Regular Income Research Articles

Арендный бизнес купчих Центрального Черноземья во второй половине XIX в.

This study was conducted from the standpoint of the methodology of women's history. Based on the analysis of the personal destinies of merchant women, the historical experience of women's leadership is investigated. Historical sources for the article were materials from archives (inventories of the property of merchants, spiritual wills, gift agreements, lease agreements, loan agreements). The city authorities kept records of urban real estate objects (lists of homeowners, lists of landowners of urban land, lists of homeowners who have guests). This study is based on the database generated by the author of the article. The database includes 2341 bills of sale. In the second half of the 19th century, merchant women of the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Empire were actively engaged in renting real estate. They rented out houses, guest houses, sheds, barns, baths, cellars, shops, shops, factories, mills. The merchant women rented out premises for the needs of the city, to accommodate educational (secular or ecclesiastical) or administrative institutions in them. The merchant women imposed strict requirements on their tenants to preserve their immovable property. Tenants had to keep the premises clean, light them up, and maintain their proper condition. The rental of real estate brought the merchant women a regular income. This income did not depend on market conditions. The merchant women invested the rental income in other business projects. The merchant women appealed to the courts (local, district, Government Senate) on the issue of protecting their rights when tenants violated the terms of lease agreements.

Factors Affecting Investment Decisions of Permanent School Teachers in Pokhara

Investing is the use of money to increase its worth or generate more revenue. This article has been designed to examine the factors affecting investment decision of permanent school teachers in Pokhara. This study is based on causal comparative research design. It has used structured questionnaire to collect information. Samples were selected by multi sampling technique, selecting the than Chhorepatan Resource Center by purposive sampling in the first and selecting 139 permanent school teachers by simple random sampling in the second stage. The Total population of permanent school teachers of Pokhara Metropolitan City was 1,588 and targeted population was 211. The reliability of data is checked by calculating Cronbach Alpha and it was 0.77. Accounting information (AI), Firm`s Image (FI), Advocate Recommendation (AR), Personal Financial Need (PFA) and Dividend Policy (DP) were independent variable and Investment Decision (ID) was dependent variable. This research discovered that 61.2% of permanent teachers invest their fund in equity share. Lump sum investment method was more popular than systematic investment plan and monthly investment. 80% of permanent teachers invest less than 20% of their savings. Respondents prefers both cash and stock dividend policy. Regular income was found as main objective of investment. Friends and coworker’s advice was also considering while investing in equity share. This research has also presumed that there was positive significant relation between investment decisions and decision factors. It is suggested to the investors of stock market, to analyze the fundamental factors of issuer and the issuer should follow regular dividend policy to attract the value investors toward their securities.

Training and Assistance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) Financial Reporting in Kekeri Village, West Lombok

Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES) Inti Sejahtera is located in Kekeri Village, Gunungsari, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. It has three activity units, including a waste management unit, a development unit, and a trade unit. Of the three existing units, only the waste management unit operates adequately and generates regular income for BUMDes. BUMDes encounters issues in terms of financial management and preparing financial reports that are transparent and adhere to accounting principles. Transaction recording is still conducted manually, hence posing challenges in preparing the necessary financial reports. On the other hand, BUMDes funding comes from PADes, so BUMDes must provide financial reports to the village government as a form of accountability. This community service aims to resolve financial management limitations at BUMDes Inti Sejahtera by providing training and assistance to managers regarding the preparation of BUMDes financial reports. The method carried out is identifying problems in BUMDes (pre-training stage), then providing practical training and assistance in preparing financial reports according to accounting principles using the Microsoft Excel Macro application, which is adapted to BUMDES transaction accounts, as well as conducting evaluation reviews and monitoring of reports prepared by the manager. The outcome of this activity is that BUMDes managers acquire the capability to independently enter transactions and make account adjustments. Furthermore, the results suggest that BUMDes managers possess the necessary knowledge and skills to prepare financial reports in accordance with accounting principles by utilizing the Microsoft Excel macro-application. It can be concluded that BUMDes Inti Sejahtera managers can improve their accounting skills and use technological information to prepare and present BUMDes financial reports.

Состояние преступности в Республике Калмыкия

The article provides an assessment of the state of crime in the Republic of Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the crime level in the Republic of Kalmykia. The tasks set by the author were to analyze statistical data in the republic as a whole and by district; it was also important to consider all-Russian trends and the state of crime in the regions neighboring the republic. In recent years, crime in our country has been undergoing quantitative as well qualitative changes: there is a decrease in the level of violent, property, and youth crime, while the number of cybercrimes is growing. The analysis of statistical data showed that the largest number of crimes is observed in the Rostov region, followed by the Volgograd region and Stavropol Territory, with the lowest number of crimes in the Astrakhan region and Kalmykia. There is a positive trend towards a decrease in the number of registered crimes in the Republic of Kalmykia. According to this indicator, this region occupies one of the leading places in the country. There are two negative trends that have been identified: increase in recidivism and a very high proportion of people without a regular income among those who have committed crimes.

Supporting diamond open access journals

As Article Processing Charges (APC) has been a growing concern in academia and policy making, the need for a model where both authors and readers do not pay – the so-called Diamond, or non-APC model – is regularly called for. However, this call is often combined with questions about its sustainability, particularly in financial terms. To answer this concern, this article explores the practical conditions to implement a direct funding mechanism to Diamond open access journals, that is recurrent money provided by funders to support the publication process. Based on a questionnaire survey sent to more than 1,000 Diamond OA journals, it investigates their financial needs, as well as their capacity to interact with research funding organizations (RFOs). The results are structured around four issues regarding the implementation of a direct funding model. First, most Diamond OA journals already make use of money rather than exclusively relying on support and volunteering. Second, those needs would be fulfilled in the eventuality of a regular income from research funders. Third, under this hypothesis, a vast majority of Diamond OA journals can receive and spend money. Finally, most of these journals could develop funding acknowledgments for each article with the promise of regular income through a direct funding mechanism. The conclusion addresses the challenges that such a recurrent financial stream would spur.

Strategic driver repositioning in ride-hailing networks with dual sourcing

In ride-hailing markets, the spatial mismatch between supply and demand characterizes one of the most fundamental operational bottlenecks. The voluntary customer search of drivers is oftentimes inadequate for narrowing the demand-supply gaps and falls short in responding timely to the dynamic market conditions. To facilitate better supply management, some ride-hailing platforms now adopt a dual-sourcing strategy by converting some freelance drivers as contractors, who would then follow platforms’ guidance on repositioning movements when idle. This paper thus aims to analyze the implications of such a dual-sourcing strategy on the overall operations of ride-hailing services. We consider a monopolistic platform that owns a blended workforce, with freelance drivers searching for customers following their own preferences whilst contracted drivers repositioning in a centralized manner as system actuators. A mixed network equilibrium model is devised to capture the interplay between the idle repositioning movements of both parties. The theoretical existence of the mixed equilibrium is proved, and real-world data is invited to quantify the effects of dual sourcing on various market sectors. Our numerical results confirm the effectiveness of dual sourcing in smoothing operations, increasing customer demand, and driving up the revenue of ride-hailing services. However, the benefit of dual sourcing to the platform remains sensitive to the proportion of contractors in the entire workforce as well as the stimulative commission beyond their regular service income.

The Influence of Age and Income on Financial Planning: A Case Study on its Impact on Retirement Planning Decision

Retirement refers to a stage in life when an individual stops working and transitions into a life of leisure and relaxationwhere involvement in activities decreases and becomes more limited. Even after a person reaches retirement age, a good retirement life needs continued job and a source of regular income. Retirement planning includes financial planning and preparation to ensure a comfortable standard of living after the cessation of employment. Inadequate retirement planning will typically result in some dissatisfaction during retirement. Therefore, it is crucial to have a good retirement plan. The reasonto conduct this study is to examine the significance of demographic variables and its impact while preparing for retirementin India amongst young employees. The objectivehere is determining the importanceofvariables including age and incomewith regard to financial planning for retirement. The study is conducted in Indian context. Age and income are the demographic factors on which the study is conducted. The conclusions of this research will aidpeople of India in creating a sound retirement plan for their future.

The feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of real-time monitors and SMS on tuberculosis medication adherence in southwestern Uganda: Findings from a mixed methods pilot randomized controlled trial.

We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial among patients initiating treatment for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB). Participants received real-time electronic adherence monitors and were randomized (1:1:1) to: (i) daily SMS (reminders to TB patients and notifications to social supporters sent daily for 3 months, then triggered by late or missed dosing for 3 months); (ii) weekly SMS (reminders to TB patients and notifications to social supporters sent weekly for 3 months, then triggered by late or missed dosing for 3 months); or (iii) control (no SMS). Feasibility was mainly verified by the technical function of the intervention at Month 6. The primary outcome was percent adherence as ascertained by the real time monitor. Quantitative feasibility/acceptability data were summarized descriptively. Percentage adherence and adherence patterns were assessed and compared by linear regression models. Qualitative acceptability data was collected through interviews and analyzed using content analysis. Among 63 participants, the median age was 35 years, 75% had no regular income, and 84% were living with HIV. Feasibility was demonstrated as most of the daily [1913/2395 (80%)] and weekly [631/872 (72%)] SMS reminders to TB patients were sent successfully. Also, most of the daily [1577/2395 (66%)] and weekly [740/872 (85%)] SMS notifications to social supporters and adherence data (96%) were sent successfully. Challenges included TB status disclosure, and financial constraints. All patients perceived the intervention to be useful in reminding and motivating them to take medication. Median adherence (IQR) in the daily SMS, weekly SMS, and control arms was 96.1% (84.8, 98.0), 92.5% (80.6, 96.3), and 92.2% (56.3, 97.8), respectively; however, differences between the intervention and control arms were not statistically significant. Real-time monitoring linked to SMS was feasible and acceptable and may have improved TB medication adherence. Larger studies are needed to further assess impact on adherence and clinical outcomes. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03800888. https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT03800888.

Scope for Branding Dora Baran Gamosa Through Intellectual Property Rights and Technology

Dora Baran’s (the groom stole/apparel of the Assamese community) value proposition is created by its contemporary designs, motifs, symbols, yarn richness and, made-to-order provision between the bride and the finesse of customary institution xipinie (Assamese word for Weaver). This apparel can be an avenue for the handloom weavers to increase and sustain a regular household income. However, it needs integrated marketing between buyers and weavers through multiple platforms, and thus, creating a niche or customized market. The business environment for the sector includes about 10,50,189 weavers operating through household looms, self-help groups, unorganized handloom sheds, handloom cooperatives and the regulatory authority of the Directorate of Handloom and Textiles and, policy intervention by the Ministry of Handloom Textile and Sericulture, Directorate of Economics and Statistics Assam. (2022). Statistical Handbook Assam-2022, 54th Edition. Government of Assam. This sector is severely constrained by product consistency, trust and deceptive quality of yarn, distressed sale and an infringement by Ghuni. The intrinsic challenges are depleting artistic weaving skills, revenue leakage from the Assam region, the stagnancy of income through weaving vocation and certain health hazards attributed to the weaving skills and age of the weaver. As a result, the Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) is vanishing due to neo-societal norms and the weavers are switching to commercial weaving, short-term livelihood activities with little scope of sustainability within the local innovation system of the Assam region. The authors argue that the void between the demand side and supply side is due to a lack of trust, generic artistic skill and inconsistency of the yarn and artefact quality. The authors propose policy intervention of synchronizing branding strategy with registration for design rights, rule of law and block-chain technology solutions to imbibe authenticity and reliability across the supply chain.

Enhancing rural Ghanaian women’s economic empowerment: the cassava dough enterprise

ABSTRACT Grounded in a qualitative case study design and relying on key informant interviews and focus group discussion, this study assesses the influence of the cassava dough enterprise on women’s economic empowerment in a rural Ghanaian community. Women in the study community are marginalised in accessing arable land, which is a critical livelihood asset. Cassava dough processing, which is a women-dominated activity, has become an alternative and lucrative business for women. Women's engagement in cassava dough processing is driven by myriad factors that are rooted in their sociocultural settings and gender norms. Women engaged in cassava dough processing and sales have enhanced their economic empowerment through increased access to regular income, improved financial autonomy and saving behaviour, and contributed to community development. The study recommends the need to prioritise policies, programs, and interventions that create an enabling environment for community-based women’s economic empowerment strategies in poor and vulnerable communities.

Securitization Enhancing Liquidity in Kenya

Purpose: This paper aims to explain the benefits of securitization in Kenya’s economy that is to both the government, the private sector, and the Kenya capital market. The paper provides a road map on how the government and private sector can diversify their funding sources, lower borrowing costs, improve liquidity, and transfer risk. It will help offer clear policy direction to government policymakers in efforts geared towards the introduction of asset securitization in the country which will increase liquidity, economic growth, and expansion of capital in the country. The regulator of the financial market Capital Market Authority (CMA) will therefore formulate guidelines and regulatory requirements that can enhance the performance of the securitization industry. The paper will also be useful to corporate strategists of companies as they seek to optimize return considerations in driving shareholder wealth margins. The paper is expected to motivate and be a key reference for future research work in the securitization industry in Kenya. Securitization is one of the innovative products that may be used by government and private firms and investors to increase wealth.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library
 Findings: Securitization will bring benefits in terms of growth in the economy and expansion of capital markets and hence wealth creation. Securitization involves the conversion of a pool of assets with a regular and predictable cash income such as mortgage repayments receivables, and credit card receivables e,t,c into a security or marketable instrument that allows the institution to transact a large number of its assets, which would otherwise not be attractive as individual. The originator who will be the financial institution or the government then creates a legal entity known as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The special purpose vehicle may be in the form of a Limited Liability Company, a trust, a partnership, or even a subsidiary of the Originator. These selected receivables are then transferred to the special purpose vehicle which then becomes the owner of these receivables. The securities to be issued by the special purpose vehicle are usually rated by a rating agency. This is due to the fact that such instruments are unsecured, which will require that investors are protected.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Profit maximising theory and theory of innovation can be used to anchor future studies on securitization enhancing liquidity. If the Government or the financial institution wants to issue 'AAA' rated asset-backed securities or mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs)then they must choose first-class loans not prone to prepayment and default risk where originators conduct their own rating, they select all the best asset bundles for investment. In order to get a favorable rating, the special purpose vehicles can provide credit enhancement to the securities.

GHB: a life-threatening drug complications and outcome of GHB detoxification treatment—an observational clinical study

BackgroundGHB (gammahydroxybutyrate) and its precursors are popular recreational drugs due to their sedative, anxiolytic and sexually stimulating effects. Their use has been steadily increasing in recent years. The detoxification process is complex and prone to high rates of complications while little is known about the pathophysiology. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics of GHB-addicted patients and to evaluate the risks and complications of GHB withdrawal treatment.MethodsThis observational study describes prospectively the socioeconomic status, clinical history and course of inpatient detoxification treatment of a group of 39 patients suffering from GHB substance use disorder. Detoxification treatment took place in a highly specialized psychiatric inpatient unit for substance use disorders.ResultsGHB patients were characterised by being young, well-educated and by living alone. More than 50% of the patients had no regular income. The patients were male and female in equal numbers. Detoxification treatment was complicated, with high rates of delirium (30.8%) and high need for intensive care (20.5%).ConclusionsIn our sample, GHB users were young, well-educated people and male and female in equal number. Detoxification proved to be dangerous for GHB-addicted patients. The presence of delirium and the need for transfer to an intensive care unit during detoxification treatment was extraordinarily high, even with appropriate clinical treatment. The reasons for this remain unknown. Therefore an intensive care unit should be available for GHB detoxification treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the options for prophylactic treatment of delirium during detoxification.

Perception of Women Towards Investment in Different Investment Alternatives

Women are empowered to take active participation in investment activities through financial education and an inclusive investment environment. Several alternatives to investing are available, including mutual funds, real estate, precious metals, savings accounts, and stocks, which offer potential returns through regular income or capital appreciation. Investment alternatives are differentiated by their unique features, risks, returns, and ease of management. Investors, before investing, must take these features into account in relation to their risk tolerance, goals, and time horizon when considering any particular alternative. As women are recognized for making risk-averse investment decisions, their investments are impacted by numerous factors. The primary goal of this study is to understand the investment perception of women towards different investment alternatives. While the main factors influencing investment decisions are return, risk, and liquidity, several other factors specifically influence women investors, such as social and cultural norms, peers, and family members. Primary data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire consisting of Likert scale questions. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The initial results of the survey showed that 70% of the respondents had an average understanding of different investment options, whereas only 5% had high knowledge of different investment alternatives. When it comes to interest in a particular investment, mutual funds are the most preferred alternative. Additionally, 72% of women respondents show a moderate level of risk tolerance among all respondents in the study. Received: 13 June 2024 | Revised: 19 September 2024 | Accepted: 20 September 2024 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Author Contribution Statement Harshini C: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing-original draft, Visualization, Formal analysis, and Project administration. Pooja V: Investigation, Visualization, Validation, and Writing- review & editing. Preeti S Desai: Writing- review & editing, Formatting, and Validation.

The Importance of Savings and Investments When Having No Regular Stable Income: A Case of Covid-19.

The Importance of Savings and Investments When Having No Regular Stable Income: A Case of Covid-19.

The Characteristics of Song Copyright in Bank Debt Guarantees

By focusing on the Indonesian context and based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, this study analyzes the characteristics of copyright to songs as assets that can be pledged as collateral, as well as the impacts and implications of copyright utilization in the financial sector and creative industries. The results of the research show that copyright has the potential to be used as collateral in debt transactions at banks. Factors such as the economic value of the work, exclusive control, legal protection, and regular income allow copyright to be used as collateral. Copyright law regulates the process of guaranteeing, utilizing, and executing copyright as security. The use of copyright as collateral has a positive impact on the financial sector and the creative industry. Diversification of bank portfolios, easier access to finance for creative industry players, as well as increased innovation and creativity are the identified impacts. However, there are also challenges, such as complex copyright value assessments and potential conflicts of interest between rights owners and financial institutions.

Impact of Income Generating Activities on Self-Help Groups Members of Mahabubnagar District of Telangana, India

Whereas there is ample evidence that the Self-Help Groups (SHG) approach is a very effective, efficient, and relevant tool for organizing and empowering the poor, do arise with the design, development, and introduction of programs to promote income-generating activities (IGAs) that will generate sufficient, sustainable and regular income. Mahabubnagar district is one of the 33 districts in the Indian state of Telangana. The district is situated in the Southern Telangana region of the state. The administrative headquarters of the district is situated at Mahabubnagar Urban. The wide range of agricultural activities and allied sources undertaken by the SHG members in the study 11.11 per cent of respondents had dairy and 8.33 per cent of respondents had piggery meager proportion of respondents 6.66 per cent had gone for goattery production. A maximum of less than half 34.44 per cent of the respondents had paddy cultivation as their primary occupation followed by vegetable cultivation engaged by 22.77 per cent of the respondents and 20.00 per cent of SHG members were also involved in sugarcane cultivation. More than one-tenth 15.00 per cent of respondents had gone for banana cultivation whereas a meager proportion of respondents 7.22 per cent had gone for vermicompost production. Several respondents were engaged in individual sources apart from their group to be involved in tailoring 18.88 per cent, pickles making 16.66 percent and toys making 13.88 per cent, Regarding group based activity, napkin preparation 15.00 per cent, curry leaf powder preparation 11.12 cent, foot mat preparation 10.00 per cent and areca plate preparation 10.55 per cent were the major income generating activities found in the study area.

Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Fodder Yield and Quality of Leguminous Fodder: Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)

The contribution of the livestock sector to the Indian Economy is 4.11% of its total GDP and it is nearly 25.6% for total agricultural GDP. Small and marginal farmers are mainly attached to the mixed farming of field crops and dairy animals. Farmers get regular income from their dairy unit and also use dairy animals as economic security. Though India comes under the highest livestock populated countries, the production of milk is lower than expected because of improper feeding quality. Through the last two decades, the demand and price of milk both increase gradually, and farmers are not getting that much profit because of their dependency on ready cattle food. The gross profit after the selling of milk is nearly equal to the feeding expenditure. For the use of paddy straw as dry fodder, the quality and quantity of milk production are decreased. So, green fodder is the best option for livestock as it contains adequate nutrients as well as crude fibre. Among the fodder and forage crops, berseem is the second maximum cultivated fodder crop which possesses a 2 million ha area of fodder crops in India. There are several advantages of berseem as a fodder crop such as a short-duration crop, multi-cut nature, the capability of higher biomass production, the presence of a good amount of crude protein, cellulose, total digestible nutrients and succulent nature. Though Phosphorus and zinc play an antagonistic effect on each other, both are required for the growth and development of berseem crops. From cellular respiration to enzymatic reactions, phosphorus is essential for completing several metabolic activities. Zinc is related to yield and fodder quality by completing plant metabolisms like carbohydrates and auxin production. Adequate management practice is required to maintain the concentration of both nutrients at an optimum level. In Indian soil, zinc is deficient and phosphorus is mostly present in organic form. So, the use of biofertilizers will be effective to convert those complex nutrients form into simple and available for the plant.

Local digital lending development and the incidence of deprivation in Kenya

AbstractIn the developing world, vulnerable communities often lack access to regular income sources to cope with unforeseen events. Recent advancements in financial technology have enabled microcredit to be delivered via digital platforms. Although digital credit may quicken remote access to consumer credit without the need for collateral, little is known about its contribution to the welfare of underserved communities. This study examines the effects of local digital lending development on deprivation and explores the implications of these effects on rural inhabitants. The results show a negative association between local digital lending development and food deprivation on one hand and health deprivation on the other. The evidence suggests that local digital lending development can reduce the probability of food and health deprivation. Furthermore, the evidence reveals that inhabitants of rural communities benefit more from digital lending development. This study recommends the decentralization of financial inclusion policies as a pathway to promote digital lending at the local level.

Empowering Women through Self Help Groups and Women Cooperatives- A Tool for Sustainable Development

Women Empowerment means empowering and emboldening women by political, legal, economic and social means. Women empowerment has been the major goal of every country. Today, Women is by no means less than men in any sphere of life. She contributes equally in the social and economic development of the nation. Both Government and Non-Government agencies play a major role in uplifting the status of women in society by introducing various schemes. Formation of Women Self Help Groups (WSHGs) and Women Cooperatives are the various schemes adopted for women empowerment. One of the highlights is that, in India, ninety percent of the WSHGs and Cooperatives have paved the way to boost the confidence of women by providing them regular income facilities, education and training. The paper mainly attempts to study the role of SHGs and Women Cooperatives in women empowerment with the help of success stories of certain SHGs and Cooperatives and how it is one of the most powerful tools of sustainable development.

Are women more financially vulnerable than men? A tale of missed economic opportunities from Latin America

AbstractMotivationWomen are especially vulnerable to not being able to cover the costs of living or meet sudden demands for funds to pay for emergencies (financial vulnerability). The COVID‐19 pandemic put additional stress on household incomes and the ability to meet emergency expenses, thus bringing into sharp relief the lack of inclusion of women in formal financial systems and the gender gaps between them and men.PurposeHow financially vulnerable are women in Latin America? What causes vulnerability? How do financial inclusion, personality traits, cognitive characteristics, and financial literacy affect financial vulnerability?Methods and approachUsing Financial Capabilities Surveys, we use regression to model the determinants of an index of financial vulnerability for eight countries in Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. We use Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition to establish the extent to which the gender arises from the different characteristics of men and women, or from the way in which such characteristics affect groups.FindingsWe find a gender gap in financial vulnerability in most of the eight countries. Individual characteristics that often explain this gap are socioeconomic, such as belonging to a low socioeconomic class and not having a regular income. In addition to gender and socioeconomic characteristics, the use of savings products, some personality traits (ability to plan, self‐control), economic preferences, and numeracy skills also drive financial vulnerability.Policy implicationsInterventions to reduce financial vulnerability need, first and foremost, to address socioeconomic conditions. People on low incomes will always be financially vulnerable. In addition, programmes to expand financial inclusion and educate people on finances can help. Given the significant gender gaps, more effort must be made to reduce such gaps in education, employment, and social norms.