Regional Energy Security Research Articles

Assessing dynamic China’s energy security: Based on functional data analysis

In this paper, the entropy weight method is applied to quantitatively measure the energy security levels of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2017. Then, functional data analysis is used to investigate the changes in energy security from a dynamic perspective. Results show that the energy security level of Inner Mongolia (0.7080), Shanxi (0.6713), and Shaanxi (0.5878) ranked in the top three in 2017. From 2004 to 2017, China’s energy security experienced five stages: Increasing—decreasing—increasing—decreasing—increasing. Until now, energy security is in the recovery period. According to the similarity of the energy security function curve, the 30 provinces can be divided into three categories: Leading area, Medium area, and Backward area. These findings have great significance in ensuring regional energy security.

THE STRATEGIES OF WEST JAVA’S REGIONAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT TO SUPPORT NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

The focus of this research is to analyze energy potential in West Java Province, and its management. The purpose of this study is to first analyze the energy potential of his particular region in West Java Province; the second one is to analyzes the indicators that affect regional energy security in West Java. This study uses a qualitative method. Data obtained from observations, interviews and literature studies. The results show that West Java has strong potential in contributing to making Indonesia the largest geothermal user in the world. Utilization of geothermal energy for electricity generation in fields that are already in production, can already be said to be optimal. However, there are still several other geothermal resource locations that can still be developed and utilized. Other new renewable energy potentials are the Mini and Micro Hydro potential of 647 MW and a new exploitation of 18.3 MW, Solar Energy with a potential of 9,099 MW but which has only been used up to 0.3 MW, and Bioenergy from the potential of 2,551 MW has only been utilized at 109, 3 MW and several other new renewable energy potentials which are still in the development stage such as Wind Energy and Sea Energy. West Java Provincial energy security indicators are still based on Availability, Affordability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Sustainability) coupled with: elasticity between economic and electricity growth, energy diversification, and energy conservation.Keywords: Energy Management, Energy Security, Potential EnergyJEL Classifications: H56, O13, P48DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10259

CAREC energy corridor: Opportunities, challenges, and IMPACT of regional energy trade integration on carbon emissions and energy access

The research paper examines Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) integrated energy market potentials, challenges, and opportunities for 1) harnessing untapped renewable energy potential; 2) promoting the cross-border trade to cater the rising regional demand mismatch of electricity; 3) improving energy security; and 4) reducing the carbon footprint of the region. The research demonstrates that the CAREC Energy Corridor (CEC) will optimize regional trade cooperation by building cross-border energy trade infrastructure, systems, and governance mechanisms by employing a Regional Public Goods (RPG) framework. The research finds that a one percent increase in energy imports within the region is associated with the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 0.245 kg per $ of GDP; the increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per unit of energy use by 0.233 per kg of oil equivalent; and the growth in electricity production from renewable sources by 0.414 kW hour, thus improving regional electricity affordability, access, and energy security. The cost benefit analysis reveals that traditional (fossil fuel or hydro) power generation and transmission costs must either beat or match the price competition and transmission flexibility options offered by renewables to sustain competitiveness of the regional electricity market.

An integrated methodology for the supply reliability analysis of multi-product pipeline systems under pumps failure

As the main way for the long-distance transportation of refined products, multi-products pipelines are of vital importance to the regional energy security. The supply reliability evaluation of multi-product pipeline systems can improve the effective response to unexpected disruptions and guarantee the reliable oil supply. Based on reliability theory and pipeline scheduling method, an integrated supply reliability evaluation methodology for multi-product pipeline systems is proposed in this paper and the pumps failure, of which influence is the most complex, is focused on. In the methodology, the discrete-time Markov process is adopted to describe the stochastic failure and the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the system states transition. With the pipeline flowrate upper limits under various pumps failure scenarios optimized in advance, the maximum supply capacity to the downstream markets in each trial is calculated by the pipeline scheduling model. Three indicators are also developed to analyze the pipeline supply reliability from the holistic and individual perspectives. At last, the methodology application is performed on a real-world multi-product pipeline system in China and the supply reliability is analyzed in detail according to the simulation results. It is proved to provide a practical method for the emergency response decision-making and loss prevention.

Removed: Hydrocarbon reserves of the South China Sea: Implications for regional energy security

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal ). This article has been removed at the request of all the Authors, the Editor-in-Chief and the owner of the journal. The article has been removed because it inadvertently included unlawful content.

PENGARUH PROYEK TRANS ASEAN GAS PIPELINES (TAGP) TERHADAP ARAH KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA DI BIDANG KERJASAMA ENERGI TAHUN 2002-2015

ABSTRACT ASEAN has announced plans to construct a natural gas pipeline network through the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline Infrastructure Project, or TAGP. Furthermore, the advocates of TAGP expect it to promote economic development, earn foreign exchange, mitigate the risks of climate change, and enhance regional energy security. Energy Security is also a system, composed of national policies and international institution, therefore it requires policies and a business climate that promote investment and development and innovation to ensure that adequate supplies and infrastructure will be available, in a timely way, and in the future. Afterwards, Indonesia as a led country in ASEAN which has a natural gas energy resources that are relatively large then considering the direction of Indonesia’s foreign policy to cooperate on the global system through cooperativeenergy governance framework. The direction of Indonesia’s foreign policy has basic optimistic to promote economic growth and embrace the ASEAN region to be more integrated. Keywords: ASEAN, TAGP, Energy Security, Indonesia’s Foreign Policy, Inter-regional Cooperation, Cooperative Energy Governance

Analysis of the prospects of adopting the digital technology across sectors of the economy and its impact on the demand for energy carriers

Projections of the demand for fuel and energy resources are an essential and fundamental part of the research that underpins the process of developing and making strategic-level decisions as applied to the national and regional energy and economic security. Identification, analysis, and study of the impact of factors and interrelationships in the energy and economy on the volume and structure of the demand for energy carriers is an integral part of the methodology for long-term projections of energy consumption. The use of the digital technology related to monitoring, acquisition, processing of large amounts of data across all sectors of the economy and everyday life of the population as of now already consumes more than 5% of electricity in the world and its further growth is expected. The study analyzes the possibilities of application of individual digital technologies in various sectors of the economy. Some estimates of their impact on demand for different types of fuel and energy resources are given. We note a great deal of uncertainty in the existing estimates of future energy consumption due to the government policy in this area, changes in the lifestyle patterns of the population, and the speed of development and adoption of technology innovations.

The System of Energy Security in the Russian Northern Regions

The objectives of article are to study the foundations and conceptual approaches to ensuring energy security, to disclose the essence, principles of energy policy in the field of ensuring energy security as an integral part of the economic security of the state (region), to analyze the existing methods for evaluating energy security, and to offer a conceptual approach to the formation of a system for ensuring the region’s energy security with regard to the specificity of energy functioning in the Far North of Russia. Based on the study of theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to ensuring regional energy security are proposed: the development and adoption of a concept for ensuring energy security in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); the author's definition of the concept of the ‘region’s energy security’; an improved conceptual approach to the development of a system for ensuring the region’s energy security; a structural scheme for the organization and effective management of the energy security system in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Regional energy security performance evaluation in China using MTGS and SPA-TOPSIS

As the world's largest energy production and demand country, China's energy security is a hot issue concerned by the whole society. Most existing research focused on China's energy security performance from the point of view of the country. But, as a huge geographical country, provinces energy security performance varies hugely in different regions. So, this paper aims at evaluating Chinese provinces energy security, analyzing reasons and providing policy implications. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation criteria system, including four dimensions: energy supply, energy using, energy economy and energy environment, is proposed. The criteria consist of 14 indicators. Secondly, Mahalanobis-Taguchi Gram-Schmidt is presented to obtain criteria weights, which not only considers subjective and objective information, but also eliminates the overlap information in criteria. Thirdly, considering that TOPSIS method ignores the correlation between the two distances (alternatives to ideal and to negative ideal), an improved TOPSIS model with set pair analysis is proposed to assess the China's regional energy security performance from 2013 to 2017. From the results, 30 provinces' energy security performance improves in general, but there is still a huge gap among different regions. The north reaches of yellow river and northwest regions are the most energy-secure, while the northeast and central regions are least energy-secure. SHAANXI, INNERMONGOLIA and SHANXI are always top three in the ranking, while the energy security performance of NINGXIA is the lowest.

Russian Federation–East Asia Liquefied Natural Gas Trade Patterns and Regional Energy Security

East Asia has remained the biggest market for liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2018. The Russian Federation has a clear vision to develop its East Asia LNG projects to provide a bigger share of Asian LNG imports. We model Russian Federation–East Asia LNG trade patterns via the gravity trade theory, which is shown to fit well with energy trade patterns. Our findings reveal that a 1% increase in population growth in the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea increases Russian Federation LNG exports by nearly 3.43%, and economic growth by 6.16%, while any increase in geographic distance decelerates LNG exports to the selected East Asian economies by nearly 7.3%. This means that the close proximity of the Russian Federation to East Asia is an advantage for its LNG exports. Furthermore, the West’s sanctions against the Russian Federation are a positive influencing factor on the latter’s LNG export volume to East Asia. We recommend some policies such as construction of a gas trading hub in Asia, increasing regional pricing power, and energy import diversification and shorter distances between the Russian Federation (exporter) and East Asia (importer) to improve energy security in this region.

The PKK in Regional Energy Security

The PKK in Regional Energy Security

Benefit-Cost Analysis in Infrastructure Development of Coal Railway Transportation in East Kalimantan Province

Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) is an analysis of the calculation of benefits and cost of development plans that are used to make public decisions that will impact on the welfare of society. East Kalimantan provincial government is building railway infrastructure in cooperation with PT. Railway Borneo (PT KAB) representative for Indonesia from Russian Railways (RZhD) to transport coal. This study analyzed the benefits and costs derived from the construction of the railway was based on economical factors. Is expected to enhance regional energy security. And cost benefit analysis used to evaluate the use of economic resources so that scarce resources can be used efficiently, because the government has many programs or projects to be implemented while the costs are very limited. Benefits to the railway infrastructure development projects for the coal sector in the province of East Kalimantan, among others, have environmentally friendly energy infrastructure in the context of national development in accordance with RPJMN. Increase national income for central and local governments due to the stimulation of high import. Increased foreign or local investors to be able to invest in Indonesia. Coal transportation cost savings, time savings and ease of delivery of coal, and create new jobs that can impact on people's welfare. Costs arising from the construction of the railway to the coal sector by, among others, the cost of investment incurred for the construction consisting of maintenance costs, costs of operations and so forth, open land, government regulations overlap, the surrounding environment. and maintenance costs and provide guidance on the surrounding community.

Regional stability through energy cooperation: The case of the EU and Ukraine

Despite the progress Ukraine has made in the energy sector since the 2014 revolution, there are still many internal and external challenges that have to be overcome. Recently the government has adopted a new energy strategy, which aims to establish a comprehensive approach to developing the energy sector, both to meet the EU’s standards and to cope with existing challenges. However, development strategies in Ukraine usually face problems at the implementation stage due to political and economic obstacles. This article argues that regional cooperation in the energy sphere, which would lead to successful reforms and the implementation of Ukraine’s new energy strategy, would not favour just one party, but the region in general, especially in terms of standing up to the common geopolitical threat from Russia. Collaboration between the EU and Ukraine will bring better interdependence and will contribute to strengthening regional energy security.

One Belt One Road Initiative of China: Implication for Future of Global Development

One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative is a historical initiative which connects the people over the world and facilitates various opportunities for global peace. The main purpose of this study is to explore implication of One Belt One Road initiative for global future development. It also analyzes the reasons of origin, strategy, opportunities and challenges of OBOR initiatives on the basis of business, economic, political, social and environmental aspects. This study uses qualitative approach and secondary data particularly journal articles, conference proceedings, various documents of government, books, newspaper articles, magazine articles, and various websites of internet have been extensively used to determine the objectives. This article argues that partner countries and agencies will get economic and political benefits from these initiatives. It facilitates to connect people through road ways, air ways and water ways, coordinating policies of various governments, financial integration through cross border business, productivity and regional energy security. This study also analyzes risks and challenges associated to OBOR initiative implementation. It suggests that strong coordination among partners of OBOR is necessary to get full fruits of OBOR through supportive law, policy, rules and regulations, proper strategy implementation, transparent procurement system, sincere consideration on political, financial, environmental and social factors.

Innovation Ecosystem of CNG Vehicles: A Case Study of Its Cultivation and Characteristics in Sichuan, China

Under the constraints of resources and environment, China is eager to cultivate a new industrial system with ecological characteristics in light of local circumstances. This paper selects the innovation ecosystem of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles in Sichuan, China as the objective of the case study to explore its cultivation and characteristics. The theoretical significance lies in three areas. Firstly, the cultivation path of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is manifested. Secondly, the symbiotic process model among the communities within the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is found. Thirdly, the substitutive process model of the CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem is discovered, which reveals the substitutability among innovation ecosystems, the communities of similar products, and the enterprises of similar products. This paper is of theoretical, practical, and political significance for the development of a CNG vehicle innovation ecosystem in emerging markets in terms of regional energy security and emission reduction.

Climate and water resource change impacts and adaptation potential for US power supply

Water-cooled power plants will be affected by changes in water availability and temperature. A system approach examines US thermoelectric power generation and finds whilst individual plants may face constraints, overall the current system can adapt. Power plants that require cooling currently (2015) provide 85% of electricity generation in the United States1,2. These facilities need large volumes of water and sufficiently cool temperatures for optimal operations, and projected climate conditions may lower their potential power output and affect reliability3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. We evaluate the performance of 1,080 thermoelectric plants across the contiguous US under future climates (2035–2064) and their collective performance at 19 North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) sub-regions12. Joint consideration of engineering interactions with climate, hydrology and environmental regulations reveals the region-specific performance of energy systems and the need for regional energy security and climate–water adaptation strategies. Despite climate–water constraints on individual plants, the current power supply infrastructure shows potential for adaptation to future climates by capitalizing on the size of regional power systems, grid configuration and improvements in thermal efficiencies. Without placing climate–water impacts on individual plants in a broader power systems context, vulnerability assessments that aim to support adaptation and resilience strategies misgauge the extent to which regional energy systems are vulnerable. Climate–water impacts can lower thermoelectric reserve margins, a measure of systems-level reliability, highlighting the need to integrate climate–water constraints on thermoelectric power supply into energy planning, risk assessments, and system reliability management.

The Role of Large and Small Scale Hydropower for Energy and Water Security in the Spanish Duero Basin

Hydropower has been increasingly seen as a two-fold solution to the provision of renewable energy and water storage. However, the massive deployment of both large and small scale hydropower projects has been reported to cause important environmental impacts at the basin scale. This study assesses the differential contributions to regional energy and water security of large (LHP) and small (SHP) scale hydropower deployment in the Spanish Duero basin, as well as associated cumulative environmental impacts. This is performed through a selection of indicators measured in absolute and relative terms. The results suggest that LHP deployment contributes more to energy and water security, performing better in 10 of the 12 indicators. It also shows higher absolute environmental impacts on flow regime and habitat loss. Meanwhile, when analyzed in relative terms, SHP shows greater impacts in all categories as a result of cumulative effects cascading along the rivers system. These findings suggest that optimizing the use of existing hydropower infrastructure would be beneficial for energy, water and environmental security. This could be implemented by substantially reducing the number of low capacity plants with almost no impact on final energy generation, while enhancing the pumping and storage potential of higher capacity plants.

The Model of Gas Supply Capacity Simulation In Regional Energy Security Framework: Policy Studies PT. X Cirebon Area

The needs of energy are increasing every year. The unavailability of energy will cause economic losses and weaken energy security. To overcome the availability of gas supply in the future, planning are cruacially needed. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the system, so that the process of gas distribution is running properly. In this research, system dynamic method will be used to measure how much supply capacity planning is needed until 2050, with parameters of demand in industrial, household and commercial sectors. From the model obtained PT.X Cirebon area in 2031 was not able to meet the needs of gas customers in the Cirebon region, as well as with Businnes as usual scenario, the ratio of gas fulfillment only until 2027. The implementation of the national energy policy that is the use of NRE as government intervention in the model is produced up to 2035 PT.X Cirebon area is still able to supply the gas needs of its customers.

Impacts of urban transformation on water footprint and sustainable energy in Shanghai, China

Abstract For the past three decades, the notion of sustainable cities has become central in planning and managing urban areas in the world and the large-scale city formation has been formed in big cities. As a result of economic growth and urban transformation, Shanghai, a major Chinese international metropolis, faces ongoing issues with resource waste and low energy utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to consider the availability of water for energy production from a consumption-based perspective and estimate the water footprint of the energy supply using a regional input-output analysis approach for Shanghai. As a result, we conclude that the water footprint of the energy supply of Shanghai is about 1.28 billion m 3 in 2007, with 46.1% of water used for electricity and heat supply. The total water withdrawal by the energy sector is about 2.35 billion m 3 and additional water withdrawal needed is about 35% of the total water withdrawals by the energy sector in Shanghai. Furthermore, an energy self-sufficiency scenario was developed, and the scenario analysis reveals that 55% more water would be required to ensure a self-sufficient energy sector. To guarantee future regional energy security, it is important to manage water resources effectively by allocating water resources among sectors.

Future changes in peak river flows across northern Eurasia as inferred from an ensemble of regional climate projections under the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario

Climate change simulation based on 30-member ensemble of Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory RCM (resolution 25 km) for northern Eurasia is used to drive hydrological model CaMa-Flood. Using this modeling framework, we evaluate the uncertainties in the future projection of the peak river discharge and flood hazard by 2050–2059 relative to 1990–1999 under IPCC RCP8.5 scenario. Large ensemble size, along with reasonably high modeling resolution, allows one to efficiently sample natural climate variability and increase our ability to predict future changes in the hydrological extremes. It has been shown that the annual maximum river discharge can almost double by the mid-XXI century in the outlets of major Siberian rivers. In the western regions, there is a weak signal in the river discharge and flood hazard, hardly discernible above climate variability. Annual maximum flood area is projected to increase across Siberia mostly by 2–5% relative to the baseline period. A contribution of natural climate variability at different temporal scales to the uncertainty of ensemble prediction is discussed. The analysis shows that there expected considerable changes in the extreme river discharge probability at locations of the key hydropower facilities. This suggests that the extensive impact studies are required to develop recommendations for maintaining regional energy security.