Registration Fee Research Articles

Impact of regulatory policy changes on access to medicine in Nigeria, Africa

This paper explores the impact of regulatory policy changes on access to medicines in Nigeria, examining both the positive advancements and the challenges that have arisen. Recent reforms have accelerated access to innovative therapies through streamlined drug approval processes and improved pharmacovigilance measures, ensuring higher quality and safer medicines for the population. Furthermore, Nigeria's participation in regional initiatives like the African Medicines Agency (AMA) has fostered regulatory harmonization, improving cross-border medicine access across Africa. However, these regulatory changes have also placed financial burdens on local manufacturers, hindered by high compliance costs and registration fees. Additionally, intellectual property protections under TRIPS have delayed the availability of affordable generic medicines, increasing the country's reliance on imports. The paper highlights key recommendations for Nigeria to balance regulatory stringency with access to affordable medicines, including promoting local pharmaceutical manufacturing, refining intellectual property policies, and enhancing the capacity of regulatory agencies. Continuous reform and regional collaboration are essential to ensuring equitable access to medicines in Nigeria, supporting the nation's response to public health challenges, and fostering long-term improvements in healthcare outcomes.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LEGAL PROTECTION TOWARDS COPYRIGHTS OF NEW CREATION DANCE CHOREOGRAPHY IN LAMPUNG

The copyright law determines that the state holds a copyright owner regarding traditional cultural expressions. What if a cultural expression undergoes renewal and creates a new dance with a traditional theme. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of the legal protection of intellectual property rights as well as constraints in determining the legal owner of the copyright of the creation of new dance choreographies in Lampung. The socio-legal approach whereby the research method, focuses on seeing the law through a combination of normative analysis (juridical legal norms) and non-legal science approaches. The data used are primary data and secondary data using qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights based on the Copyright Law of 2014 is necessary provided to prevent an infringement of a copyrighted work, especially new creative dance creations, preventive actions that can be taken to protect dance creations. A new creation is by recording the work regulated in Articles 66-67 of the Copyright Law. This legal protection is given to find a solution in defending the rights of the work's creator. The obstacle needs to be understand property to again more understanding of the importance of copyright registration, the registration procedure and process, which are still considered complicated, and the registration fee, which is still deemed burdensome to artists.

The Teaching Council, teacher registration fees, and pedagogic incursions

The Teaching Council, teacher registration fees, and pedagogic incursions

The health and educational impact of removing financial constraints for school sport.

Financial barriers often restrict sport participation among children from low-income families. Schools are thought to offer equitable access to programming, including school sport participation. However, pay-to-play school sport models can inhibit participation among students from low-income households. Recognizing the potential benefits of school sport and realizing the financial barriers to participation, the purpose of this study was to understand the extent to which school sport promotes educational experiences and holistic well-being of Canadian youth from low-income families. A case study was conducted with stakeholders who were supported by funding from a non-profit organization to help cover the costs of school sport registration fees. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with low-income students and their parents, teacher-coaches and school administrators. Three overarching themes were representative of the experiences of school sport participation among low-income students: (1) healthy student-athletes, (2) developing student-athletes in school, for life, and (3) supporting student-athletes as a community. The participants perceived that school sport participation offered holistic health benefits, and developed skills and behaviours that support positive educational experiences and foster life skills. Further, our results highlighted the importance of the school community in supporting low-income students to participate in school sport teams and the need to reframe school sport to better support low-income families.

Continuing professional development system for health-care professions, Egypt.

While the regulatory framework for medical education in Egypt has rapidly evolved, the progress of developing a system for continuing professional development has been slow. In 2018 the government approved legislation establishing a regulatory authority for continuing professional development and added expectations for continuing professional development as a condition of relicensure for physicians in Egypt. The new authority has deployed a provider-accreditation model that sets criteria for educational quality, learning outcomes, independence from industry, and tracking of learners. Only accredited providers can submit continuing professional development accredited activities. Despite regulatory and administrative support there have been several barriers to the implementation of the system including limited availability of funding, lack of suitable training venues and equipment for hands-on training, and resistance from the profession. As of March 2022, 112 continuing professional development providers have achieved accreditation, and deployed 154 accredited continuing professional development activities. The majority of accredited providers were medical associations (64%) and higher education institutions (18%), followed by medical foundations and nongovernmental organizations (13%) and health-care facilities (5%). One electronic learning platform has been accredited. Any entity with commercial interests cannot be accredited as a continuing professional development provider. Funding of continuing professional development activities can be derived from provider budgets, programme registration fees or appropriate sponsors. Funding from industry is limited to unrestricted educational grants. The foundations for an effective continuing professional development system have been established in Egypt with the aim of achieving international recognition.

Medical Students' Exposure to Plastic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Review of Scholarly and Academic Opportunities.

Background:Specialty exposure is most influential in a medical student’s decision to pursue plastic surgery training. We aimed to understand what opportunities exist for students through national plastic surgery organizations.Methods:The American Board of Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and The Aesthetic Society provide online lists of related organizations. Cross-referencing lists yielded 47 unique organizations. Screening for presence of annual meeting and relevance to student and resident education yielded 14 organizations. Bylaws/web-domains were reviewed for information related to the annual meeting, leadership opportunities, membership, grants, and travel scholarships. If available, previrtual/in-person and virtual meeting prices were collected. Lastly, discrepancies between webpage information and phone/email correspondence were noted.Results:All (100%) organizations welcomed students at annual meetings. Eleven promoted student presentation/submission. Average student registration fee was $109.3 ± SD$136.5 compared with $181.20 ± SD$157.20 for residents. Of organizations providing previrtual and virtual pricing (n = 10, 71.4%), there was an average price reduction in student registration of $92 (range: $0–375). Average student membership was $31.70/year ± SD $45.50 compared with $38.80 per year ± SD $65.90 for residents. The percentages of organizations offering student research grants, travel scholarships, and national student leadership were 21.4% (n = 3), 35.8% (n = 5), and 28.6% (n = 4) respectively. No organizations had student chapters/committees. All organizations (100%) contained at least one discrepancy between webpage/bylaw and email/phone.Conclusions:Our results suggest that although national opportunities seem to be limited, a role exists for further engagement, with interested students eager to take the initiative. Virtual conferences present a lower-cost alternative for students and residents.

Tanggung Gugat PPIU Terhadap Batalnya Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

Covid-19 is a non-natural national disaster stipulated by Presidential Decree No. 12 of 2020 concerning Disaster Declaration in the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) As a National Disaster. The Covid-19 pandemic caused the PPIU's (Umrah Service Organizing Committee) achievement to be carried out in the form of the implementation of the Umrah pilgrimage, which caused the PPIU to fail by default. This study uses a normative juridical research method, where the legal problems that occur will be analyzed by the authors using a statutory approach and literature study. The results of this study itself show that the failure of the departure of prospective Umrah pilgrims caused by the Covid-19 pandemic cannot be said to be a force majeure condition, because the Umrah travel agreement contained in the Decree of the Director General of Haji and Umrah Organization Number 323 of 2019 concerning guidelines for the registration of Umrah pilgrims did not explain for certain that the Covid-19 pandemic itself was said to be a force majeure condition, so that the PPIU continued to provide accountability without having to prove fault from the PPIU. The responsibility given is in the form of renegotiation between the PPIU and prospective pilgrims in the form of rescheduling the Umrah pilgrimage trip after the Covid-19 pandemic and refunding registration fees for prospective pilgrims who request cancellation with valid reasons. The legal consequence of this is that it is not allowed to unilaterally cancel the agreement on the grounds that Covid-19 is a force majeure condition, before the Government can provide certainty in terms of laws or policies related to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Tax Rate Chargeable on Landed Properties in Tafa Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria

This study evaluates tax rate chargeable on landed properties in Tafa Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria, with a view to providing relevant information on the potentials of the tax as a source of local revenue generation which can be used for the provision of services and amenities. Data for this study was sourced from the records of landed properties assessed for taxation, tax rate chargeable and record of property tax collections available in the local government official records. Tables were used in analyzing and presenting the result for the study. The result of the study shows that tax rate chargeable on landed properties range from as low as N2, 000 to N120, 000. The result also indicates that there were different types of landed property tax collected in Tafa Local Government Area, such as title registration fee, tenement rate, survey fee, approval of building plan, ground rent, and change of land use. The study also shows that there are different types of landed properties on which tax is collected in Tafa Local Government Area. They include residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational and educational properties. There has been increased tax collection on landed properties in the study area from 2013–2016 due to more compliance and development of landed properties within the period. It is recommended that the local government administration should embark on a land ownership registration programme and automation of databases on landed property, establishment of an awareness forum by the local government where taxpayers would be sensitized and enlightened on the importance of land tax, and ensure proper valuation of landed properties for taxation.

Peer review declaration

All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. Therefore, please provide the following information:• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other Single-anonymous: authors’ identities are known to the reviewers, reviewers’ identities are hidden from authorsDouble-anonymous: author and reviewer identities are hidden to each otherTriple-blind: author and reviewer identities are hidden to each other, and from the Editor(s) Open: author and reviewer identities are known to each other However both author and reviewer do not know each other, nor have any acquaintance • Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? The papers presented in this volume were selected after meticulous review of three independent and international reviews and the reviewers had no acquaintance with the authors, and papers were sent to reviewers in different countries avoiding the country of papers’ origin. All papers were scores and the reviewers gave their levels of confidence. In some doubtful cases such as borderline or contradicting reviews, and, where the level of confidence of the reviewers were low, papers were resent to two additional reviewers making a total of five reviews. All articles were revised and resubmitted along with a plagiarism check report. After a final check by the organising committee of both the manuscript and the plagiarism report, authors were asked to format their papers and produce a camera-ready version. With this stringent review process over sixty percent of the submitted paper were reject, and this ensured the quality of the work presented here.Since GCMM covers a broad range of subjects area, the accepted papers were group in three sections, and one of the selections is presented here in this collection.The GCMM2021 organising committee scrutinised further all the papers and awarded four prizes for the best technical papers, the best presenter and the best poster. The winners received a prize in form of Amazon voucher.• Conference submission management system:Papers were handled using the Easychair conference platform, along with an online payment system that dealt with the registration fee.• Number of submissions received:320 papers were submitted• Number of submissions sent for review:250 papers were sent to reviewers• Number of submissions accepted:120 were accepted.• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received × 100): (120/250)100 = 37.5% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2.5 • Total number of reviewers involved:297 carried out the reviewing process, however other reviewers outside the main list were involved in border line and conflicting reviews.• Any additional info on review process (i.e. plagiarism check system):Turnitin was used (https://www.turnitin.com) along with other similar software to check the uniqueness, similarities and plagiarism.• Contact person for queries:Dr Andre Batako,Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L3 3AFEmail : a.d.batako@ljmu.ac.uk Tel. 0151 231 2020Please submit this form along with the rest of your files on the submission date written in your publishing agreement.The information you provide will be published as part of your proceedings.

Payment Information System For Acceptence New Students Using Virtual Account

With the development of information technology that is so fast today, inevitably all aspects of life, including educational institutions, must follow. The university has also started implementing new student admissions through online media, from the registration process, payments, entrance tests and announcements of being accepted or rejected. In its implementation, find obstacles, how is the payment system? if you use a transfer, it's hard to tell which one pays the registration fee and the others. After discussing with the leadership, marketing team and the bank, it was decided to use the virtual account (VA) method.
 The author then analyzes and designs an online new student admission payment information system using the virtual account (VA) method. The case study adopted in this study at the Merdeka University, Surabaya. Previously, new student admissions were carried out directly on campus, but in the current pandemic season, it is not possible for prospective students to come to campus considering the danger of covid is still very dangerous. Therefore, it is very appropriate if at this time Merdeka University Surabaya had to change the system from prospective students registering to come to campus using online media.
 The method that the author uses in making this application with the waterfall, starting from the study of literature, analysis, design and implementation of the program. For registration and entrance test, the author uses web media and for payment processing the author uses the virtual account (VA) method.

Registration Of Name Rights To Land Object Auction (Study in Mataram City)

This study examines the procedure for transferring the title to the auction object. The type of research used in this article is normative and empirical research using the statutory approach, conceptual approach, and practical approach.
 The results showed that the implementation of the transfer of name procedures for the transfer of land rights through auction, namely: 1) Applying for registration of the transfer of ownership rights to land due to auction through the service counter that has been provided, 2) The Land Office Service Counter Officer conducts Examination of Application Files, 3 ) Paying Land Rights Registration Fee, 4) Carrying out the Work Process, Recording and Correspondence, 5) Issuing certificates, 6) Submission of certificates. Meanwhile, if there are objections raised by the owner of the land being auctioned (debtors in default), related to the application for land registration submitted by the winner of the auction (buyer), then in this case the National Land Agency will temporarily suspend the application process for the transfer of the name of the auction object until there is a settlement, between the disputing parties.

P265 Current UK wide use of the BASMI outcome measure in axial spondyloarthritis: an AStretch survey

Abstract Background/Aims The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) is used in the monitoring of those living with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA); it is the recommended and validated measure of movement in this patient group. As a physical outcome measure its use has been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this project is to assess the current application of the BASMI in axSpA services across the UK. Methods A survey was devised to explore when the BASMI is used, by whom and the reasons for its use. The AStretch committee reviewed and re-drafted the questions. The survey was shared across multiple platforms and email professional distribution lists, and was open 2nd-12th October 2021. Results 74 UK healthcare professionals completed the survey. It is mostly physiotherapists who undertake the BASMI (69%); some other clinicians also measure: nurses (10%), medics (9%), physiotherapy support workers (10%), healthcare support workers (2%). Confidence in performing the BASMI averaged at 3.5/5. The majority of respondents record the BASMI in the electronic record (73%); app-based solutions are developing (7%) and paper-only recording diminishing (20%). When asked about frequency, most respondents (73%) recorded “it depends”, implying that the BASMI is used on an individual patient basis. Table 1 presents data with regards to why the BASMI is undertaken, scored by participant ranking, and free text responses about reasons for use. Conclusion A large sample size was recruited for this survey, implying a good level of interest in better understanding the current application of the BASMI. It is evident clinicians use the BASMI on newly-diagnosed patients as a priority in their assessment and shared-decision making. Other aspects such as addressing poor movement and adherence to exercise are ranked highly. The reported reasons for BASMI use are varied, and its application not standardised across UK rheumatology teams. This might reflect the diverse trajectory of axSpA and the importance of seeing patients as individuals. How and why we undertake physical outcome measures is crucial for consideration as we currently consider remote versus face-to-face consult pathways for our axSpA cohort. There is enough evidence here to recommend ongoing, regular application of the BASMI in a traditional face-to-face setting. Disclosure K. Weight: None. W.J. Gregory: Honoraria; W.G. has received speaker, conference registration and advisory board fees from Abbvie, Pfizer Novartis and UCB. H. Chambers: None. E. Clarke: Honoraria; E. C. has received speaker fees from Novartis UK. M. Daly: None. A. Davie: None. J.C. Elkins: None. S. Gaikwad: None. H. Harrison: None. C. Longton: Shareholder/stock ownership; C.L. is a shareholder in Astra Zeneca. Honoraria; C.L. has received speaker fees from Novartis. M. Martin: Honoraria; M.M. has received speaker, conference registration and advisory board fees from Abbvie, Novartis (not since 2018). Grants/research support; M.M. received grant monies from the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society in 2017. M. Motion: None. S. Voules: None. M. McDonald: None. C. Jeffries: Honoraria; C.J. has received speaker, conference registration and advisory board fees from Abbvie, Pfizer, Novartis and UBC.

P264 Bridging the gap: co-producing a virtual self-management programme for individuals living with axial spondyloarthritis

Abstract Background/Aims Despite the considerable impact axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has on quality of life, condition-specific group education programmes are not routinely offered. Many people with axSpA report feeling isolated and often have never met anyone else with the condition. In 2020, the National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society (NASS) worked with patients and rheumatology departments to co-produce a pilot self-management programme (SMP) to explore demand from and assess the impact on patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods NASS identified six NHS centres to host the pilot SMP sessions. These centres represented a range of axSpA services. HCPs invited their axSpA cohort to attend by post or e-mail and NASS invited local NASS members. Attendees booked online via private URL. NASS developed content following consultation with rheumatology HCPs and people living with axSpA. The first session covered pain, flares, fatigue and emotional wellbeing. Following attendee feedback, three centres hosted a second session on medication and exercise. One centre held a third session covering night pain, sleep and stress. Sessions were delivered via online meeting software and included teaching, group discussions, polls and exercise. HCPs of the host rheumatology departments led these sessions in tandem with NASS staff, one of whom has lived experience of axSpA. Content and format were continually reviewed and improved using feedback from attendees and HCPs (Table 1); feedback was gathered by email, informal focus groups and anonymous surveys. Results A total of 266 patients attended. 55% were female and 27% were aged under 45. 10% were diagnosed within the past year; 26% within the last 5 years; >50% more than 10 years ago. No attendees had previously attended a hospital axSpA SMP session. Conclusion There is demand from patients and HCPs for an axSpA virtual patient SMP. Co-producing the programme can be effective for: engaging with a range of patients; educating and empowering patients to self-manage their condition; building relationships between HCPs and patients; reducing patient isolation; enabling appropriate self-referral to rheumatology services. This pilot has informed our next steps to expand the online sessions to new centres and explore co-producing an e-learning programme. Disclosure Z.E. Clark: Grants/research support; National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society receives grant funding from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB. W. Gregory: Honoraria; Speaker, conference registration and advisory board fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, Novartis, UCB. A. Chan: Member of speakers’ bureau; UCB, Novartis, Sanofi, AbbVie, Jannsen. A. Coy: None. Z. Cox: None. S. Dickinson: Grants/research support; National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society receives grant funding from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB. K. Gaffney: Shareholder/stock ownership; SpA Academy. Honoraria; Novartis, AbbVie, UCB, Lilly, Pfizer, Biogen. Member of speakers’ bureau; Celltrion, Novartis, UCB, AbbVie. Grants/research support; NASS, AbbVie, Pfizer, UCB, Novartis, Lilly, Jannsen, Gilead, Biogen. Other; Meeting expenses: AbbVie, Lilly, Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB. B. Harrison: None. H. Herbert: None. C. Lewis: None. C. McCoy: None. K. Noel: None. K. Porthouse: None. K. Rigler: None. K. Weight: None. T. Williams: None. D. Webb: Grants/research support; National Axial Spondyloarthritis Society receives grant funding from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB. L. Dunkley: Honoraria; Honoraria with UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer.

P259 Survey of diagnostic delay in axial spondyloarthritis across two NHS rheumatology services

Abstract Background/Aims Diagnostic delay is an ongoing challenge in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), with a recent, comprehensive literature review suggesting an 8.7-year delay between symptom onset and formal diagnosis in the UK. The aim of this study was to ascertain the axSpA delay in diagnosis and explore contributing factors locally within two major NHS trusts. Methods A 13-question survey was created to identify the delay in diagnosis and contributing factors across two urban NHS axSpA services, from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and commencement of treatment. Participants were recruited from clinic visits. Results A cohort of 88 patients with a diagnosis of axSpA who attended the axSpA service at either Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust or Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust responded between August and September 2021. See Table 1 for survey results. The average time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was similar across centres despite the differences in demographics. Across the two sites, prior to diagnosis 89% of patients saw a general practitioner (GP), of which 68% of patients saw a GP one to five times, 16% five to ten times and 13.25% more than ten times. Many patients also saw other healthcare professionals (HCPs) (see Table 1) aside from the GP and rheumatologist prior to diagnosis. 31.9% saw one other HPC, 20.7% two other HPCs, 12.4% three, 2.4% four and 1.19% five other HCPs prior to diagnosis. 87.5% of patients received adequate axSpA education at diagnosis and 76.5% of patients were aware of who to contact in the event of a flare. Conclusion These data highlighted that the mean time to diagnosis for both trusts was less than six years, somewhat lower than the 8.7 years national UK average. However, despite being specialist centres, we are a long way away from the NASS gold standard of 1 year time to diagnosis. Contributors to this include lack of awareness about axSpA, its recognition and appropriate onwards referral. There is a need for concerted ways of working, development of patient pathways, and education to reduce this delay and allow the ambitious NASS gold standard of 1 year time to diagnosis to be achieved. Disclosure J.K. Pandhal: None. W.J. Gregory: Honoraria; W.G. has received speaker, conference registration and advisory board fees from Abbvie, Pfizer Novartis and UCB. H. Tahir: None. S. Bamford: None.

P304 Performance of the Southend GCA Probability Score on the NHS Lanarkshire fast track pathway

Abstract Background/Aims Fast track GCA pathways (GCA FTP) with use of confirmatory ultrasound are growing in popularity, but the burden of referrals can overwhelm services and represents a barrier to timely assessment. The Southend GCA Probability Score (GCAPS) has shown promise in determining pre-test probability and may have a role in triage, but there is limited data supporting its use in external cohorts. We evaluated the performance of GCAPS in patients assessed on the NHS Lanarkshire GCA FTP. Methods Consecutive patients assessed on the GCA FTP between November 2018 and August 2021 were included. All underwent GCAPS assessment as part of routine care. GCAPS risk groups were defined as follows: low risk ≤8, medium risk 9-12, high risk ≥13. GCA diagnoses were supported by USS +/- TAB and confirmed at 6 months. Overall performance of GCAPS in distinguishing GCA / non-GCA final diagnoses was assessed by ROC analysis. Test characteristics for different GCAPS binary cut-offs were also determined. Results 176 patients were included in total; mean age 69.0 years (SD 9.8), 63.6% female, median GCAPS 10 (IQR 8, 14). 54 patients were diagnosed with GCA, including 0/57 low risk patients, 3/60 medium risk patients (5.0%), and 51/59 high risk patients (86.4%). ROC analysis for total GCAPS in distinguishing GCA/non-GCA gave an AUC of 0.973 (95% CI 0.951 - 0.999). A GCAPS cut-off of ≥ 13 had the highest accuracy for GCA diagnosis (93.8%), with 94.4% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity. A GCAPS cut-off of ≥ 10 captured all cases of GCA (100.0% sensitivity), with 64.8% specificity. Conclusion Performance of GCAPS as a risk stratification tool in our cohort was excellent. GCAPS may have additional roles in screening FTP referrals and guiding empirical glucocorticoid therapy. No patients with GCAPS <10 had GCA; this is consistent with previously published data and suggests specialist review and/or USS may not be required in this group. By contrast, most patients with GCAPS ≥13 had GCA, and this group is most likely to benefit from empirical glucocorticoid treatment while awaiting confirmation. Patients with GCAPS between these values should undergo prompt assessment to minimise the risk of missed diagnoses, or overtreatment. Disclosure A.R. Melville: Other; Dr Melville is a Medical Research Council and GlaxoSmithKline Experimental Medicine Initiative to Explore New Therapies clinical training fellow, with project funding outside the submitted work. K. Donaldson: Other; Speaker fees from Menarini Pharma UK. A. Ciechomska: Other; Speaker, travel and registration fee sponsorship from Novartis, Abbvie, Chugai Pharma, Colgene, Roche and Lilly.

P292 Follow up of giant cell arteritis patients with ultrasound: can cranial giant cell arteritis phenotype evolve towards large vessel vasculitis?

Abstract Background/Aims Ultrasound (US) is well-established in diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) but its value in follow-up is not yet adequately defined. The large vessel vasculitis (LVV) phenotype of GCA has less favourable outcomes and more often requires steroid-sparing treatment compared to the cranial phenotype. Evolution towards LVV might account for first-line treatment failure and impact on further therapeutic decisions. Here we review follow-up data from the NHS Lanarkshire GCA service and describe several relevant cases. Methods We performed a retrospective review of routine clinical and ad hoc US data from the NHS Lanarkshire GCA service between November 2018 and October 2021. Patients with cranial GCA at baseline and no involvement of large vessels were identified; demographic and clinical data of those who later developed US signs of LVV were reviewed. US positivity was defined by temporal artery intima media thickness (IMT) ≥0.5mm or LV IMT >1.0mm. Results 53 patients were diagnosed with GCA during the study period. At initial visit, 35 had cranial GCA on US, 12 had LVV, 6 were US negative. Five patients with cranial GCA developed US signs of LVV during follow-up. One of these was in remission clinically and had borderline IMT of 1.0mm. The other four had clinical relapse with mean LV IMT of 1.8mm (range 1.6-2.2); relapses occurred at mean 40 weeks (range 29-53), on prednisolone doses 0-15mg; all were subsequently commenced on steroid-sparing treatment (Table). Conclusion Cranial and LVV phenotypes of GCA may represent different stages of disease. US can be used to confirm evolution to LVV; identification of LVV US signs may explain clinical relapse and support the introduction of steroid sparing treatment. Disclosure A. Ciechomska: Other; Speaker, travel and registration fee sponsorship from Novartis, Abbvie, Chugai Pharma, Colgene, Roche and Lilly. A.R. Melville: Other; Dr Melville is a Medical Research Council (MRC) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Experimental Medicine Initiative to Explore New Therapies clinical training fellow.

From the Chair

In what is a new tradition, GODORT hosted a series of meetings the week of January 10 ahead of the ALA LibLearnX conference, ALA’s new concept for the Midwinter Meeting. Hosting committee and interest group meetings outside of ALA’s formal conference provides opportunities for members and prospective members to attend without the added burden of registration fees or travel expenses (when we travel again). This year 108 registered for our series of Midwinter meetings. Twenty-eight of our registrants indicated they are not GODORT members with a few noting they are new to government information and many more stating an affiliation with federal libraries. It was good to have so many people join us for our meetings and I hope our newcomers become regular attendees and participants, virtually and in-person.

Maximizing the Academic Conference Experience: Tips for Your Career Toolkit.

Maximizing the Academic Conference Experience: Tips for Your Career Toolkit.

Development of urban infrastructure through land-based financing: A case of Bharatpur metropolitan city (Residential area)

Municipalities in Nepal has been seen as a driving force for development, especially after the federal restructuring of the country. Constitution of Nepal, 2015 and the Local Government Operation Act, 2017 have authorized the local government to increase their revenue base from a wide range of sources including the urban land resources to make them financially resourceful for the urban development financing. In this context, land-based financing is seen as a potential source for financing urban infrastructure development in residential areas which lack adequate and decent physical infrastructure. The advantages of infrastructure projects are capitalized on land values which contributes to the land-based finance instruments to pay for infrastructural development. The purpose of this research was to explore how Bharatpur Metropolitan City might fund the construction of urban infrastructure through land-based financing in the residential area lacking adequate and decent infrastructure. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect and analysis of existing municipal land-based revenue, land valuation, property registration fees of the case study area, Krishnapur Land Pooling project area, of Ward no 7 of Bharatpur metropolitan city. Building upon the analysis of the capital gain from land value increment and residents’ willingness to pay land-based taxes and users fees in the case study area, the study finds land-based-tax system was limitedly integrated into the land-use zoning and the land value increment. This has resulted in the disparities of tax rates and tax coverages. This study recommends further study to to replace the Housing and Land Tax with Integrated Property Tax system and reform policies related to “property valuation” based on added calculations according to land-use zoning, land use and resident’s willingness to pay as a means to reinforce municipal revenue to increase infrastructure financing in residential areas.

Getting the Most From Your IEEE Membership [White Hot

When I renewed my IEEE membership for 2022 I paid no dues. I have reached that magic combination of age and years of membership to become a Life Member. The biggest benefit of being a Life Member is that dues, both for the IEEE and for individual societies, are waived. The second biggest benefit is reduced registration fees for IEEE conferences, like APEC. I can be a member of the IEEE without paying dues for as long as I want, if each year I tell the IEEE that I still want to be a member.