Regional Integrated Energy System Research Articles

Regional Integrated Energy System Planning considering Energy Price Uncertainties: A Two-stage Stochastic Programming Approach

Abstract The implementation of regional Integrated Energy System (IES) in urban areas enable the integration of multiple energy systems including electric, cooling and heating power systems. In this paper, we propose a stochastic programming planning method for IES based on Energy Hub model, in which energy price uncertainties from bulk energy systems are considered. In terms of investment planning for IES, the considered candidate options are combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP), gas boiler, centralized air conditioner with different sizes, which are described by several generalized constraints. Moreover, the operation cost of importing natural gas and electric power are considered, where several typical days based on annual load profile are included so that the cost can be simulated more accurately. The price uncertainties are described as normal distribution and simulated by multi-scene, thus a two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated with investment planning as first-stage problem and IES operation as second-stage problem. Case studies demonstrated the effectiveness of proposed model, in which the benefits of IES resulted from complementary and coordination between multi energy systems are illustrated.

Planning and operation method of the regional integrated energy system considering economy and environment

This paper presents a two-stage optimization method for a coupled capacity planning and operation problem, cast within the economical operation of Regional Integrated Energy System. The first stage optimization of the proposed model represents a regional integrated energy system planner whose purpose is to minimize its energy and environmental cost, while the second stage is an operation problem whose primary role is to achieve the optimal operation scheme of the system. The regional integrated energy system planner pursues best interests by co-optimizing the capacity configuration and power output of individual energy supply module, while the regional integrated energy system maximizes the installed capacity of renewable energy sources and minimizes the environmental costs. To illustrate the advantage of the proposed method, the NSGA-II algorithm and the mixed integer linear programming method are implemented to solve the model based on simulation. Besides, application of the optimization method proposed to the energy infrastructure of a regional integrated energy system in China is discussed, and the results obtained through simulation are compared to the bi-level optimization objectives. The results show that the proposed method is economical and effective in practical application.

Research on Benefit Equilibrium of Various Subjects in Regional Integrated Energy System

Regional integrated energy system is a combination designed to connect various energy supply and demand systems based on the in-depth integration of urban regional energy and information communication. With the integrated energy system in a certain industrial park as research object, the paper aims to determine energy constitutions within the integrated energy system and various load curves, calculate operating economic interests and users’ energy consumption cost of various subjects under an independent node, analyze cooperation modes of these subjects in cooperation situations, discuss specific economic returns of such subjects under different combination modes and compare theses combination modes, and rationally distribute the total returns of the integrated energy system by Shapley value method, based on which calculate the incremental economic benefits of various subjects.

Parallel LSTM‐Based Regional Integrated Energy System Multienergy Source‐Load Information Interactive Energy Prediction

The multienergy interaction characteristic of regional integrated energy systems can greatly improve the efficiency of energy utilization. This paper proposes an energy prediction strategy for multienergy information interaction in regional integrated energy systems from the perspective of horizontal interaction and vertical interaction. Firstly, the multienergy information coupling correlation of the regional integrated energy system is analyzed, and the horizontal interaction and vertical interaction mode are proposed. Then, based on the long short‐term memory depth neural network time series prediction, parallel long short‐term memory multitask learning model is established to achieve horizontal interaction among multienergy systems and based on user‐driven behavioral data to achieve vertical interaction between source and load. Finally, uncertain resources composed of wind power, photovoltaic, and various loads on both sides of source and load integrated energy prediction are achieved. The simulation results of the measured data show that the interactive parallel prediction method proposed in this article can effectively improve the prediction effect of each subtask.

Optimal Scheduling Method for a Regional Integrated Energy System Considering Joint Virtual Energy Storage

Energy storage equipment is an important part of integrated energy systems, but the construction and operational costs of it are great. Therefore, it’s difficult to apply energy storage equipment on a large scale. As an alternative measure, adjusting controllable loads including electric vehicles (EVs) and air conditioning loads jointly can transfer loads across time periods and reduce variation difference between heat and electric loads. These controllable loads can be regarded as “virtual energy storage system”. Managing the charging of EVs and heat storage of buildings, a joint virtual energy storage system including electric energy storage and thermal energy storage is proposed in this paper. Then, these models are integrated into a scheduling model for regional integrated energy system (RIES). The charging/discharging power management of joint virtual energy storage systems can be realized by arranging the charging of EVs based on vehicle-driven rules and by adjusting building indoor temperatures within the temperature comfort range. Finally, simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheduling method. Simulation results show that the RIES optimal scheduling model considering joint virtual energy storage can reduce operational costs. The stability of RIES is improved with the combination of virtual electrical and thermal energy storage.

Economic Dispatch for Regional Integrated Energy System With District Heating Network Under Stochastic Demand

The strong interdependency of heat and power supply restricts the operational flexibility of combined heat and power (CHP) units, especially in cold seasons. More than that, such kind of coupling can conventionally cause massive power curtailment of renewable energy sources (RES) under stochastic heat demands. In this paper, these issues are resolved by the cooperation between the district heating network (DHN) and load-side thermal storages in a regional integrated energy system (RIES) model. In which, the DHN is formulated as an energy-storage-like (ESL) model, based on the dynamic characteristics of temperature and time delay effect of the medium within the pipeline system. The potential benefits of the proposed model, in terms of increasing the integration of RES and the total revenue of the entire system, have been demonstrated by the case studies.

Bilayer game strategy of regional integrated energy system under multi‐agent incomplete information

In view of the high coupling degree of regional integrated energy system, a bilayer interaction strategy, consisting of energy suppliers, distribution networks, and users, is proposed. Game interaction strategy includes two aspects: scheduling and bidding. The independent system operator (ISO) coordinates all adjustable resources. Depending on the quotation price and multi-energy load prediction, ISO minimises the total energy cost, which realises the complementary of the multi-energy in the cooperative game. Under the assumption of incomplete information and bounded rationality, this study designs bidding functions and pay-as-bid settlement protocols. On this basis, according to history scheduling data and units’ characteristics, agents for energy suppliers pursue maximum interests. Also, the non-cooperative bidding process in multi-energy market is simulated by using Q-learning algorithm. Finally, the evolutionary process of the bilayer competitive game model is studied by practical example, and the existence local Nash equilibrium of the strategy is also proven.

Planning Method of Regional Integrated Energy System considering Demand Side Uncertainty

Abstract In this paper, a robust planning method of regional integrated energy system (IES) considering the uncertainty of cooling, heat and electrical loads on the demand side is submitted. First, the energy hub (EH) model of regional IES with Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP), electric air-conditioning unit (EC) and gas boiler (GB) is established. Second, the uncertainty of load is described by the method of adjustable interval, and the robust planning model of regional IES is formed. Third, the robust programming model can be transformed into a convex mixed integer planning model, and then solved. Finally, the case study is carried out with a comprehensive area of Tianjin in China, the results are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method.

Research on Battery Energy Storage as Backup Power in the Operation Optimization of a Regional Integrated Energy System

Recently, integrated energy systems have become a new type of energy supply model. It is clear that integrated energy systems can improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. However, the use of a battery energy storage system (BESS) as a backup power source will affect the operating costs of a regional integrated energy system (RIES) in different situations. In this paper, a regional integrated energy system including wind turbines, photovoltaics, gas turbines and battery energy storage was introduced. In order to obtain the minimum operation cost, an operation optimization model was built. The schedule plans of each unit were optimized by a moth flame optimization (MFO) algorithm. Finally, three different scenarios were proposed for the simulation optimization. The simulation optimization results show that when the BESS is used as a backup power source, the operating cost of the system and the resulting pollutant emissions are less than the diesel generator (DG) set. Therefore, it is worthwhile to use BESS instead of DG as the backup power source in RIES.

Multi-objective Optimal Allocation of Regional Integrated Energy System

The integrated energy system (IES) can promote complementarity and efficient use of different energy by coupling with multiple energy resources, such as electricity, heat and cold. An optimal capacity configuration method of regional integrated energy system considering electricity and heat transaction is proposed in this paper, including the cost of energy interaction between IES and power/heating networks. The optimization objective is a multi-objective function considering the economy, environmental protection, reliability of the system and interacting power fluctuation factors. Based on the energy hub, this paper optimizes the capacity of every energy supply equipment within the region and the genetic algorithm is adopted combining with system economic operation on typical days. Finally, the proposed method is verified by an example of a certain park. The results show that the method can effectively reduce the cost of system and reasonably avoid the limitations caused by the single decision factor in the system planning stage, which provides a reference for the planning and design of actual IESs.

Optimal scheduling of the RIES considering time-based demand response programs with energy price

With the revolution of the traditional economic and social pattern based on centralized fossil energy consumption, the regional integrated energy system (RIES) has gained rapid development in recent years for achieving higher energy efficiency. This paper expands the Demand Response (DR) concept to the RIES and presents an optimal operation model of RIES considering the DR mechanism on the energy price. In this paper, a comprehensive DR strategy combining energy price and different loads is firstly developed to exploit the demand flexibility of RIES in the DR model established. Based on the DR modeling of the RIES, an operation optimization model with environmental, economic benefits and energy supply reliability as objective functions has been firstly established in detail. Secondly, a complete scheduling scheme is built based on the energy consumption characteristics and system operation characteristic of the integrated energy system. The model presented could reduce the cost of system without causing a significant amount of environmental pollution, and improve the energy efficiency of the RIES efficiently. Besides, the scheduling strategy proposed could also provide support for the operation strategy of integrated energy system under the energy development. Hopefully, this paper will provide reference for future research and engineering projects on DR programs in the RIES.

Application and Research of Interactive Display System for Regional Integrated Energy System

In order to better demonstrate the effectiveness of regional energy internet and integrated energy utilization, this paper presents a scenario of building a regional integrated energy display system, which covers hardware and simulation model. The simulation model is consisting of four dimensions: ‘environment’, ‘geography’, ‘component’ and ‘integrated energy system’, the interaction rule of models is also defined. This display system is based on the resource-oriented design method, using the interactive model by placing corresponding components to construct a regional integrated energy internet with multiple energy sources (cold, heat, electricity, gas, etc.). This paper provides a brand new operation plan for integrated energy display and greatly improved the efficiency of modeling. Finally, the proposed scenario is applied to one provincial electric power company of China, its effectiveness and feasibility is verified.

Optimal Scheduling of an Regional Integrated Energy System with Energy Storage Systems for Service Regulation

Ancillary services are critical to maintaining the safe and stable operation of power systems that contain a high penetration level of renewable energy resources. As a high-quality regulation resource, the regional integrated energy system (RIES) with energy storage system (ESS) can effectively adjust the non-negligible frequency offset caused by the renewable energy integration into the power system, and help solve the problem of power system frequency stability. In this paper, the optimization model aiming at regional integrated energy system as a participant in the regulation market based on pay-for-performance is established. Meanwhile YALMIP + CPLEX is used to simulate and analyze the total operating cost under different dispatch modes. This paper uses the actual operation model of the PJM regulation market to guide the optimal allocation of regulation resource in the regional integrated energy system, and provides a balance between the power trading revenue and regulation market revenue in order to achieve the maximum profit.

Economic Dispatch of Generalized Multi-source Energy Storage in Regional Integrated Energy Systems

The development of low-carbon technology has strengthened the linkage among various energy vectors in regional integrated energy systems (RIESs). For the sake of economy and stability, grid-level energy storage is in urgent need. To address this issue, a novel approach called generalized multi-source energy storage (GMSES) is proposed, taking advantage of synergies and complementary benefits of different energy systems. This paper focuses on the electricity-gas RIES, and two typical types of GMSES systems are studied based on the energy hub concept, while three modes of GMSES are modeled and analyzed, including charging, standby and discharging status. On this basis, an economic dispatch solution of GMSES is investigated along with steady-state multi-energy flow analysis, facilitating economic and stable operation of RIESs. Numerical studies show the applicability of the proposed method in this paper, and GMSES systems can be operated in a flexible way.

A Decomposed Solution of Multi-energy Flow in Regional Integrated Energy Systems Considering Operational Constraints

Abstract With the technology development of energy conversion, multi-energy flow containing electricity, gas and heat is becoming tightly integrated in regional integrated energy systems (RIESs). Interactions and complementarities of various energy systems can bring more environmental and economic benefits but also security problems. This paper studies a decomposed solution of multi-energy flow considering operational constraints, the energy coupling part is analyzed with the concept of energy hub (EH). Multi-energy flow calculation is verified in case study under conditions of different disturbance in EH, showing the necessarily of operational constraint concern. In addition, a multi-energy flow regulation is discussed utilizing gas load-pressure sensitivity analysis.