Regular Pore Research Articles

Design of High-Performance Formyl-Functionalized COF Aerogels as Quasi-Solid Lithium Battery Electrolyte by a Solvent Substitution Strategy.

Covalent organic framework (COF) aerogels with functional groups offer exceptional processability and functionality for various applications. These hierarchical porous materials combine the advantages of COFs with the benefits of aerogels, overcoming the limitations of conventional insoluble and nonfusible COF powders. However, achieving both high crystallinity and shape retention remains a challenge for functionalized COF aerogels. In this work, we develop a novel and general solvent substitution method for the one-step synthesis of formyl-functionalized COF aerogels without harsh vacuum conditions. These aerogels exhibit excellent processing capabilities, superior mechanical strength, and enhanced functionality. As a proof-of-concept, they were used in adsorption and lithium metal battery applications, significantly maximizing the structural advantages of COFs, e.g.: (i) the hierarchical porous structure is fully wetted by the electrolyte to form continuous transport channels; (ii) the polar groups, which are easier to be acquired, help in desolvation and transfer of Li+; (iii) the regular pore structures stabilize deposition of Li+ and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. These combined benefits contribute to a lighter battery with improved energy density and enhanced safety.

A Dual-Function AgNW@COF SERS Membrane for Organic Pollutant Removal and Simultaneous Concentration Determination.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical detection method commonly employed in biochemical and environmental analysis. Nevertheless, the rapid movement of analytes and interfering components in flow systems can impact the real-time, online detection capability of Raman spectroscopy. To address this issue, we developed an innovative approach utilizing covalent organic framework (COF), a robust porous material with excellent water stability, to coat the surface of Ag nanowire (AgNW) for synthesizing AgNW@COF hybrid. The regular pores of the COF serve to effectively eliminate large interfering molecules while facilitating the efficient transport of specific analytes to SERS hot spots. Additionally, the fluid flow-induced scouring effect aids in excluding interfering molecules from the surface of AgNW. By incorporating AgNW@COF into a bifunctional filter membrane with simultaneous filtration and sensing capabilities, we had achieved efficient purification of organic pollutants as well as real-time identification of pollutant species and concentration.

The effect of natural waste filter on dimethyl ether production from low calorific coal gasification

In Indonesia, rapid population growth has increased energy demand, especially in the transportation and power generation sectors. The Indonesian government has been active in promoting the use of renewable energy, but the transition from fossil energy is still faced with various challenges, including limited technology and adequate infrastructure. Apart from that, Indonesia's large potential in coal is the main factor slowing down this energy transition. One promising alternative is to convert coal into Dimethyl Ether (DME) through the gasification process, which is a thermochemical process for converting solid fuel into gas, producing syngas containing H2, CO, and CH4. Synthesis purification is essential to produce high-purity DME. This process involves the use of filter materials such as zeolite and rice husk charcoal to remove contaminants such as sulfur. Zeolite, with its chemical absorption properties and regular pore structure, is effective in absorbing H2S from syngas. Meanwhile, rice husk charcoal, which is an agricultural waste rich in silica and has a porous structure, has shown potential as an absorbent material to reduce H2S content in gas. In research on the use of various filter material compositions in the up-draft type coal gasification process with CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 and ZSM-5 catalysts, it was found that a 3:7 ratio for zeolite and rice husk charcoal provided optimal performance. This ratio not only increases CH4 and CO levels in syngas, but is also effective in reducing H2S content. The research results showed that the highest DME production reached 90.10% at a ratio of 3:7, while at a ratio of 2:8 and 5:5, production was 81.61% and 73.64% respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of using diverse filter materials in improving syngas quality and DME synthesis efficiency, strengthening steps to accelerate the energy transition towards more sustainable solutions in Indonesia.

Effects of a dual functional filler, polyethersulfone-g-carboxymethyl chitosan@MWCNT, for enhanced antifouling and penetration performance of PES composite membranes

Ultrafiltration technology, separating water from impurities by the core membrane, is an effective strategy for treating wastewater to meet the ever-growing requirement of clean and drinking water. However, the similar nature of hydrophobic organic pollutants and the membrane surface leads to severe adsorption and aggregation, resulting unavoidable membrane degradation of penetration and rejection. The present study presents a novel block amphiphilic polymer, polyethersulfone-g-carboxymethyl chitosan@MWCNT (PES-g-CMC@MWCNT), which is synthesized by grafting hydrophobic polyethersulfone to hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan in order to suspend CMC in organic solution. A mixture of hydrophilic carboxymethyl chitosan and hydrophobic polymers (polyethersulfone), in which hydrophilic segments are bonded to hydrophobic segments, could provide hydrophilic groups, as well as gather and remain stable on membrane surfaces by their hydrophobic interaction for improved compatibility and durability. The resultant ultrafiltration membranes exhibit high water flux (198.10 L m−2·h−1), suitable hydrophilicity (64.77°), enhanced antifouling property (82.96%), while still maintains excellent rejection of bovine serum albumin (91.75%). There has also been an improvement in membrane cross-sectional morphology, resulting in more regular pores size (47.64 nm) and higher porosity (84.60%). These results indicate that amphiphilic polymer may be able to significantly promote antifouling and permeability of ultrafiltration membranes.

Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Molecular Sieve-Supported Cobalt Catalyst via Organometallic Complexation for Propane Non-Oxidative Dehydrogenation.

Co-based catalysts have shown great promise for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reactions due to their merits of environmental friendliness and low cost. In this study, ordered mesoporous molecular sieve-supported CoOx species (CoOx/Al-SBA-15 catalyst) were prepared by one-step organometallic complexation. The catalysts show worm-like morphology with regular straight-through mesoporous pores and high external specific surface area. These typical features can substantially enhance the dispersion of CoOx species and mass transfer of reactants and products. Compared with the conventional impregnation method, the 10CSOC (10 wt.% Co/Al-SBA-15 prepared by the organometallic complexation method) sample presents a smaller CoOx size and higher Co2+/Co3+ ratio. When applied to PDH reaction, the 10CSOC delivers higher propane conversion and propylene selectivity. Under the optimal conditions (625 °C and 4500 h-1), 10CSOC achieves high propane conversion (43%) and propylene selectivity (83%). This is attributed to the smaller and better dispersion of CoOx nanoparticles, more suitable acid properties, and higher content of Co2+ species. This work paves the way for the rational design of high-performance catalysts for industrially important reactions.

Symmetries and wave functions of photons confined in three-dimensional photonic band gap superlattices

We perform a computational study of confined photonic states that appear in a three-dimensional (3D) superlattice of coupled cavities, resulting from a superstructure of intentional defects. The states are isolated from the vacuum by a 3D photonic band gap, using a diamondlike inverse woodpile crystal structure, and they exhibit “Cartesian” hopping of photons in high-symmetry directions. We investigate the confinement dimensionality to verify which states are fully 3D-confined, using a recently developed scaling theory to analyze the influence of the structural parameters of the 3D crystal. We create confinement maps that trace the frequencies of 3D-confined bands for select combinations of key structural parameters, namely the pore radii of the underlying regular crystal and of the defect pores. We find that a certain minimum difference between the regular and defect pore radii is necessary for 3D-confined bands to appear, and that an increasing difference between the defect pore radii from the regular radii supports more 3D-confined bands. In our analysis, we find that their symmetries and spatial distributions are more varied than electronic orbitals known from solid-state physics. We surmise that this difference occurs since the confined photonic orbitals derive from global Bloch states governed by the underlying superlattice structure, whereas single-atom orbitals are localized. Based on this realization, we suggest that the extent symmetries of “photonic orbitals” could possibly translate to novel macroscopic behaviors of “photonic solid-state matter,” never before seen in the standard electronic solid-state systems. We also discover pairs of degenerate 3D-confined bands with p-like orbital shapes and mirror symmetries matching the symmetry of the superlattice. Finally, we investigate the enhancement of the local density of optical states for cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. We find that donorlike superlattices, i.e., where the defect pores are smaller than the regular pores, provide greater enhancement in the air region than acceptorlike structures with larger defect pores, and thus offer better prospects for doping with quantum dots and ultimately for 3D networks of single photons steered across strongly coupled cavities. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Progress in Core-Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Materials for Enriching Post-Translationally Modified Peptides.

Endogenous peptides, particularly those with post-translational modifications, are increasingly being studied as biomarkers for diagnosing various diseases. However, they are weakly ionizable, have a low abundance in biological samples, and may be interfered with by high levels of proteins, peptides, and other macromolecular impurities, resulting in a high limit of detection and insufficient amounts of post-translationally modified peptides in real biological samples to be examined. Therefore, separation and enrichment are necessary before analyzing these biomarkers using mass spectrometry. Mesoporous materials have regular adjustable pores that can eliminate large proteins and impurities, and their large specific surface area can bind more target peptides, but this may result in the partial loss or destruction of target peptides during centrifugal separation. On the other hand, magnetic mesoporous materials can be used to separate the target using an external magnetic field, which improves the separation efficiency and yield. Core-shell magnetic mesoporous materials are widely utilized for peptide separation and enrichment due to their biocompatibility, efficient enrichment capability, and excellent recoverability. This paper provides a review of the latest progress in core-shell magnetic mesoporous materials for enriching glycopeptides and phosphopeptides and compares their enrichment performance with different types of functionalization methods.

Experimental and statistical study on sound absorption coefficient of porous asphalt concrete considering mesoscopic pore parameters

Porous asphalt concrete (PAC) has attracted significant attention in the road industry due to its excellent noise reduction capabilities. However, clogging in PAC decreases its sound absorption performance, as mesoscopic pore parameters play a crucial role in influencing PAC’s sound absorption abilities. To further investigate the influence of mesoscopic pore parameters on the sound absorption performance of PAC, CT scanning and digital image processing technology were employed. The principal component analysis method was employed to determine the weighting of the influence of mesoscopic pore parameters on the sound absorption coefficient. The correlation between different pore parameters and the sound absorption coefficient of PAC specimens was analyzed. The results showed that the minimum Feret diameter has the most significant effect on the sound absorption performance of PAC, while the concavity and the length-short axis ratio have the least impact. The correlation between mesoscopic pore parameters and sound absorption coefficients was found to be inconsistent before and after clogging. Mesoscopic pore parameters that were positively correlated with sound absorption coefficients before clogging turned negatively correlated after clogging. Connected large pores and smooth regular pore structure enhance the sound absorption performance of PAC, but clogging disrupts this structure, resulting in a decrease in sound absorption performance.

β-Ketoenamine-based covalent organic framework for detection and removal of p-phenylenediamine

p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) serves as an important intermediate in materials chemistry and is widely used in the preparation of azo dyes and high polymers. However, the discharge of wastewater from industries containing PPD can pose significant threats to both the environment and human health. Herein, a sensitive and reversible β-ketoenamine-based covalent organic framework (TD-COF) fluorescent probe was fabricated with ketoamine-substituted monomers for detection and facile removal of PPD. Abundant carbonyl groups, the regular pores, and the π-conjugated structure of TD-COF are the key features that help facilitate TD-COF interaction with the analyte. Based on these advantages, TD-COF displayed a low detection limit (0.35 μM), high sensitivity, easy visibility, real-time response, and selective interaction with PPD. Simultaneously, the effective removal of PPD and the circulating utilization of TD-COF provide the potential for practical production applications. Regeneration experimental studies indicated that TD-COF retained satisfactory structural stability after five cycles. Furthermore, based on solid-state NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, these studies verified that hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction mechanisms contribute to fluorescence quenching between PPD and the carbonyl of TD-COF. The research demonstrated the utilization of fluorescent COFs for the sensing and removal of PPD, with the potential for extension to the detection of other pollutants.

Developments of photo‐/electro‐catalysis based on covalent organic frameworks: A review

AbstractPhoto‐/electro‐catalysis has the characteristics of low cost, high performance, and zero pollution, which meet the policies on environment and energy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a type of crystalline organic skeleton polymers, have been widely applied and investigated in the area of photo‐/electro‐catalysis owing to their advantages of large specific surface area, regular pore size, excellent stability, flexible structural design, and massive active sites. This article reviews the structural characteristics of COFs and the strategies for strengthening the photo‐/electro‐catalytic activity of COF materials. Subsequently, deep insights were put into the photo‐/electro‐catalysis application of COF materials. In the end, the development prospects and challenges faced by COF materials in photo‐/electro‐catalysis are discussed.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of phenylpyridine-based hypercrosslinked polymers for atmospheric CO2 adsorption and fixation under solvent-/metal-free conditions

Several phenylpyridine- and phenyl-based hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) were prepared via a one-step Friedel-Crafts polymerization and used as catalysts for the cycloaddition reaction between atmospheric CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates. The structural characteristics and catalytic activity of different HCP catalysts were compared, while the recycling performance and universality to various substituted epoxides were investigated. The as-prepared catalysts exhibited regular pore structure and high specific surface area (1133 m2/g). Under the synergistic effect of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), the optimized TPA-HCP-Py efficiently converted atmospheric CO2 into cyclic carbonates with good to excellent product yields. Furthermore, the TPA-HCP-Py catalyst was easy to recover, and no significant changes were observed after reusing for five times, which demonstrated its excellent recycling performance. The interactions between different active sites and reactants in the TPA-HCP-Py/TBAI catalytic system were investigated by DFT calculation, revealing the catalytic reaction mechanism and providing valuable guidance for developing new multifunctional catalysts.

Reducing Inert Materials for Optimal Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions within Microphysiological Systems.

In the pursuit of achieving a more realistic in vitro simulation of human biological tissues, microfluidics has emerged as a promising technology. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices, a product of this technology, contain miniature tissues within microfluidic chips, aiming to closely mimic the in vivo environment. However, a notable drawback is the presence of inert material between compartments, hindering complete contact between biological tissues. Current membranes, often made of PDMS or plastic materials, prevent full interaction between cell types and nutrients. Furthermore, their non-physiological mechanical properties and composition may induce unexpected cell responses. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the contact area between cells and the inert materials while simultaneously maximizing the direct contact between cells and matrices in different compartments. The main objective of this work is to minimize inert materials within the microfluidic chip while preserving proper cellular distribution. Two microfluidic devices were designed, each with a specific focus on maximizing direct cell-matrix or cell-cell interactions. The first chip, designed to increase direct cell-cell interactions, incorporates a nylon mesh with regular pores of 150 microns. The second chip minimizes interference from inert materials, thereby aiming to increase direct cell-matrix contact. It features an inert membrane with optimized macropores of 1 mm of diameter for collagen hydrogel deposition. Biological validation of both devices has been conducted through the implementation of cell migration and cell-to-cell interaction assays, as well as the development of epithelia, from isolated cells or spheroids. This endeavor contributes to the advancement of microfluidic technology, aimed at enhancing the precision and biological relevance of in vitro simulations in pursuit of more biomimetic models.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by ZIF-67-derived Co3O4 for the degradation of tetracycline: Effect of roasting temperature

A series of ZIF-67-derived materials have been prepared by stirring and roasting ZIF-67 at different temperatures and used to activate persulfate for oxidation of tetracycline. Compared with Co3O4 and common MOFs (MiL-100-Fe, UiO-66, and ZIF-67), ZIF-67-derived materials exhibit excellent catalytic activity. A 95.06 % removal has been achieved for 20 mg/L tetracycline at a catalyst dosage of 0.6 g/L, PMS dosage of 0.2 g/L. The N2 adsorption/desorption experiment and the SEM analysis show that the large specific surface area favors the full contact between the active sites and the pollutants, and the regular pore structure is conducive to the diffusion and mass transfer of the pollutants. Moreover, XRD, Raman, and XPS studies demonstrate that a suitable calcination temperature can promote the formation of oxygen vacancies and active Co2+, essential for the formation of active oxygen species. The free radical scavenging experiment reveals that ·O2– is the main active species, followed by 1O2. The effects of catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, initial pH, and coexisting ions on tetracycline oxidation are also investigated. Thus, this study provides the theoretical basis and practical evidence for activating PMS as a high-performance catalytic material for the degradation of antibiotics in water.

Polydopamine Enhanced Interactions of Graphene Nanosheets to Fabricate Graphene/Polydopamine Aerogels with Effectively Clear Organic Pollutants.

Graphene/polydopamine aerogels (GPDXAG, where X represents the weight ratio of DA·HCl to GO) were prepared by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using dopamine (DA) and l-ascorbic acid as reducing agents. During the gelation process, DA was polymerized to form polydopamine (PDA). The introduction of PDA in the gelation of aerogels led to a deeper reduction of GO and stronger interactions between graphene nanosheets forced by covalent cross-linking and noncovalent bonding including π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. The weight ratio of DA·HCl to GO influencing the formation and morphology of GPDXAG was explored. With the increasing content of DA in gelation, the reduction of GO and the cross-linking degree of graphene nanosheets were enhanced, and the resulting GPDXAG had a more regular pore distribution. Additionally, introducing PDA into GPDXAG improved its hydrophobicity because of the adhesion of PDA to a network of aerogels. GPDXAG exhibited a higher removal efficiency for organic pollutants than the controlled graphene aerogels (GAG). Specifically, the adsorption capacity of GPDXAG for organic solvents was superior to that of GAG, and organic solvent was completely separated from the oil/water mixture by GPDXAG. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of GPDXAG for malachite green (MG) was measured to be 768.50 mg/g, which was higher than that for methyl orange (MO). In MG/MO mixed solutions, aerogels had obvious adsorption selectivity for the cationic dye. The adsorption mechanism of aerogels for MG was also discussed by simulating adsorption kinetic models and adsorption isothermal models.

The Influence of Lyophilization Pretreatment and Whey Content on Whey and Gelatin-Based Hydrogels.

Whey and gelatin, natural polymers within the protein category, find widespread use in hydrogel formulations applied across the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. This study presents new characteristics of hydrogels based on whey, gelatin, and copper sulfate as a consequence of the additional steps in the preparation method, specifically refrigeration and freezing storage followed by lyophilization. The water state in hydrogels prior to lyophilization impacts the morphological appearance, with refrigerated hydrogels exhibiting a more regular and dense pore distribution, as shown by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. This observation aligns with the higher mobility of polymer chains indicated by T2 distributions in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN) relaxometry measurements. Changes in the intensity and amide-specific wavenumbers of the FTIR spectra of whey and gelatin proteins are evident in the Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectra of crosslinked and frozen hydrogels before lyophilization. Moreover, the reinforcing effect in the hydrogel matrix, noted in mechanical tests, is attributed to increased polymer chain content and copper sulfate crosslinking.

Research Progress on Iodine Capture by Covalent Organic Framework Materials

With the development of nuclear power, the removal of radionuclides is an important responsibility and task. Radioactive iodine, as one of the most radionuclide in nuclear wastes, its safe disposal is essential to ensure the sustainable development of the nuclear industry. Covalent organic framework materials are crystalline organic porous materials, which were constructed by covalent bonds. Because of their regular pore structure, large surface area and high chemical stability, covalent organic framework materials are selected as an ideal iodine capturing materials due to their structural characteristics and the adsorption sites of covalent organic framework materials. In this paper, the research progress of covalent organic framework materials in iodine capture was briefly reviewed. Meanwhile, the prospect of high efficiency iodine-capture covalent organic framework materials on industrialized application is predicted.

High-pressure mercury intrusion analysis of pore structure in typical lithofacies shale

In this paper, statistical research on the characterization of pore and fracture structures is systematically conducted on shale reservoirs in different blocks and under different lithofacies conditions. The impact of lithological characteristics on shale pore fracture structures is revealed, and the coupling mechanism of "high-pressure mercury injection, pore fracture structure, and lithofacies" is clarified. Results show that: (a). When the capillary force is equal to 0.0035 MPa, the pore throat radius is equal to 209.661 μm. (b). There exist turning pressures both in injection curve and removal curve. When the capillary pressure is lower than 100 MPa, the slope of injection curve is high, while when the capillary pressure is higher than 100 MPa, the slope of injection curve becomes lower. (c). The majority of pores is distributed in the pore size interval range from 0.063 μm to 0.004 μm. (d). There are also a certain amount of regular pores in inorganic pores. Part of the pores are secondary intergranular dissolved pores formed by later dissolution.

Fabrication of thermally resistant and mechanically flexible polyimide foams with anisotropic pore structures for thermal insulation and irradiation tolerance applications

Flexible polyimide foams (PIFs) demonstrate a great potential for applications in the fields of thermal insulation, flame retardancy and irradiation tolerance. In this work, mechanically flexible PIFs with anisotropic pore structure were prepared by adopting the copolymerization strategy and microwave-assisted foaming process. The copolymerization reaction was conducted to synthesize polyester ammonium salt (PEAS) precursors using 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) as dianhydride, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as the copolymerized diamines; afterwards, PEAS powders with particle sizes ranging from 100 to 300 μm were obtained by drying, crushing and sieving treatments, which were used as the feedstock for “bottom-up” microwave-assisted foaming and thermal imidization process, thereby leading to the formation of PIFs with regular three-dimensional near-spherical pores in vertical direction (parallel to the pore growth direction) and the aligned ellipsoidal strip-like pore structure in horizontal direction. The directional growth of foam pores resulted in anisotropic mechanical flexibility and thermal insulation performance. Moreover, PIFs possessed excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy with the initial thermal degradation temperature higher than 545 °C and limited oxygen index up to 58.8%. The PIFs exhibited exceptional thermal insulation performance with thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.0276 to 0.0517 W/(m·K) between 25 and 300 °C. Additionally, the PIFs demonstrated excellent irradiation tolerance, with the mechanical and thermal stability retention rate being above 96% after the irradiation experiment (radiation dosage: 1.15 × 105 Gy) using 60Co source. Thus, lightweight PIFs with superior high temperature thermal insulation performance, flame retardancy and irradiation tolerance were successfully prepared, which showed potential applications in aerospace, medical and nuclear power sectors.

Improved enantioselective permeation in cellulose membrane-supported metal–organic framework via polyvinylpyrrolidone as the pore-forming agent

Chiral membranes have limited permeability and selective trade-off, which has been a major problem in chiral membrane separations. To address this issue, the carboxylated cellulose (CC) membranes were prepared with small pore size and low resistance substrate by regulating the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and casting solution, and the CC@CuLBH composite membrane with chiral separation capability was fabricated by in situ formation of well-dispersed [Cu(L-mal)(Bipy)]·H2O (CuLBH) with the carboxyl group on the surface of CC membrane as the metal anchor points. Under the optimal conditions, the CC@CuLBH membrane showed good chiral separation ability with an ee value of 60% for R-1-(1-naphthyl)ethanol (R-NE). Compared with the CC/CuLBH membrane formed by physical blend, the CC@CuLBH membrane exhibited improved enantioselective permeation for R-NE enantiomer. Both the unique chiral microenvironment of CuLBH and the regular pore structure of CC membrane, in addition to their synergistic effects resulted in the highly permeable and enantioselectivity for the CC@CuLBH composite membrane, which broadened the preparation method of chiral membrane.

The Formulation and Characterization of Wound Dressing Releasing S-Nitrosoglutathione from Polyvinyl Alcohol/Borax Reinforced Carboxymethyl Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogel.

Self-healing hydrogels often lack mechanical properties, limiting their wound-dressing applications. This study introduced S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) to self-healing hydrogel-based wound dressings. Self-healing hydrogel mechanical properties were improved via polymer blends. Applying this hydrogel to the wound site allows it to self-heal and reattach after mechanical damage. This work evaluated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based self-healing hydrogels with borax as a crosslinking agent and carboxymethyl chitosan as a mechanical property enhancer. Three formulations (F1, F4, and F7) developed self-healing hydrogels. These formulations had borax concentrations of 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.6%. An FTIR study shows that borate ester crosslinking and hydrogen bonding between polymers generate a self-healing hydrogel. F4 has a highly uniform and regular pore structure, as shown by the scanning electron microscope image. F1 exhibited faster self-healing, taking 13.95 ± 1.45 min compared to other formulations. All preparations had pH values close to neutrality, making them suitable wound dressings. Formula F7 has a high drug content (97.34 ± 1.21%). Good mechanical qualities included high tensile stress-strain intensity and Young's modulus. After 28 h of storage at -20 °C, 5 °C, and 25 °C, the self-healing hydrogel's drug content dropped significantly. The Korsmeyer-Peppas release model showed that the release profile of GSNO followed Fickian diffusion. Thus, varying the concentration of crosslinking agent and adding a polymer affects self-healing hydrogels' physicochemical properties.