Regional Governance Systems Research Articles

Digitalization and modernization of the National Employment Policy

The presented study identifies the channels through which digital transformation affects the system of socio-economic relations, particularly relations associated with employment, and substantiates the transformations in the system of government regulation caused by digitalization.Aim. The study aims to develop proposals to improve the national economic policy in the field of employment regulation with allowance for the current and future challenges of digitalization and the experience of developed (in terms of information technology) countries.Tasks. The authors provide a brief description of the modern revolution in information technology manifested in the form of large-scale digitalization of socio-economic relations; assess the speed, focus, and problems of development of the digital sector of economy in Russia in comparison with other countries; determine the scale and channels through which digitalization affects the well-being and employment of the population; propose directions for improving the national economic policy in the field of employment regulation with allowance for Russian peculiarities.Methods. This study uses the methods of institutional, structural, and statistical analysis with regard to digital transformation processes and in the context of the examination of changes in the socio-economic system and employment structure. The problems of the impact of digital transformations on socio-economic relations are examined using a systems approach and the methodology of comparative analysis and benchmarking — in a comparative analysis of the situation in Russia and other countries. Results. The authors believe digitalization to be a new trend that determines the direction of socioeconomic development in the medium term. In terms of the level of digitalization, Russia is significantly lagging behind developed and many developing countries, which impairs the sustainability of the national economy and national economic security. At the same time, the existing lag allows us to critically study the foreign experience of large-scale digitalization, particularly in terms of its impact on the labor market, employment, and social structure, to form an efficient national policy for regulating the digital transformation of the economy and society. The study proposes several directions aimed at early recognition and neutralization of the potential negative effects of digitalization on the Russian socio-economic system.Conclusions. It is advisable to improve the national economic policy in the field of employment regulation and related fields with allowance for the current and future challenges of digitalization and the experience of developed (in terms of information technology) countries with a focus on certain areas, such as taking into consideration the prospective requirements of the labor market for “future specialists” (creativity, humanistic orientation of thinking and actions, leadership skills, psychological stability, cognitive flexibility, etc.) when developing and updating educational standards, and paying more attention to the development of continuous education. It is also necessary to strengthen government support for self-employment and individual entrepreneurship as legal forms serving as substitutions for hired labor in the digital economy, taking into account the “forced” (in some cases) nature of such entrepreneurship, which calls for government support in both economic and social terms. Convergence of the national policy in the field of social protection and social security with business policy plays an important role, as does the prevention of digital inequality and its “fusion” with traditional property and income inequality.

Divergent agricultural water governance scenarios: The case of Zayanderud basin, Iran

There is an urgent need to consider adaptation strategies for agricultural water resources in response to the ever-growing demand for freshwater around the world. This is especially poignant in arid and semi-arid regions, like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) where water resources have been extremely limited historically. Today, water resources are declining due to a variety of factors, including climate change, population growth and changing food preferences. Research on this topic typically seeks to assess the impact of discreet alternative interventions in isolation. However, it is necessary to analyze the broader factors affecting agricultural water management as interconnected components of a complex water governance system within a specific geographic context. This research uses an exploratory, formative scenario planning approach to a) identify important adaptation strategies, b) use those adaptation strategies to construct a small set of coherent, plausible and diverse regional agricultural water governance scenarios, and c) analyze future scenarios of the Zayandehroud watershed in Iran in the year 2040. The research shares five scenarios that exemplify divergent adaptation and mitigation approaches to agriculture water demand in Zayandehroud watershed, including adhering to the status quo. Each scenario embodies different economic and political priorities to reveal how those priorities impact the ecological, social, and economic sustainability of this watershed. These scenarios provide insights into the long-term implications of near-term decisions about water and food security, resilience of local communities and the ecological integrity of the regional watershed. This research explores the conceptual relationships between components of the water governance system and demonstrates an approach to analyzing alternative constellations of factors that will impact agricultural water management. Policy-makers can make more effective policies if they consider how to transform the broader system of regional water governance, rather than only evaluating discrete agricultural water management projects on a project-by-project basis.

Sosialisasi Peran Pemuda-Pemudi dalam Pemilihan Umum (PEMILU) di Nagan Raya Tahun 2019

Problems in the field show that there is a lack of awareness of young people in the realm of political education. In this case, political education in question is the lack of awareness and awareness of young people to be active and participate in giving their opinions and input to political issues so that they do not participate in the implementation of the General Election has raised challenging issues for the balance of a regional government system. . The implementation of this service is a socialization carried out face to face by delivering material related to the theme of devotion. The results and benefits obtained from the implementation of this socialization are able to foster early awareness of young people to start active in the political process such as exercising their voting rights when elections are held and able to provide motivation for young people to engage directly as a Success Team in supporting prospective couples who have vision-mission according to their views.

Spatial agglomeration of new energy industries on the performance of regional pollution control through spatial econometric analysis

With the increasing prominence of China’s energy security and environmental pollution issues, improving environmental control performance is significant for China to achieve a sustainable economy and environment. In this study, the impact of the spatial agglomeration of the new energy industry on the regional pollution control performance was considered in a spatial econometric model. From the two perspectives of technology patents and employees, the impact of the spatial agglomeration of the new energy industry was explored using the spatial panel data model. The research results show the existence of spatial correlation of the pollution control performance among regions. Moreover, the spatial agglomeration of relevant technology patents can have a negative effect and the spatial agglomeration of employees a positive effect on the improvement in regional pollution control performance. Then, policy recommendations to improve the regional pollution control performance are proposed based on the research results: establishing a regional environmental joint governance system, improving the diffusion mode of new energy technology patents, and quickly constructing a new energy industrial park.

Approaches to Assessing the Results of the Digital Transformation of the Russian Economy

The article focuses on the study of the interaction of digital processes in the “city-region-country” system when assessing the overall level of digital transformation of the Russian economy, since the works devoted to the consideration of the results of the introduction of digital technologies in the country do not analyze the features of territorial digital processes. The research aims at the necessity and possibility to show specific digitalization features of cities and regions in the existing evaluation methods of the Russian economy digital transformation index. The researchers used logical, systematic and comparative analysis methods to analyze the digitalization indicators of the largest Russian cities and regions. The authors analyze the digitalization indicators of the largest Russian cities and regions between 2014– 2018; they define indicators, reflecting regional disproportions of the national economy digitalization; and develop new methods to evaluate digital inequality in the system “city-region-country”. The use of the suggested indicators will improve the existing methods of evaluation of the largest Russian cities digitalization, increase the fairness of digital processes and technologies evaluation for making decisions in the system of state, regional and municipal government.

Political Dynamics in Regional Legislative Election System to Strengthen Harmonization Political Participation

Politics dynamics in regional legislative election system is found the problem there are conditions that are not in harmony between the format election system and the format regional government system. This problem can lead to low political representation of local communities by their legislators. This research contributes to gaining knowledge about the dynamics of regional politics and the ideal electoral system and harmony with local government systems that can be used in the future; with a high level of political representation, and to find out what factors are related to the regional legislative election system. This research uses ethnographic methods through in-depth interviews, direct participant observation, and documentation Data of 5 informants at the home of regional representatives, 5 political parties (in 2 different districts). His findings are that the electoral system still uses a semi-district model that is already out of proportion to the regional government system. Therefore this research is very important to change the improvement of the system which is also supported by a quality, integrity, professional, honest and fair election system; so that it will give birth to regional legislators who have a high level of political representation to their constituents; and at the same time can be effective in the administration of regional government.

Changing communication systems and information flows: A case study of increasing regional autonomy and decreasing centralized power in a goat farming in Purworejo regency, Central Java, Indonesia

Local autonomy was came into effect in Indonesia since 2010. This regulation bring change in government communication system. One of them is government communication system in Ettawa Crossbred (EC) goat farming in Purworejo regency. This study aims to: first, find out the link between regional autonomy and government communication system in EC goat farming in Purworejo regency (Central Java, Indonesia), second, find out the link among regional autonomy, the Election of Village Heads (EVH), and Farmer Groups (FG). The theory used in this research is communication system in the perspective of Niklas Luhmann. The method used is explorative case study. The result shows that regional autonomy has given an opportunity for local government (regency/city) to change the Regional Work Unit (RWU) in accordance with its interests. This change has made the structure of counselling EC goat farming into spin/zig-zag. Regional autonomy in the micro level, i.e. Election of Village Heads has also hindered the process of government communication system in counselling EC goat farming. Regional autonomy in micro level has complicated government communication system because it interfered farmer groups existence. Even though, farmer groups are structure where government communication system has been implemented, there are counselling from extension staff to farmers.

Формирование современной системы регионального и муниципального управления

<span>В статье проводится анализ действующей системы регионального и муниципального управления с целью выявления проблем, которые она не в состоянии решить или решает не в полной мере. Отмечается, что современное социально-экономическое развитие России сопровождается высокой пространственной дифференциацией регионов и муниципальных образований, при этом региональная экономическая политика и институциональные механизмы её реализации не учитывают региональных особенностей, многоукладности экономики и особой роли пространственного фактора в достижении высоких темпов социально-экономического развития. Показано, что на протяжении многих лет система управления демонстрирует свою неспособность обеспечить реализацию периодически формулируемых стратегических целей развития экономики и региональной политики. Доказательством неэффективности этой системы является невыполнение намеченных планов и приоритетов. Предложены меры по совершенствованию институциональной системы управления, направленные на улучшение инвестиционного климата, модернизацию экономики, рост уровня жизни населения регионов и муниципальных образований и повышение эффективности регионального и муниципального управления.</span>

A Network Autonomy Framework: Reconceptualizing Special District Autonomy in Polycentric Systems

Abstract The widespread proliferation of special districts and their role in producing and delivering public goods and services has been well documented. Each new entity further fragments government authority, and thus their autonomy is a critical determinant of how local governance systems function. Existing theories of special district autonomy emphasize formal institutional attributes such as election structure and state restrictions. We argue that this approach does not fully incorporate how relational dynamics such as functional interdependence, interest alignment, and social capital affect how special districts fit within regional polycentric governance systems. We propose a Network Autonomy Framework for local governments that focuses on relational dynamics between co-located1 governments and demonstrate an example of how this framework can be applied to a metropolitan region. By understanding how co-located governments relate to one another, we can gain a deeper understanding of special districts’ role in local governance systems and advance propositions as to how they will affect a variety of local policy outcomes.

Стрессоустойчивость (resilience) в дискурсах Европейского союза и международных организаций

Lately, the European Union (EU) has faced multiple internal and external challenges. The conceptual response of EU institutions was “A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy” (June 2016). At the core of the understanding of what was happening, as well as of the prospects of overcoming those crises, sat the concept of “resilience.” It has been some time since this concept appeared in the discourses of international organizations and its meaning remains volatile, situational and dependent on the scope of application, the relevant context and the authorship.The purpose of this study is to examine the specificity of use of the concept of resilience in the discourses of the EU and various international organizations, as well as the interrelation between those uses. The sample encompasses organizations of particular importance to the European integration project and to global and regional governance, including the Council of Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and those which comprise the United Nations system (the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, etc.). Since the empirical material consists mostly of official texts produced by international organizations, the preferred method of study is discourse analysis.The analysis examines the Brussels-advanced notion of resilience from a more distant perspective, namely, within the coordinate system of global and regional governance represented by Western-dominated multilateral institutions. The study identifies channels and agents responsible for the concept’s penetration into the discourses of the EU and other international organizations. Conclusions are drawn regarding similarities and divergences in the articulations of resilience. Particular focus is put on the interrelation between the concept and the neo-liberal approach to risk management and security.

Climate change adaptation, social capital, and the performance of polycentric governance institutions

How do patterns of interactions among policy actors shape their ability to contribute to climate change adaptation decision-making processes in fragmented regional governance settings? We address this question through statistical models of adaptation policy actors’ assessments of access to scientific/technical information as well as their perceptions of cooperation and procedural fairness across numerous adaptation decision-making processes operating in the Lake Victoria region, East Africa. We measured actors’ collaborative interactions as well as their participation in task forces, steering committees, and other policy forums that have emerged in response to the challenges of building adaptive capacity to the effects of climate change in the region. Because information access, cooperation, and procedural fairness are shaped by social processes, we tested how the performance of policy forums varied according to different measures of social capital. Specifically, we distinguished between bridging social capital (the value of relationships that span or broker between distinct subgroups) and bonding social capital (which results from frequent interaction or from clustered relationships within subgroups). We found that measures of bridging social capital had a positive effect on actors’ assessments of their access to information in policy forums, but a negative effect on their perceptions of cooperation and procedural fairness in forums. In contrast, measures of bonding social capital had a positive effect on cooperation and procedural fairness, but no effect on information access. Taken together, our results suggest that different forms of social capital have separate—and potentially opposing—effects on distinct measures of the performance of adaptation policy forums. The relative importance of each performance measure, which may vary from one policy forum to another, should guide efforts to encourage different forms of social capital across the numerous decision-making processes that comprise regional climate change adaptation governance systems.

PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM DAN PERLAKUAN KHUSUS WILAYAH PROVINSI KEPULAUAN DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DI INDONESIA

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em> : </em></strong><em>In the era of regional autonomy for regional governments to build the island province region based on: (a) There are as many as 60% of the population or as many as 140 million Indonesians live in coastal areas. Where 22% of them live in coastal and remote islands that have been less touched by development, (b), the development policy approach in Indonesia has been carried out with a land-oriented regional development approach whereas Indonesia is an archipelago therefore a different approach is needed for development in the island province, (c), Difficulties in Regional Control Patterns. In the Province, land-based communication is much easier to do, while communication is far more difficult to do in the island province, (d), the difficulty of the local government in empowering small islands in the island province especially those in the border region, (e), still Isolation of the archipelago community that has not been touched by development. In this paper the author uses a normative juridical approach with legal issues in this paper is the formation of law and special treatment of the island province in the system of regional government. Special arrangements and treatment of the Islands Province, because in Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Governments has not specifically regulated the island Province.</em></p>

The Organizational and Methodological Aspects of Remotely Researching the Issues Arising from the Digital Transformation of Regions with Different Levels of Social and Cultural Modernization. Part I

This is the first part of an article that will discuss digital transformation issues in Russian regions that differ by social and cultural modernization level, as well as the population’s willingness to accept digital transformation in life and at work. Today’s main digital transformation tools and regulators are regional governance systems, along with the relevant official bodies that are responsible for the design and implementation of strategic solutions for territorial development. In response to the associated issues, we interviewed experts in 17 Russian regions that differ by the aforementioned modernization level. We used the data collected during the interviews to: determine how prepared the regional organizations and enterprises are for digital transformation; evaluate the resources currently available for “breakthrough projects”; discover the public attitude towards the introduction of the Russian Federation Digital Economy national project. The article focuses on the research rationales and cognitive procedures that have been developed for the purposes of management sociology, and applies them to studying the issues that arise out of digital transformation and the introduction of “smart” governance on the regional level, based on the optimization of digital transformation through the involvement of the so-called stakeholders — specially assembled activist teams that contribute to the controlled implementation of digital technology in the region in a variety of ways, from research to applied solutions.

Теоретичні основи державного управління регіональним розвитком

The article states that the problem of balanced development of the regions of Ukraine is relevant and requires the use of sustainable development approaches, especially in view of the complex social processes that are characteristic of our state in today’s present-day realities. The actor identifies the main tasks of the regional socio-economic policy of the state, among which the main ones can be singled out: the search for a compromise on the issues of economic freedom of the regions; introduction of mechanisms for overcoming the asymmetry of the development of regions and the maintenance of depressed territories; stimulating innovation and investment development on the basis of effective use of the potential of regions; strengthening of the material base of territorial communities through the transition to the relationship of the state budget directly with the budgets of local self-government; intensifying the development of cross-border cooperation in the economic sphere. It is substantiated that the issues of balanced socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine are extremely relevant, since its solution will promote economic growth, increase the level and quality of life of the population and become a prerequisite for ensuring stability in our country. At the same time, in today’s conditions, the use of sustainable development approaches is becoming more and more relevant in the issues of regional development management, especially given the complex social processes that are characteristic of our country in the last period. It is noted that in the overwhelming majority of developed countries, regional policy changes content content, focusing attention and influence not on individual, underdeveloped, territories, but in all regions, focusing on the provision of endogenous regional and local development factors. As a result, the author emphasizes that the basis of modern state management of regional development should be the observance of the principles of complexity and systemicity in the reform of the existing system of regional governance and the formation and implementation of state regional policy.

REPRESENTATION OF POLITICAL ROLE OF BUNDO KANDUANG IN THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN STRENGTHENING LOCAL DEMOCRACY IN WEST SUMATERA

This paper intends to describe in depth the representation of the political role of political parties in strengthening local democracy in West Sumatra after returning to the regional government system that changed the political system of local government in Minangkabau. Through Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2007 concerning the Principles of Regional Government, the political system of local government in West Sumatra is based on the concept of "Basandi Syarak Customary, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah". With this concept, the implementation of regional government implemented in the context of local democracy comes from three elements, one of which is the custom of Bundo Kanduang (female figure) who represents women in the area. Representation and political role of women as part of the administration of regional government, their position is formally within the Regional Musyawwah Agency (BAMUSDA). Bundo kanduang is one of the traditional institutions which is a representation of women in the area. His main task is to preserve the culture and customs of Minangkabau based on Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah. Changes in the structure of the local government system in West Sumatra have shifted the representation and role of women who were previously only guardians of the continuity and preservation of customs.

MEMAHAMI KAWASAN KHUSUS DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DI INDONESIA

ABSTRACTKawasan Khusus are a concept that is used in the system of regional government in Indonesia. It is implemented simultaneously with other concepts such as decentralization, deconcentration and special autonomy. Kawasan khusus are formed by the central government with certain functions and in certain locations. In the perspective of the government, the agency or area manager carries out the functions of the government, especially the service function and the development function which is related to the specificity that it carries. Based on the regulations on regional government, special areas have many types, their existence also experienced various responses from the local government, some accepted some who refused and often conflict. This is due to a conflict that accompanies the implementation of a special area, the conflict can be at the usual policy level as well as in asset conflicts. Conflicts between local overnments and special area managers can only be terminated if the government clarifies the authority boundaries of autonomous regions and special areas operating in the same area
 Keyword: system, regional government, Indonesia

Why Symmetry may not be the Answer to the UK's Constitutional Unsettlement: A Response to Bruce Ackerman

AbstractIn this reply Michael Kenny identifies the distinctiveness of Ackerman's characterisation of Britishness and the case he makes for constitutional reform. But he queries the remedies that he advances and, in particular, the attempt to address the problem of asymmetry through a system of regional government in England. Kenny argues instead that any adequate approach to reform in this area needs to grasp the decline of existing forms of territorial statecraft in the UK and the specific character of, and underlying motivations for, the increasing sense of democratic self‐assertion among the English.

Paradox of Bureaucracy Neutrality in The Indonesia Regional Election

This paper aims provides how the actual issue of neutrality of Indonesian bureaucracy, especially on the Civil Servants of local government related to the Local election process. The important position of civil servants as public servants with its network touches many aspects of community life makes people as dependent on the bureaucracy existence. At the same time,bureaucracy seems under the politicians' interests due to their position in the system of regional government. This study also simultaneously shows how the concept of neutrality implements in Indonesian bureaucracy associated with the Indonesian political system, including in the context of the regional government.

Pembentukan Hukum dan Perlakuan Khusus Wilayah Provinsi Kepulauan dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Daerah di Indonesia

In the era of regional autonomy for regional governments to build the island province region based on: (a) There are as many as 60% of the population or as many as 140 million Indonesians live in coastal areas. Where 22% of them live in coastal and remote islands that have been less touched by development, (b), the development policy approach in Indonesia has been carried out with a land-oriented regional development approach whereas Indonesia is an archipelago therefore a different approach is needed for development in the island province, (c), Difficulties in Regional Control Patterns. In the Province, land-based communication is much easier to do, while communication is far more difficult to do in the island province, (d), the difficulty of the local government in empowering small islands in the island province especially those in the border region, (e), still Isolation of the archipelago community that has not been touched by development. In this paper the author uses a normative juridical approach with legal issues in this paper is the formation of law and special treatment of the island province in the system of regional government. Special arrangements and treatment of the Islands Province, because in Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Governments has not specifically regulated the island Province.

On the Need for Economic Assessment of Natural Capital (A Case Study of Tomsk Oblast)

This article presents the rationale for the need to take into account and assess natural capital as an important factor for viable managerial decision-making concerning the study, use and reproduction of natural resources in the interests of sustainable development. The activity of authorities in Tomsk oblast was used as an example in examining the issues related to integration of accounting and assessing natural capital and ecosystem services in the system of managerial decision-making. We used strategic and normative documents of Tomsk oblast, departmental information and material from previous research into assessments of natural capital. A rationale is given for the need to improve the institutional conditions for proper inventory and assessment of all functions of natural capital and ecosystems in managerial decision-making, namely the development of the monitoring system for economic value in the sphere of environmental management which is based on the system of ecological-economic accounting and constitutes a set of coherent statistical indicators reflecting the status of natural capital. The mechanism is suggested for generation of the information-methodological base of economic assessment of natural capital. It is determined that a qualitatively new information basis integrated into the system of regional management. Qualitatively new information basis integrated into the regional government system will make it possible not to simply obtain information on the flows of expenditures and benefits in the sphere of environmental management but also to ensure interaction between state and municipal authorities and with organizations and the population. The monitoring system for economic value of natural capital and ecosystem services integrated into the region’s executive bodies will permit adaptive governance of environmental management of the region in the face of changes and uncertainty.