Regions Of Jordan Research Articles

A Late Pleistocene Wetland Setting in the Arid Jurf ed Darawish Region in Central Jordan

Current conditions in the southern Levant are hyperarid, and local communities rely on fossil subsurface water resources. The timing of more favourable wetter periods and also their spatial characteristics are not yet well constrained. To improve our understanding of past climate and environmental conditions in the deserts of the southern Levant, sedimentary sections including artefact-bearing beds from Jurf ed Darawish on the Central Jordanian Plateau were investigated using sedimentological and micropalaeontological analyses and OSL dating. Grain-size analysis and structures of the clayey-silty sediments show that they mainly represent reworked loess deposits. The OSL ages suggest that these fine-grained sediments were accumulated during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5-3. Recorded ostracod valves (mostly Potamocypris, Ilyocypris and Pseudocandona), remains of aquatic and terrestrial gastropod shells, and charophyte gyrogonites and stem encrustations indicate that an in-stream wetland existed at the location of Jurf ed Darawish during MIS 5-4 which was replaced by a vegetated alluvial plain in MIS 3. The prevailing aggradational setting was replaced by an erosional setting sometime after 30 ka. Abundant artefacts, distributed over a vertical range of up to 40 cm in a bed covered by a sedimentary sequence of 12-m thickness, provide evidence for the presence of humans in the region during a relatively long period from ca. 85 to 65 ka. The reconstruction of an in-stream wetland at Jurf ed Darawish, and the presence of humans at the site and in other desert regions of the Jordanian Plateau, the Wadi Arava/Araba, and the Negev and the Nefud deserts, show that the regional climate in the late MIS 5 and MIS 4 was significantly wetter than today and provided favourable conditions for humans in the Southern Levant and the northwestern Arabian Peninsula.

Lack of evidence-based maternal care practices in a governmental hospital in the middle region of Jordan

Background In Jordan, there is an overuse of treatments that were originally designed to manage complications of labour and birth. Aim To explore the reasons for the non-application of evidence-based practices in maternal care in a Jordanian governmental hospital from the healthcare professionals' perspective. Methods A descriptive qualitative method was employed in one selected Jordanian governmental hospital. Data were collected by conducting one-to-one, semi-structured interviews with 11 participants, which were subjected to a thematic and content analysis. Findings There were four main themes: limited human, financial, infrastructural resources and hospital environment; midwives are not autonomous; lack of motivation to apply evidence-based practices; and socio-cultural pressures hinder the usage of new evidence-based practices. Conclusion There is a weak application of evidence-based practices in maternal care in a governmental hospital in Jordan. So, it is important to modify maternal healthcare policy to allow greater midwife autonomy, and raise awareness of maternal evidence-based practice.

The reality of applying electronic supervision in public schools during the Corona pandemic period from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Northern Region of Jordan: واقع تطبيق الإشراف الإلكتروني في المدارس الحكومية خلال فترة جائحة كورونا من وجهة نظر المشرفين التربويين في إقليم الشمال بالأردن

The study aimed to identify the reality of the application of electronic supervision in public schools during the period of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Northern Region in Jordan, depending on the changing gender and years of experience supervisory and specialization. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher took from (the questionnaire) a main tool to take the opinions of the members of the sample of the study consisting of 50 supervisors. The results of the research showed the reality of the application of electronic supervision in public schools during the period of the Corona pandemic from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Northern Region in Jordan at the level of the whole tool obtained a total level (3.98 out of 5) with a rating (high). At the field level: the area (barriers to the use of electronic supervision) received the highest average (4.21) rating (very high). This is followed by the field (the importance of educational supervision) where the average (3.98), the field (the application of electronic supervision in supervisory work) where the level of response was (3.91), and finally the field (the concept of electronic supervision) where the level of response was (3.80) , all are rated (high). It also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of (α≤0.05) the reality of the application of electronic supervision in public schools during the corona pandemic period from the point of view of educational supervisors in the Northern Region in Jordan due to the change of gender and years of experience supervisory and specialization in all dimensions and the overall degree where the level of significance of the values (T) was greater than (0.05). The researcher recommended the adoption of integrated education in Jordanian schools, even after the Corona pandemic, to meet exceptional circumstances. The educational supervisor should develop his supervisory practices to conform to the circumstances of the Corona pandemic and to the requirements of e- learning. Finally, the teacher is supported by educational media that he or she can rely on when designing his e- lessons.

Tracking the Epidemiologic Shifts in Hepatitis A Sero-Prevalence Using Age Stratification: A Cross-Sectional Study at Jordan University Hospital.

The study of hepatitis A virus (HAV) epidemiology and sero-prevalence has important public health implications. Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A can result in a larger pool of susceptible persons in countries with improved sanitation and hygienic conditions if vaccination is not provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Jordan. In addition, we aimed to identify the potential differences in HAV sero-prevalence based on age, among other variables. We recruited the study participants at Jordan University Hospital in Amman, Jordan, during October 2020–June 2021. Assessment of participants’ socio-demographic variables was done using a paper-based questionnaire. Testing for HAV IgG was based on a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study population comprised 360 individuals with a median age of 18 years. The overall sero-prevalence of HAV in our study sample was 38.3%. Divided by age, the sero-prevalence of HAV was 8.2%, 12.3%, and 20.8% among individuals aged 10 years or less, 15 years or less, and 30 years or less, respectively. The estimated age at mid-population immunity was between 21 and 30 years. Besides age, individuals residing outside the Central region of Jordan had a significantly higher HAV sero-prevalence. Additionally, the use of filtered municipal water was associated with a lower sero-prevalence of HAV compared with the use of unfiltered municipal water among individuals aged 15 years or less. The results of this study suggest an intermediate to low endemicity of HAV in Jordan. An epidemiologic shift of HAV sero-prevalence with a declining rate of positivity for HAV IgG was noticed in this study. This highlights the importance of the recently introduced HAV vaccination in Jordan. Future research to evaluate the public health benefits of HAV vaccination in Jordan is recommended.

Antibiotic prescribing patterns for childhood infections in ambulatory settings in Jordan

Antibiotics' rational prescribing is a major goal of the World Health Organization's (WHO) global action plan to tackle antimicrobial resistance. Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns is necessary to guide simple, globally applicable stewardship interventions. The impact of antimicrobial resistance is devastating, especially in low-income countries. We aimed to introduce ambulatory data on patterns of paediatric antibiotic prescribing in Jordan, which could be used to guide local stewardship interventions. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by selecting a random sample of paediatric patients, who attended ambulatory settings in 2018. Records of outpatients (age ≤18years) receiving at least one antibiotic were included. The WHO's model of drug utilisation was applied, and all prescribing indicators were included. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine factors influencing the ratio of prescribed antibiotics to overall medications per encounter. A total of 20494 prescriptions, containing 45241 prescribed drugs, were obtained. The average number of prescribed drugs per prescription was (2.21±0.98). Approximately 77.5% of overall ambulatory prescriptions accounted for antimicrobials. Only 0.6% of total prescriptions were for injectables. All antimicrobials (100%) were prescribed by generic names and from the essential drug list. Antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Age, gender, season and facility type were significant predictors of prescribed antibiotics to overall medications ratio. This is the first study of antibiotic prescribing patterns among outpatient paediatrics that covers wide regions in Jordan. Results indicate high rates of antibiotics use among outpatient paediatrics. Such findings necessitate more focussed efforts and regulations that support rational utilisation of drugs.

Linguistic Variation Among Southern and Northern Jordanian Dialects

Each community has its linguistic characteristics due to social, structural, or geographical factors. This research looks at Jordan; it explores language variation in the speech of nonstandard Jordanian Arabic in the southern and northern regions in Jordan. Many phonological and morphological variations are examined. The sample consists of 20 inhabitants(10 participants from the north and 10 participants from the south). The data were collected through sociolinguistic interviews, and they have been analyzed within the framework of the VariationistParadigm. The results reveal that there are considerable phonological and morphological variations between the southern and northern dialects.

Ceramic technology at Wadi Fidan 61, an early Pottery Neolithic site (ca. 6500 B.C.E.) in the Faynan region of southern Jordan

The Faynan region of southern Jordan became a center of industrial-scale metallurgical production during the Bronze and Iron Ages. However, socio-economic developments of the Pottery Neolithic period (ca. 6500-5500 B.C.E.) that helped set the stage for the rise of complex copper-producing societies are not well-understood. In this paper, we focus on ceramic technology at the early Pottery Neolithic site of Wadi Fidan 61 in the western part of the Faynan region. The composition of 38 pottery sherds is characterized using an analytical approach that integrates petrography, instrumental geochemistry and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Results indicate six distinct clay recipes and suggest the use of different clay deposits and tempering materials from locations within ca. 5 km of the site. Implications of this compositionally diverse pottery assemblage are considered, possibly linking this initial phase of ceramic production in the Faynan with a kind of foraging-farming economy.

Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of rabies viruses from Jordan.

Human fatalities caused by rabies are rarely reported in Jordan; however, domestic animals are more likely to fall victim to rabies compared to wild animals, at least this is the case in Jordan due to the presence of canine rabies. In this study, twelve brain samples from domestic and wild animals suspected of being infected with rabies virus from different regions of Jordan were collected during 2019. Seven of them tested positive using the fluorescent antibody test and real-time SYBR RT-PCR assay. Five specimens were from stray dogs and two from foxes. The whole genome sequences were obtained from the positive samples. Sequence analysis showed that one dog virus from Al Quwaysimah city located in Amman governorate, was closely related to an Israeli strain belonging to a Cosmopolitan ME1a clade. The genomes of the remaining six viruses (four from dogs and two from foxes) collected from different areas of Jordan were genetically-related to each other and clustered together with sequences from Iran and Turkey; all belong to Cosmopolitan ME2 clade. These sequences were analyzed with six other Jordanian rabies virus nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences available in the public database, five of them belong to ME1a clade and one belongs to ME1b clade. Rabies virus whole genome data is scarce across the Middle East. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the region.

Does Emotional Intelligence Prompt Knowledge Sharing Behavior among Academic Staff

The presented paper aims to reveal the direct and indirect relationship between emotional intelligence and knowledge sharing behavior among academic staff in Jordanian universities. Furthermore, it aims to examine the mediation effect of knowledge sharing intention on the relationship between emotional intelligence and knowledge sharing behavior. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 191 academic staff from private universities in the northern region of Jordan. First, data were tested for validity and reliability. Second, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the model and hypothesis testing. The results indicated that emotional intelligence has a direct and indirect relationship with academic staff knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, the results indicated that knowledge sharing intention partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic staff knowledge sharing behavior. The limitations of this study include the sampling and cross-sectional design. Hence, future studies can be conducted using a longitudinal design covering other public universities to increase the generalizability of findings. The findings suggest that top management in universities should develop appropriate strategies for improving the emotional intelligence level of academic staff because academic staffs with higher emotional intelligence are more likely to engage themselves in knowledge sharing activities. Furthermore, universities should conduct various training and education programs to improve the level of emotional intelligence among academic staff, thereby fostering knowledge sharing in universities. Furthermore, there is limited literature on the role of emotional intelligence in knowledge sharing behavior among academic staff. The study adds to the extant literature on emotional intelligence and both knowledge sharing intention and knowledge sharing behavior in the context of universities. Besides, the study attempted to investigate the direct and indirect effect of emotional intelligence on knowledge sharing behavior that has not been studied so far.

Self-medication among pregnant women attending outpatients' clinics in northern Jordan-a cross-sectional study.

Self‐medication can facilitate patients’ access to medicinal products, save time, and reduce financial and health‐care service use burden. On the other hand, irresponsible use of self‐medications can result in adverse consequences. Self‐medication is common among different demographic groups including pregnant women. In general, medicinal products might have harmful effects on mothers and baby. This study aimed to assess self‐medication practices among pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attending outpatient clinics in the northern region of Jordan. Self‐medication practices among the target population were assessed using a survey questionnaire that was administered through interviewer‐assisted mode. Data were collected between December 2019 and September 2020, and descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were applied. A total of 1,313 pregnant women were surveyed (response rate = 95.50%). Self‐medication and the use of herbal remedies were practiced by 33.10% and 32.14% of the participant, respectively. Headaches and general pains were the most frequently reported conditions treated by self‐medication practice with either conventional medicinal products or herbal remedies. The gravidity (≥4) and the gestational stage (≥28 weeks) were the predictors of self‐medication practice. This study showed that self‐medication was not widely practiced by pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. Disease simplicity and previous history were the main motives for self‐medicating. Efforts should be made by health‐care providers to address pregnant women and educate them to increase their awareness about the unsafe use of medicines and the harmful effects on fetus.

Organophosphate pesticide exposure prenatally influence on pregnancy outcomes

Background Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are widely used worldwide. The effect of OP exposure during pregnancy on the offspring is inconsistent in the current literature. Moreover, similar studies in the Middle East are lacking. Purpose To examine the effects of OP exposure in utero on the outcome of pregnancies in an agricultural region in Jordan. Method A prospective study, employing a questionnaire to collect women demographic data. Hospital records were collected for newborns’ birth data. In addition, urine samples during the third trimester were collected from pregnant women and then analyzed for six OP metabolites to measure exposure. Results One of the metabolites, DEDTP, was negatively correlated with gestational age and Apgar scores 1 and 5. There were no other significant associations. Conclusions Exposure to OP during pregnancy is not highly associated with any negative anthropometric characteristics of the newborns; it is probably offset by other factors.

1658-838X

The study aimed to identify the levels of credibility of Jordanian government and private television channels, and their degrees of commitment to the criteria of credibility, during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis. It also aimed to reveal the degrees and types of changes in the credibility ratings of these channels before and during the crisis. The study relied on surveying the media audience as a research method, and it used a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study sample represented a cross section of all Jordanians who were 18 years of age or older; a quota sample of 420 respondents was selected, divided equally among the three regions of Jordan (North, Central, and South). The results of the study showed that the most important credibility criteria adhere to by Jordanian government and private television channels were these: ‘depending on media professionals with experience and high competence’, ‘working for the public good’ and ‘relying on professional and ethical principles’. The government channel AlMamlaka topped the list of Jordanian television channels with the highest credibility among respondents. Roya Channel was shown to be the Jordanian television channel with the highest change in credibility ratings during the Coronavirus crisis.

Antecedents of students’ perceptions of online learning through covid-19 pandemic in Jordan

Educational institutions worldwide are using online learning to provide students with continued education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this paper was to ascertain how facilitating conditions, social media, and ease of use, affect students’ perception towards online learning. During this pandemic, secondary school students were required to participate in full-time online learning. This study included 350 students from three regions in Jordan as a sample, and the results generated from the survey data were analyzed. Policy implications were established in this study to provide guidance to government agencies and schools on how to improve the delivery of online learning. Prospective research paths for future online learning research were suggested as well.

The role of corporate governance in enhancing the performance of Jordanian commercial banks

The study aimed to explore the relationship between corporate governance (i.e., tasks and responsibilities of the Board of Directors, disclosure and transparency, shareholders’ rights and fair treatment of shareholders, and audit and internal control) and bank performance. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to a sample consisting of managers of commercial banks in the northern region in Jordan. The study found a significant and positive relationship between corporate governance and bank performance. Particularly, the study pointed out two principles (i.e., tasks and responsibilities of the Board of Directors, and audit and internal control) were positively related to bank performance, while there were no significant relationships between the other two principles (i.e., disclosure and transparency as well as shareholders’ rights and fair treatment of shareholders). It was concluded that corporate governance is very critical for enhancing bank performance. Additionally, commercial banks should pay more attention to all principles of corporate governance.

Reading for pleasure among Jordanian children: a community‐based reading intervention

BackgroundWe Love Reading (WLR) is a community‐based reading intervention aimed at cultivating an interest in reading for pleasure among children through mobilising local community members to establish informal libraries and organise read‐aloud sessions in public spaces. The programme targets primarily children between the ages 4–10 but is also open to older children. The present study investigated the effect of the WLR programme on children's practices and attitudes related to reading for pleasure.MethodsParticipants were 1,718 children recruited from different regions in Jordan. Children were, on average, 7.52 years old (SD = 2.12). The treatment group comprised 1,304 children (59% girls; Mage = 7.18 years, SD = 2.16) who received the WLR programme over 4 months. The comparison group comprised 414 children (59% girls; Mage = 8.50 years, SD = 1.67) who did not attend any reading programme. Two assessment tools, adapted from previous literature, assessed reading attitudes and reading practices. The structural equation modelling framework was used to analyse the data.ResultsResults showed a small but significant increase in reading attitude scores and reading practice scores among children who participated in the WLR programme. The positive effect was found for children of all ages and for boys and girls alike.ConclusionA comparison of scores between the WLR group and the comparison group showed a small advantage for the WLR group. The results provide initial support for the WLR programme as a promising community‐based reading intervention for promoting reading for pleasure among children.

Lived Experience of Jordanian Parents Having a Child with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a congenitally inherited disease characterized by progressive muscle damage and loss of function in children, which currently has no cure. Parents of children with DMD go through significant challenges when caring for a child with this condition. PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of Jordanian parents caring for a child with DMD. Design and methodsWe utilized qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological design. Ten pairs of parents of children with DMD were interviewed at their homes from the southern region of Jordan. The Participant verbal as well as nonverbal cues were recorded during the interview. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. ResultsParents experienced psychosocial, emotional, and financial problems, which affected family dynamics and the quality of life. Themes emerged were face the new disease, caring for our child and handling the situation, staying in contact with the outside world, and career options and opportunities. ConclusionsParents experienced feelings of stress and anxiety mixed with emotions of hopelessness. Parents relieved anxiety by sharing feelings with others, assuring themselves and accepting the reality of child's illness. Practice implicationsIt is necessary that parents undergo psychological counseling individually or by joining groups who had similar experiences. Follow-up by experts through the coping process. Addressing equity services in the country is necessary.

Water requirements for irrigated crops in semi-arid region in Jordan using sentinel satellite images

The agricultural sector consumes most of the groundwater in Jordan, and Mujib basin is one of the most important available ground basins. Unsupervised classification has been applied on multitemporal satellite image for an arid region such as Mujib basin in order to identify the types of irrigated agricultural crops present in it, where it consisted of vegetables, field crops and fruit trees. Then find the reference evapotranspiration values and estimate crop coefficient values for each crop to calculate the water requirements of irrigated crops in order to find the quantities of water consumption in the basin which amounted to 29.7 million cubic meters. Where area of irrigated crops reached about 59 km2, which represents 1% of the total basin area and its concentrated in the northern and eastern regions, while rainfed agricultural activity was found in the western part of the basin. Vegetables are consumed high quantities of water, especially summer ones. Where this water is invaluable, and its importance will increase greatly soon as a result of high evaporation rates and scarcity of water resources in the region besides presence the political conflicts on these water resources. The classification of lands using multitemporal images from Sentinel satellite led to obtain more accurate results about the irrigated agricultural crops in terms of cultivation dates, duration, harvest time, monitoring the crop, determining its type and calculating its area.

The role of urban morphology on outdoor thermal comfort: The case of Al-Sharq City – Az Zarqa

The new urban expansion towards hot-arid regions has created new settlements in negative microclimatic conditions and intensified the vulnerability of these areas to climate change. The fact that almost half of Jordan's population lives in hot semi-arid areas with future expansion towards these areas, indicates that improving the microclimatic conditions will have a huge impact on the lives of people living there.With Jordan being one of the developing countries, it is not affordable nor is it easy to provide a new high-tech urban design or building design techniques. Such issues need to be handled by more suitable and affordable techniques. Assuming that different urban patterns and configurations can create different microclimatic conditions that affect the outdoor thermal environment highly, this gives urban planners and designers the ability to play a significant role in providing balanced strategies and techniques related to its local context.Microclimate conditions are an aspect that has often been overlooked, especially in their relation to the urban morphology and its influence on the outdoor comfort.In this context, this study investigates the impact of urban form on urban microclimate and how this affects outdoor thermal comfort in public spaces. Hence, evaluating the outdoor thermal comfort of different urban patterns of Al-sharq City with a focus on courtyard patterns in addition to considering its potential for improving hot and semi-arid regions in Jordan, as it is not fully understood yet.The research is carried out in an analytical approach by using different computer programs such as Envi-met and Rayman with an intent to provide strategies to enhance thermal comfort of outdoor spaces causing designers and planners with to consider different influential factors at an early design stage.The results indicate significant thermal effects due to form.Urban form has a noticeable impact over thermal comfort and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. Therefore, the research recommends applying passive solar design strategies, regarding urban form in the first stage of the design process. Microclimate and outdoor thermal situations can highly impact the indoor thermal performance of buildings which suggests the needs for further studies regarding indoor energy consumption and how simulation programs can be integrated in the future urban planning processes.

Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-five mortality: a population-based analysis.

Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) is an important indicator of health and development of infants throughout their life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-5 mortality. In this secondary analysis, data were extracted from the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey for 9734 live births born in the 5 years preceding the survey and for which birth weight was reported. Data were collected on child and maternal characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors for low birth weight and mortality. Of the 9734 births analysed, 13.8% were low birth weight and 1.3% were very low birth weight. Mother's age (< 30 and ≥ 35 years), education (less than higher education), birth interval (< 24 months and first birth), unplanned pregnancy, household wealth status (poorest and richest), consanguinity, residence (central and south regions of Jordan), female sex, birth order (1 and ≥ 6), twin birth and maternal smoking during pregnancy were significant risk factors for low birth weight. The risk of death under 5 years of age was 4.8 times higher in children with low birth weight than children with normal birth weight. The high rate of low birth weight and its increasing rate in Jordan is a challenge for public health. Preventing low birth weight neonates and increasing their survival need to be prioritized in the national health strategy. Special care needs to be taken for the high-risk groups identified in this study.

أثر البطالة فی الشعور بالاغتراب والمیل الى التطرف لدى المتعطلین عن العمل فی المجتمع الأردنی من وجهة نظرهم. The Effect of Unemployment on the Feeling of Alienation and Tendency to Extremism among the Unemployed in the Jordanian Society from their Viewpoints

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على أثر البطالة في الشعور بالاغتراب والميل للتطرف في ضوء أبعادهما المؤثرة لدى المتعطلين عن العمل في المجتمع الأردني من وجهة نظرهم، والتعرف على الفروق الدالة إحصائيا بين إجابات عينة الدراسة من المتعطلين عن العمل نحو أثر البطالة في الشعور بالاغتراب والميل للتطرف لدى الشباب الأردني باختلاف متغيرات (الجنس، والمستوى التعليمي، وعدد سنوات التعطل عن العمل). کما وهدفت الدراسة الى الخروج ببعض التوصييات والمفترحات التي تساهم في الوقاية والحد من مشکلة البطالة في المجتمع الاردني, ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدام الاستبانة کأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، وتکونت عينة الدراسة من 1007 عاطل عن العمل تم اختيارهم عشوائيا من محافظات اربد، البلقاء، الکرک والتي تمثل الأقاليم الجغرافية الثلاث للملکة الأردنية الهاشمية ( الشمال والوسط والجنوب). وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام أساليب الإحصاء الوصفي والتحليلي, أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن أثر البطالة في الشعور بالاغتراب في ضوء أبعاده المؤثرة لدى المتعطلين عن العمل في المجتمع الأردني من وجهة نظرهم جاءت بدرجة مرتفعة حيث بلغ المستوى العام لإجابات عينة الدراسة (3.705). وفي ضوء الأبعاد جاء بعد اللامعيارية في الترتيب الأول من حيث الأهمية النسبية وبمستوى مرتفع، تلاه بعد اللاهدف وبمستوى مرتفع، تلاهما بعد العزلة الاجتماعية وبمستوى مرتفع، وفي الترتيب الرابع وقبل الأخير البعد الخاص بقياس أثر البطالة في الشعور بالعجز وبمستوى متوسط، وأخيرا بعد التمرد وبمستوى متوسط. وأظهرت النتائج أن المستوى العام لأثر البطالة في الميل للتطرف في ضوء أشکاله المؤثرة لدى المتعطلين عن العمل في المجتمع الأردني من وجهة نظرهم جاءت بمستوى متوسط حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي العام للإجابات (3.297), أما أعلى مستوى الاجابة على أشکاله الفرعية فقد حقق التطرف السياسي الترتيب الأول من حيث الأهمية النسبية وبمستوى متوسط، تلاه التطرف الاجتماعي وبمستوى متوسط، تلاهما التطرف الفکري وبمستوى متوسط، وجاء بالمرتبة الأخيرة التطرف الديني وبمستوى متوسط. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة، فقد تم صياغة عدد من التوصيات من أهمها: العمل على إيجاد سياسات وبرامج وطنية بمشارکة کافة الجهات الحکومية وذات العلاقة يکون هدفها وضع سياسات اقتصادية واجتماعية فاعلة لإيجاد حلول فاعلة لمشکلة ألبطالة, وکذلک الوقاية والحد من آثارها في الشعور بالاغتراب والميل للتطرف لدى الشباب في المجتمع الأردني. The present study aimed to identify the effect of unemployment on the feeling of alienation and tendency to extremism in their effective dimension among the unemployed in the Jordanian society from their viewpoints. The study identified that there is a statistically significant differences between the answer of the study sample according to different variables (gender, educational level, and the number of years of unemployment) in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the analytical descriptive approach and a questionnaire were used to collect the study data. The study sample consisted of (1007) unemployed persons, randomly selected from governorate (Irbid, Balqa, Karak) which represent the geographical regions of Jordan (North, Center, and South). The data were analyzed using methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. The results showed that the effect of unemployment on feeling of alienation is high as the general level of the study sample answers reached (3.705) and the results showed that the nonstandard dimension came in the first high level, then the aimless dimension came in high level, then the social isolation dimension came in the high level. The powerless dimension in the medium level. Finally, the rebellion dimension came in the medium level. The results showed that the general level of effect of unemployment on the tendency to extremism was at a medium level, as the level of answers reached (3.297). The social extremism and the intellectual one in a medium level. Finally, the religious extremism came in a medium level. Based on the results of the study, a set of recommendations were formulated as the most important of which is finding policies and program from all government and relevant agencies in order to solve the problem of unemployment, reduce it and prevent its impact on alienation and extremism among young people in the Jordanian society.