Antalya Region Research Articles

Drought classification using gradient boosting decision tree

This paper compares the classification and prediction capabilities of decision tree (DT), genetic programming (GP), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBT) techniques for one-month ahead prediction of standardized precipitation index in Ankara province and standardized precipitation evaporation index in central Antalya region. The evolved models were developed based on multi-station prediction scenarios in which observed (reanalyzed) data from nearby stations (grid points) were used to predict drought conditions in a target location. To tackle the rare occurrence of extreme dry/wet conditions, the drought series at the target location was categorized into three classes of wet, normal, and dry events. The new models were trained and validated using the first 70% and last 30% of the datasets, respectively. The results demonstrated the promising performance of GBT for meteorological drought classification. It provides better performance than DT and GP in Ankara; however, GP predictions for Antalya were more accurate in the testing period. The results also exhibited that the proposed GP model with a scaled sigmoid function at root can effortlessly classify and predict the number of dry, normal, and wet events in both case studies.

Evaluation of the irrigation schemes in the Antalya region

Bu çalışmada, Antalya bölgesinde bulunan 13 sulama şebekesi 2006-2016 yıllarına ait 11 yıllık veriler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada su dağıtım, finansal ve tarımsal etkinlik göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Sulama şebekelerinin performanslarının belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılmasında korelasyon analizi, temel bileşenler analizi yapılmış ve sulama şebekelerinin kalite indeksleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan performans değerlendirilmesinde her bir göstergeye ait 11 yıllık veri kullanılarak ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu verilere göre sulama oranı en yüksek %82.21 ile Korkuteli sulamasında, birim sulanan alana dağıtılan toplam sulama suyu miktarı en düşük 5532.32 m3 ha-1 ile Mursal sulamasında bulunmuştur. Su temin oranı 3.74 ile en yüksek Alara sulamasında, fayda masraf oranı 0.76 olarak en düşük Manavgat sulamasında, birim sulanan alan üretim değeri 1855.53 $ ha-1 ile en yüksek Çıplaklı sulamasında gerçekleşmiştir. Birim şebekeye alınan sulama suyu üretim değeri en yüksek 2.90 $ m-3 ile Çıplaklı sulamasında hesaplanmıştır. Tüm performans göstergeleri faktör analizi kullanılarak tek bir sayıya (kalite indeksi değeri) indirgenmiştir. Bu indekse göre sulama şebekeleri, başarı sıralamasına tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan kalite indeksi sıralamasında Korkuteli sulaması 1523.91 ile ilk sırada yer alırken Manavgat sulaması -514.38 ile son sırada yer almıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sulama şebekelerinin başarısına en fazla tarımsal etkinlik göstergelerinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

MODERATOR ROLE OF GENDER IN THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY BEHAVIOUR IN HOTEL EMPLOYEES

The primary purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the moderator role of gender in the effect of the environmental commitment of hotel business employees on environmental responsibility behaviour. The Scanning Method was applied in the study. The sampling of the study consisted of 397 employees working in five-star hotel businesses in the Antalya region between September and October 2019. The Questionnaire form was preferred as the data collection tool in the study. The data obtained as a result of the study were subjected to statistical analyses. These analyses were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that the environmental commitment levels of employees in hotel businesses had a positive and moderate effect on environmental responsibility behaviour. It was also found that gender had a moderator role in the effect of environmental commitment in employees on environmental responsibility behaviour.

Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Transfüzyon Merkezi’ne başvuran donörlerde ABO ve Rhesus (Rh) kan grupları dağılımının araştırılması

Amaç: Bölgemizdeki ABO ve Rhesus (Rh) kan grubu dağılımını belirleyerek transfüzyon tıbbı uygulamalarımıza ve ülkemizin kan grubu veri tabanına katkı sağlamayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Transfüzyon Merkezi’ne 01.01.2013 ile 01.09.2019 tarihleri arasında başvuran donörlerin ABO ve Rh kan grubu bilgileri retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Birden fazla bağışta bulunan donörlerin tek kan grubu verisi dahil edildi. Kan grupları kolon aglutinasyon yöntemi ile saptandı. Bulgular: Başvurusu kabul edilen 15.997 donörden 10.867 donörün kan grubu çalışmaya alındı. Donörler 10.335 (% 95.10) erkek ve 532 (% 4.90) kadından oluşmakta ve yaş aralığı 37.38 ± 9.52 idi. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre 4.676 (% 43.0) kişi A kan grubu, 3.750 (% 34.9) kişi O kan grubu, 1.695 (%15.6) kişi B kan grubu, 706 (% 6.5) kişi AB kan grubu olarak saptanırken, 9.830 kişi (% 90.5) Rh (+) ve 1.037 kişi (% 9.5) Rh (-) olarak saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları ülkemizin ABO ve Rh kan grubu dağılımı ile uyum göstermiştir. Ülkemiz genelinde olduğu gibi A kan grubu oranı en yüksek iken onu 0, B ve AB kan grupları izlemiştir. Antalya bölgesinde ilk kez yapılan çalışmamızın sonuçlarının transfüzyon tıbbı uygulamalarımıza, ülkemizin kan grupları dağılımı veri tabanına ve bilimsel çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Technology towards hotel competitiveness: Case of Antalya, Turkey

Abstract The main goal of the paper is to identify the perception of technology by managers of five-star hotels located in Antalya region (Turkey). The managerial perception in the following contexts is discussed in detail: the enterprise, the employees, the managers and the competitiveness of hotel entities. The selection of such research area was determined by the fact that Antalya is one of the top Turkish tourist destinations, with international profile of visitors and intense hotel competition. The following three types of hotels were investigated: hotels affiliated with international chains, hotels affiliated with national brands and independent enterprises. Furthermore, 12 selected general managers were interviewed regarding the above-mentioned hotel types. The results confirmed that managers of internationally affiliated hotels are more focused on increasing their employees’ skills and competencies compared to managers of independent entities.

TÜKETİCİLERİN ÇEVRE DOSTU TUTUMLARININ YEŞİL OTEL TERCİHLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ANTALYA İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA*

Günümüzde çevresel kirliliğin ve küresel ısınmanın artması tüketicilerde çevreye karşı bir hassasiyet oluşturmaktadır. Bu hassasiyet, tüketicilerin satın alma davranışları sırasında ürün ve hizmetlerin çevresel etkilerine dikkat etmelerine neden olabilmektedir. Turizm işletmeleri, tüketicilerde artan bu hassasiyete karşı kayıtsız kalmamak ve aynı zamanda rakiplerinden farklılaşmak için, yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarına yönelmektedir. Çevre dostu faaliyetlerin uygulandığı turizm işletmeleri yeşil ya da çevre dostu oteller olarak farklılaşmış ve tüketicilerin hizmetine sunulmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin çevre dostu otellere yönelik düşünceleri ve satın alma davranışı sırasında yeşil otellerde kalma niyetleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma, Antalya bölgesinde yeşil otellerde konaklayan müşteriler üzerinde yürütülmüştür ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan anket tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Antalya bölgesindeki yeşil yıldıza sahip beş yıldızlı otellerde konaklayan 227 müşteriden toplanan veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çevre dostu otellere yönelik düşünceleri ve kalma niyetleri arasında istatistiksel ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcılar açısından bakıldığında turizm işletmelerinde uygulanan yeşil pazarlama stratejilerinin tüketici satın alma davranışları üzerinde olumlu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting Employee Performance According to Job Performance Measurement Method: The Case of Performing Artists

There are many factors that may affect employees’ job performance such as psychological, sociological, anthropological, demographic and similar. However, related literature was mainly focusing on psychological and demographic ones, which were often analyzed through different job performance measurement methods such as self-evaluation and supervisor (or superior) evaluation. The main goal of the current study is to define and compare the factors affecting employee’s job performance according to the above mentioned measurement methods, as well as their level of importance. For the purpose of this study, data were collected through survey conducted in the Antalya region in Turkey among 305 participants coming from seven countries and consisting of both employees and supervisors working for a performing artists organization company. Data were analyzed by using CHAID analysis through classification algorithms. Results show there is a difference between variables explaining the job performance of the employees when they do self-evaluation of their own performance than when the same is done by their supervisors. Nationality is one of the factors affecting performance in both evaluation forms. While the performance of individuals with extraversion personality traits was high in case of self-evaluation, the performance of the men who were second-born or after was high in the evaluation by the supervisors. These results demonstrated the problematic nature of measuring job performance and making accurate evaluations based on it.

Comparison of wavelet and empirical mode decomposition hybrid models in drought prediction

Drought is a major area of interest within the field of water resources management, agriculture, energy resources and community health. Recently researchers have examined not only the mathematical expression of drought indices but also statistical predictions. Accordingly, high accuracy results were obtained using stand-alone machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM). However, lately, hybrid models have been introduced, which are created by integrating different time series decomposition techniques into standalone models, since the accuracy of stand-alone models used in the drought prediction being low particularly for mid-term and long-term drought predictions. In this study, self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) values were predicted by using three different standalone models and six hybrid models which are performed by two different decomposition techniques, such as Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Wavelet decomposition (WD). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of using EMD and WD for decomposing time series into their sub-bands on drought prediction. sc-PDSI time series were used to achieve 1, 3 and 6-month lead time predictions for Adana and Antalya cities located in the southern part of Turkey. Model performance indicators such as mean square error (MSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and determination coefficient (R2) were employed to compare the proposed models. The results revealed that the accuracy of the stand-alone models, particularly in mid-term sc-PDSI predictions, was unsatisfactory. However, the prediction accuracy has been increased significantly with the introduction of EMD and WD techniques. Considering the Adana region, the hybrid wavelet models outperformed the models hybridized by EMD for not only 1-month lead time (NSEWD-ANFIS = 0.981 and NSEEMD-M5 = 0.890), but also for 3-month (NSEWD-SVM = 0.878 and NSEEMD-ANFIS = 0.811) and 6-month (NSEWD-ANFIS = 0.857 and NSEEMD-ANFIS = 0.783) lead times. According to the obtained results for Antalya region, similar findings were also observed among hybrid models. Thus, it is concluded that the predictions made using WD have higher accuracy than EMD, and the correct wavelet type selection has a significant effect on the results.

Otel Çalışanlarında Zorunlu Vatandaşlık Davranışı İş ile Aile Çatışması İlişkisi: Çoklu Grup Analiziyle Cinsiyete Göre Bir Karşılaştırma

Work-family conflict is closely related to many variables such as employee psychological, physical health, life satisfaction, organizational commitment and performance. Therefore, it is important to identify the determinants of work-family conflict. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the employees' compulsory citizenship behavior influences work-family conflict and whether the perception of work-family conflict differs according to gender. A fivestar hotel in the Belek region of Antalya is the universe of the research. Data were collected from a total of 227 participants working in the hotel in July 2019 with a convenience sampling method and self-assessment questionnaires. SPSS and AMOS 23.0 programs were used in the analysis of the data. Structural model was used to test the research hypotheses. As a result of the analyzes, it was seen that compulsory citizenship behavior significantly and positively affected the workfamily conflict. In addition, it was determined by multigroup analysis that the positive relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and work-family conflict was stronger for females.

Factors affecting success in natural regeneration works of cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) In Kas region of Antalya

Plants are living things that form the basis of food pyramid, provide numerous products and are considered as the source of life. Many professions such as agriculture, forestry and landscaping work on plant growing. The fast growth of plants is of prime importance since it provides advantage in light and root competition in the areas where plants are grown. For this reason, it is highly important to identify the factors affecting plant development and to change these factors in favour of the target species. In order to achieve this, first of all, the factors affecting the development of the target species in the study area should be known. In this study, which was carried out in the natural regeneration areas of Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) found in the Kasaba Forest Sub-District Directorate in Kas region of Antalya, and was prepared as a term project, 3-year-old young cedars naturally grown in different stands were compared in terms of their root collar diameters, seedling length and number of seedlings, and the factors affecting the natural regeneration success were tried to be identified by factor analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the average root collar diameter was between 2.5 and 4.7 mm, the average seedling length was between 4.5 and 11.3 cm, and the average number of young cedars per square meter was between 6 and 47. When the factors affecting the natural regeneration success were examined, it was found that the factors such as soil moisture, precipitation, amount of organic matter, light intensity and number of healthy seeds were the most important factors that played a role in this success, and that those factors explained 78.32% of the total variance.

Assessment of groundwater contamination risk with scenario analysis of hazard quantification for a karst aquifer in Antalya, Turkey

Karst aquifers usually have high vulnerability to groundwater pollution. This study aims to assess the risk of groundwater contamination in karst aquifers by two index overlay methods of intrinsic vulnerability (COP and PI) and to discuss the importance of hazard index values on risk assessment. Altinova region of Antalya, with intensive agricultural activities, was chosen as the pilot study area (PSA) for application. Seasonal monitoring studies were conducted at 25 sampling wells for many water quality parameters in addition to soil characteristics and depth to groundwater. The areas for low, moderate and high levels of vulnerability and risk were determined, where more than 90% of the PSA was classified as having moderate to very high vulnerability levels according to COP and PI methods. For validation of risk analysis results, nitrate concentrations were correlated with risk intensity values. Both methods were successful to assess the vulnerability and risk to groundwater pollution with high correlation. In addition, the impacts of hazard index values on groundwater pollution risk were investigated for two scenario conditions which represent the increase in the relative amount of pollutants caused by the greenhouses. As a result, the karstic part of the PSA was assessed to have a high risk of groundwater contamination by the COP method, where immediate control measures are necessary. In conclusion, the selection of suitable vulnerability methods for karst aquifers and assignment of realistic hazard index values are highly effective on risk analysis results to represent the actual conditions.

Macro litter distribution of the Turkish Mediterranean coasts dominated by pleasure crafts

Litters are the most pollutants in progress of the interests in marine environments. Macro litter samples were collected from 66 stations to estimate litter contribution from pleasure crafts along bays of the most Turkish touristic coasts (Antalya-Muğla) by the divers in June/July 2019. Average abundance and weight were 19 items/km2 and 18 kg/km2, respectively. The most abundant litter was plastics and the most contributors in weight were metals, followed by glass/ceramics. Abundance of the litters increased with number of pleasure crafts in active in summer. Pleasure crafts contributed most abundantly with the personal wares to the total litter, particularly in the coasts of Muğla. Litters were differentiated with interaction of region × bottom depths. The litter composition and abundance were different between region of Antalya in active mostly by tour boats and region of Muğla by private yachts. The litter types were however correlated with sea surface temperature.

Determination of chemical parameters and storage stability of extra virgin olive oil extracted by Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit

The effects of storage time on the stability and quality of cold press extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) extracted from cv. Tavşan Yüreği locally grown in Antalya Region of Anatolia was investigated. The Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy) was designed and used for the monocultivar olive oil production. Changes on the free fatty acid, peroxide value, UV absorption values, total phenol content, phenolic and tocopherol profiles, and sensory properties of EVOO samples were determined for 12 months. Results showed that fresh “Tavşan Yüreği” EVOO was classified as EVOO declared by the International Olive Council (IOC) standards-based in terms of chemical and sensory properties. It had a sensory profile with an equilibrated taste of intense fruitiness and medium bitterness and pungency at the end of one year. Although positive attributes (fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency) slightly decreased, color values of EVOO changed from green to yellow. Although total phenols content of EVOO samples were 385.27 ± 0.908 ppm at the beginning of storage, it decreased to 327.58 ± 0.212 ppm after a year storing. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and its content decreased by 14% at the end of storage, while tyrosol content of EVOO increased from 12 to 36.17 ppm. After twelve months, α-tocopherol contents decreased 22.38%. Using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit increased oxidative stability and quality of extracted EVOO.

The impact of economic and political crises on the survival of tourism-related firms: Evidence from Antalya

This article examines the effects of economic and political crises on the survival of 7115 tourism-related firms (hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and spas) in the Antalya region between 2000 and 2016. Using a discrete-time hazards model, we show that tourism-related firms exhibit lower survival rates during times of crisis. We have also found that age, size and legal form increase survival rates. In addition, firms in tourism locations specialized subregions and subregions with higher entry rates have lower chances of survival, whereas firms in tourism destinations with large markets have higher chances to survive. Our empirical analysis suggests that hotels and travel agencies are more sensitive to macroeconomic and political shocks than other tourism-related businesses like restaurants and spas.

Metals from Caves: The Significance of the Metal Finds from Karain and Kılıçini Caves Within the Context of the Later Prehistory of the Antalya Region

Antalya yakinlarinda Katran Dagi eteklerin­de yer alan bir dizi magara Paleolitik donemi takiben, Holo­sen cag boyunca da (Neolitik – Erken Tunc Cagi arasi) yogun kullanim izleri barindirmalari acisindan unik bir karakter sergilemektedir. Bu bolgede yer alan Ka­ra­in ve Kilicini magaralari da bu baglamda onemli ve­riler sunan yerlesimler arasindadir. Her iki maga­rada ele gecen metal eserler Gec Kalkolitik ve Erken Tunc Cagi boyunca magaralarin kullanimlarina yeni bakis acilari kazandirmak yaninda, bolgesel ve bolge­le­rarasi iliskilere de isik tutmaktadir. Mevcut verileri iki farkli acidan degerlendirmeyi amaclayan bu calis­ma, bir yan­dan metal eserleri tipolojik ve fonksiyonel acidan ele alarak bolgesel ve bolgelerarasi iliskiler aci­sindan degerlendirmeyi ve bolgenin metal endustrisi icinde dog­ru baglama oturtmayi; diger yandan yine bu eser­ler ve diger arkeolojik kanitlar isiginda, magarala­rin bu donemlerde, pek de alisildik olmayan bicimde, yo­gun bir sekilde tercih edilmesinin ardinda yatan ne­den­lere dair bazi bakis acilari sunmayi amaclamaktadir.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Antalya Region

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Antalya Region

Dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) of Anatolia: A multi-isotopic approach

This paper presents the results of isotopic analysis for dietary reconstruction of humans and animal remains from several prehistoric (3500–2000 BCE) populations in Anatolia. The investigated sites are İkiztepe (north Anatolia, Samsun region, on the Black Sea coast), Titriş Höyük (south east Anatolia, Urfa region), Bademağacı (south Anatolia, Antalya region), and Bakla Tepe (south west Anatolia, in the İzmir region). This research utilises the results of stable isotope analyses of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and sulphur (δ34S) in bone collagen from over 200 human and animal samples in conjunction with published archaeological, archaeobotanical, and archaeozoological data (where present) to address this issue. This study, for the first time, has permitted a wider observation of Early Bronze Age dietary habits and subsistence strategies across the region, as well as examining the nature of dietary habits on an intra- and inter-site level, and temporally across the 3rd millennium BC. The results show that during the EBA in Anatolia there was a general degree of homogeneity in dietary habits at an intra- and inter-site and regional level and across the millennium of the EBA with diets being predominantly terrestrial C3 based.

Oregano and/or marjoram: Traditional oil production and ethnomedical utilization of Origanum species in southern Turkey

Oregano synonymous with marjoram is a culinary and medicinal herb. Oregano is generally rich in the phenolic monoterpenoids (mainly carvacrol) while marjoram is generally rich in bicyclic monoterpenoids (mainly cis- and trans-sabinen hydrate). In this study, traditional oil production and ethnomedical utilization of plant products are presented from the Antalya region in southern Turkey. The native people harvest species from wild populations and air-dry them under the sun. They consume and sell mainly air-dried Origanum onites (Turkish oregano) leaves. They obtain essential oil traditionally by steam distillation from Origanum majorana (white marjoram) due to its high oil yield. The native people use dried plant material and essential oil to cure various diseases such as cough, chronic cold, wounds, gastrointestinal disorders and skin problems in humans as well as in domestic animals. Wild-crafting of populations may cause genetic erosion of the species. The sustainability of these species should be maintained by genetic resource conservation programs by in situ and ex situ conservation strategies.

Devam Bağlılığı, Presenteeism ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma - The Relationship Between Continuance Commitment, Presenteeism and Turnover Intention: A Research on Five Star Hotel Enterprises

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between continuance commitment, presenteeism and turnover intention. This research was conducted using descriptive model. The sample of the study consisted of 407 employees in eight different five star hotels in Antalya region between May and July 2017. Survey technique was used as data collection technique in the research. The questionnaire form consists of four parts: Demographic variables are in the first chapter, “presenteeism” scale is in the second chapter, “continuance commitment” scale is in the third chapter, “turnover intention” scale is in the fourth chapter. The data obtained from the research were subjected to statistical analysis. These analyzes are frequency distribution, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. As a result of regression analysis, it was determined that the level of continuance commitment of the employees had a weak positive effect on the dimension of the presenteeism's inability to avoid distraction. In addition, it was found that the level of inability to avoid distractions had a weak positive effect on the turnover intention.

Testing Destination Image Scale Invariance Among British, German and Russian Tourists: A Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Researchers agree that destination image is a multi-dimensional and complex structure of attitude. Social psychology suggests that attitudes are composed of affective, cognitive, and conative components. This study contributes to literature with (i) scale development integrating 3 explanatory dimensions of destination image; (ii) utilization of item parceling technique enabling extended depth with sub scales and (iii) by providing supporting evidence with multigroup confirmatory factor analysis that this measurement scale is invariant thus applicable for 3 nationalities namely British, German and Russian tourist. This empirical study provides clarity to number and definition of dimensions with an integrated scale invariant for three nationalities. The survey is carried in summer 2017 at Antalya Airport with a total of 1495 British, German and Russian respondents visiting Antalya region for holiday purposes.