Regime Parameters Research Articles

Modeling and control of oils and greases adsorptive purification in the changing raw materials mode

The development of the production sphere and transport determines the need for industrial and transport oils and greases regeneration. A feature of production processes for purification waste is the significant unstable properties of raw materials that come in for purification.
 An urgent task is to create control systems for the purification of these substances when they arrive with significantly different properties.
 The purpose of the study is to improve efficiency of automation systems of adsorption purification by determining relationship between properties of each new batch of raw materials and necessary conditions for its purification.
 Analysis of the adsorption purification technology, typical solutions of control systems and raw materials properties made it possible to justify the need to create a special mathematical support for control of the changing raw materials stage.
 A control method aimed at achieving this goal is proposed, which is based on the use of a database. The method involves following stages: searching in the database of substances-analogs for new raw materials; statistical studies of the regime parameters array found for analogues; making decisions on correcting tasks for controllers; parameters adaptation specifically to new raw materials; entering facts about properties of new raw materials and relevant parameters into the database.
 Statistical studies involve the description of substances properties and the purification process in several forms (types of models) and a gradual change of forms depending on the database capacity. The article provides an example of the algorithm implementation using MS Access.
 The results are obtained on the basis of methods of system analysis, statistical studies, control systems design and databases.
 The scientific novelty of obtained results is as follows: in singling out the arrival of new raw materials as a separate operation mode of the control object; in the method of forming tasks for controllers using database of analogue raw materials; in the application of various forms of connection between the properties of substances and mode parameters depending on the database capacity.
 The obtained results make it possible to increase efficiency of the control systems of waste regeneration productions by reducing time and increasing the accuracy of determining necessary conditions for the processing of various contaminated raw materials.

Wear resistance of structural steels nitroded in cyclic-commuted discharge at limit modes of friction

The article discusses the method of conducting tribological studies at the limit modes of friction of nitrided and non-nitrided steels 20 and 45 in order to achieve a comparison of the results of laboratory tests with operational data. The relationship of structural phases in time is significantly influenced by the initial state of the surface and its physical and mechanical characteristics, pressure on the contact surface, sliding speed, and all these parameters for the limit mode of friction are closely related. Carrying out tests on the wear resistance of samples made of different materials and with significantly different characteristics of the surface layer at the same parameters of the test regime is impossible in most cases, since the obtained results are problematic to compare.

High-speed camera-based optical measurement methods for in-mesh tooth deflection analysis of thermoplastic spur gears

The engineering characteristics of polymer gears, such as wear and fatigue resistance, are dictated by the underlying processes that take place during the gear meshing phase. These are in turn dependent on the running load, speed, temperature, lubrication regime and other parameters. So far, the structural response of a meshing gear could only be analysed using numerical approaches, typically involving the finite element method. In this study, an optical experimental analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the in-mesh gear tooth deflection based on high-speed camera recordings. For this purpose, two image processing methods were implemented, namely the well-known Digital image correlation method and a newly proposed Edge displacement detection method.Using an experimental setup with a camera resolution of 1024×1024px, an exposure time of 40 μs, a frame rate of 2·104fps and a 2000 lm focused light source, a measurement accuracy of ±5μm could be achieved. A good correlation between both methods and finite element analysis results was confirmed. Furthermore, the newly proposed Edge displacement detection method offers high potential for experimental analysis of long-term wear and strain accumulation processes.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЛИЛЕЙНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ БАШКИРСКОГО ПРЕДУРАЛЬЯ

The paper presents the results of studies of the peculiarities of the water regime and drought resistance of 6 species of the genus Hemerocallis L. introduced into the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of study were H. citrina Baroni, H. dumortieri E. Morren, H. fulva (L.) L., H. lilioasphodelus L., H. middendorffii Trautv. et C. A. Mey., H. minor Mill. The experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 2020-2021 on the basis of the laboratory for the introduction and selection of flowering plants. In the course of the experiments, the seasonal dynamics of such indicators of the water regime as total water content, water retention capacity and water deficiency in leaves of Hemerocallis were determined. The analysis of the parameters of the water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting and the method of saturation of plant samples. The data obtained were processed using standard statistical methods using Microsoft Excel 2003. As a result of the research, based on the average values of water holding capacity, total water content and water deficit, we developed a scale for changing the parameters of the water regime of leaves for a comparative assessment of the drought resistance of Hemerocallis, which makes it possible to differentiate daylily taxa into groups with varying degrees of drought tolerance (high, medium and low). Thus, H. citrina and H. fulva were assigned to the group with a high degree of drought tolerance; H. dumortieri, H. lilioasphodelus, H. middendorffii, H. minor were assigned to the group with an average degree of drought tolerance. Under the same soilclimatic and agrotechnical conditions, the range of indicators of the total water content of Hemerocallis was 68.8-83.6%, water-holding capacity - 19.8-65.1, water deficit - 2.2-13.62%. In general, all the studied species of daylily are promising for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Pre-Ural.

Justifying parameters for the automatic servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump in the milking machine

The scientific task to improve energy efficiency and ensure the process of vacuum regime stabilization in the operation of milking machines has been solved. A mathematical model of the process of functioning of the servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump was built; the numerical modeling of its workflow was carried out. This paper reports the results of experimental studies on the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump on the efficiency of its operation, as well as the results of experimental research on the servo control system for the rotary plate vacuum pump. The operational process of the rotary plate vacuum pump HB-1200 for a milking machine was investigated. The influence of mode parameters (rotor speed n and vacuum pressure P) on the performance of the vacuum pump, Qa, vacuum pressure fluctuation, ΔP, and the power consumption of the vacuum pump drive, Np, has been determined. The servo control system of the rotary plate vacuum pump was experimentally investigated based on the developed algorithms of its operation. In a generally accepted algorithm, vacuum fluctuation increases with increasing an airflow rate: at ΔQa=45 l/min – ΔP=2.3 kPa; at ΔQa=90 l/min – ΔP=4.6 kPa; at ΔQa=135 l/min – ΔP=6.4 kPa. Unlike the generally accepted one, the developed algorithm enables a stable vacuum mode with the largest vacuum fluctuation being ΔP=2.4 kPa. For the first time, the functional dependence of the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump with its automatic servo control system on the stability of the vacuum regime of a milk-vacuum system in the milking machine was established. The results can be applied when improving milking machines in terms of ensuring the stabilization process of the vacuum regime.

Study of Electrokinetic Possibilities of Bacteria (S.aureus) Separation and Concentration by Developed Four-electrode Biosensor Chip Formats with ITO Microelectrodes in Whole Blood

The electrokinetic possibilities of separation and concentration of S.aureus bacteria in human whole blood (test mixture) were studied using a new design of a four-electrode biosensor chip format with transparent microelectrodes. In the measurements, a closed cell was used, into which the test mixture was poured. The electrokinetic movement of bacteria during concentration was observed when AC voltage was applied to the first and second annular external electrodes, and DC voltage was applied to the third and fourth semicircular central electrodes. The process of separation of erythrocytes and concentration of bacteria was recorded by an optical method. It is shown that the concentration of bacteria appears after 8 minutes and increases by 30 minutes in the region of the central electrodes under model conditions. The measurements were carried out on two biosensor chip formats having almost identical electrophysical parameters of capacitance and conductivity at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. It is determined that the amplitude-frequency mode and biosensor chip format can be used to develop methodological support for the identification of bacterial species, but only by optical methods. It is shown that in order to increase the number of bacteria on both of the central electrode in the concentration mode, it is necessary to increase the speed of the electroosmotic flow at alternating current, by optimizing the composition of the medium and the parameters of the electrical regime in order to equalize the rates of separation and concentration processes.

Formation of the quality of wheat grain by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field treatment

The object of the study is the treatment of wheat grain with an electromagnetic field (EMF) of extremely low frequencies (ELF), the subjects of the study are the quality indicators of wheat seed grain of the Shestopalivka variety 2019 and 2020 crops grown in the Odesa region. (Ukraine). Problematic issues in the treatment of wheat grain with ELF EMF are the rationale for the duration of treatment of grain and the frequencies of EMF that improves the quality of seeds. The studies used methods of laboratory determination of seed quality indicators, calculation of statistical characteristics of the length of sprouts, and graphical methods for interpreting the results of studies. The studies substantiated the modes of treatment wheat grain with ELF EMF, which improves the quality of seeds and reduces the energy intensity of treatment. The effect of the duration of grain treatment and the frequency of EMF on the germination and characteristics of the length of seed shoots was studied. It has been established that, compared with untreated grain, the treatment of grain with an EMF with a frequency of 30 Hz, a magnetic induction of 10 mT for 6 minutes increases grain germination by 2–3 %, gives longer and 1.44–1.53 times more uniformly sprouted sprouts. Treatment within 60 min. reduces up to 9 % the germination of grain, the size of the shoots, increases their unevenness in length. The effect of seed germination activation by EMF treatment increases after 19 days of storage. Treatment of wheat grain in 2019 with ELF EMF at a frequency of 15–17 Hz with a magnetic induction of 10 mT for 6 min. changes germination within ±3 % control. The germination of the treated grain of wheat in 2020 of the crop decreases relative to the control to 13 % (with the exception of the frequency of 16.5 Hz, at which it did not change). Thus, the treatment of wheat grain with EMF makes it possible to influence the quality of seed grain. The results obtained encourage further research with a wider range of regime parameters and areas of wheat cultivation.

Improving the production technology of functional paste-like fruit-and-berry semi-finished products

The object of this study is a functional fruit-and-berry paste for health purposes with the selection of components (apples, Ziziphus jujuba, blueberries), which are sources of dietary fiber, vitamin C, low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds and phytosterols, which are used as an immunostimulant to create products with cholesterol-lowering effect. The task to increase the content of these substances is solved by concentrating in a rotary film evaporator (RFE) under mild regime parameters (60...65 °C) to a dry matter (DM) content of 30...32 % for 45...50 s and by the pasteurization of concentrated paste in a scraper heat exchanger (SHE) at a temperature of 95...98 °C followed by packing. The effective viscosity (Pa·s) of the mixtures of the original purees (DM 16...17 %) and resulting pastes (30...32 %) has been determined and its increase was found in the pastes compared to puree, by 1.65...1.85 times. The obtained data indicate a strengthening of the structure of the resulting functional paste, which, compared to control, has an effective viscosity of 3.6 times more. A significant advantage has a paste containing 45 % of apple; 35 % of Ziziphus jujuba; 20 % of blueberries. It is characterized by an enhanced content of dietary fiber, by 3.8 times; vitamin C, by 2.25 times; low-molecular polyphenolic compounds and tannins, phytosterols. Therefore, it can be used as an immunostimulant to manufacture products with cholesterol-lowering effect. It was established that in order to effectively conduct the process of concentration in RFE and subsequent pasteurization in SHE, it is rational to grind puree to a particle size within 0.1...0.5 mm. The heat transfer coefficient when concentrating samples with a particle size of 0.5 mm has a higher rate, by 6 %, compared to the sample with a particle size of 1.5 mm. The technology could be introduced at the enterprises of the canning and confectionery industries

Theoretical Analysis of the Gravity Impact on the Parameters of Flow Regimes with Inhomogeneous Evaporation Based on an Exact Solution of Convection Equations

Theoretical Analysis of the Gravity Impact on the Parameters of Flow Regimes with Inhomogeneous Evaporation Based on an Exact Solution of Convection Equations

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПОВ СОСКОВОЙ РЕЗИНЫ НА СОСОК ЖИВОТНОГО В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ

Teat liner in direct contact with the animal's udder has a significant impact on the quality of the milking process and on diseases of the animal's udder. Foreign firms recommend not to carry out maintenance of the teat rubber, but to change it after 2500 milkings due to the high costs of maintaining the working condition of the teat rubber, which inevitably leads to underutilization of the resource. Taking into account the current situation, it is proposed to carry out diagnostic control of the state of the teat rubber on working milking machines in accordance with the developed method and to carry out culling, depending on the technical condition. Determination of the main parameters of the milking machine was carried out using devices to control the stability of the vacuum of the milking machine and to measure the pressure of the teat rubber on the teat. The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions and on a dairy farm. The developed method and technical means made it possible to conduct research and establish the dependence of the pressure on the end of the nipple for domestic teat rubbers. Dependences of the pressure of various types of teat rubbers on the teat on the values of regime parameters have been established. The dynamics of changes in pressure on the nipple during operation was studied. It is shown that the pressure on the nipple during operation can be regulated by both the operating vacuum and the tension of the liner, while the adjustment range is 35% of the range of permissible values. It has been established that teat rubbers can be operated in the mode of optimal pressure on the teat.

RESEARCH OF BURNING OF AGRICULTURAL PELLETS IN BOILERS WITH CAPACITY UP TO 25 kW

The main purpose of this research is to determine the main dependence’s of the agricultural pellets combustion process and to study the influence of regime parameters on the distribution of temperatures in the combustion chamber, as well as to analyze the biofuels productivity characteristics.
 Research methods: experimental and theoretical.
 Results. The research of biofuel combustion process was carried out at the experimental facility of solid fuel boiler with a pellet burner for a passive type house heating. During experimental researches samples of wood pellets, rapeseed pellets and beets pulp were used. On the received graphs the changes in the temperature state of the combustion chamber at the stage of pelletʼs ignition, burning and fading were reflected. It was found that the largest increase in temperature occurs near the wall of the boiler, which is opposite to the burner. As can be seen on the graphs, temperature fluctuations occur as a result of the periodic burning of biofuel in the burner and the arrival of a new portion of pellet from the hopper. As the experiments showed, the temperature level at burning of rapeseed pellets is much lower than in comparison with wood pellets, and to go to the established mode of burning of beet pulp pellets is generally problematic. It is obvious that when setting up the fuel supply system and modes of operation of the fuel it is necessary to take into account heat physical characteristics of fuel, first of all moisture and heat capacity, as well as yield of volatile combustible components. For this purpose, a gas analysis was carried out when burning wood pellets. The selection of combustion products was done in the wild immediately after the boiler. As a result, the NOx and CO concentrations of the appropriate temperature were obtained at the sample site. The nitrogen oxide concentrations should be considered moderate, which cannot be argued about the concentration of carbon monoxide, which requires further research. The obtained results can be used to increase the efficiency of combustion process at burning biofuel in boilers of low power communal and industrial heat power, social-budget sphere and individual-household sector.

Patch and landscape features drive fire regime in a Brazilian flammable ecosystem

The flammable ecosystems are evolutionary dependent on the periodic action of fire. Several environmental factors, both at local and landscape scales, can affect fire regimes in these ecosystems differently. Here, we evaluated the influence of local and landscape features on two parameters of the fire regime of a flammable protected area of the Brazilian savanna: The Chapada Diamantina National Park. We characterized both fire frequency and the time since the last fire, from 1990 to 2019 and measured five environmental predictors (tree canopy cover, altitude, water surface, predominant land use and distance to the nearest municipality). We used Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) to assess the influence of environmental predictors on the measured fire regime parameters. We found a large interannual variation in the total annual area burned in the studied period. In total, 68 % of the protected area (1030 km2) was burned at least once and 32 % (486 km2) was unaffected by fires during the study period. Predominant land use, distance to the nearest municipality, tree cover and the interaction between tree cover and altitude were negatively related to fire frequency, while the water surface and altitude positively influenced fire frequency in the park. Compared to older fires, recent fires occurred in landscapes at lower altitudes and with lower tree cover. Our results demonstrate that the fire frequency and time since the last fire were highly variable across the park, reflecting the strong influence of landscape heterogeneity on their parameters.

Criteria for assessing the adaptive changes in mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style in different training load regimes.

BackgroundTo study the peculiarities of changes in functional indicators and body composition parameters of mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes of strike fighting style and a number of biochemical blood indicators during two months of using different intensity training load regimes, and to determine the most informative criteria for assessing adaptive body changes in these training conditions.MethodsWe examined 40 MMA athletes (men) aged 20–22, who used mainly strike fighting style in their competitive activity, and divided them into 2 research groups (A and B), 20 athletes in each group. Group A athletes used medium intensity (Ra = 0.64), and group B—high intensity (Ra = 0.72) training load regime. To assess the adaptive body changes we applied methods of control testing of maximum muscle strength growth (1 RM), special training (the number of accurate kicks on the mannequin for 30 s), and bioimpedansometry. By monitoring biochemical parameters (testosterone, cortisol, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, LDH) in the blood serum of athletes, we determined the peculiarities of adaptive-compensatory body reactions in response to training loads.ResultsThe obtained results of special training increased during the study period by an average of 10.5% in group B athletes, but group A participants’ results had no significant changes compared to basal data. The largest increase in the development of maximum muscle strength growth by an average of 44.4% was recorded after 2 months of research in group B. Group B athletes also had positive changes in body fat and fat-free mass indicators during the study which were two times higher than the results of group A. The laboratory studies and correlation analysis showed informative biochemical markers (cortisol, testosterone and creatinine) for assessing the condition of athletes in both groups before using high and medium training load regimes. The biochemical markers for assessing the adaptive-compensatory reactions of athletes in response to high-intensity physical stimuli at the beginning of the study were indicators of LDH and cholesterol, and in conditions of medium intensity it was LDH, testosterone and cortisol. After 2 months of study the set of biochemical markers assessing the adaptation processes before the load completely changed only in group B athletes and consisted of LDH, phosphorus, cholesterol, and calcium. At the same time, the set of biochemical criteria for assessing adaptive-compensatory reactions after training in group B athletes was completely changed compared with the data recorded at the beginning of the study.ConclusionDefining the optimal set of criteria for assessing the adaptive-compensatory changes in MMA athletes of strike fighting style will allow in the shortest possible time to correct the parameters of the training load regime for accelerating the body functionality in the process of special power training.

Ensuring the safety of geotechnical objects based on forecasting the parameters of the water regime of rivers using SARIMA models

Every year there are many floods in the world, which have a significant impact on the sustainable social and economic development of the population. At the same time, geotechnical objects located within river catchment basins experience the greatest damage due to floods. To ensure the safety of geotechnical objects, including during high water and flood or low water, it is necessary to predict the extreme values of the parameters of the water regime of rivers. The purpose of this project is to determine the SARIMA model, which makes it possible to most reliably predict the values of the water regime parameters of the Belaya River of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The monthly values of the water flow of the Belaya River in the alignment of the city of Ufa for the period from 1950 to 2018 (828 values) were used as initial data. Based on the comparative analysis of SARIMA models according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the SARIMA model (1,0,1) (2,1,0)12 was determined. Also, the forecast values correspond to satisfactory accuracy, which is caused by high fluctuations in the values of the parameters of the water regime during high water or floods. The results of the forecast make it possible to assess the risks for geotechnical objects located within the catchment area of the river, and to scientifically approach the choice of preventive measures.

DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSYSTEM FOR DEFINING RECOMMENDED GRINDING WHEEL PARAMETERS

The article is devoted to issues of choosing a grinding wheel for processing various types of materials. Complications which arise when a tool does not meet the requirements of providing needed surface quality are analysed in this research. The problem of grinding surfaces with a heterogeneous structure is particularly highlighted paying special attention to composite coatings based on superhard compounds. Results of processing workpieces with titanium carbide-based coatings using grinding wheels with different hardness are presented. In order to prevent grinding defects generation and spoiling finished products, the special software subsystem is developed. It is designed to resolve the problem of tool selection automatically. This software is an advanced solution of the considered problem which is usually solved with the use of manuals and handbooks about different grinding wheel properties. As a part of the information system necessary databases are formed to enable software correct functioning. These databases contain information about different characteristics of grinding wheels and the surface material being processed such as kinds of abrasive, their hardness, thermal conductivity, mesh sizes, bonding as well as compound of the processed surface and its density, elasticity, crack resistance. Since required surface quality implies obtaining needed roughness, its value is also taken into account along with other properties. An interface of the developed program module is presented together with its operating algorithm. The suggested program is based on information, analysis, modelling, optimization modules and the module of monitoring grinding regime parameters. In the case that there is no data available for some kind of the surface material, a list of its structure categories can be additionally downloaded. This software allows to prevent from damaging workpieces in the process of their grinding. Therefore, the developed program provides recommendations about appropriate characteristics of the grinding wheel depending on the material of the processed surface and the conditions of the grinding operation.

Pyrogeography across the western Palaearctic: A diversity of fire regimes

AbstractAimThe aim was to characterize fire regimes and estimate fire regime parameters (area burnt, size, intensity, season, patchiness and pyrodiversity) at broad spatial scales using remotely sensed individual‐fire data.LocationWestern part of the Palaearctic realm (i.e., Europe, North Africa and the Near East).Time period2001–2021.MethodsInitially, I divided the study area into eight large ecoregions based on their environment and vegetation: Mediterranean, Arid, Atlantic, Mountains, Boreal, Steppes, Continental and Tundra. Next, I intersected each predefined ecoregion with individual‐fire data obtained from remote sensing hotspots to estimate fire regime parameters for each environment. This allowed me to compute annual area burnt, fire size, fire intensity, fire season, fire patchiness, fire recurrence and pyrodiversity for each ecoregion. I related those fire parameters to the climate of the ecoregions and analysed the temporal trends in fire size.ResultsFire regime parameters varied across different environments (ecoregions). The Mediterranean had the largest, most intense and most recurrent fires, but the Steppes had the largest burnt area. Arid ecosystems had the most extended fire season, Tundra had the patchiest fires, and Boreal forests had the earliest fires of the year. The spatial variability in fire regimes was largely explained by the variability of climate and vegetation, with a tendency for greater fire activity in the warmer ecoregions. There was also a temporal tendency for large fires to become larger during the last two decades, especially in Arid and Continental environments.Main conclusionThe fire regime characteristics of each ecoregion are unique, with a tendency for greater fire activity in warmer environments. In addition, fires have been increasing in size during recent decades.

Rapid sintering of barium titanate ceramics using direct and susceptor-assisted microwave heating

24 GHz microwave sintering of BaTiO3 ceramics has been studied under rapid heating at a rate of up to 300 °C/min to a maximum temperature of 1150–1300 °C with no isothermal hold. Under direct volumetric microwave heating the temperature difference measured between the center and periphery of the samples was 200–300 °C, and the estimated volumetrically absorbed power density was about 40 W/cm3. The use of a SiC susceptor made it possible to reduce the required microwave power and equalize the temperature distribution, but in this case densification started at a higher temperature. Evidence of recrystallization-induced microstructure transformation propagating outward from the core of the sample is presented. The possiblity of implementing control over the microstructure and functional properties by choosing the parameters of the microwave sintering regime is discussed.

Scientific and practical aspects of assessing the biochemical composition of raw materials for the production of fruit distillates

Quality characteristics of spirit drinks based on fruit distillates are formed mainly due to the concentration and the ratio of aroma-forming volatile components, part of which is transferred to a product from the initial raw materials. Analysis of data on the biochemical composition of the individual types of stone raw materials makes it possible to substantiate scientifically the regime parameters of the individual production stages and allows revealing adulteration. The present review considers questions concerning the search of chemical markers for fruit vodkas made on the basis of distillates from plum, cherry plum, cherry, sweet cherry, apricot and peach. The data are presented on the content of reducing sugars, titratable acidity, free amino acids, pH and sugar-acid index of the fruit raw materials under consideration. Significant variations of these indices depending on a raw material type and region of cultivation are shown. The questions of evaluation of the pectin complex in the individual types of stone raw materials are considered. The scheme of hydrolysis of pectin substances of fruit raw materials occurring at the stage of its preparation for distillation is presented. An important role of this process in formation of quality characteristics of fruit distillates and spirit drinks on their basis (fruit vodkas) is shown. The data on the composition and concentration of aroma-forming volatile components of individual types of stone raw materials are given. The data on the main physico-chemical characteristics of aroma-forming volatile components found in the fresh fruit types under consideration and methods for their analysis are presented. The generalized estimation of technological peculiarities of preparation of individual types of fruit raw materials for fermentation and distillation depending on their biochemical composition is given. In general, analysis of the data presented in this review allowed making a conclusion about prospects of investigations aimed to the development of identification indices of fruit distillates and fruit vodkas using the primary aroma-forming volatile components of raw materials.

Wind Resource Assessment: Optimizing the Weibull Distribution Curve

Abstract: In this paper, it was analyze the wind speed characteristics and provide projections of optimal wind resources by comparing data at different hub heights using wind power law. We have acquired data from an operational project site in the western part of India using data points acquired from the site from August 2017 to February 2018.Weibull distribution probability distribution function and cumulative distribution function for wind speed and other parameters involved in an accurate wind resource assessment methodology. To predict wind regimes, the Weibull probability function is commonly used. A comparison of alternative methods for estimating Weibull parameters of a wind regime is presented in this research. For the estimation, five alternative methods are discussed and employed. The study examined wind speed time series data at two sites over the course of a year. Although all five methods produce similar results when plotting error versus wind speed, the standard deviation method produces the best results.

Жайық алабы өзендерінің көпжылдық мұздық режимінің өзгерісін бағалау

This study examines the change in the timing of the appearance of ice phenomena in the basin of the Zhaiyk river associated with anthropogenic activity and climate change. To assess the long-term ice regime (dynamics of ice phenomena) and meteorological parameters, two periods were identified: before 1973 and 1974-2019 due to intense climate warming after the 1970s. A comparative analysis of the ice phenomena of the Zhaiyk river basin with meteorological indicators (air temperature) showed that the trend of precipitation tends to decrease slightly and there is a pronounced tendency to increase air temperature, in connection with this, the duration and date of the appearance of ice formations decreased for a later time. Estimates of changes in the considered characteristics of the ice regime of the Zhaiyk River basin for the period 1974-2019 are given. compared with the period of the conditionally stationary climatic situation (from the beginning of observations to 1973) using statistical methods.