Regular Duties Research Articles

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in an informal porter

BackgroundUpper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare condition, in which job-related arm movements and repetitive, forceful or overhead arm activities have been recognized as the predisposing factor for this condition. UEDVT can occur among informal porters. This report describes a case of UEDVT in an informal porter due to manual lifting of heavy goods and reviews the literature for occupational reports of this condition.Case descriptionA 35-year-old male informal porter presented with marked swelling, pain, and numbness of his right arm 3 days after a prolonged episode of lifting heavy goods. A Doppler ultrasound showed thrombosis in the right subclavian and axillary veins and laboratory tests found elevated D-dimer. Patient was diagnosed as having axillo-subclavian thrombosis and treated with low molecular-weight heparin. One month after the last follow-up, patient returned to work with modified capacity and after 3 months of return to work, patient was able to resume his regular duties without impairment or disability.ConclusionThe occupation of informal porter should be considered a risk factor for upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT), thus the occupational medicine physician should be aware of this condition in the context of manual workers. Detailed occupational history to aid the diagnosis and future risk assessment are needed, and education for preventing UEDVT should be provided to porters.

A prospective study to know the outcome of midclavicular fractures treated with reconstruction / anatomical plate

Background: Clavicle fractures are the most common injures occurring due to trivial fall on an outstretched hand, RTA or associated with poytrauma. Most of these fractures are treated in conservative methods by using clavicular braces and figure of 8 bandages which resulted in high rates of non/mal union and functional diasability. The aim of the present study is to show the surgical management of midclavicular fracture with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with Recon/Anatomical PlatesMethods: The present study includes a total of 30 patients with mid-clavicular fractures operated with orif with recon/anatomical plates at mahavir institute of medical sciences and general hospital, vikarabad. Results: In a total of 30 patients operated with ORIF were 20 male and 10 were female patients. 22 cases had right clavicle fracture and 8 patients had left clavicle fracture.85% of patients’ sustained injury due to trivial fall, and 15%RTA. All patients were admitted in emergency department and treated. According to Constant Murley scoring system excellent results were seen in 20 patients, good in 6 patients and fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. Conclusions: Mid-clavicular fractures treated with ORIF with plates showed excellent functional outcome, early mobilization, no pain and resume to his/her regular duties, when compared to conservative methods.

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary school teachers.

Historically, major public health issues, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, trigger abruptHistorically, major public health issues, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, trigger abruptand radical changes in daily life, thus causing severe psychological distress to the population.The ease with which the virus seems to be transmitted, combined with the exponentiallyrising number of new cases and the social distancing measures applied, create an atmosphereof fear and alarm. This, in turn, has a pivotal effect on the population's mental health. The aimof this study is to initially investigate the psychological effects of the new COVID-19 pandemic onsecondary school teachers, who in addition to the general aggravation take on the burden of forcedabstinence from their regular work duties and the simultaneous need to adapt themselves to the unprecedentedprocess of distance learning. This is a cross-sectional study in secondary school teachersand was conducted using simple random sampling at the beginning of the pandemic in Greece. Thex2 test was used to examine associations between psychological and other variables. 34% of teacherswere found to feel anxious and very anxious during the pandemic, while only 8% of teachers exhibitsevere depressive emotions. It is also clear that the educators as a professional group are predominantlypossessed by optimism about the outcome of the pandemic, as 71.5% was placed in the higherlevels of the relevant scale. Female gender was found to have a positive correlation to feelings of fear,depression, and a negative correlation to optimism. Furthermore, a negative correlation between theteachers' high educational level and their feelings of optimism emerged from the data. This optimismmay well be related with the large acceptance of the measures taken by the government to curb theexpansion of the pandemic. Finally, it was found that distance teaching, which was abruptly and unpreparedlyimplemented by educators on account of the pandemic, was not a major concern. Thefindings of our study indicate a specific profile of secondary school teachers characterized by mentalresilience, a quality that must be exploited and strengthened by the state with appropriate interventionsin order to maximize their complex, creative work.

Meme Kanserli Bireylerde Manevi Bakımda Hemşirenin Rolü

Fiziksel olarak gelişen bir hastalık beraberinde sosyal ve psikolojik sorunları da getirmektedir. Benzer şekilde ruhsal ve duygusal alandaki dalgalanmalarda, fiziksel açıdan bireyde patolojik sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenle günümüzde hastalar sadece fizyolojik açıdan değil, kültürel, ekonomik, duygusal, manevi ve sosyal yönden de ele alınmaktadır. Hemşireler bireylerin/hastaların biyolojik, psikolojik, sosyal ve manevi durumlarına ve gereksinimlerine göre bakım vermeli ve onların manevi gereksinimlerini karşılamada aktif rol almalıdır. Kanser hastalarının tedavi sürecinde maneviyatın olumlu bir etkisi olmaktadır. Özellikle meme kanserli bireylerin tedavi süresince zor deneyimlerle baş edebilmeleri için desteklenmesinde hastalarla en sık iletişim içerisine giren ve bakımlarından sorumlu olan sağlık çalışanları arasında hemşirelere büyük sorumluluk düşmektedir. Hemşireler meme kanserli hastalara manevi destek verebilmek amacıyla; hastayı yaşama bağlayacak empati ve şefkati gösterebilmeli bunun için de öncelikle hastanın manevi öyküsünü öğrenmelidir. Hemşirelerin hastalara manevi destek sağlayabilmeleri için maneviyat konusu ve önemi hakkında farkındalık kazanmaları çok önemlidir. Bu bilgilerden yola çıkarak hazırlanan derlemede; meme kanserli bireylerde manevi bakımda hemşirelere düzen görevlerin neler olduğu ve manevi bakımın meme kanserli hastalar üzerindeki etkisi literatür bilgilerinden yararlanılarak açıklanmıştır.

Room of horrors – ein low-fidelity Simulationstraining für patientensicherheitsrelevante Gefährdungspotentiale im Klinikalltag

IntroductionEven in well-developed healthcare systems, raising awareness for undesirable dangers and risks of modern healthcare services among the clinical staff is a continuous and methodical challenge. The concept of the so-called “Room of Horrors” is both an innovative and a low-fidelity simulation approach for team-based training of patient safety-relevant hazards. The purpose of this evaluation study is to report on practicability and acceptance of such a low-threshold simulation training. MethodA fictitious patient room including a patient manikin (lying in bed) was set up in the hospital to simulate the Room of Horrors. Additional artifacts such as a side table, medication and the medical record completed the simulation, in which 12 typical errors or latent risks related to patient safety were hidden. After a short briefing, individuals or groups (2–5 participants) should enter the room and try to find as many errors as possible. The error detection rate was evaluated immediately followed by a debriefing. The participants were then asked to answer a short structured questionnaire to provide content-related feedback about the patient safety simulation. ResultsWithin three days, the Room of Horrors was visited by a total of 89 participants (27 teams and 6 individuals). Average error detection rate was 8.54 out of 12 hidden errors (71%), whereby the teams showed a slightly better result. All the surveyed participants found the simulation to be educational and beneficial. The importance of team discussion was particularly emphasized by a majority of participants. 91% of the participants found the wrong patient identification wristband and in spite of a documented lactose intolerance a yogurt on the side table. 88% of the participants recognized the bell which was out of the patients reach. Few participants found the missing indication of a permanent catheter (24%) and a doubled prescription of paracetamol (42%). DiscussionA comparison of several international studies about so-called Rooms of Horrors shows that the present study has a relatively high average detection rate (71%), although a significant percentage of the participants are not engaged in medical or nursing services. Not surprisingly, the average detection of errors of the teams were higher than individuals. This strengthens the theory that a discursive discussion and exchange of dialogue among the clinical staff in a patient's room increases patient safety or at least strengthens situational awareness for clinical risks. The consistently positive feedback coincides with the evaluation results of other clinics and thus demonstrates the acceptance of simulation-based on-site training. The organizational and financial effort to execute the simulation training remained very low (apart from the resulting costs incurred due to the participants missing from their regular hospital duties). Hence, the evaluation study proves practicability and acceptance of this simulation method. ConclusionThe study provides no information about the extent to which the simulation actually influences the behavior and situational awareness of the participants. At least the awareness of the participants for real risks, hazards and errors of modern patient care was raised temporarily. The Room of Horrors can be easily adapted to different learning goals and settings. It is a flexible and practical learning arrangement. In comparison to the organizational and financial efforts involved, the implementation can be recommended without exception.

The association between stress mindset and physical and psychological wellbeing: testing a stress beliefs model in police officers

Objective: Emergency service workers like police officers experience high levels of stress in the course of their regular duties. Holding particular stress mindsets may help to mitigate the deleterious effects of stress and promote wellbeing in workers experiencing regular stress. The study aimed to examine the processes by which stress mindsets relate to health and wellbeing in police officers. A stress beliefs model in which perceived somatic symptoms and coping behaviours mediate effects of stress mindsets on outcomes was tested.Design: Police officers (N = 134) completed an online cross-sectional survey.Main outcome measures: Perceived somatic symptoms, proactive coping behaviours, physical and psychological wellbeing, and perceived stress.Results: Bayesian path analysis with informative priors revealed indirect effects of stress mindsets on psychological wellbeing and perceived stress through proactive coping behaviours and perceived somatic symptoms. Physical and psychological wellbeing, and perceived stress were predicted by stress mindsets directly, and through perceived somatic symptoms.Conclusion: The findings support model predictions that behaviours aimed at proactively meeting demands and perceived somatic symptoms mediated the relationship between stress mindset and health-related outcomes. The findings provide further foundational knowledge on mechanisms through which stress mindset is associated with outcomes and can inform future longitudinal and experimental research.

Teacher Training and Skill Enhancement in India using Innovative Techniques

In the present workforce, it is observed that most people are either unskilled or they find their jobs to be redundant or changing so rapidly that their skills become irrelevant. Earlier research suggests that the present-day education system is marksoriented, based mostly on rote learning, and does not train people with the skill sets required by the industry, thus creating a skill gap. Prior research points out that academicians and industry should work together to bridge this gap. In India, various initiatives have been undertaken by the Indian government, like "ITI Finishing Schools" which are implemented with the help of the Confederation of Indian Industry,or initiatives like "Skill India" and "Startup India", which focus on skill development. Quality education and training are the strategic necessities that can deliver employment skills. As a part of skill enhancement, an employee should not only plan for the skills required for the automated world, but also acquire those that go beyond technical competence. Researchers observed that generic skills like creativity, innovation, imagination, decision making, analytical skills, and design skills will take up the priority spots on the employer's agenda. These skills have to be encouraged in the coming years and should be included in the course of formal education. To handle this daunting task, teachers have to anticipate and plan their activities, which would enhance their students' creativity. This asks for the skill development of teachers in the form of on-the-job training while performing regular teaching duties, which is a lifelong learning process. It has been observed that the children educated through Finnish education system have been doing consistently well. Their skill anticipation and teacher training programs have been yielding good results. So, would it be possible to adapt their model to train teachers in India? If so, then how effectively? What changes need to be incorporated for implementing the same in Indian conditions? This research paper attempts to do a comparative study of education systems prevalent in Finland and India, with emphasis on teacher training and skill enhancement. In the process, also find ways for sustained development of prominent stake holders in education.The paper is based on analogies between Finnish education systems and Indian initiative towards quality education in the form of Draft National Education Policy 2019. The paper outlines the comparisons and possible changes in the Indian education system, based on the review of various literature available today.The conclusion is that, though Finnish education system cannot be adapted as it is in the Indian scenario but can definitely be implemented in certain areas which have been mentioned in the recommendations.

What Motivates Engagement in Work and Other Valued Social Roles Despite Persistent Back Pain?

Purpose The prognosis of persistent back pain is variable, with some individuals adjusting poorly and others continuing to actively engage in work and other valued social roles. The aim of this study was to better understand why some individuals, despite persistent back pain, continue to actively engage in work and other valued social roles. Methods Individuals with persistent back pain, who were participating in their regular duties as a full-time employee, homemaker, student or any combination of these, were recruited from a multidisciplinary pain centre and orthopedic physical therapy clinics in Alberta, Canada. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of 15 participants and a thematic analysis to analyze the data. Results There were two motivators identified for participating in the work role: (1) participation formed part of the participant's self-schema (a cognitive framework that includes one's beliefs about oneself) and (2) participation made it possible to achieve a valued outcome. Conclusions Further understanding of important motivators for maintaining engagement in work and other valued social roles despite persistent back pain can help inform the development of more successful disability and pain management programs.

COVID Operation Theatre- Advisory and Position Statement of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National).

COVID Operation Theatre- Advisory and Position Statement of Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National).

Real-time Processing System for a Quantum Random Number Generator

Quantum random number generators (QRNG) provide quality random numbers, which are essential for cryptography by utilizing the unpredictable nature of quantum mechanics. Advancements in quantum optics made multiple different architectures for these possible. As part of a project aiming to realize a QRNG service, we developed a system capable of providing real-time monitoring and long term data collection while still fulfilling regular processing duties for these devices. In most cases, hardware validation is done by simply running a battery of statistical tests on the final output. Our goal, however, was to create a system allowing more flexible use of these tests, realizing a tool that can also prove useful during the construction of our entropy source for detecting and correcting unique imperfections. We tested this flexibility and the system’s ability to adequately perform the required tasks with simulated sources while further examining the usability of available verification tools within this new custom framework.

Perspective of ophthalmologists providing direct care to COVID-19 positive patients at JIPMER, Puducherry

Dear Editor: Over the past 4 months, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases have been rising exponentially in India.[1] The preparations to tackle the situation had necessitated the recruitment of clinicians from various specialities including ophthalmologists for providing direct care to patients with COVID positive at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. As ophthalmologists, we were initially a little perturbed and uncertain about our role in dispensing duties at the COVID-19 designated hospital of our institute. However, a 1-day workshop on various aspects of evaluation, care, and management of COVID; video-based demonstrations, hands-on training on personal protective equipment (PPE) kit donning and doffing; and post-workshop certification test had eased out most of the initial anxiety, and instilled a sense of self-confidence in us. Since then, we have been performing regular duties as frontline health care workers (HCWs) in the management of COVID positive patients under the supervision of the specialists from the core branches of Medicine and Anaesthesiology. Various responsibilities and duties for Ophthalmologists in the COVID hospital include the screening of patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), eliciting a detailed history of travel and contact as per ICMR guidelines,[2] oropharyngeal and nasal swab collection, transport to lab in viral transport medium (VTM); segregation of patients for admission into intensive care units (ICU), suspect or positive wards; daily monitoring of vitals and treatment charts of the patients; regular counseling of the patients; coordination with the Department of Community Medicine for contact tracing, advice on home quarantine post-discharge and ensuring strict adherence to the quarantine guidelines.[3] We also need to perform fundus evaluation of COVID positive patients admitted with other systemic co-morbidities like cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), and head injury to rule out papilledema. Universal precautions are being followed by us at all instances of potential exposure. We, infact, cannot afford to let our guard down at any point of time. Entry into the COVID wards is allowed only after proper donning of PPE kit performed under the observation of another HCW. Doffing is also done following all steps of the guidelines in a sequential manner. However, as the routine protocols for PPE donning/doffing do not account for handling of ophthalmic instruments, we had to make small modifications to conduct safe fundus evaluation using indirect ophthalmoscope (IO). We use three layers of gloves instead of two, use goggles instead of face shield after PPE donning to minimize fogging, and cover the IO and its wirings with plastic cling film. After performing the examination, the first layer of gloves are removed and 20 D lens is cleaned with soap and water, disinfection of the IO is performed with 95% isopropyl alcohol as per VRSI guidelines.[4] Routine sequence of PPE kit doffing is then performed in sequence with the remaining two layers of gloves. There is no scope for allowing any PPE breach while performing our role as frontline HCWs. In case any breach is noted, we are advised to doff immediately, report to the institute HCW helpline and do exposure risk assessment. Few instances of PPE breach that we noted in our fellow HCWs were mostly related to improper fitting of n95 masks. To conclude, these new responsibilities do come with some degree of stress owing to the exponentially increasing new case load; fear of potential exposure; deprivation from surgical training for the residents; depleted academics and clinical training; and prolonged social distancing. To mitigate this stress, regular counseling of the residents, involvement in virtual classrooms, and wet lab practice is being advocated and followed at our institute. Our stint and experience at COVID hospital, however, provides us with a unique opportunity to actively participate in the fight against the COVID pandemic, apart from performing our routine duties as Ophthalmologists. The pandemic is here to stay and therefore, our role as frontline warriors at COVID hospital will continue. In times to come, Ophthalmologists and other non-core branch specialists in other institutes as well will have to play a major role in fighting the pandemic apart from managing their respective speciality cases. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Evaluation of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) in terms of their Suitability for Tasks

In the context of hospital information systems (HIS), "suitability for the task" refers to several factors, including not imposing additional tasks on users, executing everyday activities in their entirety, and displaying all relevant information on the screen. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling strategy was utilized to select hospitals to participate in the study. In other words, the first thing done was to locate hospitals with companies that supplied them with health information systems. Then, one hospital was selected among those that were provided funding by each of the companies. The ISO Metric Standard Questionnaire 9241 was utilized for this investigation. The evaluation of HIS aptitude for the job will be based on his responses to these 15 questions in the questionnaire. The data were examined by employing descriptive tests and the software SPSS. According to the investigation results, the average number of HIS characteristics suitable for the undertaking was 3.04 out of 5. This feature has an average rating of 2.96 out of 5 stars from paraclinical users. The scores of 3.03 and 3.13 given by secretaries and nurses, respectively, are presented here. Items that received bad ratings, such as the imposition of tasks that were not within the user's obligations, highlight the fact that the majority of users consider that such systems are not following their responsibilities, despite all of the claims that have been made regarding the benefits of computer information systems in the field of medicine. In other words, these kinds of systems have not only failed to simplify the regular duties of their users, but they have also resulted in the users having to execute those actions multiple times. The users initially write the data down on paper before entering it into the digital information systems. As a result, those responsible for developing computerized information systems used in healthcare should emphasize the appropriateness of these systems for the job.

The list. On discretion and refusal in the Italian asylum system

ABSTRACT Drawing on the ethnographic account of the everyday functioning of an asylum support service in the North of Italy, this article explores contradictory tasks and thorny dilemmas of caseworkers engaged in the assistance to asylum seekers. In the name of the constraints imposed by a system on ‘permanent crisis’, asylum caseworkers find themselves engaged in discretionary processes of aid distribution, embedded in blurred subjective criteria. By doing so, they tacitly accept a burden of responsibility over asylum seekers’ lives that goes far beyond their regular duties. Yet, at times, some caseworkers refuse to comply with some of the directions – implicit or explicit – given by their coordinators. Their critical stance, although restricted by their institutional positioning, holds the potential of shedding light into some of the contradictions of the asylum bureaucratic machine. This scenario offers important insights on the open-ended reconfigurations of the relationships between ‘state power’ and ‘state intermediaries’, as well as on the possibility of producing forms of agency from within the system of state-managed humanitarian aid distribution.

Incentives for public goods inside organizations: Field experimental evidence

Understanding why employees go the extra mile at work is a key problem for many organizations. We conduct a field experiment at a medical organization to study motivations for employees to submit project proposals for organizational improvement. In total, we analyze 1237 employees, 118 proposals, and quality evaluations for more than 12,000 evaluator-proposal pairs. The analysis shows that solicitations offering a personal reward for top submissions boost participation rates without affecting submission quality. We show that this is due to workers partially internalizing the positive effects of their submissions on the other individuals in the workplace. We also find that offering employees project funding to implement their own proposals potentially backfires, undermining participation. And solicitations emphasizing mission-oriented goals, like improving patient care, are sensitive to the solicited person’s gender, with women responding more than men. These results shed light on the factors that drive employees’ engagement in organizational tasks, beyond regular duties, and provide insights on how to design incentives to foster contributions to public goods inside organizations.

Occupational Exposure Risk for Swine Workers in Confined Housing Facilities

Extended exposure of swine barn workers to noise and airborne contaminants has been reported to be associated with various health problems. In this study, the actual exposure of workers to respirable dust, gases (ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), and noise in swine production operations was monitored in order to determine the contribution of specific activities in the barn to potential adverse health impacts to swine workers. Selected workers in a swine barn facility were outfitted with a personal monitoring system that included a respirable dust sampler, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas monitors, and a noise dosimeter as they performed their regular duties during their workday. From a total of 50 monitoring days spanning winter and summer months, results showed that the occupational exposure of swine workers to respirable dust, NH3, H2S, and noise while performing their daily assigned tasks was generally below the respective time-weighted average exposure limits for each hazard. However, a number of tasks showed high likelihood for elevated occupational exposure risk. Respirable dust concentrations exceeded the time-weighted average limit of 3 mg m-3 while feeding and weighing pigs. These activities also exceeded the short-term exposure limit (35 ppm) for NH3. Dangerous levels of H2S were generated when draining manure from manure collection pits in the production rooms. Noise levels exceeded the recommended 15 min exposure limit (100 dBA) when weighing and loading pigs for market. The occupational exposure risks for workers to barn contaminants can be reduced through measures that control the generation of contaminants at their source, by removing generated contaminants from the work environment, as well as by outfitting the workers with protective devices that prevent personal exposure to contaminants.

Indexes of cardiac autonomic profile detected with short term Holter ECG in health care shift workers: a cross sectional study.

Background:The assessment of early effect of shift work-related circadian rhythms desynchronization and work-related stress in health care workers has gained a primary role among the duties of the occupational physician.Objectives:Aim of our study was to assess the cardiac autonomic modulation through quantification of sinus rhythm variability, as an index of the adaptability to shift work of the cardiovascular system in healthcare shift workers.Methods:We measured Heart Rate Variability (HRV) by short-term (60 minutes) Holter Electrocardiography (ECG) during the regular duties in the respective department of 42 healthcare workers (31 nurses and 11 physicians) of an Italian Hospital (12 male and 30 females, aged 24-58 years), working on 3 shifts with a forward fast rotation with rest at the end of the night shift (7 am - 2 pm; 2 pm - 10 pm; 10 pm - 7 am) or in a fixed daytime shift (8 am - 2 pm). Measurements were all performed between 9 am and 12 am for fixed day workers and between 9 am and 12 pm or between 10 pm and 1 am for shift workers. The following HRV parameters were compared between the subgroups of shift workers and daytime workers: mean heart rate (HR), standard deviation of all normal RR (NN) intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-minute segments of a recording (SDaNN) and the triangular index (the integral of the density distribution divided by the maximum of the density distribution). We used parametric tests for independent series to compare HRV parameters by subgroups within the study subjects. We also tested correlation between the variables of interest and the association between HRV and shift work modality, along with other covariates, by means of a multiple linear regression analysis.Results:We found significantly lower values of SDaNN in shift workers compared with workers engaged solely on day shifts (50.80 ms vs 66.71 ms; p=0,014). The mean heart rate did not show any significant difference between day workers and shift workers (85.78 bmp vs 85.53 bpm respectively). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between SDNN and female gender and age, while no significant associations were found between HRV and shift work.Discussion:The autonomic control of the heart rhythm could be disrupted by desynchronization of the biological rhythm secondary to the organization of shift work and night work. Shift work is an important factor of social and biological distress, influencing the adaptability of the cardiovascular system to stimuli and demands of work organization.

Grid Ancillary Services From Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Energy Conversion System: A Review

Modern electrical grids face serious challenges to maintain healthy operational conditions. The nominal voltage and frequency, for instance, are affected by huge load changes and renewable energy integration. Renewable energy conversion systems are traditionally installed to provide active power. Fortunately, advanced renewable energy conversion systems have the ability to provide other facilities such as reactive power control and harmonic mitigation. In fact, recent grid codes obligate renewable energy systems to serve other duties such as generating reactive power rather than just simply supply active power, participate in fault ride through, for instance. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS), which provides ancillary services to the grid along with performing its regular duties. These services include reactive power control, voltage ride through, power quality improvement, frequency control, and power oscillation damping. The literature survey and comparative studies show that the DFIG-based WECS has the ability to support electrical grid during normal and transient conditions, and it can also help in the large-scale renewable energy penetration to the power grid. The effect of different industrial and nonlinear controllers on DFIG performance in extracting grid ancillary services is highlighted.

Nurses’ Advocacy of Clinical Pain Management in Hospitals: A Qualitative Study

Background and AimsIn hospitals, efficient pain care given by nurses is warrented because pain prevalence in the previous 24 hours has been reported to be high. This study aims to clarify nurse’s experiences with pain management as a specific responsibility added to their regular clinical duties. In addition, this study aims to elucidate these nurses’ attitudes about sharing their pain knowledge with their colleagues. Design, Participants and MethodsThis study includes semi-structured interviews of 17 registered staff nurses at the University Hospital, Linköping Sweden. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. ResultsA main thematic category emerged: Selected nurses experience shortcomings and obstacles in clinical pain management and are willing to improve their knowledge and share it with their colleagues. This main category was based on the following four sub-categories: a valued but unclear assignment; the presence of facilitators and obstacles; in need of support and collaboration; and a deficit of own knowledge and future teaching of colleagues. ConclusionsOverall, the nurses maintained a constructive attitude about their responsibilities to teach colleagues about pain management in spite the difficulties they experienced fulfilling all their responsibilities. Nurses who have the added responsibility to teach their colleagues pain management need specialized education in pain management and pedagogic skills for teaching clinical pain management. Moreover, these nurses need to be given the time, support, and collaborative opportunities to develop their knowledge. A nursing model that provides nurses trained in pain management education should be developed and evaluated.

Study of Academician Leadership Type and Innovational Approach

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is any difference in the leadership and innovation approaches of the academicians who teach in different fields in terms of gender, if doing sports, title, seniority, administrative duty and marital status variables. The information form developed by the researcher in this research and the Leadership Styles and Innovation Approach inventory developed by Eysenck and Eysenck in 1975 and adapted to Turkish by Bayram in 2013 were used [3]. The sample of the study consists of 232 male and 33 female academicians from Mustafa Kemal University working in different branches of education selected by using random sampling method. Non-parametric analysis methods have been preferred because of the distributions of the obtained data. Participants' gender, marital status, regular sports activities, academic title, administrative duties and occupational seniority were found to have significant differences in terms of scale sub-dimensions in terms of all demographic values. When looking at the correlation values of the study, it is also found that there are significant relationships among the sub-dimensions.

Young professionals

I joined the Manitoba Hydro High Voltage Test Facility as an Insulation Systems Test Engineer in January 2016. As part of my regular duties, I plan, coordinate, and execute accelerated aging and diagnostic tests on generator stator coils/bars for external commercial customers and Manitoba Hydro. Since day one, my supervisor, Nathan Jacob, has recommended that I attend the Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC) and IEEE Materials Subcommittee Working Group meetings. He emphasized that attending the EIC not only benefits our Test Facility but also my professional development and future career progression.