State Regime Research Articles

A ‘Romantic Public Tragedy’? COVID Pandemic and the Changes of Governance in Poland

The impact of pandemic governance on state regimes is a topic of lively debate. While some researchers suggest that governments may use a ‘state of exception’ to consolidate their power and introduce new methods of control, others see it as an opportunity for new civil society initiatives and social innovation. In this paper, we examine both the actions and discourses of the Polish government and its associated actors and the independent bottom-up responses of Polish society and how these were incorporated or rejected by the government. Our primary focus is on public health governance, including quarantine policies, the management of scarce personal protective equipment, related narratives and societal responses. This study is based primarily on desk research, analysis of key legislation and regulations tailored to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and analysis of social media (X/Twitter) discourse related to COVID-19. Our research reveals a crisis not only of governance but primarily of the neoliberal capitalist state. We conclude that governance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland showed uneven patterns.

The Analysis of The Functional Status of Female Soldiers In The Conditions of The Legal Regime of The Martial State

This article presents the results of a study on the cardiorespiratory system of 30 female soldiers during a period of legal regime of martial state. It is important to note that all investigated cardiovascular parameters, determined by median, were within age norms. Our findings from hypoxic tests demonstrated that the functional capacity of the respiratory system of female military personnel was within age norms as well. The results also confirm that this category has the ability to effectively operate in hypoxic conditions, which is a crucial aspect for professional performance. Analysis of orthostatic test results indicates a significant variability in the body’s reactions to body position changes, with a median value of 5.0 bpm, a minimum of 0.0 bpm, and a maximum of 56.0 bpm. This means that female soldiers have different levels of adaptation. However, it is worth noting the stability of the cardiovascular system’s response to orthostatic stress, with minimal changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 5 mmHg, indicating cardiovascular stability during orthostatic activity. In the vast majority of female military personnel (60.0%), hemodynamic reactions to changes in body position indicate a high level of adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system. The results of the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in female military personnel indicate compliance with the majority of physiological norms; however, isolated cases are observed where the detected values may indicate certain abnormalities, particularly arterial hypertension. The results of respiratory tests indicate a normal response of the female military personnel's bodies to hypoxia conditions, which is important for fulfilling their service duties.

The positive relationship between female employment and fertility rates: The role of family benefits expenditure and gender-role ideologies

This article interrogates the impacts of different types of family benefits expenditures on the positive relationship between female employment and fertility rates in developed welfare states. It does this by theorizing how these family benefits align with welfare state regimes’ preferences for different normative gender-role ideologies. Rather than treating family benefits as a monolith, this article investigates the impact of disaggregated expenditures in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) family policy database (1. services and in-kind benefits, 2. child-related cash benefits and 3. tax-based financial support for children) on both female employment and fertility rates. This is done using pooled time-series analysis covering the period 2000–9. The analysis yields evidence that expenditure most reflecting a ‘full egalitarian’ gender ideology including service and in-kind benefit provision has the most positive association with female employment and fertility due to an emphasis on defamiliarization. The picture for child-related cash benefits is mixed due to the presence of cash transfer provisions not employment-contingent captured in the indicator. In contrast, tax-based financial support for children harms female employment, reflecting a maternalistic ‘traditional’ ideological orientation, but is positive for fertility rates indicating a moderate pro-natal effect of tax-based financial support for children.

Does the (socio-political) socialization context matter for paternal involvement?

Previous literature on paternal involvement emphasizes the influence of fathers’ socialization contexts, considering either welfare policies (Hipp and Leuze, 2015) or experiences with their own fathers (Brown et al., 2018; Parke, 1995). In this study, we combine those two branches of research and examine how fathers’ and their fathers’ (grandfathers’) socialization experiences (parental leave regulations in their early adulthood as an example of (de-)familization policies (Lohmann and Zagel, 2016)) predict paternal involvement today. To measure paternal involvement, we create an indicator for involvement that covers Lamb et al. (1985) three aspects of direct interaction, responsibility, and availability and the fact that a father has taken paternal leave for at least one of his children or not. We use the fact that a substantial proportion of the fathers in the German, national survey AID:A 2019 (Kuger et al., 2020) were socialized in another welfare state regime (6.3% of fathers have a direct and another 13.5% have an indirect migration background (their fathers were born in another country) covering birth cohorts from the 1970s to the 1990s; total N = 1053). We then add context-related information on their (fathers’ and grandfathers’) countries of origin from the OECD family database and estimate an SEM model to test potential direct and indirect effects. We find that more educated fathers who experienced extended parental leave regulations are more involved fathers today. Our results support, thus, that welfare state conditions influence individuals’ behaviour while education is a relevant moderator in this relationship.

Assessing the dissipative capacity of particle impact dampers based on nonlinear bandwidth characteristics

The dissipative capacity as quantified by the nonlinear bandwidth measure of impulsively loaded linear primary resonators or primary structures (PSs) coupled to particle impact dampers (PIDs) is assessed. The considered PIDs are designed by initially placing different numbers of spherical, linearly viscoelastic granules at various 2D initial topologies and clearances. The strongly nonlinear and highly discontinuous dynamics of the PIDs are simulated via the discrete element method taking Hertzian interactions, slipping friction caused by granular rotations into account. An extended definition of nonlinear bandwidth is used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of the integrated PS-PID systems. To this end, the time-bandwidth (T-B) product is defined by nonlinear bandwidth in tandem with characteristic time. The T-B product is studied as a measure of the capacity of these systems to store or dissipate vibration energy. It is found that the initial topologies of the granules in the PID drastically affect the T-B product, which, depending on shock intensity, may break the classical limit of unity of linear time-invariant dissipative resonators. The optimal PS-PID systems composed of multiple granules produce large nonlinear bandwidths, indicating strong dissipative capacity of broadband input energy by the PIDs. Moreover, the granular collect-and-collide regime yields high nonlinear bandwidth and efficient energy dissipation capacity, whereas the opposite is observed for the granular gaseous state regime. The relationship between energy dissipation by the PID and nonlinear bandwidth of the PS are discussed, and it is found that as the shock intensity increases these two measures tend to vary similarly. The implications of these findings on the study of the dissipative capacity of the PS-PID system are discussed, yielding a predictive methodology for designing PIDs to act as highly effective nonlinear energy sinks capable of rapid and efficient suppression of vibration induced by shocks.

Appearances can be deceiving – The Swedish Bank Act and actor influence in different regulatory regimes

In this paper, the influence over the development of the Swedish Bank Act between 1912 and 1968 is studied using preference attainment. Results show that the Financial Supervisory Authority was the most influential actor until 1933, when the Bank Act became gradually stricter. Between 1955 and 1968, the Bankers’ Association grew more influential and the Bank Act was liberalised. The regime perspective on regulatory development suggests that regulation was more liberal during the Classic regime in the early twentieth century when business interests prevailed, and stricter from around the 1930s in the State regime when government control increased. The results are thus contrary to the regime perspective. It is proposed that economic ideas that were engrained in the regulatory institution from its foundation were more important to the long-term development of that institution and of the influence exerted over it, rather than prevailing ideas embodied in regulatory regimes.

FULL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND COMPUTER SIMULATION APPLIED TO SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER SETUP

In the operation of heat exchangers there are some variables to be controlled, making it difficult to found optimized parameters. The aim of this study was to compare the experimental and simulated values of the outlet temperatures, as well as to understand the influence of operating variables for the equipment. It was used a shell and tube heat exchanger didactic module, with a constant cold fluid flow rate equal to 1.4 L.min 1. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a 2² full factorial experimental design with central points, as well as computer simulations in the steady state and transient regime. The higher values for heat exchange overall heat transfer coefficient determined was around 250 W.m 2.K 1. Thus, the flow regime affects the evaluated response. In addition, the computer simulation in the permanent regime presented less relative deviation. Therefore, it can be seen that although the simulations show results close to the experimental ones, there are still associated errors that should be studied and minimized, since factors such as bubble formation were not considered in the simulations. Thus, it was found that computer simulations can be used to understand the operation of heat exchangers, but they are limited to real phenomena that are not considered in theoretical mathematical models. Therefore, this study elucidates the application of statistical and computer-assisted methods as a tool to comprehend heat exchangers behavior for industrial and didactic purposes.

Legal regulation of the grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and state of emergency

The scientific article studied and explained the content of the legal and regulatory grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. This problem is understudied.
 With the help of general and special methods of scientific knowledge, the authors have researched the laws of Ukraine, current subordinate legal acts and scientific sources that regulate the grounds for the use of weapons of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
 The work clarified the content and features of the legal support for the use of weapons of ships, boats and vessels.
 It has been established that the measures of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency, in the implementation of which the state border protection authorities take part, determine the possibility, necessity and grounds for the use of weapons by ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
 Most of the reasons for the use of the weapons of ships and boats can be aimed at ensuring the measures of the legal regime of war, and in some cases, the state of emergency. In such conditions, the subordination of ships, boats and support vessels of the State Border Service of Ukraine may change, which determines the entity that grants permission to use their weapons after a warning.
 The authors come to the conclusion that the reasons for the use of weapons by ships, boats and vessels of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which are defined in the laws of Ukraine, are aimed at the forcible termination of offenses and crimes, ensuring compliance with measures of martial law and state of emergency. The blanket form of the norms regulating the grounds for the use of weapons on ships and boats makes it necessary to refer to other laws and subordinate legal acts of Ukraine and to take into account the specifics of the law enforcement, service and combat activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the conditions of the legal regime of martial law or a state of emergency.

Ambivalence of Revolutionary Cleaning in Mona Prince's Revolution is My Name

Egyptian writer Mona Prince’s self-published 2012 memoir Revolution is My Name abounds with descriptions of transferring Tahrir Square into a domestic space during the 2011 Revolution: people nurturing fellow visitors and protestors; sharing of blankets, warm clothing and mattresses; cooking and eating; distributing Coca-Cola, endless cups of tea, cigarettes; and nursing the injured who clashed with the police. In one point in her chronicling of her political participation, she describes moving one of her friend’s mattresses out into the square and accepting food from whoever is offering it to her. She also details the square being cleaned by women of the elite class, heralding, in Prince’s imaginings, “a new people.” Focusing on descriptions of the cleaning of the square, this article argues that Prince expands domesticity’s political function while overlooking class and religious biases and blindness that undergird her theorizations of it. This blindness, I argue ultimately undermines the revolution’s attempt at total rupture from the unjust state regime of the past and extends insights into the entanglement of power, oppression and political resistance. Given that theorizations of cleanliness have been mobilized by the colonial project as an alibi for the gendered and racialized inequality of colonialism (and neocolonialism), cleaning here raises the specter of colonialism and highlights its mobility to function as a tool to measure complex class ambivalences.

Recalcitrant Lifeworlds

This article analyzes how a failed rubber crop from the plantations of British India became indispensable to the shaping of Indigenous ecologies in the India-Bangladesh borderlands. While a growing scholarship focuses on plants that became profitable within plantation histories, this article instead shows that failed commodity crops like Ficus elastica, locally known as Jri Bamon in Meghalaya, India, exhibited recalcitrance to a range of state and scientific regimes. In an argument that disrupts the European-centered narrative about the triumphant expansion of knowledge and territory, the author introduces “recalcitrance” as an interspecies co-laboring between humans and plants, unknowable through botanical and capitalist practices emerging in a colonial context. Drawing on archival and ethnographic research, the article first studies the nineteenth-century colonial frontier in Assam in British India, where Jri Bamon was molded as a rubber crop in the plantation regimes. Second, it studies the present-day Indigenous ecologies of the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya, near India’s international border with Bangladesh, where this tree is historically grown as an infrastructure of mobility, called the living root bridge. The recalcitrant materiality of Jri Bamon surfaces through each of these human-plant encounters, providing pathways for those who would engage with it on its own terms.

Values and economic performance across European welfare state regimes: Direct and indirect effects through social capital, human capital and managerial skills.

The values that people hold are linked to their economic performance. These links can be either direct or indirect, operating through moderating variables such as social network participation, interpersonal trust, trust in institutions, human capital, managerial skills and hours worked. In this paper these effects are studied using structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology applied to European Social Survey data from 28 European countries in 2018. Schwartz classification of values is used, distinguishing between Self-Enhancement (Power, Achievement), Openness to Change (Self-Direction), Conservation (Tradition, Security, Conformity) and Self-Transcendence (Universalism, Benevolence) values. It is found that Power has the strongest positive direct effect on economic performance, further strengthened by a positive indirect structural effect through hours worked. Self-Direction is indirectly positively linked to economic performance through higher managerial skills and hours worked. Tradition has a strong negative direct effect on economic performance. Security is indirectly negatively linked with economic performance, owing to its negative effects on interpersonal trust, management skills and hours worked. Some of the identified effects are context-dependent and vary across European welfare state regimes. For example, Power is statistically significantly linked to economic performance only in the liberal and conservative regime. Values promoted by respective welfare state regimes are not necessarily associated with higher incomes within those regimes, e.g., Tradition and Security values promoted in the conservative and Mediterranean regime are associated with lower incomes. These findings may lead to a range of policy implications, particularly in relation to the policies on immigration, demographics, the labor market, and work-life balance. Unfortunately, due to the cross-sectional character of the dataset, causal relations among the variables of interest could not be identified.

Zooplankton of Volga River reservoirs: structure, abundance and dynamics

The taxonomic structure and spatial distribution of the late-summer zooplankton in the Volga River from the upper Ivankovo reservoir to Volga Delta near Astrakhan during the period 2020–2021 were studied. Zooplankton biomass in the most of the Volga reservoirs was dominated by cladoceran Daphnia galeata and copepod Mesocyclops leuckarti (up to 45–84%). However different dominant species were observed in the Volgograd reservoir. Cladocerans Chydorus sphaericus and Bosmina cf. longispina formed there up to 43% of the total zooplankton biomass. Rotifers and Ponto-Caspian copepod Heteroscope caspian are dominated in the Volga River below the dam of the Volzhskaya hydropower plant (56% and 18% of the total zooplankton biomass respectively). Among the invasive species, most abundant are East Asian copepod Thermocyclops taihokuensis (up to 230 thsd. ind./m3 and locally 90% of the total biomass) and North American copepod Acanthocyclops americanus (up to 86 thsd. ind./m3 and 35% of the total biomass). The maximum abundance of the zooplankton (0.8–1.6 g/m3) was observed in the Upper Volga reservoirs while the minimum abundance (0.1–0.2 g/m3) – in the Lower Volga. The maximum abundance of zooplankton (0.8–3.3 g/m3) was recorded in the mouth areas of the reservoir tributaries, while the minimum abundance (0.1–1.4 g/m3) – in the pelagic zone of the reservoirs. A decrease in the zooplankton community biomass from Upper to Lower Volga was observed in all biotopes. A negative correlation between the community abundance and daily water inflow into the reservoirs and a positive correlation between the community abundance and water temperature were revealed. Long-term variations in zooplankton biomass and their relationship with water body trophic state, thermal and oxygen regimes were discussed.

Delayed and fractional-order dynamics of a model for earthquake induced by stress perturbations

Fractional calculus and time delay provide a powerful tool to model complex systems with memory and fractal systems and, the viscoelastic systems. Earthquakes are both complex systems with long-memory and some of their faults have fractal properties and, the rocks constituting faults have viscoelastic behavior. In this paper, we examined the dynamics of the spring-block considering the fractional viscous damping force and interaction between the blocks. The shear stress response is studied using the harmonic balance method and the numerical simulations are performed through Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme. The effects of the fractional-order and time delay on the amplitude-frequency curves and on the transition between steady state and seismic regime are investigated. The system response shows the existence of the resonance and anti-resonance. It is appears that the resonance amplitude and resonance frequency are strongly dependent on the time delay and fractional-order. This resonance phenomenon results in an accumulation of energy which can lead to the destabilization of the fault system. At the anti-resonance the system response has minimum amplitude, and the blocks move without accumulated energy. The results show that the delay and fractional viscous can affect the properties of the rock, which is characterized by the modified linear stiffness coefficient, modified linear damping coefficient and the modified linear friction coefficient. The stability and hopf bifurcation are investigated and the critical value of the time delay for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation is determined. The transition from stationary state to the periodic orbit and vice-versa through the hopf bifurcation is observed in the system.

Autonomy and paternalism – framing Swedish COVID-19 restriction policy

ABSTRACT Sweden became an outlier among the Nordic countries in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. While the Nordic countries have historically shared a social democratic welfare state regime, with strong cooperation and harmonization of social policies, their responses to the pandemic showcased fundamental differences to that of Sweden. In particular, Sweden’s prioritization of individual civil liberties over social rights diverged from the more coercive approaches of Finland and Norway, which placed greater emphasis on public health and social welfare. This study examines the media framing surrounding the contrasting Swedish approach and highlights the dichotomy between statist individualism/autonomy and welfare paternalism/interdependence that has been an inherent part of the Swedish welfare state framing. Employing interpretive policy analysis, the study explores the media narratives used by policy actors to frame their pandemic response in terms of individual autonomy and governmental paternalism. We identified two contrasting perspectives on governance regarding the COVID-19 policy strategy. One framing perspective backed the strategy, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding individual autonomy and minimizing central control. The other viewpoint demanded a lockdown and criticized the Swedish response as too lenient. This deviated from usual Swedish political alignments and created a polarized and lively debate around the core values of individual autonomy, agency, and central governmental paternalism.

Microscopic contributions to the entropy production at all times: from nonequilibrium steady states to global thermalization

Based on exact integration of the Schrödinger equation, we numerically study microscopic contributions to the entropy production for the single electron transistor, a paradigmatic model describing a single Fermi level tunnel coupled to two baths of free fermions. To this end, we decompose the entropy production into a sum of information theoretic terms and study them across all relevant time scales, including the nonequilibrium steady state regime and the final stage of global thermalization. We find that the entropy production is dominated for most times by microscopic deviations from thermality in the baths and the correlation between (but not inside) the baths. Despite these microscopic deviations from thermality, the temperatures and chemical potentials of the baths thermalize as expected, even though our model is integrable. Importantly, this observation is confirmed for both initially mixed and pure states. We further observe that the bath-bath correlations are quite insensitive to the system-bath coupling strength contrary to intuition. Finally, the system-bath correlation, small in an absolute sense, dominates in a relative sense and displays pure quantum correlations for all studied parameter regimes.

Modeling surface roughness profiles generated by the belt finishing process of a 27MnCr5 carburized steel

Belt finishing is a superfinishing process that enables to reach fine surface roughness. This paper proposes a numerical model, predicting belt finishing roughness profiles of a 27MnCr5 carburized steel. It utilizes belt topographies that are then numerically deformed thanks to a specific morphological filter. A method for determining the morphological filter parameters is proposed and depends on the size of the grains. Then, the deformed topography of the belt virtually scratches the workpiece at a given depth of indentation (computed by a rough contact model). The model predicts surface roughness profiles in the steady state regime. The paper shows a reasonable agreement between experimental and numerical results. The model captures the main trends: the higher the grain size the higher the roughness of the workpiece. Computational time needed for this model is a few minutes, making it a useable solution for the industry.

Child support and income inequalities: a cross-continental comparison from welfare design to judicial implementation

Abstract This article analyses why and how child support policy contributes to income inequalities as well as to cross-national variation. It uses an in-depth comparison between France and Quebec (Canada) and drives on a multi-method empirical design to assess how this policy has been designed within each welfare state regime from the 1970s to the 2020s and how family lawyers and lower court judges implement it. It shows that national conceptions of solidarity and justice differ, along with the differences between those two legal systems, leading to cross-national variations regarding child support policy. In Quebec, the neo-liberal wave and the powerful feminist movement have converged to ensure that fathers are made to face up to their financial responsibilities towards their children, which has positive effects on the wealthiest and middle-class families. In contrast, in France, the feminist movement has been less influential while the long-standing family policy has favoured state protection towards lone mothers. As a result, the financial risks involved in separation are (partially) compensated by a state system of redistribution, rather than by private remedies, which lead the French system to be more effective for lower-class families. As a result, national context still matters a lot in the part institutional arrangements and professional practices play in income inequalities after parental separations.

Іmplementation of the constitutional right to education in the conditions of the legal regime of martial state

The article analyze s the specifics of the implementation of the constitutional right to education in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. The priorities of the activities of educational institutions in the conditions of armed aggression are defined. It is noted that the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine must ensure a balance between safety and the essential quality of education. It is emphasized that the challenge for the education system is the need to ensure international standards in this area and certain priorities regarding the implementation of the constitutional right to education, in particular, equal access to education; comprehensive support of employees and education seekers, who defend our country with weapons in their hands; guaranteeing safe learning and working conditions for all participants in the educational process; ensuring sustainability of education, in particular for those students who, due to full-scale military aggression, are abroad, are in temporarily occupied territories or are internally displaced persons.
 The peculiarities of the implementation of preschool, general secondary, professional (vocational), professional pre-higher and higher education in the context of the implementation of the constitutional right to education and the implementation of the provisions of Article 53 of the Constitution of Ukraine in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law are characterized.
 The problems of education during the period of the legal regime of martial law are defined and the need to continue to take as many measures as possible to ensure the constitutional right to education is emphasized, since education is extremely important for the development of humanity and the future of the state directly depends on the level of development, abilities, talents, culture and consciousness of future generations.

The flexibility of family co-ordinators in complex family interventions: building relations over time with families living in sustained poverty

ABSTRACT Complex family interventions represent innovative yet contested policy approaches to child poverty and their follow-up with families with complex needs laid down in several national policies. Across welfare state regime contexts, the role of the family co-ordinator is central to these approaches. This role and the work of co-ordinators in interaction with families, family members, and other services deserve further exploration to increase knowledge of the contribution of such interventions. In this article, we explore the role of the family co-ordinator in the Norwegian family intervention programme, New Patterns – Safe Upbringing. The research builds upon fieldwork conducted over several intervals (2019–2021). Family co-ordinators were followed in their everyday work practices, and they were interviewed over several rounds. In our analysis, we look at how the family co-ordinator role and relations with families evolve over time as knowledge increases and the family situation changes. Our research findings demonstrate the importance of flexibility and temporality in complex family interventions, including their role for instigating trust in the relationships between family co-ordinators and families, their role as cultural and system interpreters, and as such providing means for successful targeted support.

Bordering social reproduction: The welfare/immigration regimes of Quebec and Ontario in Canada

This article makes three crucial, related arguments. First, most European analyses of immigration and social welfare fail to consider how these policies intersect to shape the social reproduction of populations, instead sticking to notions of welfare chauvinism, social citizenship, and deservingness. Second, welfare/immigration analyses are usually set at the national level, but subnational comparisons can challenge tidy welfare state regime categorizations, revealing both nuance and policy opportunities. Third, a focus on social reproduction regimes that includes welfare and immigration policies reveals how jurisdictions border the extraction of social reproductive labour, with impacts on who gets in and under which conditions, and on the distribution of paid and unpaid social reproductive work within immigrant and established families in Canada. Developing our feminist border analysis, we illustrate our approach through a comparative analysis of Quebec and Ontario to show how social reproductive borders extract care labour and from whom, under diverging policy regimes.