Region Of Bahia Research Articles

Trend analysis of rain indicators for the state of Bahia, Brazil

The concern about the climate issue has been increasing since climate change influence the water resources system. For this reason, this study sought to identify the presence of trends in the historic series of two meteorological variables: total annual precipitation and number of rain days, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, in order to verify if the precipitation regime is being affected by the global climate change. Two trend tests were applied: Mann-Kendall and Linear Regression, with significance levels of 5% and 10%, in the historical series of 32pluviometric stations distributed throughout the state. The results of the two testes were similar, which guarantees that both can be used for detection of changes in rain pattern. The study confirms that in a specific region of Bahia, more specifically in the central and eastern areas, there is a reduction trend in the historical series of annual precipitation. Regarding the number of rain days, no trend conclusions were observed.

Irrigation of papaya in a sandy loam soil in the semiarid of Bahia, Brazil

Irrigated farming enables producing papaya in Iacu, located in the semiarid region of Bahia. However, water must be used efficiently, as the local availability of irrigation water resources is restricted. This study was conducted with the objective of defining the irrigation depth that provides the best agronomic performance of the Tainung No. 1 papaya cultivar, in a sandy loam soil of Iacu, in the semiarid of Bahia, under the irrigation management conditions adopted by the producer. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks with four replicates. The experimental plot consisted of a row of plants, containing two border plants and twelve useful plants. Treatments corresponded to the total water depth of 1.103; 1.702; 2226; 2.751; 3.349 mm. Studied variables were height, leaf area, fruit number and yield, water use efficiency, fruit weight, fruit diameter and length, pulp width, pulp water content, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity. Growth and production of the papaya tree responded positively to the applied water depths, but there was no interference in fruit quality. The yield showed linear adjustment, with a calculated maximum at 123.845 t ha-1 obtained for 3.349 mm. With the increasing water depth applied, there was a reduction in water use efficiency due to percolation water loss.

Nickel and copper accumulate at low concentrations in cacao beans cotyledons and do not affect the health of chocolate consumers

Aim of study: Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) are essential metals for the growth and development of plants. In view of the above, the aim of this work was to quantify and correlate Ni and Cu concentrations in the leaf and the parts of the fruit [pod husk, pulp, tegument (seed coating) and cotyledons] of clonal cacao genotype PH 16.Area of study: Cacao genotypes were collected from adult plants grown on farms located in three different climatic regions of southern Bahia, Brazil.Material and methods: Plant material was collected in four plots of twenty farms, located under different edaphic and topographic conditions. They were subjected to chemical analysis and later to statistical analyses.Main results: There was high variability of Ni and Cu concentrations in all evaluated plant materials. Leaf, pulp, and tegument were the plant materials that accumulated more Ni. On the other hand, the greatest accumulation of Cu occurred in the tegument and in the pod husk, while in the cotyledons there was little accumulation of these metals. The concentrations of Ni were influenced by the three climatic regions, a fact not observed for Cu, except at the leaf level. There was interdependence between the accumulation of Ni in the leaves and in the different parts of the fruit, a fact not observed for Cu.Research highlights: Since Ni and Cu accumulated in low concentrations in the cacao beans cotyledons, raw material for the manufacture of chocolate and other food products, these metallic elements do not affect the consumers' health.

ACESSO E UTILIZAÇÃO DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE POR QUILOMBOLAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS BAIANOS

Understanding the provision of health services to the black Brazilian population is important. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify how the health services of rural quilombolas in the geographical region of Bahia are accessed and used. It is a population-based survey, with information obtained through the application of standardized questionnaires. Poisson's regression tested the associations. No community had a functioning health service infrastructure and three had no coverage from the Community Health Agents Program. Most quilombola’s indicated home registration at the Basic Health Unit, however, the indication for monthly visits by CHWs was less than the expected. Conversely, the majority cited never having been visited by endemic agents. Hears indication of medical consultation in the last 12 months by the majority, especially among women. The services demanded in the last two weeks were obtained predominantly from public services. Thus, access to and use of health services by quilombolas in the Guanambi / Bahia region occurs unevenly due to structural barriers, limited availability of human resources and local infrastructure.

Waste green coconut shells: Diagnosis of the disposal and applications for use in other products

Information about the quantities of green coconut shells disposed of in areas where the coconuts are consumed is not precise, which can make it difficult to arrange the management of these residues. Assessing the amount of coconut husk disposed of in a region, and the potential of this material for producing other products, will not only improve the environment, but will also contribute to the economic development and health of the population. Based on a structured face-to-face survey in a representative sample of seven municipalities in the southern coastal region of Bahia, this study identifies and maps the main points of consumption where the disposal of green coconut shells occurs, with an evaluation of the uncertainty of the data. The results show that the region annually wastes the equivalent of 1.7 M shell units with a standard uncertainty (u) of 1.2 k, and the amount of fibers that could be extracted for the manufacture of products is 632 t (u = 59 t). The use of the green coconut shells wasted in this region to create other products would lead to an annual reduction in emissions of between 10.2 t and 20.9 t of CH4. A survey conducted over the past ten years of the general framework for possible uses of the shells, and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT), have shown that green coconut shells have potential for use in the production of gardening products, handicrafts, and briquettes. Valuation based on gardening products reveals that the region could produce 34 M (u = 47 k) units of biodegradable tubes for planting seedlings annually and could therefore generate a gross annual revenue of R$ 170 000 (u = 2 350). With regards to briquettes, considering only the municipality of Ilhéus, production could generate a gross value between R$ 2 190 and R$ 3 650 per month.

Floristic survey in an Atlantic Forest remnant in the Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia State, Brazil

ABSTRACT This work presents a list of the Angiosperms that occurs in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest, Recôncavo da Bahia region. The present study was carried out in the Serra da Copioba in the municipality of São Felipe, Bahia State, Brazil. Botanical expeditions were carried out in the studied area between the years 2016 and 2017. The collections were performed in trails throughout the region of the Serra da Copioba. The specimens were housed in the Herbarium of the Recôncavo da Bahia (HURB). We found 306 species. The rates of endemism registered by this study are 20.46% for species occurring exclusively in the Atlantic Forest and 4.25% are endemic to Bahia State. The good indexes of endemism added to the exclusive occurrence of plants make the Copioba Mountain an important remnant of the Atlantic Forest of the region.

Nonlinear mixed effects models for comparing growth curves for Guzerá cattle

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the accuracy of the fitted Gompertz and von Bertalanffy models for male and female Guzerá cattle, respectively. Four production regions in Northeast Brazil were included in the models as a fixed effect, and the animals were included as a random effect. In addition, the coefficients of the growth models in the production regions were compared. The accuracy of the fit equations was assessed with the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, mean absolute deviation, mean squared error, and coefficient of determination. Confidence intervals were used for comparing the production regions. The Guzerá males in the Gado-Algodão and Serra Geral da Bahia production regions were statistically equal in asymptotic weight, and the animals in the Itapetinga-Valadares and Mata-Agreste regions had equivalent maturity rates. The Guzerá females in the Itapetinga-Valadares and Serra Geral da Bahia regions had the same asymptotic weight. The maturity rates in Itapetinga-Valadares were equal to those estimated for Mata-Agreste and Serra Geral da Bahia. The inclusion of the fixed effect of the production region and the random effect of the animals in the models improved the fit quality and increased the possibility of generating growth curves for each region.

NATIVE AND EXOTIC SPECIES OF ECONOMICALLY USED PLANTS IN THE SOUTHERN BAHIA ATLANTIC FOREST REGION

The Atlantic Forest is extremely devastated and little remains of its original cover, being a hot spot. Often in the remnants, species not yet described are found, which causes them to become extinct before they are known. Biodiversity inventories in this rich and threatened biome are important. The southern region of Bahia and the IFBA - Campus Ilheus have considerable forest area, highlighting the importance of work aimed at developing biodiversity conservation and preservation activities in these areas. Thus, it is important to know the floristic composition of this biome for a better evaluation of the existing vegetation matrices, as well as access to information about the dynamics of this forest and its local importance. The samples were collected for herborization, identification and incorporation in the UESC herbarium. Subsequently, species cataloging, illustration and morphobotanical characterization were carried out. Eleven different regions were visited, 97 plants were collected, 45 species were identified, 10 plants had only the genus and family identified, 18 were classified only as family and 20 species without identification. The illustrations served as interpretative models of the morphology of these plants. All species collected belong to the group of angiosperms, with a predominance of dicots. It can be concluded that: i) the species collected were planted randomly and are fulfilling the purpose of planting for beautification and composition of cabruca; ii) the endemic landscape of the Atlantic Forest was lost by the introduction of exotic species for ornamental or medicinal use; iii) it was found that the illustration allowed a better understanding of the diversity of shapes of the collected plants; iv) the species are more herbaceous, with sizes ranging from 20 cm to 12 m in length, some plants were characterized by inflorescences and bracts, which shows an important evolutionary aspect.

Concentration of Metals in Plant Litter Produced in Regions of Caatinga in Southwest Bahia, Brazil

Plant litter has several functions in a forest ecosystem. Studies about plant litter are of great importance to better understand and conserve ecological environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of metals (Fe, Co, Ca, Cu, Ni, Mg, Mn and Zn) in Caatinga plant litter in the southwest region of Bahia. Plant litter was collected in summer (January/2017) and winter (August/2017). Concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results were submitted to multivariate analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The average amount of plant litter found in January and August was 1190 and 1329 kg ha-1, respectively. The twigs fraction provided the largest amount of biomass to the plant litter since this deposition occurred in greater quantity in August, a period of drought. Metal concentrations (g kg-1) in the analyzed samples ranged from 1.39-257 (Fe), < limit of quantification (LOQ)-0.269 (Co), 0.0036-0.61 (Cu), 1.39-8.76 (Ca), 0.0022-0.56 (Ni), 0.137-1.52 (Mg), 0.033-1.91 (Mn) and 0.0022-0.8 (Zn). The multivariate analysis showed that the composition of plant litter is altered seasonally.

Psidium pulcherrimum(Myrtaceae, Myrteae), a new species from Bahia, Brazil

A new species, Psidium pulcherrimum, is described herein. It is known only from an arid ecotone region of Bahia, Brazil. Information on its conservation status, distribution, and phenology are provided.

Searching for Networks: Ecological Connectivity for Amphibians Under Climate Change.

Ecological connectivity depends on key elements within the landscape, which can support ecological fluxes, species richness and long-term viability of a biological community. Landscape planning requires clear aims and quantitative approaches to identify which key elements can reinforce the spatial coherence of protected areas design. We aim to explore the probability of the ecological connectivity of forest remnants and amphibian species distributions for current and future climate scenarios across the Central Corridor of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Integrating amphibian conservation, climate change and ecological corridors, we design a landscape ranking based on graph and circuit theories. To identify the sensitivity of connected areas to climate-dependent changes, we use the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate by means of simulations for 2080-2100, representing a moderated emission scenario within an optimistic context. Our findings indicate that more than 70% of forest connectivity loss by climate change may drastically reduce amphibian dispersal in this region. We show that high amphibian turnover rates tend to be greater in the north-eastern edges of the corridor across ensembles of forecasts. Our spatial analysis reveals a general pattern of low-conductance areas in landscape surface, yet with some well-connected patches suggesting potential ecological corridors. Atlantic Forest reserves are expected to be less effective in a near future. For improved conservation outcomes, we recommend some landscape paths with low resistance values across space and time. We highlight the importance of maintaining forest remnants in the southern Bahia region by drafting a blueprint for functional biodiversity corridors.

Avaliação da qualidade de água para consumo humano em fonte subterrânea na região do recôncavo da Bahia

A água é um dos recursos naturais fundamentais à vida na Terra. É considerada como um bem precioso, indispensável a todas as atividades humanas, além de consistir num componente representativo de valores sociais e culturais. A sua contaminação traduz um grande risco à saúde da população. Este trabalho apresenta a avaliação da qualidade da água para consumo, proveniente da fonte localizada no município de Catu, região do recôncavo da Bahia. As amostras foram coletadas no período de junho a agosto de 2019 em um único ponto, muito utilizada pela população local. Foram analisados parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos tais como: pH, sólidos totais dissolvidos, condutividade, turbidez, cor, ferro, dureza, cloreto, flúor, coliformes totais e termotolerantes. Os valores médios para os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados foram: pH (6,8), sólidos totais dissolvidos (98,88 mg/L), condutividade (154,50 µs/cm), turbidez (0,67 NTU), cor (0,0 mg.Pt/L), ferro (0,04 mg/L), dureza (40 mg/L), cloreto (50,65 mg/L) e flúor (0,07 mg/L). Para os parâmetros microbiológicos foram identificados resultados positivos para coliformes totais e negativos para termotolerantes. Os resultados encontrados foram comparados com os valores de referência estabelecidos pela Portaria nº 2.914/11 do Ministério da Saúde, Resolução CONAMA nº 396/08 e Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05. Os valores encontrados indicaram que todos os parâmetros físico-químicos ficaram em conformidade com as legislações vigentes, no entanto, para a análise microbiológica, os coliformes totais apresentaram valores superiores aos aceitáveis, indicando possíveis contaminação por falta de manutenção.

Evaluation of the Hygienic and Sanitary Conditions of Poultry Products Commercial Establishments in Street Markets

Abstract: The street markets are an aggregational of commercial establishments where a variety of food products can be found, so we must consider the commercialization of these products and the hygienic conditions of these distribution places, which directly affect the quality of the food offered at these markets. This study aimed to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the street market located in the southwest region of Bahia. Through this study, it was possible to identify that the main points that need improvement are regarding the hygiene habits of the handlers, how food storage works and the lack of water, which is one of the most critical points found during this evaluation. This study reinforces the need for supervision by the responsible agencies, so that educational actions can be implemented through courses, workshops and lectures in order to raise awareness about their managing and minimize the risks to public health. Keywords: Evaluation. Poultry Checklist. Chicken. Hygienic-sanitary. Production.

Application of principal component analysis for the evaluation of the chemical constituents of Mimosa tenuiflora methanolic extract by DLLME/GC–MS

In this study, various systems for the extraction of 14 chemical compounds of different classes of secondary metabolites from Mimosa tenuiflora shoots were evaluated, using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). The samples were collected in Jequié, located in the Southwest region of Bahia, Brazil. Nineteen extraction systems were studied using different combinations of solvents and centrifugation times. Chloroform, dichloromethane, hexane and ethyl acetate were studied as extraction solvents and acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol and methanol were studied as dispersing solvents, with centrifugation times of 10 or 20 min. The sedimented phases obtained from DLLME were derivatized using the silylating reagent N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was effective to identify the best ternary solvent systems applied in DLLME. For each identified class of compounds, an agreement was verified with the structural characteristics of the compounds and their chemical interactions. These data point to the applicability efficiency of DLLME, GC–MS and PCA as a preliminary analysis of the chemical composition of organic plant extracts.

Postharvest losses of vegetables in fruit markets: a case study in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil

Postharvest losses of vegetables in fruit markets: a case study in the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil

Eucalyptus culture in the extreme southern region of Bahia and its impacts

By historically analyzing the presence of eucalyptus not only in the extreme southern region, but throughout the Brazilian territory...

Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres com câncer docolo doútero na Bahia, Brasil

Objetivo: analisar os itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres com câncer do colo do útero (CCU) a partir do tratamento, na região Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil.Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo descritivo e exploratório realizado em uma unidade de alta complexidade em oncologia que é referência para a região sudoeste da Bahia. Cinco mulheres em tratamento para o CCU foram entrevistadas, sendo a coleta de dados realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros em diário de campo, no período de julho a agosto de 2017. Adotou-se a análise categorial temática.Resultados: emergiram duas categorias empíricas: aspectos simbólicos e experiências de mulheres em tratamento para o CCU e a busca por tratamentos para o CCU. As racionalidades e práticas acionadas no curso dos itinerários revelaram a externalização de signos e significados da doença a partir de elementos biomédicos e sobrenaturais, experiências de adoecimento caracterizadas por sentimentos de dor e sofrimento, superação e enfrentamento como também o acionamento de estratégias terapêuticas de caráter empírico, popular e biomédico.Conclusão: os itinerários tecidos a partir de conexões com familiares, profissionais de saúde, membros da comunidade e a com a religiosidade, denotam que não existem padrões únicos e definidos nas trajetórias em busca de cuidado e que os mesmos podem permitir uma maior aproximação dos sentidos, modos de lidar com a doença e estratégias terapêuticas valorizadas e acionadas por estas mulheres.

"Communists in the Church": the role of progressive Catholics in encouraging popular participation in the Sisal Region of Bahia in the last years of the 20th century

This paper aims at presenting a brief discussion about the role of lay religious people, considered progressive Catholics, in encouraging popular participation in the socio-political decisions in the city of Conceição do Coité – located in the Sisal region of Bahia – in the final years of the twentieth century. These Catholics’ political actions contributed to downsize a political framework linked to the dictatorial regime and to strengthen the Popular Church in Conceição do Coité’s community. The theoretical-methodological perspective guiding this analysis works on the same assumptions adopted by the political historiography’s new approach and it is articulated with sources of several natures.

Dual influence of terrestrial and marine historical processes on the phylogeography of the Brazilian intertidal red alga Gracilaria caudata

In this study, we explored how past terrestrial and marine climate changes have interacted to shape the phylogeographic patterns of the intertidal red seaweed Gracilaria caudata, an economically important species exploited for agar production in the Brazilian north-east. Seven sites were sampled along the north-east tropical and south-east sub-tropical Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G.caudata was inferred using a combination of mitochondrial (COI and cox2-3), chloroplast (rbcL) and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers. A remarkable congruence between nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast data revealed clear separation between the north-east (from 03°S to 08°S) and the south-east (from 20°S to 23°S) coast of Brazil. These two clades differ in their demographic histories, with signatures of recent demographic expansions in the north-east and divergent populations in the south-east, suggesting the maintenance of several refugia during the last glacial maximum due to sea-level rise and fall. The Bahia region (around 12°S) occupies an intermediate position between both clades. Microsatellites and mtDNA markers showed additional levels of genetic structure within each sampled site located south of Bahia. The separation between the two main groups in G.caudata is likely recent, probably occurring during the Quaternary glacial cycles. The genetic breaks are concordant with (i) those separating terrestrial refugia, (ii) major river outflows and (iii) frontiers between tropical and subtropical regions. Taken together with previously published eco-physiological studies that showed differences in the physiological performance of the strains from distinct locations, these results suggest that the divergent clades in G.caudata correspond to distinct ecotypes in the process of incipient speciation and thus should be considered for the management policy of this commercially important species.

Quality of Top, Middle and Bottom Buffelgrass Seeds From Different Collecting Sites

This work aimed to characterize physically and physiologically buffelgrass seeds collected in different municipalities located in the semiarid region of Bahia and at different positions in the panicle. At each site, two hundred mature, whole panicles were collected when seeds were naturally falling. A 5 &amp;times; 3 factorial in a completely randomized design was used. Factors were five municipalities where seeds were collected and three positions within the panicle (bottom, middle and top portions), with four replicates of 50 seeds for each treatment. Moisture content, dry seed weight, electrical conductivity, germination percentage, germination speed index and emergence speed index were assessed. Data were tested by analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% of significance level. Soil and climate conditions of each region affect the physiological quality of buffelgrass seeds. Seeds located in bottom and middle portions of the panicle are more vigorous than seeds located in the top portion. The municipality of Po&amp;ccedil;&amp;otilde;es has better conditions for yielding buffelgrass seeds of better quality than the remaining municipalities.