Regional Competitive Advantage Research Articles

Clustering and Clustering Potential in TR 32 Regions Province

With globalization, competition between countries, regions and industries has become more intense and complex. The concept of clustering, first expressed by Marshall in 1890 as industrial concentrations; is seen as a tool for ensuring national, regional and local competitiveness, innovation and development. Clustering, which began in the 1960s with the development of the regions where small firms with a tendency to cooperate technologically and strategically in Europe was concentrated in certain industrial regions, came up again in the 1990s with the diamond model which was included in the Porter's work called ‘International Competitive Advantage’. The aim of this study is to investigate the clustering potential areas in the TR 32 region and their effects on regional competitive advantage. For this purpose, three star analysis, which is generally carried out on employment numbers, was used to define the sectors. Results of the study shows the existence of areas with clustering potential and their competitive advantage both regionally and nationally in Ayd?n, Denizli and Mu?la provinces.

Analisis Pembangunan Wilayah Tertinggal di Provinsi Jawa Timur

Regional development in disadvantaged areas in an effort to develop the economic potential so as to have competitiveness and boost economic growth. This study aimed to analyze the economic potential and economic performance of the sector in each region lagging East Java Province that could affect GRDP growth and could be a priority in the implementation of regional development. This study uses secondary data in the form GRDP data, with analysis tools Location Quotient and Shift Share Esteban Marquillas, which consist of the data time series during the period from 2009 to 2013, using the GRDP 9 sectors and cross section 4 underdeveloped districts in East Java. The result of this study indicate that the tool Location Quotient, a sector basis contained in the district of Bondowoso is the agricultural sector, a sector basis in Situbondo district is agricultural sector, trade, hotels and restaurants sector, a sector basis in Sampang district is agricultural sector, mining and quarrying sector, a sector basis in Bangkalan district is agricultural sector, construction sector and services sector. From the analysis of the Shift Share Esteban Marquillas sector with competitiveness (competitive) in the Bondowoso district is agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, electricity, gas and water supply sector, construction sector. A competitive sector in Situbondo district is agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, electricity, gas and water supply sector. A competitive sector in Sampang district is agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, trade, hotels and restaurants sector, finance, leasing and corporate services sector, services sector and a competitive sector in Bangkalan district is agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, trade, hotels and restaurants sector, finance, leasing and corporate services sector and services sector. The overall results of these studies demonstrate the implications that the development in disadvantaged areas still not evenly so that it takes the development priorities like as developing the local economy through the use of local resources and community empowerment through increased people's access to education and health services, job creation and the ability to utilize and manage the market.Keywords: Gross Regional Domestic Product, Base Sector and Competitive Advantage

Advancement in the Feeding and Nutrition of Farm Animals of Bangladesh and a Panoramic View 2050

This article describes genesis and the advances of schooling, research and extension of animal nutrition science and practices in Bangladesh. It portrays sine qua non of the advancement of animal nutrition, fodder production and frontier knowledge of allied disciplines. Domestic growth of good practices and its global and regional competitive advantages are delineated for supporting the growing need of safe animal sourced food pillared with profit, people, planet and the ethics of sustainable production of farm animals. A vision of becoming world middle income country with a national population plateau of around 202.0 million and demographic shifts by 2050 may require the annual production of 130.0 and 27.0 thousand tons of manufactured dairy and beef feed furthering global trading competitions for feed ingredients. This competition may be minimized through the production and supply of domestic sourced unique quality feeds and value additions to roughages. Capacity enhancement in research, education and extension will boost socioeconomic and the production efficiency of farm animals and enhance sustainable growth of feed industry racing with regional and global competitions.

High on creativity: The impact of social liberalization policies on innovation

Research Summary: We use a large‐sample inductive approach to explore the impact of two social liberalization policies (legalization of same‐sex civil unions and medical marijuana) and one anti‐liberalization policy (passage of abortion restrictions) on innovation. First, we show that liberalization policies increase state‐level patenting, while the anti‐liberalization policy reduces patenting. Next, we examine three possible mechanisms that could explain the findings. The results suggest that liberalization policies can increase the collaboration diversity of inventors, and hence, the rate, novelty, and impact of their innovation output, through promoting more liberal views and more openness to diversity. We also find speculative evidence that social liberalization policies increase entrepreneurial entry through promoting more diverse social interactions. We do not find evidence for liberal policies attracting top inventors from other regions.Managerial Summary: How does the social context impact the rate and direction of innovation? This article examines this question by exploring the impact of two social liberalization policies (legalization of same‐sex civil unions and medical marijuana) and one anti‐liberalization policy (passage of abortion restrictions) on innovation in the United States. We first show that liberalization policies increase patenting, while the anti‐liberalization policy reduces patenting. Further analyses highlight the impact of these policies on individuals’ openness to diversity as a driving mechanism. We show that inventors collaborate with more diverse partners after the implementation of liberalization policies, producing more innovations and more novel and impactful ones. We discuss the implications for firm location decisions, the impact of corporate social responsibility on innovation, and sources of regional competitive advantage.

Study on the path selection of sustainable development in the mountainous area of Beijing

The mountainous area of Beijing is the broad region with weak economic features, ecologically fragile and special ecological functions. The ecological conditions, sustainability and regional economic development are intercorrelated in the region. It is arduous to enhance the regional competitive advantage and improve the economic development level through the environmental protection and ecological conservation. This study elaborates the relationship between ecology and economic development from the perspectives of ecology, productivity and life style in mountainous areas of Beijing. Then this paper discusses how to increase sustainable development of mountain areas from several aspects, including key regional developments, industrial development, and ecological compensation mechanism, considering the strategic goals of accelerating economic transformation, coordinating urban and rural development, and promoting new-type urbanization.

지역의 경쟁우위 요인과 원천에 대한 연구: 제주지역 관광산업을 중심으로

지역의 경쟁우위 요인과 원천에 대한 연구: 제주지역 관광산업을 중심으로

The Development of Cluster Relations within the State and Business Structures in Terms of Strategy of Non-Primary Sector Import-Substitution

JEL Classification Codes: F60, F63, O35, O44 1. Introduction The adopted policy of overcoming the problem of resource dependence and the modernization of the Russian economy and its regions, it is necessary to formulate mechanisms of development on the course to import substitution. In this case, the transition strategy to non-primary scenario of economic development of the South Russian regions is based on network and cluster interactions of economic agents that will allow for the further increase of the economic potential of the Russian Federation. As a consequence, this will facilitate increase in competitiveness of the regions, which is closely linked to the implementation of cluster policy, which is based primarily on the interaction between state and business structures. Clusters are seen as tools for economic synergies (Dasanayaka and Sardana, 2015; Frank et al., 2016; Kolchanova and Kolchanova, 2016; Ryzhkova and Prosvirkin, 2015). To solve the problems of implementation of import-substitution strategy and translation of results into practice, economic science has developed a number of conceptual approaches that help identify and analyze localized regional space competitive advantages (Ivanova and Bikeeva, 2016). Analysis Conducted in the context of functional and meaningful context, has allowed structuring the main points of regional development theory and considering their advantages and disadvantages in terms of identifying opportunities in the formation of the theoretical and conceptual basis. This can later on be applied to analyze the transition of Russian economy towards the non-primary model (Kormishkin et al., 2016; Salimova and Makolov, 2016). 2. The model of non-primary scenario of economic regional development of Russia In modern conditions of structural changes in the geopolitical space, that are mainly due to external threats, economic sanctions between Western Europe and Russia, issues of preservation and maintenance of sustainable development of regional economic systems is proportional to resource dependence and requires the implementation of the import substitution strategy. According to S.Y. Glazyev, a way out of the current depression will be accompanied by large-scale geopolitical and economic changes. Leading countries have demonstrated their lack of institutional innovations that could channel the free up capital into economic restructuring on the basis of a new technological foundation of the economy. The current irregularity of regional reproduction and distribution of productive forces, the unevenness of Russian territorial space, as well as asymmetry of socioeconomic development of regions (that gets more severe in times of crises) is formed each separate territory. As a result these > of resources are formed which create opportunities for creation of non-primary development potential. Under these conditions, however, it is important not to oppose primary and non-primary sectors of the economy. It is crucial that the innovative potential of primary industries is used in the most efficient way. According to research done by a number of scientists, the primary sector can become a driver of innovation through such a phenomenon as >. This can mean expansion to other industries and sectors as well. Therefore, there is a problem of optimization of the sectoral structure of the region, given the governmental course targeting rational import-substitution in non-primary economic sectors. In the context of this approach, the main reference should be the completed supply chains that allow for production of products with high added value, i.e. following a principle: >. For the South of Russia the main activities are likely to be ones listed in table 1, the modernization of which is possible on the basis of rational combination, mutual substitution, and / or integration of primary and non-primary sectors where significant multiplier effect of output growth in related industries is possible. …

ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF DAN KOMPETITIF PEREKONOMIAN KOTA PADANG SEBAGAI PUSAT KEGIATAN NASIONAL SUMATERA BARAT

Abstract This study focuses on the comparative and competitive economic advantages of Padang City in order to determine the economic development priorities in the future. The analytical approach of this research is a regional economic analysis approach with Location Quoatient (LQ) and Shift and Share analysis (SSA) method. The secondary data used in this study is collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank of Indonesia. The results shows that there are 15 sectors which strong economic based in Padang economics. This is indicated by the LQ value which greater than 1 during the period of 2011 until 2015. The manufacturing sector includes the major trade and retail which has been the main focus of the economic development of Padang City, has decreased its comparative and competitive advantages in West Sumatra region. Padang City as National Activity Center should be a major trading and retail center in West Sumatera. On the demand side, the economy of Padang City is experiencing a fundamental problem, because of its exports not yet have a strong and solid based. Gross fixed capital formation which shows a good investment progress has less comparative advantage, but it has a regional competitive advantage. Therefore, the economic development of Padang City is more focused on enhancement of trading sector. Keywords : Comparative, Competitive Advantages and National Activities Center

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ESTIMATION THE IMAGE OF A CITY (REGION)

The need to assess the image of the region is based on research results. Approaches of authors to the assessment of the region’s image are investigated. A methodology for analyzing the image of the region (city) is proposed. It includes 4 directions of analysis. The first direction is based on the study of the composition of information causes, "produced" by the city. The second direction involves an assessment of the image, based on the positions of regions (cities) in the ratings. The next proposed method is the interview method. It makes possible to study public opinion about the features, competitive advantages of regions (cities). The fourth direction of analysis is based on the use of the ranking method. The results of the evaluation of Novopolotsk's image in selected areas are presented.

ASEAN TIGERS’ TRILEMMA: A TRAVEL AND TOURISM BATTLE IN COMPETITIVENESS AND RESPONSIVENESS

ASEAN is facing a trilemma in travel and tourisme competitiveness and responsiveness which is shown in 2015 Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) by World Economic Forum.The ranks of ASEAN member are so differs due to ASEAN members weakness and strength. By having considered that ASEAN’s goals are to establish a strong economic community and to improve regional autonomy, development, competitiveness, to cope with poverty, human development and equality, then they should work out these issues, which are also as the focuss in ASEAN 2016-2025Tourism Strategic Plan. ASEAN should think as One Vision, One Identity and One Community, in any discussion or agreement to come out with the best solutions. It is demanded that the members and its public-private sectors to sacrifice some of its domestic and bilateral advantages, in order to gain ASEAN Regional competitive and responsive advantages to the global market demands. This paper is using qualitative method, which is supported by indexing and weighted average towards ASEAN 2015-2016 TTCI 14 pillar. It is utilizing the trend of global travellers and international visitors arrivals in ASEAN. Its results are 4 levels of priority for ASEAN Travel and Tourisme Development, discovering the needs to socializing One Identity, One Vision, One Identity and One Community at the ASEAN national levels, recommendations in Intra-ASEAN and Interregional cooperations. The paper’s purpose is present the competitiveness and responsiveness concepts and its problems that related to ASEAN trilemma that involves strategic policies and regional paradigm in.travel and tourism synergized national policies and regulations.Keywords: Tourism, Competitiveness, Sustainability, ASEAN Regional Strategy, Responsiveness.

Organization Participation in Place Branding: From Institutional Perspective

Faced with increasingly fierce global competition, place branding has become an important strategic tool to obtain regional competitive advantage. As a public brand, place brand needs all organizations in the region to build participation beliefs and to achieve specific participation behavior. From the perspective of institutional theory, this paper argues that the internal driving force of organization participation in place branding derives from the regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pressure of institutional legitimacy of place branding. These three pressures will encourage organizations in the region to build the belief of place branding and achieve participation behavior, gaining institutional legitimacy.

Political economy of telecommunication infrastructure: An investigation of the National Broadband Network early rollout and pork barrel politics in Australia

It has been argued that infrastructure unevenness rigidifies into more lasting structures of socio-economic and political privilege and advantage. This paper focuses on telecommunication infrastructure as the backbone of the fast-growing digital economy, and raises important questions about the early National Broadband Network (NBN) rollout in Australia. The paper asks whether there was any case of pork barrelling in the selection of early release sites that enjoyed a regional competitive advantage against other localities that had to wait several years to receive the infrastructure. The answer to this question then leads to a second question about the degree to which voting in the early NBN release sites has swung following the infrastructure rollout. In order to answer these questions the paper examines the voting patterns in the earlier NBN release sites versus all electorates in the Federal elections in 2007–2013 using the data available via Australian Electoral Commission. Findings show trends of politically targeted funding, followed by vote swing in the very next election.

Geographical Distribution of the European Knowledge Base Through the Lens of a Synthetic Index

Advances in knowledge lead to innovation, understood as the development of new ideas that create value for firms and allow them to build regional competitive advantage. While the European Union has placed considerable emphasis on the development of indices measuring phases or aspects of innovation (Innovation Union Scoreboard and Regional Innovation Scoreboard) and competitiveness (Union Competitiveness Report and Regional Competitiveness Index), there are very few studies on the progress of the basis of scientific and technical knowledge in Europe. Therefore, this paper addresses the measurement of the regional knowledge base—understood as the availability of access to the specialized knowledge resources of a territory, normally embedded in the regional actors—in Europe through a new indicator. This allows the creation of a ranking of the European regions based on their knowledge base profiles.

Sustaining Regional Advantages in Manufacturing: Skill Accumulation of Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in the Coastal Area of China

Extant research pays little attention to unorganized migrant workers’ skill accumulation/upgrading from the perspective of the labor supply. This paper takes China as an example to explore the factors influencing the skill accumulation of rural–urban migrant workers (RUMWs), with the purpose of discovering how to sustain or reshape regional competitive advantages by improving RUMWs’ skill accumulation. Structured questionnaire surveys were adopted for data collection in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. In total, 700 questionnaires were issued and 491 effective questionnaires were recovered. It takes the perspective of individual laborers, with special regard to the effects of localization on the laborers’ skill accumulation within the context of globalization. It adopts a broad viewpoint including intra-firm skill-biased strategy (as a response to intense competition), inter-firm relationships, and the accessibility of local non-firm organizations. The findings indicate that firms’ skill preference, which impacts employees’ skills and innovation ability and stimulates them to learn with initiative, have a significant influence on RUMWs’ skill accumulation. In terms of collective efficiency based on the co-competitive relationship between local firms, the more intensive interactions are, the more opportunities RUMWs are afforded for skill accumulation. The accessibility of local institutions and favorable policies also benefit RUMWs’ skill accumulation. In addition, the place itself, as a synthesized space of a firm’s internal labor-management relations and inter-organizational relations, also exerts an influence on and causes regional differences in RUMWs’ skill accumulation.

The Compared Study of Competitiveness of Electron Industry Clusters: Case of Wuhan, Shanghai and Guangzhou

With electronic information product manufacturing in the world transferring to China, the electron industrial clusters have become the main form, of which regional economy gain competitive advantages. So we selected Wuhan, Shanghai and Guangzhou as samples. Then we figured out electron industrial clusters’ competitiveness score of the three cities, using the GEM model. At the same time, we systematically analyzed electron industry clusters of Wuhan Optical Valley from the advantages and disadvantages of the six aspects.

Firm-specific, national and regional competitive advantages: The case of emerging market MNEs—Thailand

Increasing levels of regional economic integration have created a new source of international competitiveness for MNEs from an emerging economy, Thailand, in the context of ASEAN economic integration. Building on the theoretical framework of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and country-specific advantages (CSAs) grounded in internalization theory, we introduce region-specific advantages (RSAs) and advance a novel regional dual-double-diamond model to analyse regional competitiveness. Using both primary and secondary data we find that most Thai firms derive their international competitiveness from CSAs rather than FSAs, and will benefit from ASEAN RSAs. Our study significantly advances the literature on international competitiveness of emerging-economy MNEs.

Access, Place and Australian Live Music

The role of place in cultivating artistic practice, communities and audiences is well established and the economic, social and cultural benefits that flow from this are becoming better understood. By contrast, the factors impacting and influencing access to these places is poorly theorised. This paper identifies and examines these factors as they apply to live music in Australia, through a qualitative survey of live music patrons and venues. We compare the themes identified from our data with existing theories of access in the arts, with a particular focus on the ways in which place-based music scenes may encourage or exclude participation. We address the question of how access affects participation within these scenes, as well as how access might be improved.

Manufacturing Enterprise Network Structure Influencing Mechanism on its Ecological Performance under Different Strategies

Manufacturing enterprise is the core to enhance country or regional competitive advantage; meanwhile it’s the main source of environment pollution. According to configuration theory, only optimal structure can guarantee the realization of strategic target. Therefore, manufacturing enterprise network structure dimension (centrality, transparency, disparity, and complementarity) is confirmed in this paper, and its influencing mechanism on its ecological performance is discovered based on data collection from typical manufacturing enterprise network by regression analysis method. From the research result we can see that efficiency and innovation oriented manufacturing enterprise network ecological performance has different relation with network structure. Efficiency-oriented network should improve its centrality, transparency and complementarity to increase its ecological performance; while for innovation-oriented network, it should keep medium transparency and comparatively higher level disparity to realize ecological development, and the complementarity also should be improved to get higher ecological performance in long run.

Relational Resources As A Source Of Regional Competitive Advantage. Illustrated By The Examples Of The Lodzkie Voivodship And The Novosibirsk Oblast

The paper aims to show relational resources as an increasingly significant factor in the competitiveness of territories. The authors argue that regions trying to increase their competitive position should undertake actions to facilitate the creation of a knowledge base and an institutional environment. This elaboration relies on the resource-based theory, used especially for analyzing relations between an organization and its environment. The paper presents theoretical considerations based on the desk research methodology and worldwide literature. Descriptive characterizations of two cases complete the presentations. The paper presents examples of two regions from different socio - economic systems, illustrating the role of relational resources in their development policy. These regions are the Lodz Voivodeship in Poland and the Novosibirsk Oblast of the Russian Federation. In their home countries, both of them had a strong economic position before the 1980's, and in the time of today’s recession are considered as regions with a slightly above-average potential for growth and good prospects for the development of their economy. Their current competitive positions in the investment market, in comparison with other regions in their countries, are also presented. The paper presents evidence that activities aimed at supporting relational resources (innovation policy, cluster development, cooperation between authorities and regional stakeholders) are conducted on a large scale. It also shows the importance given to relational resources in the developmental strategies of both regions. However, determinants resulting from the socioeconomic system and regional qualifications in the area of development management provide different opportunities to use these resources in practice.

Regionális klaszterek és agglomerációs előnyök: Feldolgozóipar a magyar városrégiókban

A régiók és várostérségek gazdasági növekedésének és fejlődésének egyik forrása gazdaságuk specializációja. Az a térség, amely képes az ott működő traded jellegű húzóágazatok megerősítésére, komoly előnyhöz juthat a területi versenyben. A húzóágazatok azonosításának egyik hasznos eszköze a klaszterek feltérképezése, a régióban meghatározó súllyal bíró, növekedésre képes, innovációs együttműködéseken alapuló gazdasági szerveződések feltárása. Az Európai Unió 2014-2020 közötti regionális politikája is kiemelten kezeli a régiók intelligens szakosodásának elősegítését, amelyben a klaszterek fontos szerepet töltenek be.A dinamikus növekedésre képes traded szektorok jelentős része Magyarországon a feldolgozóiparból áll, amelyhez a foglalkoztatottak, az export és a technológiai újítások jelentős része kötődik. Jelen tanulmány célja a feldolgozóipari alágak térbeli eloszlásának és a klaszteresedéshez szükséges kritikus tömegének felmérése Magyarország nagyvárosi településegyütteseiben, városrégióiban. A klaszterfeltérképezés eredményei felhasználhatók a városrégiók újraiparosodáson alapuló intelligens szakosodási stratégiájának kidolgozásához is.