current and future socio-economic and cultural agenda of the global development. Despite the fact that the population aging is accompanied by increased life expectancy, reaching the age of ninety and over is yet a rare phenomenon. Identification of the factors determining the level of longevity remains an important medical and social objective. An important role here plays the understanding of spatio-temporal features of the longevity, which provide the basis for identifying and analyzing factors that can shed light on the causes of this phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to assess spatio–temporal features of the global longevity. Material and methods. The information base of the study was data of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, as well as scientific publications in periodical information sources. The study used general logical, analytical, statistical and cartographic methods. Results. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, there was a rapid increase in the number of long-livers on the planet. If in 1950 the share of people aged 90 and over equaled to 0.05% of the world population, by 2020 it added up to 0.27%, having increased almost six-fold. According to moderate projections of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 0.79% of the world population will survive until ninety and over by 2050, and 2.14% - by 2100. In the 1950-2020 timeframe, all macro-regions of the world show a positive trend in the share of population aged 90+. The increase in the share of long-livers is especially noticeable in Europe, North America and Oceania (Australia). Against this background the indicator the increase in Africa is less pronounced. The phenomenon of longevity is spatially represented rather heterogeneously, and clearly correlates with the country socio-economic status, and, as a consequence, with the population reproduction trends characteristic of this status. Longevity is most pronounced in the countries of the so-called "rich North" ("golden billion"). Of the "top ten" countries in terms of the share of population aged 90+, eight countries represent the European Union. Japan tops the list of the leading countries (1.88%). Russia ranks 37 with the long-liver share adding up to 0.53%. In the 1950-2020 timeframe, the increased longevity index was registered in all macro-regions of the planet. It has highly increased in the North America countries, Europe and Oceania. A relatively low increase in the longevity index was registered in Asia and Africa. At the country level, today, the maximum longevity index is registered in Japan, Uruguay and European countries. The global Top-10 includes 8 European countries, with France, Spain and Italy taking the lead. African countries remain the traditional outsiders. Longevity is determined by a complex set of hereditary factors and environmental conditions. According to experts, out of factors that determine life expectancy, heredity accounts for 15-20%, while other factors account for 75-80% including lifestyle, environment and habits. There is a relationship between the quality of life that includes physical (activity, daily activity, ability to perform activities of daily living), mental, emotional and social well-being of the individual, and life expectancy. The level of economic development can be considered as one of the predictors of longevity. Over the past seventy years, the maximum increase in the share of long-livers has been registered in the "golden billion" countries where the current number of people over 90 has reached 1% of the population, and is projected to increase up to 4-5%.by the end of the century. Genetics, constancy of the internal and external environment factors, quality of life, healthy diet, physical activity, regular work, and sense of purpose of one's own life and value-based attitude to life are important factors that determine the longevity level.

Medical Treatment, Duty to Work, and Political Education. Functions of Soviet “Prophylactoria” and “Care Homes for STD Patients” in Germany

After the end of World War II, “care homes for sexually transmitted disease patients” were established in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (SOZ). The legal basis was established by the order of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) No 30. Care homes for sexually transmitted disease patients are institutions that combine education and treatment of illnesses for individuals with an STD. The sick individuals had to follow a regular daily routine and work every day. Political indoctrination served to educate “socialist personalities”. Similar institutions already existed in the USSR. In the 1920s, the so-called “prophylactoria” were established in the USSR. This article compares these two types of medical institutions. Sources from the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, the German Federal Archives in Berlin, and the City Archive Zwickau were used.

Naknada štete u slučaju povrede na radu ili smrti radnika

In this paper, the author points out the problems that arise in the case of compensation for damages caused by an injury at work, or due to death of a worker, as a result of an injury at work. This institute is regulated by a positive legislative framework, but in practice many problems occur when trying to get adequate satisfaction for injuries that occurred during the performance of regular work activities, because employers (of course there are exceptions) try in every way to minimize compensation that should have belonged to the worker. The purpose of that compensation should be to restore the former state of the worker, more precisely, monetary satisfaction for the physical damage suffered, as well as the physical and mental pain suffered, but this is most often not the case. The question of this compensation is particularly sensitive in the case of the death of a worker, which occurs as a result of an injury at work, when that compensation belongs to the immediate family members of the injured worker and when the question arises as to what is an adequate compensation that should be some kind of compensation for the loss of a loved one.

Evaluation of Teachers Pedagogical Method of Teaching Physics and Its Effects on Academic Performance of Physics Students in Senior Secondary School in South West Nigeria

The study examines Teachers teaching method and its Effect on Academic performance of physics students in Senior Secondary Schools in South West Nigeria, with a view of improving effective teaching and learning of physics .This study is based on survey research design. The population comprised of all physics teachers in public secondary schools in Ekiti and Ondo States in South West Nigeria. The instrument used was Physics Programme Evaluation Questionnaire for Teachers (PAT) with a reliability coefficient r = (0.73) was obtained using Crumbach Alpha. One research hypothesis and one research question were posed to guide the study. Findings from this study revealed that majority of physics teachers in South West Nigeria often using recommended teaching method, and a significant relationship between teachers teaching method and academic performance of physics students. It is recommended that government should be given teachers symposium and regular work shop on the recommended teaching methods and provide teaching aids to facilitate effective teaching and learning of physics.

A matrix geometric solution of a multi-server queue with waiting servers and customers’ impatience under variant working vacation and vacation interruption

This paper deals with a M/M/c queueing system with waiting servers, balking, reneging, and K-variant working vacations subjected to Bernoulli schedule vacation interruption. Whenever the system is emptied, the servers wait for a while before synchronously going on vacation during which services are offered with a lower rate. We obtain the steady-state probabilities of the system using the matrix-geometric method. In addition, we derive important performance measures of the queueing model. Moreover, we construct a cost model and apply a direct search method to get the optimum service rates during both working vacation and regular working periods at lowest cost. Finally, numerical results are provided.

Statement by the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine on the proposed reform of working hours in South Korea.

The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government's working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers' health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.

Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. Near Misses and Lessons Learned

Physician training requires the highest intelligence quotient of all professions to assimilate the vast amounts of complex knowledge required. The most critical decision-making medical specialty is anesthesiology, which requires much art of practicing medicine. That art is acquired via experience from years of medical practice.Clinical experience can also be gleaned from studying these 90 case reports in Brock-Utne’s book, Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. These cases are from third-world countries, but any of these situations could also occur in American Ivy League University hospitals.Limited hospital night staff can be overwhelmed by a sudden influx of gunshot trauma cases and force one to care for emergency patients outside one’s regular working expertise. Another time one could be working remote from the hospital’s fully equipped main operating room complex in a small-case specialty single operating room. Then a crisis arises needing additional drugs and devices taking 20 min to be transported to that remote venue. Innovative temporary medical measures will be required. Power failures can occur without backup electricity. Suction systems can fail. Gas delivery can fail. An anesthesia machine can fail. A device may develop a problem not foreseen by its designers. Low-resourced settings can occur in a flash moment anywhere in the world, even in rich countries.This book’s cases challenge anesthesiologists’ training, intellect, and resourcefulness. This book is rich in wisdom. Before doing “mission medical work,” all anesthesiologists should read this book. There is a summarizing list of pearls of wisdom in the book. Reading that list may save one patient’s life in your career. I read the book in 2 days. Reading this book should be mandatory for anesthesia trainees nearing graduation. Anesthesiologists at any career point will read lessons echoing some anesthesia mishap they have experienced and wish they had read this book earlier in their careers.The deficient resources can be:This is the most valuable case in the book.A 29-yr-old woman fell off a moving train. When she arrived at a midsize Somali hospital, she was hypotensive, in pain, and tachycardic. She had fractures of the T10 vertebra, right humerus, the pelvis, and five right-side ribs with a right-side hemopneumothorax. A large-bore right subclavian multi-lumen access cordis venous cannula and an intercostal chest drain were immediately inserted. The pleural cavity drained 1,500 ml of blood. Additional peripheral venous access catheters were inserted.The anesthesiologist administered 4 units of blood. The blood pressure improved, but the centralized venous pressure measured via the subclavian cannula stayed at zero. Intercostal blood continued to drain and worried the thoracic surgeon, who urgently wanted to operate to stop the bleeding. The international normalized ratio (INR) test for clotting, of a sample withdrawn for the right-subclavian vein cannula, measured 2.3 (N = less than 1.1 when not on warfarin).The anesthesiologist worried about the darkness of the ongoing draining chest blood and the inexplicable high INR test result. The thoracotomy found no active bleeding source. A repeat INR test sample drawn from the femoral vein revealed a normal INR test of 1.1. The right subclavian cannula was intrapleural, and the persistent draining dark blood was subclavian catheter transfused blood. The first INR test had been done on the trauma intrapleural blood.A patient underwent general anesthesia with intubation using a wire-reinforced flexible endotracheal tube. On awakening, the patient bit firmly on the tube and occluded it, bending the reinforcing wire. After the biting relaxed, the tube was still entirely blocked from the crimping of the reinforcing wire. The patient’s chest started to heave as he struggled to breathe past the sustained endotracheal tube obstruction.Fully deflate the endotracheal tube cuff. That frees up about 40% of the cross-sectional area of the trachea for the patient to breathe past the outside of the endotracheal tube.Soon this patient woke up and was safely extubated. The problem is preventable by initially placing a bite-block or a Guedel airway in the mouth beside the endotracheal tube.After reading this book, many will recall many forgotten pearls of wisdom. Dr. Brock-Utne is a rare and superbly trained physician anesthesiologist who has worked extensively in third-world circumstances. He is an Emeritus full clinical professor from Stanford University in California. He is the epitome of a clinically expert scientist. His book is recommended to read.

A Work Time Control Tradeoff in Flexible Work: Competitive Pathways to Need for Recovery

Work time control may offer opportunities, but also implies risks for employee recovery, influenced by increased work-related ICT use and overtime work. However, this risk-opportunity tradeoff remains understudied. This study aimed to test two different models of associations between work time control, work-related ICT use, overtime work, and the need for recovery. These models were constructed based on data on office workers with flexible work arrangements. Cross-sectional data were obtained with questionnaires (n = 2582) from employees in a Swedish multi-site organization. Regression models treated the three determinants of the need for recovery either as independent, or as linked in a causal sequence. The test of independent determinants confirmed that more work time control was associated with less need for recovery, whereas more ICT use and overtime work were associated with a higher need for recovery. In a test of serial mediation, more work time control contributed to a greater need for recovery through more ICT use and then more overtime work. Work time control also had a competitive, indirect effect through a negative association with overtime work. Our results suggest that work time control is beneficial for employee recovery, but may for some be associated with more work-related ICT use after regular working hours, thus increasing recovery needs. Policies that support work time control can promote recovery, but employers must attend to the risk of excessive use of ICT outside of regular working hours.

Preliminary driving style classification of the professional drivers

Driving style and driver behaviour are important in evaluating city bus drivers. Buses are one of the means of public transportation in cities, used by millions of people. The purpose of this study was to present a model for preliminary classification of driving style of the professional drivers based on averaged maximum values of lateral and longitudinal acceleration recorded during regular work. First, the recorded acceleration values of 69 city bus drivers were analysed. Then, the correlation between the acceleration values and the age and experience of the city bus drivers was examined. Based on the results of the preliminary classification of drivers, extreme values for both lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration (deceleration and acceleration) were obtained by 3 drivers out of the 69 tested. The study also examined the relationship between averaged values of maximum lateral and longitudinal acceleration and driver age and experience. Based on the correlation results, showed that age and the number of years of holding a driver's license are not significantly related to acceleration. Therefore, the method can be used to analyse drivers regardless of their age and experience.

Current status of interprofessional competency among healthcare professions in Japan: A cross-sectional web-based survey.

Self-assessment of professionals' interprofessional competency is meaningful for benchmarking oneself and helping to identify training needs. We aimed to clarify differences in self-assessment of interprofessional competency in Japan by profession and type of facility. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a web survey among primary healthcare providers in Japan, especially members of the Japan Primary Care Association, between June and October 2020. After sampling using the e-mail list, we used an exponential nondiscriminative snowball method as purposive sampling through key professional informants between November 2020 and February 2021. The questionnaire covered items including participant demographics (age, gender, years of experience as professionals, years of experience working at the current institution, attendance type (regular or part-time work), administrative experience, profession, and facility type) and included the Japanese version of the Self-assessment Scale of Interprofessional Competency (JASSIC). Differences between healthcare professions (physician, nurse, pharmacist, rehabilitation therapist, and social worker) and between types of facility (university hospital, medium-sized hospital, small hospital, and clinics) were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 593 people responded to the survey. Their mean age was 41.2 ± 11.3 years, and 312 (52.6%) were female. JASSIC scores of physicians and social workers were significantly higher than those of rehabilitation therapists (p < 0.01). Concerning facilities, professionals working in clinics rated themselves higher than those in medium-sized hospitals (p < 0.01). We revealed that self-assessment of interprofessional competency in Japan varied by profession and type of facility.

SCIENCE IS THE WEAPON FOR THE FUTURE OF UKRAINE

Dear Reader! Today marked the 299th day of the war for the independence of Ukraine. Besides the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the frontline of our battle against the aggressor is being held by healthcare professionals whose selfless work saves lives and the health of patients and ensures the existence of Ukraine. From now on, along with experimental and clinical medicine, there is war medicine in Ukraine, and the entire world is fascinated by its results. NATO Parliamentary Assembly has recently recognized our enemy as a terrorist state and called for creating a specialized international tribunal to punish all criminals. However, the full-scale invasion of the enemy with air raid alerts, shelling, scheduled and emergency blackouts did not stop Ukrainians in their love for education, scientific and research work, and awareness-raising activities. The words once uttered by great Ukrainian Hryhoriy Skovoroda, whose 300th anniversary we are celebrating this year, “The one who thinks of science, loves it, and the one who loves it, will never stop learning, no matter how passive he might seem”, are now more levant than ever. After all, they represent Ukrainian healthcare professionals and scientists. Progressive colleagues from across the globe – people of all races, all ages, ethnicities and religious orientations stand in solidarity with them. Together, they use all available possibilities and talents to bring victory closer and strengthen the positive image of Ukraine in the world. At this time the war situation is complex, with a labile standstill at the front in the east of Ukraine. Meanwhile is it an established fact that an independent Ukraine will continue to exist. Nevertheless, the loss of human lives and the destruction of society and infrastructure continues. Ukraine has shown an exceptional brave perseverance and strength. Now it is time to move forward with wise policies. Life must have to return to normal, without serious threats of war attacks. People have to build up Ukraine and healthcare professionals and scientists need to go back to their regular work finding improvements in daily living for the population. Our journal has a dual mission: 1) to enshrine the confident and attractive image of the journal, which is read in 154 countries of the world, in Ukraine and on the scientific map of the world; and 2) to unite progressive medical communities to share experiences and help Ukraine in the time of war. We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to members of the editorial board, who helped in the making of the journal in 2019-2020. Proudly and confidently, we present our readers with a new issue of our journal. This issue saw the light of day thanks to the extraordinary efforts and incredible responsibility of our authors, reviewers, and editors. Review the detailed report on the 6th International Symposium SMARTLION 2022. Medicine and War, which gathered participating lecturers not just from Ukraine, but also the USA, Germany, France and the UK. View video collections in the annex to the publication to review the unique doctor’s experience under conditions of the terroristic russian-Ukrainian war [1]. We would like to express sincere gratitude to every volunteer for help, solidarity and partnership with Ukrainian doctors and scientists [2,3], as well as physicians who are on the medical frontline in this terroristic war [4]. The cover page of this Issue “The light will overcome the darkness” (author: Ivan Dzis, MD, PhD) reflects our hope for Victory for Ukraine in 2023. We hope that the activities of our journal will serve as additional weapons for the future of Ukraine, and the editorial team will manage to continue developing the journal next year. We wish everyone health and victory in 2023! Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the Heroes!

Treatment of Geriatric Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures with Nailing. Is Operation on Duty Associated with Inferior Outcome?

Background: Subtrochanteric femoral fractures are often require open reduction and internal fixation. Data regarding the time of operation are missing; therefore, we conducted this retrospective and monocentric study. Material and Methods: Between 2006 and 2020, a total of 115 patients with subtrochanteric fractures were enrolled. Treatment was performed with long nailing. We performed two groups: operations started within regular working hours (8:00 am – 16:00 pm; n = 41); and operations started on duty (n = 74). Based on our database, 24 variables were assessed. The primary outcomes were revision, infection, general complications, and survival. The secondary outcomes were the EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D-5L) health state, the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) and the Parker mobility score. Results: The mean age of the patients was 81.8 years (range 65–97). With one exception (time to operation), the variables were balanced between the two groups. The revision rate was 11.3% (n = 13), with a nonsignificantly higher rate for treatment on duty (n = 11/74 vs. 2/41; p = 0.134). All infections (n = 5) occurred after treatment on duty, but this was nonsignificant. The Kaplan–Meier survival rate was also nonsignificant between the groups (log rank = 0.282), with a total one-year mortality rate of 25.2%. After a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (1.1–14.2), outcome measures were similarly reduced in the two groups. Conclusions: Based on our study, we recommend operation within 24 hours after admission and regardless of time. Further studies with a higher number of cases are provide general recommendations.

Optimization and evaluation of the technical readiness of the selective laser melting for the manufacture of space technology components

The work is devoted to studying the technological reliability of selective laser melting systems for producing space technology components. Ensuring reliability is directly related to the quality and accuracy of the manufactured details. An analysis of the methods for manufacturing components for the aerospace industry showed a high potential for using such installations. The well-known selective laser melting installation with a regular working chamber for sintering complex-shaped high-precision products was chosen as an object of study. The cyclogram of the complex operation was considered and specifics of achieving the main output parameters of the limit values was argued. Also was received a complex coefficient of technical readiness of the selective laser melting system for manufacturing space technology components that satisfy the high standards of space production, which can be characterized as the probability that the system will be workable at any time in addition to the planned periods, during which the intended purpose is not provided.

БІЛІМ БЕРУДЕ ЖЕКЕ ТҰЛҒАНЫҢ СЫНИ ТҰРҒЫДА ОЙЛАУ КАБІЛЕТТЕРІН ДАМЫТУ

Nabieva Lazzat Iksatovna Master of Pedagogical Sciences, Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau, Kazakhstan DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Abstract. Due to the active growth of digital information technologies in the era of globalization, the speed of information dissemination has not only increased, but also poses a threat to the information security of the state. In particular, the dissemination of various destructive opinions through the Internet has set the stage for today's younger generation to fall prey to negative information. In this regard, this article shows that the development of critical thinking in the younger generation should be the main goal of domestic education, as well as an important way to educate children in accordance with the requirements of the time. The study comprehensively reveals the importance of critical thinking for the modern information society. In fact, in the domestic education system, first of all, when organizing the educational process, it is necessary to carry out purposeful and regular work with students to develop critical thinking. However, tasks aimed at the development of critical thinking in the traditional content of subjects provided for by the programs of secondary and higher education are not considered in most cases. Therefore, in the article the author presents the importance of developing critical thinking skills in a teenager today and several ways to implement it. At the same time, in the course of writing this article, an in-depth review of the main scientific, theoretical and methodological works written by domestic and foreign scientists on the development of critical skills among young people was made. The database of the article consists of the results obtained by the method of observation among students studying in higher educational institutions. In addition, when revealing the topic and conducting its scientific analysis, the methods of systematization, comparative analysis, induction and deduction, which are general scientific methods in the field of the humanities, were used. In confirmation of the conclusions set forth in the article, the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among young people studying in secondary and higher educational institutions are given. Key words: critical thinking; younger generation; education; digitalization; globalization; National security; education; modern information technologies.