Regions Of Tamil Nadu Research Articles

Evaluation of water quality and heavy metal contamination in Cauvery River: Tamil Nadu region India

Abstract Comprehensive water quality control is a fundamental requirement for environmental preservation and the sustainable development of communities around the globe. To showcase the importance of local quality controls in identifying the sources of pollution, a case study was conducted to analyze the quality of drinking water from different locations along the Cauvery River from Mettur to Trichy (200 km) in Tamil Nadu, India. The quality of water samples from different locations was indexed and compared with the World Health Organization and Indian Standards of water quality. The results indicate some high local values of TDS, hardness, and chloride content. These high values may be due to effluents from industries, dying factories, and sewage from the urban areas on the banks of the Cauvery River. This is most prevalent near Mohanur, where industrial waste and effluents were directly linked into the river. The results emphasize the importance of local quality control for accurately pinpointing the factors affecting the environment.

Assessment of local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLS) for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) mammography in Tamil Nadu, India.

The purpose of this study was to assess local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) mammography in India. Data from 1500 women were collected from five different mammography facilities in major cities in Tamil Nadu, India. The mean of mean glandular dose were used to arrive at an LDRL. The noted mean compressed breast thickness was 55.26±3.4. The recorded mean MGDs for the five centres were 3.1±0.1 and 3.8±0.2mGy for FFDM and DBT, respectively. The 75th percentile value for all five centers is 3.3 and 4.0mGy for FFDM and DBT, respectively. The LDRLs found in the current study were also compared with those from earlier studies conducted in other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Malaysia, Morocco, and Ghana. The present study is the first of its kind to determine the LDRL for the FFDM and DBT scanners operating in the Tamil Nadu region, India, and is proposed as a starting point that will allow professionals to evaluate and optimize their practice. Furthermore, similar studies in other regions of India are necessary in order to establish National DRLs.

Principal Component Analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties for three seasons in Annamalai Nagar, an east coast region of Tamil Nadu

Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess genetic variability and identify key yield-contributing traits among 50 rice genotypes evaluated over three seasons under saline conditions. The study aimed to select promising donor lines for developing salt-tolerant, high-yielding cultivars suitable for coastal regions. PCA identified three principal components (PCs) that explained 73.19%, 70.34%, and 64.81% of the total genetic variation in seasons 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Key plant attributes, such as grain yield per plant, panicle grain density, total tiller number, and productive tiller count, showed significant positive associations with PC1 across various growth stages, underscoring their crucial role in explaining the genetic diversity among the genotypes. Plant height, panicle length, and hundred-grain weight also emerged as major contributors to variation. The PCA biplots consistently demonstrated positive correlations between grain yield and traits like panicle length, hundred-grain weight, and tillering ability. In contrast, days to 50% flowering exhibited a negative association with yield. Genotypes G10, G49, G36, G41, G9, G4, G22, and G21 displayed favourable combinations of grain yield per plant, identifying them as potential donor lines for breeding programs aimed at improving rice yield and associated agronomic traits. This comprehensive PCA analysis highlights the effectiveness of the approach in capturing genotypic diversity and guiding the selection of promising germplasm for targeted trait improvement in rice.

Framework for strategic deployment of hybrid offshore solar and wind power plants: A case study of India

Renewable energy sources are gaining prominence as eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels due to their availability and minimal greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the critical challenge is the availability of renewable resources, which fluctuates with changes in climatic conditions. This limitation poses a consistent challenge to generating base load power if it relies solely on a single type of renewable resource. Addressing this, integrating multiple renewable sources into hybrid systems has emerged as a viable solution. This study presents a framework, integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques to identify plausible locations for the deployment of Hybrid Offshore Solar and Wind Power Plants (HOSWPP) and the developed framework is demonstrated considering Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as a study area. Using the proposed approach, Indian EEZ region is classified into five suitability classes. The effectiveness of regions within each class is further assessed in terms of complementarity measured using Kendall's coefficient. Findings suggested that Kendall's coefficient for highly suitable class is −0.41 indicating the regions identified in this study are the prime locations for installing HOSWPP. A total of twenty optimal sites for HOSWPP deployment, predominantly in the offshore regions of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Eighteen sites are located along Kanyakumari to Thisayanvilai in Tamil Nadu, including areas in the Gulf of Mannar and near Valinokkam are found plausible. The rest of the two sites are in the offshore regions of Gujarat. This study provides a strategic roadmap to increase the renewable footprint, contributing to the global transition towards cleaner energy sources.

A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude, and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending a primary health care center in the rural region of Tamil Nadu

A cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude, and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending a primary health care center in the rural region of Tamil Nadu

Impact of Nesting Materials on Breeding Success of Selected Avian Fauna: A Case Study from Agro-Ecosystem, Cauvery Deltaic Region of Tamil Nadu, Southern India

Impact of Nesting Materials on Breeding Success of Selected Avian Fauna: A Case Study from Agro-Ecosystem, Cauvery Deltaic Region of Tamil Nadu, Southern India

Experiences of Faculty in Nursing Colleges: A Descriptive Phenomenology Study

The future of patient care is being paved by nurse educators, who mentor, teach, and inspire the next generation of novice nurses. Without them, aspiring nurses wouldn't be prepared to handle the constantly shifting needs of the modern, dynamic healthcare system. Nursing faculty needs to be knowledgeable and competent in evidence-based practice, informatics, quality improvement, inter-professional teamwork, and patient-centred care that are delivered with a focus on a culture of safety. As nursing faculties perform multidimensional work with balancing their home environment can create chaos in their life. Hence this aspect lit a spark within us to conduct a qualitative study on Nursing facultiesof southern region of Tamilnadu to analyse their work experiences. Further the study was led by in-depth face to face interview by using semi structured questionnaires. The data saturation was attained with sixteen participants. Colaizzi’s method was incorporated to analyse the data from the nursing faculty. This qualitative study lead a hand for us to showcase various themes like daily routine, job satisfaction, work life balance, interpersonal relationship and difficulties and challenges. There were also various subthemes which gave us insight on work atmosphere of the staff. Hence this study gave us an in-depth knowledge and understanding of individual nursing faculty and improvement so that the work balance could be maintained.

Imprints of seawater intrusion on groundwater quality of coastal region of Pudukkottai district, India: An integrated approach

Climate change and groundwater overexploitation endanger the sustainability of groundwater in India, particularly in the coastal region of Tamil Nadu. The increasing population, agricultural and industrial development, raised the demand for groundwater in the Coastal area of Pudukottai District, Tamil Nadu. Seawater intrusion establishes a challenging environment for freshwater management in coastal areas. A total of 64 groundwater samples were collected from different places, including borewells and open wells. The seawater intrusion is evaluated using the statistical method and physiochemical analysis such as water indices, ionic ratio and hydrochemical facies. As per the results of the groundwater quality index, 93% of the samples were not suitable for drinking as the examined parameter exceeded the Indian Standards. Piper’s diagram classify the Coastal groundwater into mixed Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Na<sup>+</sup>-HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>- HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>-</sup> type as the dominant. As per the seawater mixing index, 78% of the groundwater samples were affected by seawater intrusion. Further, the results of the ionic ratio (Na<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>/HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) identify the salinization influence in the groundwater. The thematic maps created with the QGIS platform effectively to define the area of seawater intrusion. This study contributes to establishing a firm basis for decision-makers to enhance coastal groundwater management.

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices among Farmer Members of Farmer Producer Companies in Different Agroclimatic Regions of Tamil Nadu, India

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices among Farmer Members of Farmer Producer Companies in Different Agroclimatic Regions of Tamil Nadu, India

Screening of Bird's Eye Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) for the Growth, Floral, Yield and Quality Traits in the Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu, India

Screening of Bird's Eye Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) for the Growth, Floral, Yield and Quality Traits in the Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu, India

Management Practices of Buffalo Farmers in Rural Areas of Tirunelveli Region of Tamil Nadu

Management Practices of Buffalo Farmers in Rural Areas of Tirunelveli Region of Tamil Nadu

Kongunadu: A Tapestry of History, Culture and Legacy

Kongunadu, a prominent region in Tamil Nadu, boasts a rich historical, cultural, and environmental tapestry. This synopsis delves into its multifaceted aspects, including geographical features like Kurinji, Mullai, and Marut, which contribute to its fertile land and abundant water sources. Known as the ‘country of Kongu,’ it is celebrated for producing precious beads and gems, symbolizing its wealth and natural bounty. The term 'Kongu,' originating from Sangam literature, embodies various meanings—from honey and wine to forest, fragrance, and gold—reflecting the region’s diverse resources and cultural significance. Additionally, Kongunadu serves as the eastern frontier (Kongu > Kongu), encapsulating its geographical orientation. Culturally, Kongunadu is depicted as the ‘shelter’ of the Yavanas in ancient texts, highlighting its role as a cultural melting pot and trading hub. The Northeast Monsoon, locally referred to as ‘Konga Rain,’ plays a pivotal role in the region’s agriculture and livelihoods, further shaping its socio-economic fabric.

First Report of Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infesting Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in India through Morphological and Molecular Insight

Background: Red spider mite, Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) infests many agriculture and horticulture crops in India, but to date it had not been found damaging cultivated groundnut. During 2022-23, the incidence of this species was high in many groundnut growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Identification of the species is highly essential for effective management of the particular pest. Hence, the aim of this research was to identify the mite species infesting groundnut crop and describe the damage caused. Methods: Survey was carried out all over Tamil Nadu and samples of mite infested groundnut leaves were collected from field based on damage symptoms, observed and examined under Stereo zoom microscope, microslides were prepared using Hoyer’s medium and taxonomic characters were studied under phase contrast microscope. Molecular analysis was done by genomic DNA isolation, PCR amplification, sequencing and BLAST performed to check the identity with GenBank Sequences. ITS2 primer was used. Result: Red spider mite species, T. truncatus was identified first time in groundnut through both morphological characters and molecular tools. Female: Idiosomal setae longer than the interval between their longitudinal bases and gradually tapers distally. Diamond- shaped pattern of striae between e1 and f1 setal bases. Tarsus I with 4 tactile setae proximal to proximal duplex setae. Male: Aedeagus with tiny terminal knob, apparently truncate with a slight indentation on the dorsal margin.

Occurrence, Clinical Presentation of Amphistomosis affected dairy cattle in the Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu

Occurrence, Clinical Presentation of Amphistomosis affected dairy cattle in the Cauvery Delta Region of Tamil Nadu

Incidence of microplastics in Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India

In the present study, the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gut, gill, and muscle of edible fish Stolephorus indicus sampled from Tuticorin coastal regions of Tamilnadu, India was investigated. We recorded a total of 689 MPs which includes 510 and 179 MPs from males and females respectively. The total abundance of MPs was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the gut followed by gills and muscle. The sex-wise distribution of average MPs showed high in the females' gut and compared to that in males. Further, the length wise distribution of MPs was higher in the muscle in both male and female fish, followed by other organs. The predominance of MPs in tissues were transparent and blue colour with fibers and fragments in both males and females. Besides, polyethylene terephthalate and nylon were evidenced by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum in all organs of fishes.

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Tamil Nadu State, India: A Comprehensive Umbrella Analysis

ABSTRACT Dental caries is a major public health concern among other oral diseases in most developing and industrialized countries, particularly in those nations where preventative programs have not yet been developed. Adults and the elderly population in Tamil Nadu also face significant challenges related to dental caries beyond children and adolescents. This systematic review examined the comprehensive epidemiology of dental caries in all age groups in Tamil Nadu. The articles were collected using various electronic databases. From the 4509 initially collected articles, 22 articles were chosen for the current umbrella analysis. The collective dental caries prevalence for Tamil Nadu state, India, from 22 studies with 33,584 study participants was 42.8%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 42.3–43.4%. Among the four regions of Tamil Nadu, Eastern Tamil Nadu showed the highest dental caries prevalence of 82.2%. Thus, the strategies by the government of Tamil Nadu should focus on raising awareness about improving oral hygiene practices, seeking access to timely oral healthcare treatments, and strengthening the oral healthcare infrastructure.

Perceptiveness and Attitude on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dentistry among Dentists and Non-Dentists - A Regional Survey

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool in modern medicine and the digital world. AI can help dentists diagnose oral diseases, design treatment plans, monitor patient progress and automate administrative tasks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perception and attitude on use of artificial intelligence in dentistry for diagnosis and treatment planning among dentists and non-dentists’ population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional online survey conducted using 20 close ended questionnaire google forms which were circulated among the dentists and non -dentists population of south Tamil Nadu region in India. The data collected from 264 participants (dentists -158, non-dentists -106) within a limited time frame were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: 70.9% of dentists are aware of artificial intelligence in dentistry. 40.5% participants were not aware of AI in caries detection but aware of its use in interpretation of radiographs (43.9%) and in planning of orthognathic surgery (42.4%) which are statistically significant P &lt; 0.05.44.7% support clinical experience of a human doctor better than AI diagnosis. Dentists of 54.4% agree to support AI use in dentistry. Conclusion: The study concluded AI use in dentistry knowledge is more with dentists and perception of AI in dentistry is optimistic among dentists than non -dentists, majority of participants support AI in dentistry as an adjunct tool to diagnosis and treatment planning.

Mitigating of waterlogging associated problems by the management practices in the rice ecosystem of the Deltaic zone of Tamil Nadu

Cauvery Delta is the major rice-growing tract of Tamil Nadu. Continuous waterlogging is inevitable in the delta region due to unexpected heavy rain, leading to stunted crop growth and poor soil conditions. The present study aimed to alleviate the waterlogging-associated problems of stunted growth, crop nutrition deficiency, heavy algal growth and poor soil aeration issues in the heavy clayey soils of deltaic region of Tamil Nadu. Field experiments were laid out with the treatments viz., CuSO4,, (5kg/ha) (T1), Gypsum (500 kg/ha) (T2), Conoweeding+Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation(AWDI) (T3), microbial consortia (K and Zn solubilising Bacteria 500 ml/ha) (T4) control (T5) and combination of all (T6) except CuSO4 along with control . The results indicated that the T6 recorded higher plant height (110.2 cm), productive tillers/m2 of 332, filled grains of 118.3 and less chaffy grains of 20.3 nos, high nutrient status of 265 kg/ha of available N,35.4 kg/ha of available P,342 kg/ha of available K, 21.1meq/100 g of Ca,8.2 meq/100 g of Mg and root length and volume. The algal population in terms of dry biomass was reduced to 3.1 (g/m2) from the control group of 11.2 (g/m2) at 15 days after imposing treatment. The per cent increase of 26.0 % grain yield was also recorded in the combination treatment over control. From the present research, combined application of gypsum @500 kg/ha +Cono weeding twice +AWDI and microbial consortia of Zn and K solubilising bacteria @500ml/ha could be recommended for better soil environment and rice production in the delta region.

A baseline study on the distribution of fluoride in drinking water and its health risk assessment in Industrial areas of Sivakasi, India

Sivakasi, popularly known as "Little Japan," is a town in the southern region of Tamil Nadu. The study area has a semi-arid tropical monsoon climate. The inhabitants depend heavily on groundwater, which is used extensively for irrigation, drinking, and domestic. The present research aimed to evaluate groundwater quality in Sivakasi, focusing on fluoride levels and major ions, providing essential information on the non-carcinogenic risks posed to residents, particularly adults, and the suitability of water for both drinking and agriculture. Fluoride concentration and the most important cations and anions were analyzed in 32 groundwater samples. The major cations and anions present in field samples are in the order of abundance: Cl&gt; SO4&gt; HCO3&gt; Na &gt; Mg &gt;Ca&gt; K. For drinking purposes, groundwater quality varies from moderate to poor, and over 70% of groundwater tests are out of condition for agricultural water supply. Fluoride levels in the samples from the study area ranged from 0.00 to 2.60 mg/l, with an average value of 1.60 mg/l. The hazardous Quotient (HQ) value for infants ranged from 0.00 E+00 to 1.69 E+00, children from 0.00 E+00 to 1.80 E+00, and for adults from 0.00E+00 to 1.88E+00. Additionally, the adults were more susceptible to non-carcinogenic threats than infants and children. This study on groundwater quality in Sivakasi highlights risks to health from excessive fluoride levels, particularly for adults, making it important for disaster mitigation. Understanding the non-carcinogenic hazards of contaminated water can drive disaster preparedness actions and resource allocation, emphasizing the need for secure water sources and resilient water management methods in the semiarid region.

Prediction of ground water quality in western regions of Tamilnadu using LSTM network

Assessing and safeguarding groundwater quality is critical for sustaining life in water-scarce regions like western Tamil Nadu. The motivation behind this study stems from the pressing need to address water quality challenges in a region grappling with scarcity. Despite existing efforts, a notable research gap exists in predictive tools that comprehensively capture the nuanced temporal variations and trends in groundwater quality. This is where the LSTM network steps in, showcasing exceptional accuracy in short-term predictions and discerning long-term trends. This research uses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, a variant of recurrent neural networks, to predict groundwater quality in South Indian Regions, especially in Tamil Nadu. Extensive data, encompassing parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and various chemical constituents, were gathered over an extended timeframe. The LSTM model was then trained on this historical dataset, factoring in temporal dependencies and seasonality inherent in groundwater quality data. The validation process rigorously tests the LSTM model against actual groundwater quality measurements. The results were impressive, as the model demonstrated a remarkable ability to unravel the complex variations in groundwater quality.