Regular Black Hole Solutions Research Articles

Radiating Kerr-like regular black hole

We derive a radiating regular rotating black hole solution, radiating Kerr-like regular black hole solution. We achieve this by starting from the Hayward regular black hole solution via a complex transformation suggested by Newman-Janis. The radiating Kerr metric, the Kerr-like regular black hole and the standard Kerr metric are regained in the appropriate limits. The structure of the horizon-like surfaces are also determined.

Energy Distribution of a Regular Black Hole Solution in Einstein-Nonlinear Electrodynamics

A study about the energy momentum of a new four-dimensional spherically symmetric, static and charged, regular black hole solution developed in the context of general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics is presented. Asymptotically, this new black hole solution behaves as the Reissner-Nordström solution only for the particular valueμ=4, whereμis a positive integer parameter appearing in the mass function of the solution. The calculations are performed by use of the Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Weinberg, and Møller energy momentum complexes. In all the aforementioned prescriptions, the expressions for the energy of the gravitating system considered depend on the massMof the black hole, its chargeq, a positive integerα, and the radial coordinater. In all these pseudotensorial prescriptions, the momenta are found to vanish, while the Landau-Lifshitz and Weinberg prescriptions give the same result for the energy distribution. In addition, the limiting behavior of the energy for the casesr→∞,r→0, andq=0is studied. The special caseμ=4andα=3is also examined. We conclude that the Einstein and Møller energy momentum complexes can be considered as the most reliable tools for the study of the energy momentum localization of a gravitating system.

Regular black holes with a nonlinear electrodynamics source

We construct several charged regular black hole metrics employing mass distribution functions which are inspired by continuous probability distributions. Some of these metrics satisfy the weak energy condition and asymptotically behave as the Reissner--Nordstr\"om black hole. In each case, the source to the Einstein equations corresponds to a nonlinear electrodynamics model, which in the weak field limit becomes the Maxwell theory (compatible with the Maxwell weak field limit or approximation). Furthermore, we include other regular black hole solutions that satisfy the weak energy condition, and some of them correspond to the Maxwell theory in the weak field limit.

Slowly rotating regular black holes with a charged thin shell

We obtain rotating solutions of regular black holes which are constructed of de Sitter spacetime with the axisymmetric stationary perturbation within the timelike charged thin shell and the Kerr-Newman geometry with sufficiently small rotation outside the shell. To treat the slowly rotating thin shell, we employ the method developed by de la Cruz and Israel. The thin shell is assumed to be composed of a dust in the zero-rotation limit and located inside the inner horizon of the black hole solution. We expand the perturbation in powers of the rotation parameter of the Kerr-Newman metric up to the second order. It is found that with the present treatment, the stress tensor of the thin shell in general has anisotropic pressure, i.e., the thin shell cannot be composed of a dust if the rotational effects are taken into account. However, the thin shell can be composed of a perfect fluid with isotropic pressure if the degrees of freedom appearing in the physically acceptable matching of the two distinct spacetimes are suitably used. We numerically investigate the rotational effects on the spherically symmetric charged regular black hole obtained by Uchikata, Yoshida, and Futamase in detail.

Generating rotating regular black hole solutions without complexification

We drop the complexification procedure from the Newman-Janis algorithm and introduce more physical arguments and symmetry properties, and we show how one can generate regular and singular rotating black hole and non-black-hole solutions in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We focus on generic rotating regular black holes and show that they are regular on the Kerr-like ring but physical entities are undefined there. We show that rotating regular black holes have much smaller electric charges, and, with increasing charge, they turn into regular non-black-hole solutions well before their Kerr-Newman counterparts become naked singularities. No causality violations occur in the region inside a rotating regular black hole. The separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for neutral particles is also carried out in the generic case, and the innermost boundaries of circular orbits for particles are briefly discussed. Other, but special, properties pertaining to the rotating regular counterpart of the Ay\'on-Beato--Garc\'{\i}a regular static black hole are also investigated.

Absorption of planar massless scalar waves by Bardeen regular black holes

Accretion of fields by black holes is a subject of great interest in physics. It is known that accretion plays a fundamental role in active galactic nuclei and in the evolution of black holes. Accretion of fundamental fields is often related to the study of absorption cross section. Basically all black holes for which absorption of fields has been studied so far present singularities. However, even within general relativity, it is possible to construct regular black holes: objects with event horizons but without singularities. Many physically motivated regular black hole solutions have been proposed in the past years, demanding the understanding of their absorption properties. We study the absorption of planar massless scalar waves by Bardeen regular black holes. We compare the absorption cross section of Bardeen and Reissner--Nordstr\"om black holes, showing that the former always have a bigger absorption cross section for fixed values of the field frequency and of the normalized black hole charge. We also show that it is possible for a Bardeen black hole to have the same high-frequency absorption cross section of a Reissner--Nordstr\"om black hole. Our results suggest that, in mid-to-high-frequency regimes, regular black holes can have compatible properties with black holes with singularities, as far as absorption is concerned.

Rotating regular black hole solution

Based on the Newman-Janis algorithm the Ayon-Beato-Garcia spacetime metric of the regular spherically symmetric, static and charged black hole has been converted into rotational form. It is shown that the derived solution for rotating regular black hole is regular and the critical value of the electric charge $Q$ for which two horizons merge into one sufficiently decreases in the presence of nonvanishing angular momentum $a$ of the black hole.

Exact asymptotically flat charged hairy black holes with a dilaton potential

We find broad classes of exact 4-dimensional asymptotically flat black hole solutions in Einstein-Maxwell theories with a non-minimally coupled dilaton and its non-trivial potential. We consider a few interesting limits, in particular, a regular generalization of the dilatonic Reissner-Nordstr{\"o}m solution and, also, smooth deformations of supersymmetric black holes. Further examples are provided for more general dilaton potentials. We discuss the thermodynamical properties and show that the first law is satisfied. In the non-extremal case the entropy depends, as expected, on the asymptotic value of the dilaton. In the extremal limit, the entropy is determined purely in terms of charges and is independent of the asymptotic value of the dilaton. The attractor mechanism can be used as a criterion for the existence of the regular solutions. Since there is a `competition' between the effective potential and dilaton potential, we also obtain regular extremal black hole solutions with just one U(1) gauge field turned on.

Exact hairy black brane solutions in 5D anti–de Sitter space and holographic renormalization group flows

We construct a general class of exact, regular black hole solutions with toroidal horizon topology in 5-dimensional AdS gravity with a self-interacting scalar field. Due to the non-trivial backreaction of the scalar field, the no-hair theorems can be evaded so that an event horizon can be formed. The scalar field is regular everywhere outside the curvature singularity and it vanishes at the boundary where the potential is finite. We study the properties of these black holes in the context of AdS/CFT duality and comment on the dual operators, which saturate the unitarity bound. We present exact expressions for the beta-function and construct a c-function that characterizes the RG flow.

Quasinormal modes of regular black holes

Black hole quasinormal frequencies are complex numbers that encode information on how a black hole relaxes after it has been perturbed and depend on the features of the geometry and on the type of perturbations. On the one hand, the examples studied so far in the literature focused on the case of black hole geometries with singularities in their interior. On the other hand, it is expected that quantum or classical modifications of general relativity may correct the pathological singular behavior of classical black hole solutions. Despite the fact that we do not have at hand a complete theory of quantum gravity, regular black hole solutions can be constructed by coupling gravity to an external form of matter, sometimes modeled by one form or another of nonlinear electrodynamics. It is therefore relevant to compute quasinormal frequencies for these regular solutions and see how differently, from the ordinary ones, regular black holes ring. In this paper, we take a step in this direction and, by computing the quasinormal frequencies, study the quasinormal modes of neutral and charged scalar field perturbations on regular black hole backgrounds in a variety of models.

New solutions of charged regular black holes and their stability

We construct new regular black hole solutions by matching the de Sitter solution and the Reissner-Nordstrom solution with a timelike thin shell. The thin shell is assumed to have mass but no pressure and obeys an equation of motion derived from Israel's junction conditions. By investigating the equation of motion for the shell, we obtain stationary solutions of charged regular black holes and examine stability of the solutions. Stationary solutions are found in limited ranges of 0.87L < m < 1.99L, and they are stable against small radial displacement of the shell with fixed values of m, M, and Q if M>0, where L is the de Sitter horizon radius, m the black hole mass, M the proper mass of the shell and Q the black hole charge. All the solutions obtained are highly charged in the sense of Q/m >0.866. By taking the massless limit of the shell in the present regular black hole solutions, we obtain the charged regular black hole with a massless shell obtained by Lemos and Zanchin and investigate stability of the solutions. It is found that Lemos and Zanchin's regular black hole solutions given by the massless limit of the present regular black hole solutions permit stable solutions, which are obtained by the limit of M -> 0.

No-hair conjecture for Einstein-Plebański nonlinear electrodynamics static black holes

The no-hair conjecture statement is enhanced to include static regular and singular black-hole solutions, based on the class of nonlinear electrodynamics proposed by Pleba\ifmmode \acute{n}\else \'{n}\fi{}ski coupled to Einstein theory. In particular, we focus, as example, on regular black-hole solutions, i.e., black holes where the space-time metric everywhere is nonsingular, in the framework of General Relativity theory. Time-reversal invariance implies the existence of two separate non-overlapping cases: a purely gravito-electric case, and a purely gravito-magnetic one. We prove the enhanced no-hair conjecture for both cases. Moreover, the generalization of the conjecture including also the couplings to non-Abelian matter is also discussed.

Localization of energy for a regular black hole solution in an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime geometry

Abstract The energy and momentum distributions of a regular black hole in a four-dimensional, asymptotically de Sitter spacetime geometry are computed, whereby the Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Weinberg and Møller energy-momentum complexes are utilized. It is found, for all prescriptions applied, that the momentum distribution vanishes, while the energy distribution depends on the mass parameter M, the electric charge Q, and the cosmological constant Λ. In addition, various limiting cases are discussed.

Regular black holes: Electrically charged solutions, Reissner-Nordström outside a de Sitter core

To have the correct picture of a black hole as a whole, it is of crucial importance to understand its interior. The singularities that lurk inside the horizon of the usual Kerr-Newman family of black hole solutions signal an endpoint to the physical laws and, as such, should be substituted in one way or another. A proposal that has been around for sometime is to replace the singular region of the spacetime by a region containing some form of matter or false vacuum configuration that can also cohabit with the black hole interior. Black holes without singularities are called regular black holes. In the present work, regular black hole solutions are found within general relativity coupled to Maxwell's electromagnetism and charged matter. We show that there are objects which correspond to regular charged black holes, whose interior region is de Sitter, whose exterior region is Reissner-Nordstr\"om, and the boundary between both regions is made of an electrically charged spherically symmetric coat. There are several types of solutions: regular nonextremal black holes with a null matter boundary, regular nonextremal black holes with a timelike matter boundary, regular extremal black holes with a timelike matter boundary, and regular overcharged stars with a timelike matter boundary. The main physical and geometrical properties of such charged regular solutions are analyzed.

Energy of the Bardeen model using an approximate symmetry method

In this paper, we investigate the energy problem in general relativity using approximate Lie symmetry methods for differential equations. This procedure is applied to the Bardeen model (the regular black-hole solution). Here, we are forced to evaluate the third-order approximate symmetries of the orbital and geodesic equations. It is shown that energy must be re-scaled by some factor in the third-order approximation. We discuss the insights into this re-scaling factor.

Rotating black holes with equal-magnitude angular momenta in d = 5 Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory

We construct rotating black hole solutions in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory in five spacetime dimensions. These black holes are asymptotically flat, and possess a regular horizon of spherical topology and two equal-magnitude angular momenta associated with two distinct planes of rotation. The action and global charges of the solutions are obtained by using the quasilocal formalism with boundary counterterms generalized for the case of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. We discuss the general properties of these black holes and study their dependence on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant $\alpha$. We argue that most of the properties of the configurations are not affected by the higher derivative terms. For fixed $\alpha$ the set of black hole solutions terminates at an extremal black hole with a regular horizon, where the Hawking temperature vanishes and the angular momenta attain their extremal values. The domain of existence of regular black hole solutions is studied. The near horizon geometry of the extremal solutions is determined by employing the entropy function formalism.

Black holes and black strings in plane waves

We investigate the construction of black holes and black strings in vacuum plane wave spacetimes using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. We find solutions of the linearised equations of motion in the asymptotic region for a general source on a plane wave background. We observe that these solutions do not satisfy our previously defined conditions for being asymptotically plane wave. Hence, the space of asymptotically plane wave solutions is restricted. We consider the solution in the near region, treating the plane wave as a perturbation of a black object, and find that there is a regular black string solution but no regular black hole solution.

NEITHER BLACK HOLES NOR REGULAR SOLITONS: A NO-GO THEOREM

By studying the BPS equations for electrostatic and spherically symmetric configurations in N = 2, d = 5 gauged supergravity with vector multiplets and hypermultiplets coupled, we demonstrate that no regular supersymmetric black hole solutions of this kind exist. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is not possible to construct supersymmetric regular solitons that have the above symmetries. As a consequence the scalar flow associated to the BPS solutions is always unbounded.

Regular and quasi black hole solutions for spherically symmetric charged dust distributions in the Einstein–Maxwell theory

Static spherically symmetric distributions of electrically counterpoised dust (ECD) are used to construct solutions to Einstein–Maxwell equations in the Majumdar–Papapetrou formalism. Unexpected bifurcating behaviour of solutions with regard to source strength is found for localized, as well as for the delta-function ECD distributions. Unified treatment of general ECD distributions is accomplished and it is shown that for certain source strengths one class of regular solutions approaches Minkowski spacetime, while the other comes arbitrarily close to black hole solutions.

Global properties of dilatonic Gauss–Bonnet black holes

We study the phase space of the spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet system nonminimally coupled to a scalar field and show that in four dimensions the only regular black-hole solutions are asymptotically flat.