Regional Government Research Articles

A susceptibility gene signature for ERBB2-driven mammary tumour development and metastasis in collaborative cross mice

Deeper insights into ERBB2-driven cancers are essential to develop new treatment approaches for ERBB2+ breast cancers (BCs). We employed the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model to unearth genetic factors underpinning Erbb2-driven mammary tumour development and metastasis. 732 F1 hybrid female mice between FVB/N MMTV-Erbb2 and 30 CC strains were monitored for mammary tumour phenotypes. GWAS pinpointed SNPs that influence various tumour phenotypes. Multivariate analyses and models were used to construct the polygenic score and to develop a mouse tumour susceptibility gene signature (mTSGS), where the corresponding human ortholog was identified and designated as hTSGS. The importance and clinical value of hTSGS in human BC was evaluated using public datasets, encompassing TCGA, METABRIC, GSE96058, and I-SPY2 cohorts. The predictive power of mTSGS for response to chemotherapy was validated invivo using genetically diverse MMTV-Erbb2 mice. Distinct variances in tumour onset, multiplicity, and metastatic patterns were observed in F1-hybrid female mice between FVB/N MMTV-Erbb2 and 30 CC strains. Besides lung metastasis, liver and kidney metastases emerged in specific CC strains. GWAS identified specific SNPs significantly associated with tumour onset, multiplicity, lung metastasis, and liver metastasis. Multivariate analyses flagged SNPs in 20 genes (Stx6, Ramp1, Traf3ip1, Nckap5, Pfkfb2, Trmt1l, Rprd1b, Rer1, Sepsecs, Rhobtb1, Tsen15, Abcc3, Arid5b, Tnr, Dock2, Tti1, Fam81a, Oxr1, Plxna2, and Tbc1d31) independently tied to various tumour characteristics, designated as a mTSGS. hTSGS scores (hTSGSS) based on their transcriptional level showed prognostic values, superseding clinical factors and PAM50 subtype across multiple human BC cohorts, and predicted pathological complete response independent of and superior to MammaPrint score in I-SPY2 study. The power of mTSGS score for predicting chemotherapy response was further validated in an invivo mouse MMTV-Erbb2 model, showing that, like findings in human patients, mouse tumours with low mTSGS scores were most likely to respond to treatment. Our investigation has unveiled many new genes predisposing individuals to ERBB2-driven cancer. Translational findings indicate that hTSGS holds promise as a biomarker for refining treatment strategies for patients with BC. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Breast Cancer Research Program (BCRP) (BC190820), United States; MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011039 (PID2020-118527RB-I00, PDC2021-121735-I00), the "European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR," the Regional Government of Castile and León (CSI144P20), European Union.

Which Legitimization for de facto States? The Case of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq

ABSTRACT Within the main framework of Pegg’s de facto states, this article deals with the de facto state phenomenon and presents a case study of the position of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG) in order to explore its legitimacy-seeking policies and implications. De facto states are internationally engaged but unrecognized entities in the international community. However, their standing and legitimacy policies draw the attention of world states because of their varying impacts on global security and the transnational challenges they present. In such a context, this article elaborates on the KRG’s legitimacy-seeking position with respect to security/stability and democracy/pluralist society in the light of its relations with Iraq, the wider Middle East and the international community.

Effect of Budget Participation, Transparency and Internal Control of Accountability and Local Government Financial Performance Bulukumba Regency

Objective: The study aimed to analyze several key factors affecting the accountability and financial performance of the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency. Specifically, it sought to examine (1) the effect of budget participation on accountability and financial performance, (2) the impact of transparency on accountability and financial performance, and (3) the role of internal supervision on accountability and financial performance. Methods: This research utilized a quantitative approach, gathering primary data through questionnaires distributed to 201 respondents. The study was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023. Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the assistance of Amos Version 25 and SPSS Version 25. Results: The findings of the study revealed several key insights: (1) Budget participation, transparency, and internal supervision were found to have a positive and significant effect on accountability. (2) Accountability, in turn, positively and significantly impacted the financial performance of the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency. (3) Both budget participation and transparency were found to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. (4) Internal supervision showed a positive but not significant effect on financial performance. (5) Overall, budget participation, transparency, and internal supervision positively and significantly influenced the financial performance of the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency through the mediation of accountability. Conclusion: The study concluded that budget participation, transparency, and internal supervision play crucial roles in enhancing accountability and financial performance within the Regional Government of Bulukumba Regency. Accountability serves as a significant mediator in translating these factors into improved financial outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of fostering participatory budgeting, transparency, and robust internal supervision to drive better governance and financial results.

Analysis of Cirebon City Local Government Policies in the Use of Social Media for MSME Product Marketing

The development of MSMEs in Cirebon City faces several challenges, including the lack of understanding among MSME actors about the use of technology in digital marketing. This study aims to determine the involvement of local government, especially the Office of Small, Medium Enterprises, Industry, and Trade Cooperatives, in supporting MSMEs through the use of social media. The study examines two variables: the content of the policy and the implementation environment. This research is qualitative in nature, with data collection techniques conducted through direct interviews with the Office and MSMEs in Cirebon City. The results indicate that the use of social media for marketing MSME products in Cirebon City has been effective, as evidenced by the increased promotion of MSME products. However, limitations in human resources, skills, and knowledge about marketing administration remain weaknesses. Therefore, regular and consistent training on the use of social media platforms for MSMEs is necessary, and the Cirebon City Regional Government should monitor the implementation of these programs.

Audit of the Financial Audit Agency on the Procurement of Goods and Services Reviewed from the Corruption Eradication Commission (Case Study of Land Acquisition Owned by the Sumber Waras Health Foundation by the Regional Government of DKI Jakarta Province

The report on the results of the investigation by the Jakarta Provincial Government's Financial Audit Agency in 2014 explained that there were irregularities in the purchase of 36,410 square meters of land belonging to the Sumber Waras Health Foundation by the Jakarta Provincial Government. The purpose of this study is to understand the indications of state financial irregularities or according to the rules when reviewed from the Corruption Eradication Commission. The method uses a normative juridical approach, using literature or secondary data as the basis for research, and is carried out by looking for regulations and literature related to the problem being studied. The results explained that the Financial Audit Agency claimed that the purchase of land for the Sumber Waras Health Foundation was found to have the potential to harm the state reaching Rp191 billion, which was reported during a hearing at Commission three of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia with the Corruption Eradication Commission on June 14, 2016. Based on Law 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission which has conducted an investigation, two crucial numbers are explained, including: first, the investigators of the Corruption Eradication Commission stated that they did not find any unlawful acts in the purchase of land for the Sumber Waras Health Foundation; Second, the Corruption Eradication Commission invited experts, including the Indonesian Appraiser Professional Association. According to the results reported by the Financial Audit Agency regarding the finances of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in 2014 and the investigation from the Audit of the Financial Audit Agency, there were six irregularities including planning, budgeting, team formation, procurement, price formation, and delivery of results. As a result, the state's financial losses amounted to Rp191 billion.

Economic Indicator System for Adaptive Monitoring of Compound Climate Change Risks

Climate change adaptation requires proactive development of adaptive planning strategies. To implement such strategies, it is crucial to identify indicators that can monitor and signal approaching adaptation thresholds. While existing research has focused on physical and hazard-based indicators, addressing social and economic indicators is essential for informed decision-making. This research aims to fill this gap by compiling 298 economic indicators across six categories: fiscal factors for central, regional, and local governments; financial system indicators; indicators for industries, businesses, and public organisations; and indicators for identifying socially vulnerable populations due to climate change. Derived from previous studies and the national climate change risk assessment framework, these indicators aim to provide policymakers at all levels and communities with a ready-to-use toolbox for monitoring climate change economic risks. Additionally, the research identifies measurable indicators as well as those that cannot currently be measured but could potentially be quantified. Future work involves further analysis and mapping of these indicators to form a cohesive set warning of the need for adaptation measures, aiming to equip decision-makers with tools to address the economic impacts of climate change.

Khartoum War's echoes in oil and energy sectors: Economic and environmental implications for Sudan and South Sudan

The energy sector is a main driver of African growth, particularly in regions with geopolitical conflicts like Sudan and South Sudan. The oil and gas industry notably influences these regions' economy, politics, humanitarian situation, and social stability. This study seeks to investigate how the Khartoum War affected the energy sector of both Sudan and South Sudan, particularly looking at the disruptions caused by recent conflicts and their impact on oil production, economic stability, and environmental conditions. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach, utilising different sources such as regional legal agreements, government reports, academic articles, and press releases from international organisations. The key methodology includes qualitative analysis of several documents and quantitative assessment of production data and economic reports. The study's key findings show a significant decline in oil production and transportation due to the shutdown of key oilfields and pipelines, intensifying economic and humanitarian crises. Additionally, the damage to oil infrastructure has presented serious environmental risks, highlighting the delicate balance between resource management and regional stability. In conclusion, the study's findings underscore the intense impact of the Khartoum War on the energy sector of Sudan and South Sudan, and the urgent need for policy recommendations to mitigate these effects and foster sustainable development.

Vaccinome landscape in nearly 620,000 patients with diabetes.

Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with an elevated incidence of infectious diseases and a higher risk of infections-related hospitalization and death. In this study, we delineated the "vaccinome" landscape obtained with a large immunization schedule offered by the Regional Government of Lombardy in a cohort of 618,396 patients with diabetes (T1D and T2D). Between September 2021 and September 2022, immunization coverage for influenza, meningococcus, pneumococcus, and herpes zoster was obtained from the public computerized registry of the healthcare system of Lombardy Region (Italy) in 618,396 patients with diabetes and in 9,534,087 subjects without diabetes. Type of diabetes, age, mortality, and hospitalizations were retrospectively analyzed in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Among patients with diabetes (T1D and T2D), 44.6% received the influenza vaccine, 10.9% the pneumococcal vaccine, 2.5% the anti-meningococcus vaccine and 0.7% the anti-zoster vaccine. Patients with diabetes immunized for influenza, zoster and meningococcus showed a 2-fold overall reduction in mortality risk and a decrease in hospitalizations. A 3-fold lower risk of mortality and a decrease in hospitalizations for both cardiac and pulmonary causes were also observed after influenza, zoster, and meningococcus immunization in older patients with diabetes. Immunization coverage is still far from the recommended targets in patients with diabetes. Despite this, influenza vaccination protected nearly 3,800 per 100,000 patients with diabetes from risk of death. The overall impressive decrease in mortality and hospitalizations observed in vaccinated patients strengthens the need for scaling up the "vaccinome" landscape in patients with diabetes.

Pengaruh PAD, Dana Perimbangan, dan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Belanja Daerah

Regional government expenditure is reflected in regional expenditure. Regional spending allocations must be adjusted to clear development goals. In 2022, East Java Province recorded revenue realization of 107.4%, while regional expenditure realization was 92.47%. Regional expenditure is influenced by several factors that need to be known in order to allocate it according to targets. Therefore, the aim of this research is to see the influence of PAD, balancing funds, and population on regional expenditure in East Java Province in 2008-2022 using multiple linier regression analysis method. So it is known that the variables PAD, balancing funds, and population during simultaneous testing have a significant effect on regional spending. Meanwhile, partially the two variables, namely PAD and balancing funds, are positively related and have a significant influence, but the population variable does not have a significant influence on regional expenditure. So it would be better for the East Java Provincial government to intensify regional expenditure allocations to support public services for the sake of realizing community welfare.

Pengaruh Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kantor Kecamatan Kesugihan

Cilacap Regent Regulation No. 03 of 2024, which addresses the Provision of Additional revenue to State Civil Apparatus Employees in the Regional Government, provides civil servants in the Kesugihan Subdistrict Office, Cilacap Regency with sources of revenue beyond their salary and allowances. One way to show gratitude for the work that state civil apparatus employees do is to give them a raise. This will have a positive impact on their morale, productivity, and overall well-being. This prompted the author to investigate whether or not the Cilacap Regency Government's civil officials, and those working in the Kesugihan District Office in particular, would be more productive after receiving a salary increase. The author's research shows that in the Kesugihan District office setting, additional employee income does have an effect on civil servants' performance, but that this effect is not yet optimal and requires additional attention from leadership to achieve maximum results. The Kesugihan District Office's civil servants could benefit from additional employee income (TPP) in the form of higher wages and better working conditions, as well as more discipline, which should lead to better service delivery.

Increasing the Competence of Jayapura Regency’s Famers Through Training in Organic Fertilizer Production to Increase Plant Growth

The aim of this training is to increase the competence of farmers in Yobeh Village in terms of (1) farmers can utilize agricultural residues and organic waste; (2) farmers can reduce farming costs; and (3) farmers can produce environmentally friendly agricultural commodities. Training is carried out face to face so that farmers can carry out the stages of making organic fertilizer. Training activities were carried out in Yobeh Village, Sentani Kota District, Jayapura Regency. The tools and materials used in composting training consist of EM4 solution, water, forage or straw, husks, buckets, scoops, knives, or scissors. This training activity was carried out using lecture, training, and mentoring methods for participants. Based on the results of the training activities, it can be concluded: (1) The training participants had high enthusiasm and were proactive in asking several questions; (2) Basically, participants have used organic fertilizer in their farming activities, but have not used EM4 solution; and (3) Participants are able to understand the benefits, processes and materials used in making organic fertilizer. Suggestions that can be conveyed by the author include: (1) It is hoped that training participants will be able to utilize organic waste into organic fertilizer; and (2) Local regional governments are expected to provide training to improve farmer competency.

Enhancing resilience: Integrating future flood modeling and socio-economic analysis in the face of climate change impacts

As climate change intensifies, future floods will become more severe in some areas with geographic variation, necessitating that local and regional governments implement systems to provide information for climate adaptation, particularly for vulnerable populations. Therefore, we aimed to develop a methodology to identify areas that are at an increased risk from future floods and independently socially vulnerable. In this study, 100-year recurrence interval flood extents and depths were estimated using an ensemble of six independent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models for a past and future period under the highest-emissions climate scenario. The flood inundation results were related to social vulnerability for two selected study areas in the Mississippi River Basin. The range of flood extents and depths for both time periods were estimated, and differences were evaluated to determine the effects from climate change. To identify at-risk areas, the relationship between the spatial distribution of flood depths and vulnerability was then assessed. Finally, an analysis of the current and future damages on infrastructure from flooding on residential housing was performed to determine whether damages are correlated with higher vulnerability areas. Results show in every flooding scenario, flood extents and depths are increasing in the future compared with the past, ranging from an increase of 6 to 76 km2 in extent across both locations. A statistically significant relationship between spatial clusters of flooding and of vulnerability was found. The infrastructure analysis found that residential structures in the most vulnerable census tracts are 6 to 59 times more likely to experience moderate damage compared with the least vulnerable tracts depending on scenario. Overall, a framework was established to holistically understand the hydrologic and socioeconomic impacts of climate change, and a methodology was developed to use for allocating resources at the local scale.

Division Construction Government Authority In Law Number 23 of 2014

The concept of the division of government affairs in deconcentrating and co-administration has a long history in Indonesian constitutional records. Amendments to the 1945 Constitution, especially the second amendment concerning the concept and pattern of the division of a government, have indicated that a centralized government would actually pose a threat to disintegration so that strengthening decentralization is not a weakening of Indonesia, but an effort to strengthen it. In other words, the choice to use the concept of autonomy as broadly as possible should be understood as a way to build a just balance between central and regional power relations. One of the issues regarding the constitutionality of regional government that has become a space for academic debate after the issuance of Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Trade Law relates to the concept of the division of government affairs between government structures. Moving on from the point of view of State Constitutional Law and State Administrative Law, the analysis will be directed at the parameters used to construct the division of authority between government structures based on executive power (Article 4 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia) or based on the authority stipulated by the constitution. In another part, Law Number 23 of 2014 has reduced the essence of the concept of deconcentrating which previously was only carried out by the Governor, now it is also carried out by the Regent/Mayor. In such a concept, the problem is how to juxtapose the decentralization method with other methods such as deconcentrating and co-administration and institutionalization of the three principles.

Toward the identification of laggard rural areas: an evolutionary resilience approach

ABSTRACT Based on the evolutionary resilience approach and using Principal Component Analysis, this paper proposes a composite weighted index to measure levels of rural resilience and, in addition, to unravel why some rural areas are less resilient than others. Taking the region of Cantabria (northern Spain) at the municipal level as a sort of ‘laboratory’, the overall results unveil poor levels of resilience and suggest that the main factors limiting resilience are related to cultural interest, rural potential, natural endowment, and connectivity. Our findings also reveal considerable spatial heterogeneity across the different domains of resilience. As a specific contribution, the study brings together rural resilience levels and population growth (as population decline is the first direct consequence of a lack of resilience) in order to define different categories of rural territories, among which laggard rural areas are singled out as areas to be targeted for political intervention. When focusing on such areas, a crucial finding of the paper is that some municipalities that are lagging behind have not been included by the Regional Government as being at severe risk of depopulation, meaning that they cannot benefit from close public monitoring and fiscal support.

Особенности налогообложения разработки минерально-сырьевых ресурсов: мировой и отечественный опыты

Building a balanced system for obtaining a fair share of resource rents is one of the central objectives for the governments in the countries, rich in mineral resources. The special attention is paid to the high-margin projects on extraction of the hydrocarbon raw materials. Thus, the state share in the exploitation of its natural resources includes a variety of components, type and scope of which are determined by the specific conditions of a mining project. The article reviews the main tax instruments used in development of the mineral deposits, also considers the main trends in development of the international tax systems and their reflection in the Russian practice. It is shown that the main directions of the fiscal policy include simplification and striving for simplicity of administration, transparency in contracts between investors and governments, focus on transfer price issues, transition from gross royalties to taxation of economic results. Peculiarities of the budget policy in Russia determine development of agreements between the governments of the mining regions and mining companies aimed at the infrastructure and social facilities development, as a form of indirect natural rents for the development of the territories and local communities.

Trend in the age mortality structure during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, lasted just over three years. Its end was announced in early May 2023. According to official data, the pandemic claimed 6.9 million lives worldwide, but it is believed that at least 20 million people were victims. The first wave of the pandemic was caused by a virus that spread from China. The virus mainly kills representatives of older age groups of the population and is characterized by a high degree of mutagenicity, which contributes to the emergence of new strains of the virus. The most aggressive and established in the population new strains of the virus spread and gave rise to the second wave of the pandemic, which turned out to be the longest. The third wave was caused by the most aggressive strain, spreading from India, and caused the greatest number of deaths. Aim of the study was to identify the extent to which changes in the virus itself affected the gender and age mortality structure during the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic observed between 2020 and 2021. Materials and methods. The method of single factor analysis of variance was applied. The study was based on the data of the Operational Headquarters under the Government of Samara region, which were published daily with the indication of gender, age, and cause of each death. Results. The analysis confirmed the influence of the virus variability factor on the age mortality structure at the significance level of p<0.05. Comparison of the diagrams of the shares of the selected age segments in the mortality of men and women in each of the pandemic waves clearly showed how the gender and age mortality structure changed. The result of the analysis of variance showed that the changes occurring in the virus itself, although not as significant, affected the mortality pattern, with male mortality being more affected than female mortality. Conclusion. The result of the analysis of variance showed changes occurring in the virus itself to have an impact on the mortality structure, and on male mortality to a greater extent than on female mortality.

Political Contribution of the Sultanate of Ternate to Regional Government in North Maluku Province 1999-2023

Political Contribution of the Sultanate of Ternate to Regional Government in North Maluku Province 1999-2023

Factors that affect the accuracy of submitting SKPK Treasurer Accountability Reports to the Aceh Tamiang Regency Government

The application of accounting standards in the country in the management of regional finance has an impact on regional budget implementation responsibility reports (APBD). This type of research is quantitative descriptive and describes the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Meanwhile, human resource factors, treasurer facilities, and infrastructure, treasurer's term of office, regulations, the intensity of management training, and accountability of SKPD treasurers, as well as unclear roles in the Aceh Tamiang district government have a big influence—the impact of the timeliness of submitting regional government accountability reports. In several cases, the variable intensity of administrative training and responsibilities of SKPD accountants (X5), as well as the ambiguity of the role (X6) produced a positive impact on the timeliness of government reporting in the regions.

Planning healthy food environments: An analysis of local government municipal public health and wellbeing policy in regional Victoria.

While there has been an increased focus on how local governments can support the creation of healthy food environments through healthy public policy, little is known about how this is reflected in public health policy in regional areas. The aim of this study was to understand how improvements to the food environment are prioritised, implemented and evaluated by local governments in regional Victoria. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, content analysis was undertaken of Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plans and Council Plans from 10 regional local governments in Victoria, Australia. Seventeen policy documents were analysed including 10 Council Plans, 6 Municipal Public Health and Wellbeing Plans and 1 Food Systems Strategy. Findings highlight regional public health and wellbeing plans have very few concrete actions in place to improve food environments. There is an opportunity for Australian regional local governments to include in their public health and wellbeing plans a greater emphasis on supporting healthy food behaviours, and therefore seeking opportunities to improve food environments through clearly aligned priorities, objectives, actions and measures of success. SO WHAT?: Improving the quality of public health and wellbeing plans can support local government to use policy to drive improvements in food environments leading to improved health and wellbeing for regional communities.

The Influence of Digital Literacy and Information Technology on the Use of SP4N LAPOR!

The National Public Service Complaint Management System - People's Online Aspiration and Complaint Service (SP4N-LAPOR) is integral to Indonesia's governance framework, facilitating citizen participation and grievance redressal. This study examines the dynamics of citizen engagement through SP4N-LAPOR in 2023, revealing a significant 30% increase in complaints totaling 176,853, primarily directed at Ministries/Institutions rather than Regional Governments, highlighting uneven awareness and utilization at the local level. The research focuses on East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, assessing the impact of digital literacy and community information technology use on SP4N-LAPOR adoption. Utilizing random sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, findings indicate substantial influences: digital literacy (X1) significantly affects engagement (t = 2.039, p < 0.05), as does community information technology use (X2) (t = 9.512, p < 0.001), jointly explaining 49.7% of SP4N-LAPOR usage variance. This underscores the imperative to enhance digital literacy and promote IT accessibility to bolster public interaction with SP4N-LAPOR, offering actionable insights for policy and practice to improve governance responsiveness nationwide.