Regional Values Research Articles

Increasing Regional Economic Value from Coastal Reclamation Development

This study aims to understand changes in spatial structure and spatial patterns in the coastal area in the Makassar urban system due to land use conversion. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, visual analysis, literature study, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that changes in spatial use in the Center Point of Indonesia area have led to the marginalization of local communities. Intensive land conversion has changed the work system of local communities, replacing them with the urban industrial community work system. The orientation of the development of the Center Point of Indonesia area is to create business opportunities for people engaged in the informal sector, tourism, transportation, and other service sectors, as well as create a friendly and modern environmental area. Overall, this beach reclamation has a positive impact on the environment that is sustainable and provides business opportunities and increased income for the community.

Genetic diversity and its association with Phytophthora palmivora resistance in Durian (Durio zibethinus) using RAPD markers

Abstract. Numba S. 2023. Genetic diversity and its association with Phytophthora palmivora resistance in Durian (Durio zibethinus) using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4542-4548. Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a popular tropical fruit that contributes significantly to regional economic value. Root and stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora has become a serious threat to the growth and development of durian. Indonesia has various local durian varieties that have the potential of resistant to P. palmivora. This study aims to analyze genetic diversity and its association with the resistance of durian to root and stem rot disease caused by P. palmivora using RAPD markers. Ten varieties of durian were compared with those of 2 wild species, namely D. kutejensis (Hassk.) Becc. and Boschia excelsa Korth.. The DNA profile analysis was performed by using 10 RAPD primers. Furthermore, cluster analysis was done using the NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomic and Multivariate Analysis System) ver. 2.0. Observation of the DNA profile (DNA banding pattern) showed that all the primers succeeded in producing amplified DNA fragments. Of the total 78 bands produced, 10 bands were considered monomorphic, while 68 bands (87.20%) were considered polymorphic. The high level of polymorphism causes a low level of similarity between varieties so that not all resistant varieties are grouped in the same cluster. This study found that the 1kb band produced by the OPA-2 primer was a potential gen associated with resistance to P. palmivora. It is suggested to carry out further tests on crosses of resistant and susceptible varieties.

A novel technique to quantify aortic valve annulus deformation: A pilot study.

We evaluated the potential of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived strain to assess aortic valve (AV) annulus deformation during the cardiac cycle in regurgitant and well-functioning AVs. Four patients with severe aortic regurgitation and seven healthy controls underwent CMR. Assessment of longitudinal strain was performed by hypothesizing the AV annulus would be the left ventricle in long-axis orientation. Longitudinal strain of the segments belonging to the muscular and fibrous AV annulus was weighted and averaged to obtain regional values (RLS). Comparison of RLS between regurgitant and well-functioning AVs showed a considerably different deformation of the muscular AV annulus (i.e., median RLS: 4.18 % [patients] vs. -10.41 % [controls], p = .024). The fibrous AV annulus demonstrated comparable deformational changes in both groups. CMR-derived strain allows for quantification of AV annulus deformation during the cardiac cycle and shows an altered RLS in the muscular AV annulus in patients with severe aortic regurgitation.

A Study Revelation on Market and Value-Realization of Ecological Product to the Control of Rocky Desertification in South China Karst

The restoration of the ecological environment in rocky desertification areas and economic development go hand in hand. With the support of the national policies from the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” to the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, the related ecological industries and products derived from the control of rocky desertification in karst areas continue to emerge. It not only restrains and repairs the development of rocky desertification but also produces a higher regional economic value than the replaced industry, which has practical significance for targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas. The thesis classifies and summarizes the development status of ecological products from the perspectives of the basic theory of ecological products, industrial model construction, industrial demonstration, quality monitoring and evaluation, product sales space, product value realization and improvement research and proposes some scientific problems to be solved. The dual attributes of ecology and economy of ecological products are integrated, and a sustainable industrial model and industrial value-added enlightenment for consolidating the achievements of rocky desertification control is proposed.

Geoparks: Model Regions for Sustainable Development?

Geoparks are seen by UNESCO as model regions for sustainable development, which are to combine protection and regional economic value creation in an extensive bottom-up participation process with the help of a holistic concept. Geoparks are regions that have high quality geopotentials, a unique earth and landscape history as well as a strategy for sustainable regional development, scientific research, environmental education and education for sustainable development. The Geopark movement is comparatively young. The European Geoparks Network has existed since 2000, National Geoparks in Germany since 2002, and UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) since 2015. The extent to which geoparks can live up to the expectations placed in them as model regions for sustainable development and which similarities and differences exist to large-scale protected areas such as national parks and biosphere reserves is presented in general form as well as in more detail for the case study of the UGGp Swabian Alb.

A multi-objective model for sustainable closed-loop supply chain of perishable products under two carbon emission regulations

PurposeThis paper aims to minimize the total carbon emissions and costs and also maximize the total social benefits.Design/methodology/approachThe present study develops a mathematical model for a closed-loop supply chain network of perishable products so that considers the vital aspects of sustainability across the life cycle of the supply chain network. To evaluate carbon emissions, two different regulating policies are studied.FindingsAccording to the obtained results, increasing the lifetime of the perishable products improves the incorporated objective function (IOF) in both the carbon cap-and-trade model and the model with a strict cap on carbon emission while the solving time increases in both models. Moreover, the computational efficiency of the carbon cap-and-trade model is higher than that of the model with a strict cap, but its value of the IOF is worse. Results indicate that efficient policies for carbon management will support planners to achieve sustainability in a cost-effectively manner.Originality/valueThis research proposes a mathematical model for the sustainable closed-loop supply chain of perishable products that applies the significant aspects of sustainability across the life cycle of the supply chain network. Regional economic value, regional development, unemployment rate and the number of job opportunities created in the regions are considered as the social dimension.

Thirty critical research needs for managing an ecologically and culturally unique remote marine environment: The Kimberley region of Western Australia

The Kimberley marine environment in Western Australia is widely recognised for its outstanding natural features, vast and remote sea and landscapes, and Indigenous cultural significance. To ensure that adequate baseline information is available to understand, monitor and manage this remote and relatively understudied region, scientific exploration was undertaken between 2012 and 2018 as part of the Kimberley Marine Research Program (KMRP). Whilst this program generated significant amounts of new knowledge about the region, important research gaps remain, that if answered, should improve the capacity of managers to conserve the region's values more effectively. Here, we apply established participatory horizon scanning methods to draw on the expertise and understanding of 24 scientists and 18 managers (12 natural resource managers and 6 healthy country managers) involved in the KMRP, and assess their most essential remaining research needs for informing management of the region. Through this process, we identify a total of 184 research questions spanning seven themes: (i) habitats, (ii) fauna, (iii) ecological processes, (iv) pressures, (v) management, (vi) oceanography, and (vii) geomorphology. Of the 184 questions that formed the basis of this study, 29% related to the theme of ‘management’, followed by questions relating to ‘fauna’ (21%) and ‘pressures’ (20%). Questions assigned to the theme of ‘habitats’ (13%), ‘ecological processes’ (10%), and ‘oceanography’ (6%) were less common, whilst questions that related to ‘geomorphology’ only constituted 1% of all questions provided by study participants. Subtle differences in the types of questions posed by the scientist and manager groups were also evident, with questions relating to ‘ecological process’ and ‘oceanography’ overwhelmingly provided by scientists; questions in the themes ‘fauna’ and ‘management’ were mainly provided by Healthy Country Managers; and questions posed by natural resource managers were distributed evenly among all categories. Quantitative scoring of these questions by participants against set criteria of (i) achievability, (ii) importance, and (iii) the extent to which it represented an actual knowledge gap led to the identification of 30 research questions that if answered, will help to inform the management of the Kimberley marine environment. The majority of these questions (22) were related to ‘management’ though there were also high priority questions on ‘pressures’ (12), ‘habitats’ (11), ‘fauna’ (11) and ‘ecological processes’ (7). These questions can be used to inform and guide research effort and future funding investment in the Kimberley region.

Planning and Exploration of “Tourism + Folklore” Development Model in Yanbian, China from the Perspective of “Global Tourism”

During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, China’s tourism industry developed rapidly and has now become a pillar industry of China’s national economy. As a new economic growth point, it is called “the rising industry that will never end”. With such a good development prospect, Yanbian, China will firmly grasp the opportunity, take the entire Yanbian, China as a whole, create a development model of “tourism + folklore” from the perspective of “global tourism”, enrich the content of “tourism consumption” through the core of folklore characteristics, seek new development in tourism in the new era, and establish a regional overall planning, urban-rural integration, transportation network covering the whole area and complete infrastructure and service system. Through the promotion and promotion of tourism, the regional economic value and industrial environment will be enhanced, the overall characteristic image of Yanbian, China will be created, and the diversified development of regional economy will be promoted.

Analysis of Regional Economic Values Development Based on Typology, Frequency of Visit and Population using Geographic Information System To determine Strategy Development of Semarang City Tourism Area

The city of Semarang has six tourism icons that have the potential as tourist attractions that continues to grow every year, namely Lawang Sewu, Sam Poo Kong, Vihara Buddhagaya Watugong, Masjid Agung Menara Jawa Tengah, Museum Maerokoco, and Kota Lama. Based on this, it is necessary to determine typology and calculate the regional economic value from year to year to determine tourism development strategies. Total Economic Value (TEV) is obtained from the sum of Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). TCM and CVM data are obtained from the sampling survey (respondents) in 2010 and 2018. The data processing method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on calculations, Total Economic Value (TEV) in 2010 and 2018 which experienced an increase was Lawang Sewu of 81.53%, Sam Poo Kong of 42.98%, Kota Lama of 49.93%, Museum Maerokoco of 64.74 %, and Menara Masjid Agung Jawa Tengah of 76.87%. While Candi Bodhagaya Watugong experienced a decrease by -4.40%. The results of the regression output that most affect the function of the average tourist area are education variables and frequency of visits. The most appropriate step to develop tourism is to increase tourism promotion, while the other steps that can be used in a row based on priority are to improve tourism facilities and infrastructure, improve the quality of tourist attractions, improve education and prevent damage to tourism sites.

Native Solitary Bees Provide Economically Significant Pollination Services to Confection Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) (Asterales: Asteraceae) Grown Across the Northern Great Plains.

The benefits of insect pollination to crop yields depend on genetic and environmental factors including plant self-fertility, pollinator visitation rates, and pollinator efficacy. While many crops benefit from insect pollination, such variation in pollinator benefits across both plant cultivars and growing regions is not well documented. In this study, across three states in the northern Great Plains, United States, from 2016 to 2017, we evaluated the pollinator-mediated yield increases for 10 varieties of confection sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), a plant that is naturally pollinator-dependent but was bred for self-fertility. We additionally measured pollinator visitation rates and compared per-visit seed set across pollinator taxa in order to determine the most efficacious sunflower pollinators. Across all locations and hybrids, insect pollination increased sunflower yields by 45%, which is a regional economic value of over $40 million and a national value of over $56 million. There was, however, some variation in the extent of pollinator benefits across locations and plant genotypes, and such variation was significantly related to pollinator visitation rates, further highlighting the value of pollinators for confection sunflowers. Female Andrena helianthi Robertson (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) and Melissodes spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were the most common and effective pollinators, while other bees including managed honey bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), small-bodied sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), bumble bees Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and male bees were either infrequent or less effective on a per-visit basis. Our results illustrate that wild bees, in particular the sunflower specialists A. helianthi and Melissodes spp., provide significant economic benefits to confection sunflower production.

Adventive tree species in urban flora of Rostov-on-Don

We presented the results of study of the adventive tree species in urban flora of Rostov-on-Don (Russia). The taxonomic and typological structure of these species was determined and their ecological properties were investigated. We identified 147 species of woody adventive plants in urban flora of Rostov-on-Don. From species diversity the families Rosaceae Juss. (55 speceis), Fabaceae Lindl. (29), Caprifoleaceae Juss. (8), Oleaceae Lindl. (7), Hydrangeaceae (5), Ranunculaceae (5) and Vitaceae (5) are the dominants. In order to prevent the growth of the diversity of woody ergaziophytes species it is necessary to consider not only their ecological and biological properties, but also the regional economic value and importance. The species of Amorpha , Clematis , Colutea , Crataegus , Swida are potentially dangerous and should be excluded from the introduction scope. It is necessary to withdraw the species that have a set of properties suitable for naturalization, but have no economic or scientific interest from the collections of the Botanical Garden. In this regard, the collecting of sterile samples and plant forms could be extremely important. Special attention should be paid to the selection of the plant sets in small towns and rural areas, which are the places of spreading of the adventive plants and are similar to natural coenosises.

Coal, Cumulative Impacts, and the Great Barrier Reef

AbstractThe Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia, covers over 348,000 km2 of tropical marine ecosystems of global significance. In July 2015, the World Heritage Committee called attention to the cumulative impacts of climate change, poor water quality, and coastal development on the region's outstanding universal value, but stopped short of inscribing the Great Barrier Reef on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Restoring the region's values is hindered by an environmental decision‐making process that fails to incorporate cumulative impacts, including the climate change impacts of greenhouse gas emissions sourced from one of Australia's largest exports, thermal coal. We identify policy and processes that enable a more comprehensive consideration of the cumulative effects of coal mining by environmental decision‐makers. Implementing cumulative impact assessment requires a collaborative and transparent program of planning and monitoring independent of Government and mine proponents that evaluates local, regional, and global impacts. The future of the Great Barrier Reef depends on transformational change in the cumulative assessment of Australian coal mines.

Influence of Confidence on Local Foods on Consumer's Purchase Behaviors from Tasty Farm Eateries

This study conducted an exploratory factor analysis to examine how consumers’ confidence on the local foods used at tasty farm eateries influence their purchase behaviors. The four factors of perception of local foods used at tasty farm eateries and the factors of consumer confidence and purchase behaviors were extracted for a reliability analysis, correlation analysis of variables, and simple and multiple regression analysis. The following are the findings: first, among the four factors of perception of local foods used at tasty farm eateries, safety, sociality and product value had statistically significant influences on consumer confidence, whereas regional economic value did not. In other words, safety referring to the nutritional value and sanitary safety of food ingredients used for the native foods at the tasty farm eateries, product value referring to the characteristics differentiated from general Korean cuisine, and sociality referring to the various related experiences for the interests in farm culture and local food, leads to consumer confidence, whereas regional economic value referring to farm household income, local job creation, and development of farm tourism does not. Second, consumer confidence had a statistically significant positive impact on consumers’ purchase behaviors. Among the five principles of local foods, reliability is the most important factor. When consumers gain confidence on local food items and are satisfied with them, they make additional purchases and revisits. Therefore, confidence is a very important aspect for the loyalty and sustainability of business.

The Regional Economic Value of Entrepreneurship: A Schumpeterian Approach to the Linkage between Entrepreneurship and Regional Development

Abstract: This paper develops a regional-level total factor productivity (TFP)-based proxy measure of the economic value of the functions entrepreneurs perform in the economy. In providing the theoretical support for linking the economic value of entrepreneurship (EVE) and TFP, this paper integrates Schumpeter's definition of entrepreneurship within the neoclassical production function framework. The measure of EVE developed here builds upon Harberger's (1998) real cost reduction approach to industry-level and quality-adjusted TFP. The paper uses the European Union NUTS 2 regions as a case study and concludes that this innovative proxy measure of EVE opens promising avenues for a better understanding of the linkages between entrepreneurship and regional economic development.

Indian consumers: are they the same across regions?

PurposeThe purposes of this study are to empirically test the differences among three major cities in India by their affluence level, selected factors related to consumer purchase behaviors, and to examine the regional differences in purchase behaviors.Design/methodology/approachA total of 652 usable data were collected from consumers of age 18 years or older residing in Mumbai, New Delhi, and Bangalore, India via mall intercept surveys.FindingsOverall, the findings confirmed that affluence level in each region explains the variances in region's values, attitudes, lifestyles, and consumption patterns of foreign branded goods. That is, Mumbai (i.e. the highest GDP among the three cities) showed individualistic characteristics (i.e. lower levels of face saving and group conformity). Attitude toward economizing was found to be inversely related to a city's affluence level with Bangalore (least affluent) having the highest attitude toward economizing and Mumbai (most affluent) having the lowest attitude toward economizing. Mumbai and New Delhi consumers purchased significantly more foreign jeans than Bangalore consumers. In purchasing foreign brand goods, social attributes (i.e. brand name and latest fashion) were more prominent in Bangalore consumers who are the most collectivistic in this study.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study convey a clear message: assuming Indian consumers are the same across regions is a mistake and a localization approach should be considered to market to each region.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to examine regional differences in the Indian market. This study adds empirical evidence that differing economic affluence levels are critical in estimating consumption differences by region.

Action selection in multi-effector decision making

Decision making and reinforcement learning over movements suffer from the curse of dimensionality: the space of possible movements is too vast to search or even represent in its entirety. When actions involve only a single effector, this problem can be ameliorated by considering that effector separately; accordingly, the brain's sensorimotor systems can subdivide choice by representing values and actions separately for each effector. However, for many actions, such as playing the piano, the value of an action by an effector (e.g., a hand) depends inseparably on the actions of other effectors. By definition, the values of such coordinated multi-effector actions cannot be represented by effector-specific action values, such as those that have been most extensively investigated in parietal and premotor regions. For such actions, one possible solution is to choose according to more abstract valuations over different goods or options, which can then be mapped onto the necessary motor actions. Such an approach separates the learning and decision problem, which will often be lower-dimensional than the space of possible movements, from the multi-effector movement planning problem. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to contain goods-based value signals, so we hypothesized that this region might preferentially drive multi-effector action selection. To examine how the brain solves this problem, we used fMRI to compare patterns of BOLD activity in humans during reward learning tasks in which options were selected through either unimanual or bimanual actions, and in which the response requirements in the latter condition inseparably coupled valuation across both hands. We found value signals in the bilateral medial motor cortex and vmPFC, and consistent with previous studies, the medial motor value signals contained contra-lateral biases indicating effector-specificity, while the vmPFC value signals did not exhibit detectable effector specificity. Although neither region's value signaling differed significantly between bimanual and unimanual conditions, the vmPFC value region showed greater connectivity with the medial motor cortex during bimanual than during unimanual choices. The specific region implicated, the anterior mid-cingulate cortex, is thought to act as a hub that links subjective value signals to motor control centers. These results are consistent with the idea that while valuation for unilateral actions may be subserved by an effector-specific network, complex multi-effector actions preferentially implicate communication between motor regions and prefrontal regions, which may reflect increased top-down input into motor regions to guide action selection.

SU-E-I-101: Initial Implementation and Evaluation of AAPM TG-150 Draft Image Receptor Non-Uniformity Testing Recommendations.

To implement in software the procedures described in AAPM Task Group 150's draft recommendations for image receptor performance testing, and to evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of these procedures. Images of flat fields were acquired using digital x-ray image receptors at 6 cooperating institutions. Four flat field images obtained with each detector spanned a range of input detector air kerma. Software based on AAPM TG150's draft report processed the test images and generated results. Image receptor response and several measures of non-uniformity were evaluated. Images were divided into 10 mm square regions, after eliminating 10 mm borders. For each region, signal (mean), noise (standard deviation) and SNR were calculated. Characteristic signal, noise and SNR were calculated based on average values from all regions. Local non-uniformity for signal (SLN), noise (NLN) and SNR (SNRLN) were expressed as the maximum ratio of the absolute difference between each region's value and its 4 nearest neighbors, to the respective characteristic value. Global non-uniformity (SGN, NGN, SNRGN) were expressed similarly but differences between maximum and minimum values obtained from the regions were used (without comparison to local neighbors). TG150 tests discriminated between good and poorly performing detectors. Improper detector calibration was detectable, with noise non-uniformity proving to be a more sensitive measure than signal or SNR non-uniformity. Detector rotation relative to calibration conditions produced a greater change in signal non-uniformity than the other measures. Image receptor structured noise was characterized by an increase in noise non-uniformity with incident air kerma. AAPM TG150's proposed approach to image receptor testing was implemented and evaluated. The approach appears to be an effective and practical one for routine quality assurance testing of digital radiographic image receptors.

Dispatches

Dispatches

The role of the marine sector in the Irish national economy: An input–output analysis

Abstract Recent research in Ireland has estimated both the national and regional economic value of the marine sector. However, economic activity does not exist in a vacuum. Activities in the marine sector not only directly affect the industries in the sector but also influence other sectors through inter-sectoral linkages. This paper uses an input–output (IO) methodology to examine the linkages and production effects of the Irish marine sector on the national economy. Disaggregating the Irish IO table for 2007 to include 10 additional marine sectors, this paper represents the first effort to quantify the inter-industry linkage effects, production-inducing effects and employment multipliers in the marine sector. This analysis found that a number of marine sectors, notably the maritime transportation sector, have an important economic role within the wider Irish economy.

The BBC, the Creative Class, and Neoliberal Urbanism in the North of England

The author examines the BBC's plans to move some of its key activities to Salford in the northwest of England. He develops a critique not so much of the plan to move, but of the specific proposals for that move (particularly as advanced by local parties in Salford) and of the economic-geographical claims assembled around them. To make these arguments, the author first identifies parallels between the proposals and Richard Florida's ‘creative class’ formulations. He then draws on a range of critiques of the ‘creative class’ concept to contest the substance of the BBC-Salford plan—which, he argues, reproduces an entrenched neoliberal urban development agenda—and to question the premise that the move will create regional economic value more broadly. Framed against international research into creativity-led development agendas which has typically privileged metropolitan or regional actors, the author argues that, ultimately, the BBC's proposals, while locally situated, are tightly bound up with national economics and politics.