Antalya Region Research Articles

Phylogeny, diversification and biogeographic implications of the eastern Mediterranean endemic genus Ricotia (Brassicaceae)

AbstractRicotia (Brassicaceae) is a genus of nine species endemic to the eastern Mediterranean region. Its phylogenetic relationships, monophyly, and tribal placement have not yet been adequately addressed. To achieve this, sequence data from the nuclear‐encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (trnL‐F region) were analysed by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods for 45 Ricotia accessions, representing all species and covering their entire distribution ranges, along with outgroups of selected members of main Brassicaceae lineages and tribes. The results clearly indicate, with high posterior probability/bootstrap support, that Ricotia is monophyletic and together with Lunaria should be assigned, with Biscutella and Megadenia, to tribe Biscutelleae. Divergence time estimations, using both a secondary calibration approach and published ITS substitution rates, indicate that the origin of Ricotia (crown group age, 9.2–11.3 Ma) predates the onset of the Mediterranean climate after the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.9–5.3 Ma). We tentatively conclude that diversification within Ricotia was affected by climate changes during that geological epoch which had a great impact on the speciation history of the Mediterranean flora and fauna. Ancestral area reconstruction analyses revealed that Mediterranean Ricotia species arose in southwest Anatolia (likely Antalya region), whereas the origin of the genus remained unclear. Finally, a perennial life cycle appears to be ancestral in Ricotia, as revealed by an ancestral character state reconstruction analysis.

An investigation of antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior in the Turkish hospitality industry: a structural equation approach

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and its antecedents – job satisfaction (JS), affective commitment (AC), organizational justice (OJ) and charismatic leadership (CL); the relationships among its antecedents; and mediating roles of JS and AC in the relationships between CL and OCB and between OJ and OCB in the Turkish hospitality industry in Antalya region. Improving OCB in the hospitality industry, as in other industries, plays an important role in increasing service quality and organization performance.Design/methodology/approach– The sample used for this study consisted of 768 employees working in 18 hotels (4- or 5-Star) in the Antalya region of Turkey. The data collection methodology of the study was a questionnaire survey which was administered through drop-and-collect methodology. The analysis methodology of the study was structural equation modeling.Findings– The findings indicated that both AC and JS mediated the relationship between CL and OCB, as well as between OJ and OCB. Guiding employees by charismatic leaders as well as securing OJ at workplaces in hospitality organizations in the Antalya region of Turkey contribute to OCB positively; however, JS and AC mediate this relationship. Thus, it is assumed that managers should take steps to improve the AC and JS attributes of their employees. In addition, unlike empirical findings in hospitality management literature, this research could not find any direct relationship between CL and OCB.Research limitations/implications– The present study provides practical implications for hotel managers who may be searching for ways in which to increase OCB and firm performance. The sample is confined to the hospitality industry, thus the generalization of findings to other industries might be limited. Hence, the authors suggest future studies which better enable comparison among various industries.Originality/value– The novelty of the present study arises from two points: incorporating a CL variable into the study’s model regarding the antecedents of OCB and investigating the mediating roles of JS and AC between CL and OCB as well as between OJ and OCB within the hospitality management industry.

Antalya İlinde Denetimli Serbestlik Karan Alınan Kişilerde Uyuşturucu Madde Kullanımının Araştınlması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Psikiyatri Bölümü’ne denetimli serbestlik kararı alınarak, adli olgu olarak gelen kişilerin madde kullanım özelliklerinin ve sosyodemografik verilerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesidir.Materyal ve Metod: 2012-2014 tarihleri arasında Denetimli Serbestlik ve Yardım Merkezi Şube Müdürlüğü’nce (DSYMŞM) hastanemize sevk edilen bireylerin denetimli serbestlik birimi arşivinde kayıtlı dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiş ve elde edilen veriler hazırlanan veri formlarına kaydedilmiştir.Bulgular: 2012-2014 yıllarında Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine denetimli serbestlik kapsamında gelen kişilerde madde kullanımı 2013 yılında %82, 2014 yılında %76 oranında artmıştır. Madde kullananların %97’si erkek olup, esrar kullanım oranı 2013’de %118 ve 2014’de ise %102 oranında artmıştır. Morfin ise sırayla %43 ve %42 oranında artmıştır. Kadınlarda madde kullanım sıklığı 2013 yılında %52 ve 2014 yılında % 131 oranında artmıştır. Son üç yılda madde kullananların yaş ortalaması düşmüştür. 2014 yılında madde kullananların %58’i bekar, % 74’ü ilköğretim mezunu ve %65’i serbest meslek sahibidir.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda elde edilen verilere göre Antalya bölgesinde son üç yılda uyuşturucu madde kullanım oranı belirgin düzeyde artmıştır. Madde kullanım oranı diğer illere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En sık kullanılan madde esrardır. Kadınların madde kullanım sıklığı artmıştır. Madde kullanım yaş ortalaması düşmüştür. Madde kullanan kişilerin sadece % 14’ü tedavi olmak istemiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: madde bağımlılığı, denetimli serbestlik, Antalya, esrar

Thalassemia major patients using iron chelators showed a reduced plasma thioredoxin level and reduced thioredoxin reductase activity, despite elevated oxidative stress

In the present study, we aimed to investigate plasma levels of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), and the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), in thalassemia major (TM) patients living in the Antalya region, Turkey. The patients were divided into three groups, according to chelators – the deferoxamine group (DFO, n = 20), the deferasirox group (DFX, n = 20), and the deferiprone group (DFP, n = 20), to compare any possible effect of chelators on antioxidative and oxidative stress parameters. A control group (n = 20) was selected from healthy volunteers. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and TrxR, as well as the concentrations of Prx2, Trx1, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), reduced glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the plasma samples of TM patients and the controls. The activity of CAT and the levels of H2O2 and MDA in the TM patients were significantly higher than those in the controls, while the levels of GPx, Trx1, TrxR, and GSH were lower. The concentrations of ferritin, GSH, H2O2, and MDA, as well as the activities of GR, CAT and TrxR, showed significant differences among the chelator groups. Although TrxR activity showed an increase in TM patients due to an elevated iron overload, both TrxR activity and Trx1 level were lower in the patient groups compared with the cases in the control group. As a result, because Trx1 level and TrxR activity were measured at a low level in the patients, increasing the levels of Trx1 and TrxR in TM patients will be a target of future treatment.

Investigation of The Dyeability Behavior of Banana Fibers With Natural Dye Extract Obtained From Turmeric Plants

In this study, the fibers produced from the banana plants provided from Antalya region were treated with a variety of mordants, and then the fibers were dyed with the natural dye extracted from turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) via ultrasonic and conventional method. Finally, the dye uptake and fastness properties of samples were investigated. The recent studies have demonstrated that the synthetic dyes can be non-biodegradable, allergenic, cytotoxic and partially carcinogenic. Recently demand for eco-friendly, non-carcinogenic and non-toxic products have been gradually increased. Compared to the synthetic dyes, the natural dyes are advantageous in the way of been biodegradable and non-toxic and not causing health problems, produced under temperate conditions. These properties of natural dyes lately result in increasing their usage. Today utilization of many plant extracts as natural dyes has been investigated such as turmeric plant.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey: a five-year evaluation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis. It is important to know the genotypes of HCV in the decision of the HCV related chronic hepatitis therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HCV genotypes determined at the Microbiology Laboratory of Akdeniz University Hospital, and to evaluate the changes in the distribution of the genotypes within the last five years. A total of 422 blood samples from HCV-RNA positive chronic hepatitis C patients (219 male, 203 female; age range: 8-79 yrs, mean age 46.3 ± 15.5 yrs) which were sent to our laboratory for genotyping between 2009-2013 period, were analyzed retrospectively. HCV-RNA extractions were performed in an automated system (EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0, Qiagen, Germany), and a commercial reverse hybridization line probe-based assay (LIPA; GEN-C RT-PCR, Italy) was carried out for genotyping, For viral load determinations, a real-time PCR method (Cobas TaqMan HCV, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used. Demographic data of the patients were obtained from the hospital information systems and electronic patients' files. Out of the 422 patients, genotype 1b was detected in 63.3% (n= 267), genotype 1a in 14.7% (n= 62), genotype 3a in 11.1% (n= 47), genotype 2b in 0.9% (n= 4), genotype 4e in 0.2% (n= 1). The subtypes couldn't be determined for 5.4% (n= 23), 2.6% (n= 11) and 1.4% (n= 6) of the patients infected with genotype 1, 2 and 4, respectively. One (0.2%) patient, was coinfected with genotype 1 and 4. Of the patients, 40 were foreign-born (16 cases from Russia; 4 of each from Ukraine and Georgia; 3 of each from Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Germany; one of each from Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Chechnya, Moldova, Switzerland and Romania) and among these patients genotype 3a (19/40; 47.5%) was the most common genotype followed by genotype 1b (17/40; 42.5%). Median values of HCV viral load were 668.500 IU/ml (range: 2.000-9.630.000) in the whole group; while it was 732.000 IU/ml (range: 2.000-9.630.000) in patients infected with genotype 1 and 444.000 IU/ml (range: 2.650- 8.330.000) in patients infected with the other genotypes (p> 0.05). Patients infected with genotype 1 were found to be older than those infected with other genotypes (47 ± 15.7 and 39.5 ± 12.2, respectively; p< 0.001). Among patients infected with different genotypes, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of genders (p> 0.05). In conclusion, the determination of HCV genotypes is of crucial importance for treatment decision-making of chronic HCV infection. Besides, it also allows monitoring the changes in the epidemiology of HCV. In this study, although genotype 1b was determined as the most common HCV genotype, the detection of other genotypes was remarkable. This finding was attributed to the presence of many foreign national people in Antalya region which was a high capacity tourism area in Turkey.

Functions of ‘Madrasas’ in the Ottoman Period

In this study certain educational institutions such as madrassahs, kulliyes and mosques that contributed to environment in terms of education in the Ottoman period (middle of the fifteenth century-beginning of the nineteenth century)are researched with regards to educational system, curriculum, mudarrises, students and training. The functions and effects of the madrassahs at that time as well as their reflection in our time are dealt with. In this context, some educational institutions included by certain Anatolian madrassahs such as darulkurra, darulhadith, sahnıseman and schools, which are currently existed and not, have been taken in examination. Incorporating madrassahs, which are public instutions in the Ottoman period, in the state organisation has been started with the Fatih madrassahs that were established by Fatih (Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror) and structuring of madrassah order was quickened after the conquest. In time, the cities such as İstanbul (capital city), Edirne, Bursa, İznik, Trabzon, Konya and Diyarbakır have had the most madrassahs. The large majority of madrassahs of Sinan the Architect have been built in Anatolia and in other cities of the Empire. The first Ottoman madrassah was established in İznik and has become widespread in time. In consequence of being institutions in which training was giving according to the curriculum and ratification of mudarris and having distinctive architectural characteristics in their cubicles, porches, classes, iwans and şadırvans gave rise to them having a respectable position in the society. It is commented that the madrassahs that are the symbol of classical Ottoman arcitecture have been retrograded later on. In the scope of madrassahs located in the Antalya region the importance and contribution of them, which have been improved as the reflection of the social changes and have been opened to changes with their internal/external dynamics, and their capability of being met the requirements of society have been examined and explained descriptively together with their contributions to educational mantality in our time.

Gamma-ray spectrometry for the self-attenuation correction factor of the sand samples from Antalya in Turkey

In this paper, we attempt to determine the self-attenuation correction factor for 37 different sand samples collected from Antalya region of Turkey with densities changing from 2.205 to 2.679 g \(\hbox {cm}^{-3}.\)Transmission method has been used in order to obtain self-attenuation correction factor in comparison with the air and ultrapure water samples for each case. Self-attenuation correction factor versus energy fit curve is obtained. While the self-attenuation correction factor has large values at low energies, it becomes smaller at high energies and tends to become constant thereafter.

ANALYZING SHORT (100 METERS) AND MIDDLE DISTANCE (800-1200 METERS) RUNNING AND COORDINATION VALUES ACCORDING TO SPORTS BRANCHES OF STUDENTS WHO TAKE ENTRANCE EXAMS TO SPORTS HIGH SCHOOL

In this study, the purpose was to determine the changes in accordance with running and coordination values of children who took the entrance examinations of sports high scholl in the 5 year period and assess them according to the branches as 100 and 800 meters running for female, 100 and 1200 meters running for men. In accordance with this aim, test values of total 1306 students (m = 1061, f = 245, average age = 14) who participated in entrance examinations in a 5 years duration including 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 years in the region of Antalya for sports high school were analyzed. As an statistical analyze, One way ANOVA and multiple comparison tests (which are LSD, Least Significant Difference tests) were used. As a result of statistical analyses, although the candidates who took the tests in the region of Antalya, change along 5 years duration, while obtaining a statistically significant difference in the running values of male children (p 0,05). Likewise, while obtaining a statistically significant difference in 100 meters running values of female children (p 0,05). In addition there was no any statistically significant difference in 100, 800 meters running values and coordination values of female children according to branches (p>0,05). Consequently, it can be suggested that there were no changes in speed times of both male and female children in along 5 years duration in region of Antalya. It can be inferred that while there is a significant change in values of running and coordination of males, the reason why female children were not able to show changes in their values should be because they show less imrovement in sports branches. In addition, male students in track and field branch gained the highest degrees both in 100 m and coordination tracks. Thus, it can be said that someone having good speed has good coordination too.

Antalya İlinde şarka virüs hastalığının belirlenmesi

This study was conducted in stone fruit trees in Antalya region in 2008-2011. In this respect, a survey was accomplished in stone fruit trees (apricot, plum, peach, cherry and nectarine) cultivated in Antalya city center, Aksu, Serik, Alanya, Manavgat, Gazipasa, Korkuteli, Elmali, Finike and Kas districts to evaluate the situation of Plum pox potyvirus, the agent of sharka disease. Samplings were conducted in both orchards and individual stone fruit trees. In the study, a total of 426 leaf samples were tested by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) serologic method. As a result of serologic tests, samples of nectarine trees obtained from a garden were only positive and these samples were sent to Ankara Plant Protection Central Research institute’s virology laboratory for verification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples by PCR tests were considered as PPV-infected.

9th millennium plant subsistence in the central Anatolian highlands: new evidence from Pınarbaşı, Karaman Province, central Anatolia

Plant macrofossil analysis, phytolith analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating at Pınarbaşı in central Anatolia confirm the presence and continuity of plant gathering practice as a key subsistence strategy from c. 9000–7700 cal BC. Results demonstrate the use of almond, terebinth and hackberry as food plants, similar to Palaeolithic/Epipalaeolithic subsistence strategies in the Antalya region. Crop and/or crop progenitor use is unsupported, with sporadic cereal macrofossils rare and shown by direct radiocarbon dating to be intrusive, a conclusion supported by the phytolith analysis. Seed exploitation is also rejected. Results confirm the presence of sedentary foragers from 9000 cal BC in central Anatolia, contemporary with the Levantine PPNA-Early PPNB, suggest a different plant subsistence focus to contemporary forager societies in the Fertile Crescent and indicate economic differences with contemporary sites in central Anatolia which were already cultivating crops.

Emergence and Spread of an All-Inclusive System in the Turkish Tourism Sector and Strategic Responses of Accommodation Firms

This study investigates the effect of environmental pressures on the emergence and spread of the all-inclusive system (AIS) in the Turkish tourism sector, and the strategic responses given by accommodation firms in the Antalya region. Accommodation firms face pressures from external actors (institutional perspective), while also being dependent on other organizations (resource dependence perspective) in ensuring the smooth performance of their activities under the conditions of high environmental uncertainty. An integrated perspective of neo-institutional theory and resource-dependence theory is employed to examine the national, institutional and organizational contexts that are assumed to be influential in the emergence and spread of AIS, with both qualitative and quantitative research methods being used. The major findings of the study indicate that economic and political changes in the national context; coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures in the institutional context; and strategic responses of accommodation firms to environmental pressures in the organizational context have been influential in the emergence and spread of AIS. The study concludes with a summary of the theoretical and practical implications, and suggestions for future research.

Identification of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein gene polymorphisms in Holstein cows reared in Antalya region of Turkey

Identification of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein gene polymorphisms in Holstein cows reared in Antalya region of Turkey

Identification of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) and bovine citrullinaemia (BC) alleles in Holstein cows reared in Antalya region

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) and bovine citrullinaemia (BC) are autosomal recessive genetic diseases in Holstein cattle breeds and both result in death of homozygous animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of BLAD and BC alleles in Holstein cows reared in the Antalya region of Turkey. In this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 504 Holstein breed randomly selected from the populations raised in different parts of Antalya. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to identify individuals with these diseases. To cut the target regions TaqI and AvaII restriction enzymes were used to investigate the BLAD and BC alleles, respectively. In this study, from a total of 504 samples examined, homozygous recessive (mutant) BLAD and BC alleles were not determined. In addition there was no BC carrier animal in the populations from the Antalya region but the frequency of BLAD carriers (heterozygous) were found to be 2% in the same populations.

Relationships Among Tourist Profile, Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty: Examining Empirical Evidences in Antalya Region of Turkey

The present study aims to make a contribution to the body of knowledge in destination management and marketing by improving understanding of the relationships among tourist profile, satisfaction, and loyalty. Drawing upon theoretical and empirical evidences in the relevant literature, three hypotheses were developed and tested. A survey of 10,393 foreign tourists visiting Antalya was carried out in the summer of 2008 and the data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent sample t test, and ANOVA. Research findings indicated that there were significant relationships among tourist profile, satisfaction, and loyalty. The article ends with theoretical and practical implications in predicting tourists' satisfaction and loyalty levels and increasing tourism marketing effectiveness of Antalya as a holiday destination.

Evaluation of Malaria Cases in Antalya between 2001 and 2011

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes to humans when an infected mosquito bites a person. In this research, we examined the epidemiology of malaria using the data provided by the Malaria Control Unit of the Infectious Disease Divison of Antalya Health Directory, from the years 2001 to 2011. The cases were evaluated according to age groups, gender, months and parasite species. During this period, a total of 131.989 blood samples were evaluated and 66 malaria cases (0.0005%) were reported, and the highest rate of cases occurred during September. Seventy-four percent (49) of malaria cases were male, 26% (17 cases) were female. The species of malaria parasites were recorded in 86% of cases, of which Plasmodium vivax was the most common (57 cases), with P. falciparum accounting for 14% of cases (9 cases). All P. falciparum cases were found to be imported cases coming to Antalya from other countries. Most of the malaria cases (78.8%) were 15 years old and over. We belived that our resarch contributes to the epidemiology of malaria and its prevention in Antalya region.

Organic facies of the Beydalar carbonate platform (Mesozoic), Western Taurus, Antalya, Turkey

Mesozoic carbonates are widespread in the Antalya region of south-west Turkey and have been studied in the outcrop. Mesozoic units include a Jurrasic/Cretaceous sequence that comprises, from bottom to top, the following stratigraphic sequence: BeydaAŸlarA± Formation (Jurrasic-Cretaceous) and CiAŸdemtepe Formation (Senonian). Detailed data from thick Mesozoic carbonates (BeydaAŸlarA± and CiAŸdemtepe Formations) made it possible to construct an organic facies framework using different zonations. Organic matter is composed predominantly of amorphous material, with a minor contribution of allochthonous terrestrial material. Kerogen in the deposite is primarily type II/III, as indicated by organic petrographic observations and Rock-Eval data. Total organic carbon content (TOC) of this deposit is less than 0.5% in different zonations of the BeydaAŸlarA± and CiAŸdemtepe Formations. Tmax values vary between 332 and 535°C, confirming the increase in maturation trends indicated by Rock-Eval data. Both organic petrographic and geochemical maturation parameters place the Mesozoic carbonates of the western Taurides (Antalya-SW Turkey) region within C-CD organic facies. According to this, the different types of kerogen observed fall dominantly in the C facies, with a poor capacity for liquid hydrocarbon generation. When seen in Mesozoic BeydaAŸlarA± carbonates, the organic matter is highly oxidized. Key words: Western Taurus, organic facies, source rock, Mesozoic.

The Longitudinal Study of Obesity Prevalence in Different Socio-Economic Status for School Children: A Case Study of Obesity Prevalence for School Children in Antalya Region

Purpose of Study: to investigate the obesity prevalence among school children in accordance with their gender and socio-economic levels during one year period. Four schools were chosen in accordance with their socialeconomic levels determined by the Ministry of National Education Directorate in Antalya for this study. Descriptive data were calculated for all variables. BMI was computed as kg/m2. Skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, subscapula and suprailliac) variables were measured to calculate fat (%) during one year for 7-8 years old school children. Each measurement was taken at the beginning of fall semester. Repeated measurements ANOVA and independent t test were used for statistical analyses. Girls had higher fat percentages than boys (p<.01). Students with high socio-economic status had higher BMI, fat (%), and body weight than students with low socio-economic status (p<.01). Except fat (%), all variables significantly increased during one year period. Recent studies showed higher child obesity prevalence in developing countries compared to the developed countries. However, the same situation was not observed for Turkey.

Genetic Comparison of Pinus brutia Ten. Populations from Different Elevations by RAPD Markers

Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) is an important forest tree species in Turkey for various economic and ecological reasons. In this study, nine RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers were used to determine genetic variation within and among populations of P. brutia located at the Duzlercami common-garden test site. This site was established in 1979 and includes six natural populations of P. brutia from two altitudinal transects extending from the coast to higher elevations in the Antalya region of Turkey. A total of 32 polymorphic RAPD loci were found in the analyzed six populations. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci among population samples equals 100%, mean number of alleles for each locus = 2.0, effective allele number = 1.71, Shannon’s information index = 0.58, and mean Nei (1973)’s gene diversity value = 0.4. According to GST results, a high proportion of genetic diversity (95-99%) is found within populations. A relatively high genetic differentiation was found among altitudinal population pairs in both transect. Also, data on quantitative traits (total height and/or diameter) at different ages (13, 17, 30 years) were compared with molecular data. There are similarities between the results obtained from RAPD markers and those obtained from the quantitative traits. The differentiation in quantitative traits appears to be due to local adaptation of populations. Data suggest that priority should be given to the selection of material based on geographic origin along the altitudinal gradients of P. brutia populations to conserve the genetic resource of species.

The effect of seasonal differences on prognostic factors in Turkish patients with breast cancer

Several studies have shown that solar light affects the prognosis of breast cancer. This effect is mostly associated with vitamin D. In-vitro studies showed that vitamin D analogs change the receptor expression in breast cancer cell lines. In our study, we studied the effect of solar light on prognostic factors of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer from two different regions of Turkey were included in the study. These regions have different seasonal features and solar light exposures. Nine hundred and eighty-six patients were from the Akdeniz University Medical Faculty of Antalya region, and 463 patients were from the Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Kayseri region. The Antalya region has warm climate and more solar light exposure. The Kayseri region has relatively colder climate and less solar light exposure. When histological features are considered, the estrogen and progesterone receptor expressions were higher in the Kayseri group, and a significant difference was observed for the progesterone receptor (P=0.013). No significant difference was observed for the estrogen receptor but a significant trend was observed (P=0.056). No significant difference was observed in CerbB2 expression between groups. There were significant differences for histological and nuclear grade (P<0.001 and P=0.002). The ratio of histological grade 3 was higher in the Kayseri group and the ratio of nuclear grade 1 was higher in the Antalya group. Our study showed that, due to seasonal differences, solar light exposure leads to significant changes in prognostic factors for breast cancer. This result may be interpreted as the reflection of in-vitro findings in a clinical setting and may be accepted as one of the first such reports in the literature.