Regional Ecological System Research Articles

Driving Forces on the Distribution of Urban Ecosystem’s Non-Point Pollution Reduction Service

In the context of increasing urbanization and worsening environmental pollution, nonpoint source pollution during high-frequency rainfall has become a major ecological problem that endangers residents in cities. This study takes Shenzhen as an example. On the basis of a large number of soil sample test data, and combined with relevant environmental variables, it has drawn the high-resolution, high-precision spatial distribution maps of soil attributes within the city. In addition, this paper combines the revised universal soil loss equation and the GeoDetector model to evaluate the supply capacity of nonpoint source reduction services in the city’s ecological space and the main driving factors of spatial distribution characteristics for different types of land. The study found that increasing soil point density and combining environmental variables can help improve the accuracy of spatial mapping for soil attributes. The ME, MSE, ASE, RMSE, and RMSSE of spatial mapping all meet the accuracy evaluation criteria and are better than many existing studies; the spatial distribution characteristics of soil attributes and nonpoint source reduction services show significant differences among the whole city, secondary administrative regions, and different types of land; the GeoDetector results show that among the three main types of land use (forested land, industrial land, and street town residential land), topographic factors, habitat-quality factors, and ecosystem types have the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation characteristics of nonpoint source reduction services. Among climate factors, only precipitation factors have the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation characteristics of services. Facing the above factors, the q-values calculated by the GeoDetector are all higher than 10%. The results of this study can provide information for making better decisions on regional ecological system management and soil protection and on restoration work aimed at improving nonpoint source reduction services.

Assessment of Restoration Technology in Typical Ecological Degradation Regions

In the face of increasingly severe ecological degradation in the typical fragile ecological regions around the world, many different ecological technologies (ET) have been developed. However, there is still a lack of any comprehensive analysis of these technologies and the effects of their implementation on regional ecological systems, and this largely limits the promotion of the excellent technologies and their applications. Based on the Web of Science core online database and specific literature screening criteria, 3409 papers were selected to summarize and analyze the development trends, research hotspots and regional comparisons of ecological technology effect research. Furthermore, 19 publications from 14 regions were selected to compare and analyze the effects of eight commonly applied ET: shelterbelt, artificial afforestation, water-saving irrigation, terrace, stereo-agriculture, contour tillage, ban/rest/rotational grazing and fallow/no tillage/minimum tillage. The results show four key features: (1) The research on the effect of ecological technology is still in the period of continuous development. (2) “Erosion” is the largest node in the keyword co-occurrence map of ecological technologies effect research, followed by “management”. (3) Most countries pay attention to the studies of “erosion” and “runoff”, although there are differences in research on the effects of ecological technologies in different countries. (4) The same technology could be applied to different regions but the effects varied, and the ecological technologies that have been implemented have generally achieved good restoration effects; however, the improper use of ecological technologies may bring negative consequences. This study provides important support for ecosystem restoration and improvement in the ecologically degraded areas in China and around the world, and it provides a reference for the export and introduction of excellent technologies.

The characteristics and influencing factors of change in farmland system vulnerability: A case study of Sanmenxia City, China

The farmland social-ecological system is an integral part of a regional ecological system, and uses its unique perspective to trace the evolution of vulnerability of the whole ecosystem. Based on the theory of ecosystem vulnerability, the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) assessment framework and index system of farmland system vulnerability were constructed by using multi-factor comprehensive analysis, ArcGIS spatial analysis and a factor contribution model. We evaluate the dynamic changes and influencing factors of farmland system vulnerability in Sanmenxia City, aiming to demonstrate the ways in which this vulnerability changes. The results showed a downward trend in the vulnerability of the farmland system in the city over a period of 17 years, from 0.60 in 2000 to 0.36 in 2016. From a spatial perspective, the distribution of vulnerability is uneven in each district and county. The pattern of vulnerability changed from “high in the Middle East-low in the southwest” in 2000 to “high in the Middle East-low in the southeast” in 2016. Population growth, high-speed urbanization, intensity of farmland use, factor input intensity and other human social and economic activities, together with the implementation of regional agricultural policies, have reduced the natural risk impact on the farmland social-ecological system. This is highly significant in revealing the overall evolution process and regional ecosystem mechanisms and informs the discussion on farmland social-ecosystem vulnerability in these representative areas.

Ecosystem service trade-offs and identification of eco-optimal regions in urban agglomerations in arid regions of China

Ecosystems play an essential role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, and promoting functional biodiversity in arid urban agglomerations. Accurately assessing the characteristics of ecosystem services and identifying eco-optimal regions in urban agglomerations in arid regions are important for ecological security and the sustainable development of regional ecological systems. In this study, the ecosystem service functions of Urban Agglomeration on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains (UANSTM) were evaluated using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model based on the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform coupled with multi-source data. Moreover, the eco-optimal regions were identified by the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA). The findings demonstrate that the development and ecological construction of the UANSTM lead to the conversion of a large amount of unused land to grassland, cultivated land, and construction land. Analyzing the relationship between ecosystem services and land types shows that the high value ecosystem services are mainly distributed in forest land and grassland. In terms of changes in ecosystem services, the net primary productivity (NPP) and habitat quality (HQ) values increased, while the value of soil retention (SR) and water yield (WY) decreased. The relationship between ecosystem services is mainly pairwise synergy, except for HQ-WY and NPP-WY. Regarding spatial distribution, the trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services demonstrated different geospatial heterogeneity. The OWA model was employed to establish different risk values and weights to simulate different risk scenarios. The area of coverage of risk scenario 5, with the highest trade-off values, was selected as the eco-optimal region. The eco-optimal regions were mainly located in the urban agglomeration's central and southwestern high-altitude areas, where a safety barrier was established for the ecological region. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the ecological construction, land planning, and management of urban agglomerations in arid regions.

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Tourism Ecological Security in Huanggang Dabieshan UNESCO Global Geopark.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Global Geoparks (UGGp) and geotourism activities not only improve people’s scientific quality by popularizing geoscience knowledge, but also play important roles in protecting precious geoheritages and promoting the development of regional economies. However, tourism activities also have a negative impact on the local ecological environment, placing the regional ecological system under great pressure. Therefore, this paper constructed a tourism ecological security evaluation indicator system suitable for geoparks by using the “Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response” (DPSIR) model. The spatial autocorrelation and obstacle degree model are used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of the tourism ecological security index (TESI) of Huanggang Dabieshan UGGp in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018, respectively. The results indicate that the TESI of the study area has gradually improved from 2000 to 2018. Spatially, the level of TESI presents a gradient distribution from the townships where the main scenic spots are located to the surrounding townships. The main obstacle factors affecting TESI include: per capita tourism income, proportion of comprehensive tourism revenue in GDP, per capita net income of rural residents, proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, coverage of nature reserves, planning integrity of geopark, informatization of geopark, growth rate of tourists, comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste, etc. The influencing factors of TESI varied from time to time. Balancing the conflict between local tourism activities and environmental protection, encouraging the participation of local communities, and strengthening science popularization for the local public will effectively improve the tourism ecological security of geoparks.

On methodology of comprehensive assessment of ecological state of Ufa city

In Russia, all the regions are initially considered economically and socially complex systems that develop along the path of a huge set of conditions and processes arising in the internal and external environment. In my opinion, these types of processes should include limitations and resource opportunities, various changes in society, areas of development of the institutional area of the formation of environmental factors, processes and phenomena in the production of non-material, as well as, most importantly, of a material nature. It should be noted that the main and most important basis of the material base studied by me is the economic structure of the regional ecological system of the region, which to a greater extent characterizes stability and its ability to dynamically develop, improve the region as a whole, and its individual territories in particular, through the identification of the input flow and the values and results obtained at the output. It is important to focus attention on the fact that all economic and ecological systems in the process of their development at various stages of evolution are predominantly of the inertial type, which indicates the lack of development of a scientifically based system characterizing these states. In this regard, there are many global issues, both from a scientific point of view and from a practice-oriented direction. Thus, the author in this article examines the issues of methodological analysis and critical criteria explanation of the methodology of comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the city of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan in its close relationship with economic systems and structures.

REFORMATION OF CUSTOMS SERVICE OF UKRAINE TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The objective of the article is a systemic analysis of the approaches to reformation of the customs sphere, determination of the role of customs service in the process of ensuring a sustainable development under the present-day conditions. Eurointegration strategy of Ukraine necessitates the need for reformation of the national customs system in order to conform to the standards of the World Customs Organization and the perspective adaptation to the European requirements, elaboration of the development strategy with the purpose of integration with the developed countries of the world, harmonization of economic trade and ecological processes. Methodology. In the course of this analysis the customs service was considered as a complex open system with application in the research of the methodology of systemic analysis, which allowed to put emphasis on separate aspects of the specific character of its functioning. Results. In any country, customs service is an integral part of the system of state administration of the foreign economic activity, one of the important state institutes of social and economic processes administration. It ensures the balance of interests of all participants of international trade enshrined in the current conventions and agreements on the level of the international law. Modernization of the national customs system under the conditions of the European integration processes has to become an important mechanism of social and economic development and international collaboration of Ukraine. Under the present-day conditions customs service plays an important role in the achievement of goals established by the UN in the sphere of sustainable development till 2030. Some of these goals are directly connected with the strategic mission of the customs service and that is why it is important to ensure appropriate conditions for functioning of the customs service for the successful accomplishment of the tasks of sustainable development in the social, economic and ecological spheres. The key priorities of activities of the national customs system must ensure accomplishment of the main tasks of the customs authorities in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development formulated by the World Customs Organization: formation of the favorable, safe, just and sustainable business environment for economic growth, ensuring social justice, facilitation of improving stability of the global, national and regional ecological systems and combating the climate changes. Practical implications. The performed analysis of particularities of the customs system functioning and its objectives allows to determine the role of the customs service in the achievement of the Goals of sustainable development till 2030, to highlight the key priorities in resolving the environmental problems, to form the potential of sustainable development. For Ukraine these are modernization of national society and minimization of consequences of existence of the corruption schemes. Value/originality. The use of the systemic analysis allows to detect the main problems in functioning of the customs service taking into consideration the specific character of its functioning under the present-day conditions.

Plant assemblages in atmospheric deposition

Abstract. Plants disperse spores, pollen, and fragments into the atmosphere. The emitted plant particles return to the pedosphere by sedimentation (dry deposition) and/or by precipitation (wet deposition) and constitute part of the global cycle of substances. However, little is known regarding the taxonomic diversities and flux densities of plant particles deposited from the atmosphere. Here, plant assemblages were examined in atmospheric deposits collected in Seoul in South Korea. A custom-made automatic sampler was used to collect dry and wet deposition samples for which plant assemblages and quantities were determined using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal plant-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Dry deposition was dominant for atmospheric deposition of plant particles (87 %). The remaining 13 % was deposited by precipitation, i.e., wet deposition, via rainout (in-cloud scavenging) and/or washout (below-cloud scavenging). Plant assemblage structures did not differ significantly between dry and wet deposition, indicating a possibility that washout, which is possibly taxon-independent, predominated rainout, which is possibly taxon-dependent, for wet deposition of atmospheric plant particles. A small number of plant genera were detected only in wet deposition, indicating that they might be specifically involved in precipitation through acting as nucleation sites in the atmosphere. Future interannual monitoring will control for the seasonality of atmospheric plant assemblages observed at our sampling site. Future global monitoring is also proposed to investigate geographical differences and investigate whether endemic species are involved in plant-mediated bioprecipitation in regional ecological systems.

Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration in a Semiarid Region Based on GRACE Gravity Satellite Data—A Case Study in Loess Plateau

Jointly influenced by natural factors and artificial protection measures in recent years, the vegetation coverage of the Loess Plateau has significantly increased. However, extensive vegetation recovery can result in massive water consumption and a severe soil water deficit, which poses a great threat to the sustainable development of the regional ecological system. Maintaining the balance between precipitation and water consumption is an important foundation of ecological security in the Loess Plateau. Based on this, the present study used the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) gravity satellite data to simulate the annual actual water consumption from 2003 to 2014 and to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the regional precipitation and the actual evapotranspiration (AET). This study also applied the newly developed rainwater utilization potential index (IRUP) to quantify the sustainability of the water balance in the Loess Plateau. The spatial-temporal patterns of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and AET from 2003 to 2014 in the Loess Plateau were all analyzed in this study. Based on the results, the annual average precipitation (AAP) and AET in the entire Loess Plateau had significant increasing trends. The analysis of the spatial distribution reveals that the AET was decreasing from the southeast to the northwest in the Loess Plateau. However, the average values of potential evapotranspiration did not obviously change. Based on the estimated AET result, it was determined that the average IRUP had an increasing trend. The increase in the IRUP is due to an increased rate of precipitation that is statistically higher than that of the AET. Consequently, the Loess Plateau experienced a wetting trend during the period of 2003–2014, especially after the Grain for Green project was implemented. The results in this paper were proven by using three different depths of ERA-Interim (a global atmospheric reanalysis product created by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) soil water content data from the same period and the observed runoff data from 18 different hydrological sites. Consequently, it seems that the vegetation could maintain a sustainable growth with the implementation of the Grain for Green Project.

ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF AGRO-RECREATIONAL LAND USE

The article discusses the land-use problem of mountain and semi-desert landscapes of Dagestan caused by the need to improve the ecologization of traditional pastures as well as perspective tourism and recreational land use. Aim. A comprehensive geographic study of land use in the republic is crucial for the formation of ecologically sustainable distillation and nomad livestock and tourist-recreational land use on the natural, zonal and high-belt mountain-semi-desert landscapes that are not fully developed and are not suitable for farming. Discussion. Ecological and economic effects are revealed due to the combined use of semi-desert-mountain pastures and tourist-recreational areas represented by the population carryng capacity, the ecologization of pasture land use and a significant increase in the total livestock production. Improved combined interzonal use of lands with different natural rhythms of vegetation development contributes, first of all, to maintaining the equilibrium and integrity of the regional ecological system; secondly, to the ecological orientation of pasture-livestock and tourist-recreational land use; and thirdly, to the restoration and the functioning of the quality of natural semi-desert and mountain pasture lands. Conclusion. Ecological and landscape improvement within mountain pasture land use is proposed on the basis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the annual cycle of high-altitude sheep keeping with the regular change of pasture lands of different productivity levels by different sex and age groups of pastured livestock.

Is afforestation-induced land use change the main contributor to vegetation dynamics in the semiarid region of North China?

Quantitatively analyzing the response of vegetation dynamics to land use change is very important, especially it relates to gaining a better understanding of the effects of ecological restoration projects. Previous studies have focused on the effects of land use change caused by the Grain for Green Project (GGP) on vegetation dynamics, but the effects from other changes in land use have less been explored. Therefore, in order to bridge this gap, Landsat images and MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were used to examine how land use had changed from 2000 to 2014 as well as to study its influence on vegetation growth in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia, China. For this, four major land use change processes were identified through land use trajectories analysis: the Grain for Green Program (GGP), agricultural intensification, cropland abandonment, and cropland degradation. The GGP caused 36.60% of the total land use change in our study area, while three other processes caused the remaining of 44.40%. Anthropogenic activities significantly influenced vegetation coverage in 10.47% of the research area based on residual trend analysis. Pixels analysis showed 8.72% of the research area experienced a significant increase in vegetation coverage, where 39.53% of this increase was caused by afforestation while 33.25% was attributable to agricultural intensification. However, vegetation degradation was observed in 1.75% of the research area, of which 12.91% was caused by afforestation, an amount that was lower than that caused by the combined effects of the other three practices. Overall, afforestation can effectively increase vegetation coverage, but the overall effects can be undermined by other unstainable land use. However, although agricultural intensification contributed greatly to an increase in vegetation coverage, it also caused severe land degradation. This study demonstrates that ecological restoration projects and regional ecological systems are facing increasing pressure in Ulanqab City caused by an increase in human activity. Managing and maintaining restoration projects sustainably and appropriately in fragile areas will help land managers to achieve better results during vegetation restoration as well as to contribute to sustainable development.

基于MODIS与Landsat 8的艾比湖湿地旱情时空变化及其影响因素分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于MODIS与Landsat 8的艾比湖湿地旱情时空变化及其影响因素分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201705060837 作者: 作者单位: 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院;新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室;新疆智慧城市与环境建模普通高校重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（41130531）；2016新疆研究生科研创新项目（XJGRI2016013）；国家自然科学基金地区项目（41561089） Analysis of spatiotemporal changes in the drying of the Ebinur Lake Basin and its influencing factors based on MODIS and Landsat 8 satellites Author: Affiliation: Xinjiang University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:对干旱区艾比湖湿地旱情进行多源遥感监测，分析干旱对艾比湖湿地的生态安全与农业生产的影响，为水资源合理配置与干旱预警提供依据。选用2013年5月到2016年5月的MODIS温度和植被指数产品数据反演TVDI指数，并构建二维特征空间，分析土壤水分的时空分布特征，结果表明：TVDI可以有效地反演土壤水分，且精度较高；通过分析，艾比湖湿地土壤水分格局呈现由"极湿润-湿润-正常"面积减少，"干旱-极干旱"面积增加的趋势；在此基础上分析了影响艾比湖干旱变化的影响因素，近年来随着温度升高，风速与蒸发量增加，降水量减少，使艾比湖湿地旱情急剧恶化。利用多源遥感能很好的实现大面积、长时间、高精度的旱情监测，在四年间艾比湖湿地的旱情有所加剧，湖水面积与冰川萎缩变化较为严重，可见艾比湖湿地旱情情况较为不乐观，需加强水资源管理，开展艾比湖旱情监测对于干旱区湖泊生态有重要的理论与实际意义。 Abstract:By using multisource remote sensing data, the drought data of Ebinur Lake wetland in an arid region was extracted and the impacts of drought on the ecological environment and agriculture were analyzed, providing the basis for reasonable management of water resources and the drought warning system. MODIS vegetation and temperature products and Landsat 8 data were used to extract the NDVI and LST in order to inverse temperature and vegetation dryness index (TVDI), and at the same time construct 2-Dimension feature space and analyze the spatiotemporal change of soil moisture. The results showed that the TVDI model has higher precision to effectively inverse regional soil moisture; from 2013 to 2016 in a 4-year span, the Ebinur Lake soil moisture has shown that the wet, normal, and light drought area is decreasing, while the drought and heavy drought area is increasing. In addition, the team analyzed the driving forces in some respects. In recent years, the increase in temperature, population, wind speed, and precipitation showed downward trends, and drought has reduced sharply. It is better to use multisource remote sensing data to efficiently accomplish drought monitoring in a wide area for a long time. The drought in Ebinur Lake wetland intensified during the four years, and the lake water and glacier area are shrinking at a faster rate. The Ebinur Lake regional soil moisture distribution is not improving. In order to protect the regional ecological system, effective local water resources management should be enhanced. In conclusion, carrying out research on the spatial and temporal dynamic changes and the driving forces for drying of Ebinur Lake has important theoretical and practical significances for this arid zone. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Constructing ecological security patterns in mountain areas based on geological disaster sensitivity: A case study in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China.

As one of the key topics in the research of landscape ecology, regional ecological security patterns can effectively promote regional sustainable development and terrestrial ecological barriers construction. It is extremely important for middle Yunnan, with frequent disasters and fragile ecolo-gical environment, to construct ecological security patterns so as to effectively avoid the geological disasters, maintain ecosystem health, and promote the coordinated development of regional ecological system and social economic system. Taking Yuxi City as a case study area, this study firstly estimated the ecosystem services importance of water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, and biodiversity according to the basal characteristics of regional ecological environment, and then identified ecological sources in consideration of the quality of integrated ecosystem services and single types. Secondly, the resistance surface based on land use types was modified by the sensitivity of regional geological disasters. Lastly, the ecological corridors were identified using minimum cumulative resistance model, and as a result, the ecological security pattern of Yuxi City was constructed. The results showed that there were 81 patches for ecological sources in Yuxi City, accounting for 38.4% of the total area, and overlaying 75.2% of nature protection areas. The ecological sources were mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas as well as eastern water areas of the city. The length of ecological corridors was 1642.04 km, presenting a spatial pattern of one vertical and three horizontals, and extending along river valleys and fault basins with high vegetation coverage. This paper constructed ecological security patterns in mountainous areas aiming at the characteristics of geological disasters, providing spatial guidance for development and conservation decision-making in mountain areas.

Evaluation of ecological effectiveness of protected areas in Northwest China

Protected areas (PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy (GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.

A study on the green plans from a perspective of the regional ecological system at Tokyo 23 words

A study on the green plans from a perspective of the regional ecological system at Tokyo 23 words

Evaluating Land Use Type Change and Ecosystem Services in Peixian County

Land use change ,which has a great influence on the ecological balance, is one of the major driving force in the evolution of regional ecological system. With coal mining and land reclamation for years , Peixian county’s land structure has been changed, which has a big impact on the ecological environment.Based on TM/ETM imagery interpretation data in 1988-2014, with the aid of remote sensing and GIS method, analysis of Peixian county nearly 26 a mining area land use change, and combining the mine actual situation, fix the corresponding ecological service value, calculate the regional ecological service value and its changing trends.

跨国土地利用及其生态影响研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 跨国土地利用及其生态影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304250809 作者: 作者单位: 北京大学建筑与景观设计学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: Transnational land use and its potential environmental consequence Author: Affiliation: College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,Peking University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在全球食物价格不断上涨，粮食安全已经威胁到经济安全的环境下，跨国农用地投资成为国际浪潮。跨国农用地投资推动着各国的土地资源向全球化资源转变，对土地的跨国利用成为全球土地资源优化配置的必然。在对跨国土地利用的背景及现状进行阐述的基础上，指出“代理性农业耕作”方式对区域生态环境可能造成的影响。同时，新型农业科技与跨国土地利用的结合，也在推动着农业经济发展的同时，改变着传统的土地利用模式，进而改变着区域生态环境。最后，指出需要对跨国土地利用做出理性分析并建立相关的国际规则，从而维护可持续粮食安全及生态安全。 Abstract:Attributed to economic forces and fluctuations, global food insecurity is the result of international spikes in food prices, and drives dynamic changes in global transnational land investments. In the form of private negotiations, government leases and concessions in exchange for the development of agricultural infrastructure, irrigation systems and transportation systems, foreign soil is being exchanged in commerce between countries at an unprecedented pace. Moreover, this trend has been intensified by the increased urban demand from rapidly developing countries in Asia, as well as the transition of crops from foodstuffs to feedstocks for biofuels in Europe and America. Transnational land investments promote the transformation of local national land resources into global resources, and dynamic changes in transnational land use is the inevitable result of this land resource optimization.Food security will be among China's most significant national challenges in this century. The discourse on food security in China is limited to defending the red line of 1.8 million mu of arable land, while the phenomenon of transnational land investments in a global context and its potential environmental impacts, which may also lead to food insecurity, have received relatively less attention. In fact, great international concern has arisen over China's land acquisitions for agricultural and biofuel production in the past decade. As an increasingly influential member of the international community, China should be aware of and committed to addressing challenges arising in the course of transnational land investment.Therefore, this paper firstly reviews the background and current situation of transnational land use, and identifies the potential environmental impacts of surrogate farming practice on regional ecological systems. While historically not new, the current processes of transnational land acquisition could be viewed as the largest-scale operation of long-distance farming in human history. Modern agricultural technology, which has played an important role in the improvement of agricultural economy,changes conventional modes of land use and causes further dramatic impact on regional ecological systems. Moreover, through a series of case studies, it highlights the fact that industrial agriculture promoting short-term crop yield is prioritized over long-term soil replenishment and ignores the complex ecology of soil. Water basins-ecologically fragile, economically and politically valuable-have also now become the target of a new wave of large-scale agriculture projects promoted by transnational land acquisitions. Consequently, the growing international and transnational commodification of soil threatens the longevity of vast sections of the world's arable land, the quantity and quality of fresh water, and the health of essential ecosystems world-wide, if no proper rules are established to prevent the deleterious effects of soil-mining and industrial farming practices. Finally, the paper points out the necessity of comprehensive monitoring and analysis of trends in transnational land use, as well as the establishment of relevant international rules, for the purpose of maintaining sustainable food security and ecological security. It argues that the guidelines should include the following key points: (1) Ensuring food security, which means broad-scale alignment between transnational land investments and national agriculture and food policies; (2) Consultation with and participation of local governments and agencies, ensuring greater linkage of investments with local development plans; (3) Environmental sustainability, which means quantifying and measuring environmental impacts, promoting sustainable resource use and land use policies, and minimizing the risk of negative impacts on ecosystems, natural processes, and societal goals. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Analysis on Cross-Regional Land Ecological Compensation

This paper chose Eastern China area, Central China area, Western China area and Northeast China area as the study object and chose landuse classifications as the basic ecological system unit. It roughly estimated the regional ecological system service value. The theory of ecosystem service value, the method of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity are applied to analyze the cross-regional land ecological compensation problem, providing the theoretical guidance for the ecological environment protection and land ecological compensation quantification study.

Influence of land cover changes on the physical and chemical properties of alpine meadow soil

Taking the alpine cold meadow grassland in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as an example, this research deals with the characteristics of alpine meadow soil property changes, including soil nutrients, soil physical properties and soil moisture content under different land coverage conditions. With the degradation of grassland vegetation and the decline of vegetation coverage, soil compactness reduces, gravel content increases and bulk density increases. The originally dense root-system layer is gradually denuded, making the soil coarse and gravel. The change of the organic matter contents with the vegetation coverage change in the surface soil layer (0–20 cm) has shown an obvious cubic polynomial curve process. The organic matter contents increase rapidly when land coverage is above 60%, contrarily decreases on a large scale when land coverage is below 30%. Between 30%–60% of land coverage the organic matter contents remain stable. The total N and organic matter contents in soil have shown quite similar change regularity. Following this the mathematic equations are derived to describe such change processes. Moisture content in soil changes sharply with the vegetation coverage change. Soil moisture content change with the vegetation coverage change has shown a quadratic parabola process. Results have shown that organic matter content and the total N content of the alpine meadow soil decrease by 14890 kg/hm2 and 5505 kg/hm2 respectively as the vegetation coverage reduces from 90% to less than 30%. The heavy changes of soil physical and chemical properties with grassland degradation have made the recovery of alpine meadow ecological system impossible. The protection of alpine meadow vegetation is of vital importance to the maintenance of the regional soil environment and the regional ecological system.

Asian-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) for the Analysis of Global Climate Change

The Asian-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) for evaluating policy options to stabilize global climate change has been developed. This model has three main submodels; the AIM/emission model for predicting greenhouse gas emissions, the AIM/climate model for estimating global and regional climate change, and the AIM/impact model for estimating the impacts of global warming. It focuses on policy assessment in the Asian-Pacific region and has the ability to prepare regional overviews. A high-quality spatial data-base support these functions. It is a collaborative project, and is being conducted with institutes of various countries in the region. Using this model, greenhouse gas emissions and their impacts on climate change and regional ecological systems have been estimated.