Central Indian Region Research Articles

Study of sexual dimorphism in maxillary cannine in Northern Central Region of India

Background: The identification of a dead body may be required for following sudden and unexpected death like fire burn, railways side accident or other type of incident. Sometime body got decomposed and need for medical legal purpose. Teeth are an excellent material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations and it also help for identification of sex. The teeth can be identified even when the rest of the body become decompose and not able to identification 2. The Sexual Dimorphism able from tooth because the size, stature and appearance between male and female is different in both the sexes.3 Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be identified by using the Maxillary Canine Index. Materials and Methods: Total 150 subjects were taken for the study purpose in which 75 are male and rest 75 are females in the department of RKDF medical collage & RKDF dental college Bhopal.This study was carried out on 150 subjects which were available. The ages of the subjects ranges between 19-25 years. The procedure for measuring the mesio-distal tooth width was performed as described by Hunter and Priest method. The inter-canine distance was measured between the tips of same arch canines.

Growth Estimation of Under-Five Children Using Statistical Models in Central Region of India

Background and aimsTo determine the suitability of 11 basic statistical models for estimating child-growth of under-five children and to bring-forth estimated growth curves for mean height & mean weight by their selected birth-weight categories for Central Region of India. MethodsThe study used fourth round of National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) data of India, consisting of 75,645 under-five children, belonging to 3 Indian States – Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh. The children of the Region were first divided into 4 sub categories according to their birth-weight: (i) < 2000 gm, (ii) 2000–2499 gm, (iii) 2500–2999 gm (iv) 3000+gm, growth curve for mean height and mean weight were estimated for two sexes. ResultsThe significant association of 7 socio-demographic factors studied, namely – age & sex of child, birth-order, BMI, mother's highest level of education, place of residence and wealth index. Further, Cubic Model and Power Model, demonstrated best-fit to height & weight data of under-five children, belonging to different birth-weight categories, for estimating growth of boys & girls separately. These models enabled us to estimate mean height and mean weight, with 95% CI, for boys and girls separately by different birth-weight categories. ConclusionsStudy concluded that 7 socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with birth-weight. Further, Cubic Model and Power Model were most suitable for estimating child growth in terms of mean height & mean weight for boys and girls – considering specific birth-weight categories.

Enhancement in free-tropospheric aerosol loading over India

Free-tropospheric aerosol loading and its changes assume importance as the diabatic heating due to radiation absorption by aerosols is more intense at higher altitudes. The present study quantifies trends in free-tropospheric aerosol loading over Indian landmass and examines the role of local production and long range transport, using multi-satellite observations and reanalysis data. Increasing trends in free-tropospheric aerosol abundance are seen over most of the regions in almost all the seasons. Strongest positive trend over the Indian landmass is seen in post-monsoon, with mean rate of increase in free-tropospheric aerosol optical depth (AODFree Troposphere) 0.063dec−1. While dust aerosol loading in the free-troposphere decreases, smoke aerosol concentration increases over the Indian landmass. While increase in columnar and free-tropospheric aerosol loading is seen over larger regions of the Indian landmass, including regions of northwest India, Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), central India and southern peninsula, enhancement in aerosol production is observed mainly over the regions of northwest India in post-monsoon. Due to the prevailing westerly winds, aerosols over northwest India are transported through IGP to its central and eastern regions. Increase in aerosol production over northwest India and strengthening of updrafts over the central and eastern IGP lead to vertical uplift of more aerosols into the free-tropospheric altitudes. These free-tropospheric aerosols are subsequently transported, by the prevailing anti-cyclonic system, to the regions of central India and southern peninsula and cause the enhancement in free-tropospheric aerosol loading over these regions in post-monsoon. Though strengthening of updraft is observed over the regions of central India and southern Peninsula, net aerosol production is not seen to be increasing over these regions. The observed enhancement in free-tropospheric aerosols over Indian landmass is important as they can affect the thermal structure and stability of the atmosphere and modify the properties and distribution of clouds.

Multivariate drought analysis for the temperature homogeneous regions of India: Lessons from the Gomati River basin

AbstractDroughts inflict significant loss on agricultural economies. Gomati River basin, the area of the present study, is located within the Ganga River floodplains, which approximately coincide with the north central temperature homogeneous region (NCTHR) of India. Gomati basin is a non‐perennial one supporting water intensive agricultural crops. To ascertain the occurrence of droughts (if any) from 1986 to 2015 within Gomati River basin, in terms of inter‐dependencies of drought causing variables through study of multivariate drought indices, is the main objective of the present study. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used in combination with the Copula approach to construct multivariate standardized drought indices (MSDIs) for drought onset detection through simulation in the face of data scarcity. Although MSDI based assessment of the basin as a whole did not detect any droughts, in the upper basin, MSDIs indicated the possibilities of impending agricultural droughts marked by their consistent variability aroundnear‐normalconditions. This methodology can be used to detect drought situations in data scarce non‐perennial river basins within the Ganga River floodplains including the NCTHR of India.

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - A Short Case Report

Hand, foot and mouth disease, which was once considered a disease of cattle, has been emerging as a common human childhood disease in the last few years but is rare in adults. It is a viral disease characterised by a brief febrile illness and typical vesicular rashes. In rare cases, patients may also develop neurological complications. This report describes a case of hand, foot and mouth disease, presented with typical clinical features in the central Indian region.

Knowledge and perspectives of registered gynecologists about gender determination in relation to abortion laws – Exploratory questionnaire based study in central India

India is one of the few countries to legalize abortion since 1971. However, legalizing abortion has not translated into safe and affordable services. The birth sex ratio in India has been declining since the 1901. Despite the attempts by government to monitor radiologists and genetic laboratories, the Census of India 2011reported a dip in the child sex ratio in states like Maharashtra between 2001 and 2011.The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional questionnaire based study in clinics of participating doctors in a district in tribal region of central India. With the help of pre-validated questionnaire the knowledge and perception of registered gynaecologists were noted regarding the recent abortion laws.72% respondents were aware of the recent amendments in abortion laws but surprisingly only 54% participants have successfully enumerated them and 28% participants were unaware of the recent amendments in the Act.Only 24% participants said that amendments in MTP act was very good but still 12% doctors believed that there is a scope for further amendments.According to 64% participants the PCPNDT Act is acceptable but 12% said record keeping is very difficult and 6% felt that it needs lots of amendments.Majority of the respondents were aware about the MTP &amp; PCPNDT Acts, surprisingly only 54% participants have successfully enumerated them. According to only 24% participants recent amendments was good, According to 12% they were necessary but still 12% believed that there is a scope for further amendments.

Development of novel genome‑wide simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in Bunium persicum

Bunium persicum (Boiss.) Fedtsch or Kala jeera is an economically important medicinal spice that grows in cold temperate regions of Central Asia and Northern India. It is mainly used as spice and condiment in various food preparations. However, its high aroma and richness in essential oils make it industrially important. The bioactivity and pharmacological activities of its phytochemicals have been well elucidated. Due to limited cultivation and huge harvest pressure on natural resources, this species is under severe threat of diversity loss. Further, genetics and molecular breeding studies are lagging for this important crop plant due to a dearth of efficient genome wide molecular markers. In the present study, genomic resources for B. persicum have been generated for the first time through de novo sequencing. In addition, novel genomic SSRs from these resources are identified for their use in future diversity analysis and breeding programs. A total of 177029 perfect and 5915 compound SSR motifs were identified in 212585 assembled sequences. Mononucleotide repeats were the most abundant (55.18%) followed by di- (32.35%), tri- (7.21%), tetra- (3.15%) and hexa- nucleotide (0.76%) repeats. Total 101519 and 2649 primers were successfully designed for sequences containing perfect and compound SSR repeat motifs, respectively. For validation, 88 primer pairs were synthesized for perfect SSR motifs, from which 68 pairs gave scorable amplification. From these, 16 primer pairs were found monomorphic and 52 were polymorphic. These 68 primer pairs altogether yielded 101 alleles with an average of 1.71 alleles per loci. Overall average allele frequency (0.7908), PIC value (0.213), heterozygosity value (0.2995), and gene diversity (0.2680) was recorded for the evaluated Bunium accessions. UPGMA tree constructed based on Nei genetic distances successfully distinguished the evaluated B. persicum accessions. Low genetic diversity recorded in the present study emphasizes the need for restoration and maintenance of effective B. persicum population sizes in situ for its future sustenance.

Non-parametric trend and the validity of a newly developed drought indicator for agricultural application over the central India region

Non-parametric trend and the validity of a newly developed drought indicator for agricultural application over the central India region

Study of a Newly Discovered Microliths and Rock Art Site, Badedev Rakseha at Panna District of Madhya Pradesh, India

The literary data revealed that the Panna district of Madhya Pradesh has not been explored extensively in the context of prehistoric archaeology. Therefore, present study is considered, keeping in view for the same. For this purpose, a systematic exploration of Panna district was conducted during seasons 2019–20. After exploration, a rock art and microliths assemblage site, Badedev (24°45’41.80” N 80°17’2.73”E), Rakseha was discovered at Panna district by the first author and recovered around 500 Microliths assemblages and 02 rock shelters with depiction of paintings. The major type of microliths artefacts identified are; core, flake, blade, bladelets, scraper, lunate, borer, burin, points, triangle, and debris. The typo-technological and morphological analyses of assemblages revealed that various types of stone artefacts used by prehistoric group of this area were made on locally available raw material and they have a sound knowledge of durability of raw material used for tool making, as we have identified more than 36% and 30% of agate and quartz type of microliths respectively among the whole artifacts collected, as both of these are hard as well as durable type of stones. Remains of microliths assemblages and debitage stone material also certified that Badedev prehistoric site was a tool manufacturing site at this area. In rock paintings, themes are most dominantly zoomorphic figurine, human figurine, handprints, and geometric and non-geometric design. For detail study of pictographs DStretch software was utilized. On the basis of rock art style, color, composition, technique, theme, subject matter; motifs such as hunting scenes and large number of animal groups, it is assumed that this site was inhabited by hunter-gatherer group. Finally we are in position to say that the discovery of prehistoric site Badedev Rakseha enhanced our knowledge about the prehistoric culture of central Indian region.

A cross-sectional research of breast self-examination awareness and practice in rural women in central India

Breast carcinoma is the most frequent carcinoma in females around the world, and it can be diagnosed early with self-examination. BSE is a low-cost, easy-to-use, noninvasive approach for detecting breast carcinomas early. As a result, understanding the process and practicing it consistently could protect females from severe morbidity and mortality from breast carcinoma. This research compared the knowledge and practice of BSE among females in Central India before and after they participated in the survey. This six-month cross-sectional research took place in the Tertiary Healthcare Centre’s Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) service region in Central India. The research comprised 500 females who were over the age of 30. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data on understanding of breast carcinoma and BSE, as well as attitudes and BSE practices. The importance of BSE, how it's done, and how often it's done were all explained to the females. The same residences were visited again after a week, and females were asked if they practiced BSE, the actions they took, any findings they had, and whether they had contacted a surgeon. Three hundred and eighty (78%) of the 500 subjects were aware of breast carcinoma. Breast Self-Examination was known by 174 people (35%). (BSE). After receiving BSE education, the percentage of females carry outing BSE jumped from 21% to 85%. After taking part in the research and learning about BSE, the number of females who don't know anything about BSE dropped from 74 percent to 12 percent. BSE is regarded as a low-cost, fast, non-invasive, and non-hazardous technique. One of the most common reasons why females do not conduct BSE is a lack of knowledge about how to do it. Efforts should be made to develop educational initiatives to improve females’ understanding and practice of breast self-examination. Keywords: Awareness, Breast self-examination, Breast carcinoma, Females.

Spatio-temporal variability of XCO2 over Indian region inferred from Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite and Chemistry Transport Model

Investigation of spatio-temporal variability of column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) over the Indian region using remote sensing satellite measurements is of interest due to the sparseness of ground-based observations. In this study, we utilized OCO-2 satellite retrievals in conjunction with an atmospheric chemistry-transport model (ACTM) simulations for a set of known (bottom-up) and optimized (top-down) flux for the period September 2014 to December 2018. Results showed the highest XCO2 during the pre-monsoon season, due to prevailing seasonal-high temperatures and drier soil conditions that resulted in increased respiration and suppressed photosynthesis. In contrast, a reduction in XCO2 during the monsoon season is found as precipitation increased soil moisture and moderated the air temperature, driving vegetation growth by which photosynthesis exceeded respiration by the land biosphere. Model - observation differences of XCO2 have shown the overestimation (underestimation) during monsoon (pre-monsoon) especially over the central India region, which might be due to underestimation of the modeled peak-to-trough biospheric fluxes. Analyses of the latitudinal distribution of XCO2 averaged over Indian landmass shows a clear increasing trend and seasonality. An enormous increase in XCO2 of about ~12 ppm during 2015–2018 is estimated from OCO-2, which is in good agreement with model-simulated XCO2 (optimized flux case) and consistent with the global growth rate from surface observations. The time series and seasonal cycle of XCO2 have also been examined using model simulations over different parts of the Indian region and agreed well with those from OCO-2. Over the northern regions, especially over the Indo Gangetic Plain, the peak-to-trough seasonal cycle amplitudes of 2–3 ppm are twice than those in the southern and oceanic regions,~1–1.5 ppm. An annual total CO2 flux of −397 ± 99 TgC/yr is estimated by the inversion and that is consistent with the XCO2 measurements.

When Does Infrastructure “Qualify for [Artistic] Attention”? The “ABCs” of Contemporary Art in Post-Liberalization India

The period between “liberalization,” or the 1991 opening of India's economy to foreign direct investment, and the 2008 onset of the Great Recession was one of unprecedented change in the forms of Indian art and the infrastructures that supported its understanding, presentation, and circulation. This period of efflorescence—of multiplying growth in and transformation of a set of interlocking artistic and social forms—poses methodological challenges similar to those identified by George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers in their 1995 volume, The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. Marcus and Myers’ call to focus on appropriation, boundary-making, and circulation, though meant to submit the Western art world to critique, coincides quite clearly with three particularly salient changes seen in Indian contemporary art in the period: the turn to unconventional material as artistic media (appropriation); the deliberate integration of artistic work with the materialities of everyday life (boundary); and the development of entirely new curatorial infrastructures and frameworks (circulation). The present essay examines these changes through Mumbai-based artist Navjot Altaf's post-1996, ongoing collaborative work with adivasi (indigenous) artists in the Central Indian region of Bastar. Eventually registered as the NGO Dialogue Interactive Artists Association (DIAA), the collective's activities have ranged from parallel exhibitions of “art” and “craft” to site-specific, cross-disciplinary engagements with play structures (Pilla Gudi) and water taps (Nalpar) built upon collective practices meant to bridge the considerable social distance between urban upper-class and adivasi artists. DIAA's work with water, like other artistic engagements with infrastructure, highlights the social, aesthetic, material, and political aspects of the built networks that sustain everyday life. Their critique leveraged Marcus and Myers’ ABCs, incorporating critical acts of appropriation, the active violation of social and geographical boundaries, and, above all, demonstration of a concern with circulation.

Differential Crustal Attenuation in the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya Obtained from Seismological and Geophysical Studies

Abstract The Uttarakhand Himalaya which comprises of the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya lies in the central seismic gap region of India. Strong motion networks have been installed separately in the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya under various sponsored research projects funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). These networks have recorded several near field earthquakes in the recent past. Recorded data from these networks have been utilised to study the crustal attenuation characteristics of these two regions. The crustal attenuation characteristics of medium can be directly estimated from the frequency dependent quality factor ‘Q’. Estimation of shear wave quality factor, coda wave quality factor and attenuation relations have been made by using same methodology in the data set obtained separately from these two regions. It has been found that there is a substantial difference in the attenuation characteristics of the crustal rocks in these two regions. Since shear wave attenuation has a close relation with the shear wave velocity, therefore, the shear wave velocity has been estimated at various locations of the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya by both active and passive methods. It has been found that the average shear wave velocity of crustal rocks in the Garhwal Himalaya is comparatively higher than that in the Kumaon Himalaya which clearly support the high attenuation property of the crustal rocks in the Kumaon Himalaya compared to the Garhwal Himalaya.

Edifications on Indirect IgM ELISA and Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) of scrub typhus in humans and erudition of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the vector of cohabiting rodents.

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, propagated into humans by the bite of infected mite belonging to genus Leptotrombodium. The present study was conducted in the Nagpur region of central India aiming towards a survey of cohabiting rodents and their potential vectors for the presence of Orientia tsutsugamushi by PCR method. The study also emphasizes serological diagnosis of the disease by employing indirect IgM ELISA and IFA amongst the human cases of pyrexia of unknown origin. Indirect IgM ELISA recorded 39.69% (31/92) seropositive patients, further processing of ELISA positive samples for IFA revealed 67.74 % (21/31) positivity for Boryong, Gilliam, Karp, and Kato serotypes. A total of 50 rodents were trapped from the cohabit areas of the patients. Three different types of rodents were identified; among which, Rattus bandicoot was highest. From these rodents, 164 vectors viz mites, lice, and fleas were collected. The highest chiggar index was recorded for Ornithonyssus biscotti mites (3.4). This study prompts a detailed analysis of different species of rodents and vectors in the said endemic region.

Can the nation-wide COVID-19 lockdown help India identify region-specific strategies for air pollution?

Air pollution is a serious concern with the developing economics in India and gets more severe when it has major cities ranked among the top 30 polluted cities worldwide. To find a solution, different programs and/or policies have been launched for air quality management country-wide. Unfortunately, no such plan could effectively solve the purpose rather than an unexpected COVID-19 pandemic situation in India. Our study focused on the air pollution status and air quality index (AQI) in 42 cities (that includes 6 metros) representing North, South, East, West, Central, and North-East region of India during the pre-lockdown, four lockdowns and unlock phases. The results depict most of the pollutants except ozone (O3) were significantly reduced in the lockdown-1, and marginally increased in subsequent lockdown phases. Regarding the average AQI, its value was highest in North Indian cities (227), followed by East India (172), Central India (141), North-East India (130), West India (124), and South India (83) during the pre-lockdown. Due to COVID-19 induced lockdown, North Indian cities observed the highest dip in average AQI (108), followed by Central India (113), East India (82), West India (73), South India (55), and North-East India (49) in the lockdown and unlock phases. Thus, the study gave a conspicuous vision on mitigation of air pollution under this pandemic; and, if strategic centralized policies are sensibly implemented and by involving the participation of people of India, then there is a feasibility of air pollution issue management.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41324-021-00426-1.

Transforming livestock productivity through watershed interventions: A case study of Parasai-Sindh watershed in Bundelkhand region of Central India

CONTEXTGlobal experiences reveal the positive impact of watershed-based interventions in improving livelihoods and environmental security. In the drylands, increasing forage resources and improving livestock productivity is a critical challenge. OBJECTIVESThe overarching aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of watershed-based interventions on livestock population, productivity, fodder resources, and biomass availability. The paper describes the interrelationship between land, water, crop, and livestock and how the gap in forage deficit can be bridged through a range of watershed interventions. METHODSThe study was undertaken in the Parasai-Sindh watershed of Central India between 2011 and 2016. A 300-year-old defunct haveli (a traditional rainwater harvesting structure) was renovated and nine check dams along the drainage line were constructed. Nearly 25,000 running-meters of field bunds were constructed. Large fields (2-3 ha) were divided into relatively smaller plots (0.3–0.5 ha) to reduce runoff velocity. The impact of watershed interventions on water availability, livestock productivity, forage yield, and income was studied through hydrological monitoring, primary household survey and principal component analysis (PCA) biplot and hierarchical clustering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSThe watershed interventions enhanced groundwater availability leading to greater fodder availability, 22% increase in livestock population (ACU) and a 120% increase in milk production over a period of five years. The bovine population recorded a surge of 193% (cattle) and 32% (buffalo) over this period. Mean dry matter (DM, fodder) availability also increased from 10 t/household/year to 16.7 t/household/year owing to improved water availability. Groundnut (rainy season) and wheat (post rainy season) contributed significantly as forage resources. There was an annual forage demand of 5560 t DM for a livestock population of 2175 ACU in 2011 and of 6770 t DM for a livestock population of 2650 ACU in 2016. Annual forage biomass availability was estimated at 4219 t DM in 2011 and 6977 t DM in 2016. There was a deficit of 1341 t DM (24%) in 2011 which turned into a 3% surplus of 210 t DM in 2016 through watershed-based interventions. With increased cropping intensity and milk production, average annual household income increased from US$ 1325 to US$ 2430 over the five-year period. SIGNIFICANCEThis case study clearly illustrates the impact of watershed-based interventions on livestock population, productivity, forage resources, and biomass availability to bridge the gap in forage deficit. Its findings serve as a guide to widely scale up watershed-based interventions for improved water and biomass availability, and livestock productivity in semi-arid and dryland regions.

Farmers' Perception, Adaptation Strategies, their Determinants and Barriers to Climate Change in the Bundelkhand Region of Central India

This study is based on a farm house hold survey (818 households) collected from 4 districts of drought prone region of central India and examines that how farmers perceive the climate change and adaptation strategies adopted over the past few decades. Nearly, 80.9%, 93.6% and 95.2% farmers’ perceived that the average temperature has increased, rainfall has decreased and occurrence of drought is more frequent, respectively during last 25–30 years. A significant decreasing trend was observed in annual rainfall at all the studied locations with a rate of 2.1 to 5.8 mm year–1. In most of the locations both maximum and minimum temperature showed an increasing trend during winter season (July-October) in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 and 0.4–1.5ºC per 100 year, respectively. However, only two locations viz., Jhansi and Banda district showed increasing trend in maximum temperature in the range of 0.8 to 2.3oC per hundred years during rainy season. This study revealed that the perceptions of rural farmers on climate change and variability are consistent with the climate trend analysis. Econometric model suggested a positive influence of age, agriculture experience, educational qualification, size of land holding, adequate access to credit facility and crop insurance, intermittent dry spell and adequate extension services on climate change perceptions and adaptation. The results further revealed that 69.8% respondent have implemented adaptation measures in response to dry spell. Furthermore, analysis showed that agriculture experience, educational qualification and intermittent dry spell and access to extension services are the key factors for adoption of various adaptation strategies particularly, irrigations scheduling, use of high yielding improved varieties, pesticides and change of planting date. Inadequate availability of irrigation resources and frequent drought as well as intermittent dry spells were considered as the most critical barriers for adaptation measures to climate change by farmers.

Detection of annual and seasonal temperature variability and change using non-parametric test- A case study of Bundelkhand region of central India

Consequences of global warming and climate change are major threat to humans and their socio-economic activities. Agriculture of Bundelkhand region is supposed to be more vulnerable due to emerging scenario of climate change and poor socio-economic status of farming community. Many studies carried out elsewhere have shown evidence of regional temperature variability along with global climate changes. This study focuses on the temporal variability and trend in annual and seasonal temperature (1901-2012) at six locations of Bundelkhand region. The results of the analysis reveal that the annual maximum (TMax) and minimum (TMin) temperature has significantly increasing trend in all the locations in the range of 0.5 to 2.0oC 100 year-1 and 0.5 to 1.1 oC 100 year-1, respectively. Seasonal analysis revealed warming trend in both TMax (0.6-2.6oC100 year-1) and TMin (0.9 to 2.3 oC 100 year-1) during post-monsoon and winter season in all the locations. Majority of the locations showed cooling trend (0.3-1.0 oC 100 year-1), in the mean maximum and minimum temperature during monsoon season except at two locations i.e Jhansi and Banda. However, a significant positive trends (2.9 oC) in the TMin was found for the period of hundred years at Banda district during monsoon season.

Evaluation of Various Factors Which Motivate Children in Ashram Schools of Central India Region to Consume Tobacco Products.

BackgroundTobacco is consumed in myriad forms in India. The rural population has to bear the brunt of smokeless tobacco products. This leads to several complications. More so, among the rural population, this habit comes into practice at a very young age.Aims and objectivesTo determine the prevalence of consumption of tobacco products among young adolescents, at the same time to evaluate the psychological motivation factors for the same.Materials and methodsA sample of 2,000 students of the ashram schools was given a detailed questionnaire which included the questions regarding accessibility, liking, source of motivation, and fear of health hazards.Statistical analysisThe statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS version 22, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Depending on the nature of the data, descriptive statistics were performed to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and motivational factors associated with it.ResultsThe prevalence of tobacco consumption among children was 37.2%. Fifty-one percent of the tobacco users consumed kharra (a mixture of tobacco, lime, areca nut). Forty percent of the tobacco users began using tobacco after the age of 10 years. For 65% of the individuals’ tobacco products were easily accessible.ConclusionWith the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the easy accessibility to the products in the rural areas is responsible for the children to indulge in such a harmful habit.Clinical significanceThis study focused on the factors that motivate the school-going children in the ashram schools to consumption of various tobacco products. This can give a clear insight as to what measures need to be taken to curb such a problem.How to cite this articleSharma P, Kalaskar R. Evaluation of Various Factors Which Motivate Children in Ashram Schools of Central India Region to Consume Tobacco Products. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):554–557.

Results of century analysis of rainfall and temperature trends and its impact on agriculture production in Bundelkhand region of Central India

Results of century analysis of rainfall and temperature trends and its impact on agriculture production in Bundelkhand region of Central India