Periodic Refresh Research Articles

Multi-layered factors contribute to irrational use of antibiotics among pediatric patients in Tanzania: ADDO dispensers perspective

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem affecting both current and future generations. Development of resistance to the commonly available antibiotics has been directly linked to their irrational use. The World Health Organization (WHO) has clearly stated on the Global Strategy on AMR, judicious antibiotic use as well as adequate knowledge and awareness about AMR, as important tools in curbing the existing problem. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the level of knowledge among accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) dispensers on factors contributing to irrational use of antibiotics among Tanzanian pediatric patients.MethodsA qualitative study employing focused group discussions was conducted among 6–10 ADDO dispensers with at least 6 months dispensing experience in 14 regions between July and August 2020. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsFindings from this study indicate that the ADDO dispensers have adequate knowledge on antimicrobial resistance. Participants were aware of the general meaning and the use of antimicrobials. They were aware that antimicrobials are used for treating infections caused by microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Participants knew AMR increases health related costs and that the increasing burden of AMR is not an outcome of a specific group of people such as health care providers or patients, rather a contribution of many factors that bring change in microorganism behavior. Despite this knowledge, participants felt that most of the private health care facilities are profit-oriented; they practice polypharmacy to maximize profit rather than focusing on providing quality health services. Participants revealed that dose shortage after symptomatic relief strongly contributes to AMR. Lastly, the ADDO dispensers expressed that continuous medical education and community education to patients is necessary in the efforts to fight against AMR.ConclusionsTo mitigate the increasing AMR burden in our society, integrated interventions must include both communities, ADDOs as first point of contact and other healthcare providers. Periodic refresher training with an emphasis on proper practices is crucial to help the dispensers transform their knowledge into action. Responsible authorities should ensure that ADDOs and other private health care facilities adhere to regulations.

First-aid training for primary Healthcare providers on a remote Island: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundEnsuring ongoing first-aid training for primary healthcare providers (PHPs) is one of the critical strategies for providing quality health services and contributing to achieving universal health coverage. However, PHPs have received insufficient attention in terms of training and capacity building, especially in the remote areas of low-to-middle-income countries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a first-aid training program for PHPs on a Vietnamese island and explored their perspectives and experiences regarding first-aid implementation.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted among 39 PHPs working in community healthcare centers. The quantitative method utilized a quasi-experimental design to evaluate participants’ first-aid knowledge at three time points: pre-training, immediately post-training, and three months post-training. Sixteen of the PHPs participated in subsequent semi-structured focus group interviews using the qualitative method. Quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsThe quantitative results showed a significant improvement in both the overall mean first-aid knowledge scores and the subdimensions of the first-aid knowledge scores among healthcare providers post-training. There was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and immediate posttest and follow-up knowledge scores (p < 0.001). However, the difference in knowledge scores between the immediate posttest and three-month follow-up was not significant (p > 0.05). Three main themes emerged from the focus group discussions: perception of first-aid in remote areas, facilitators and barriers. Participants identified barriers, including infrastructure limitations, shortage of the primary healthcare workforce, inadequate competencies, and insufficient resources. Conversely, receiving considerable support from colleagues and the benefits of communication technologies in implementing first aid were mentioned as facilitators. The training bolstered the participants’ confidence in their first-aid responses, and there was a desire for continued education.ConclusionsImplementing periodic first-aid refresher training for PHPs in a nationwide resource-limited setting can contribute significantly to achieving universal health coverage goals. This approach potentially enhances the preparedness of healthcare providers in these areas to deliver timely and effective first aid during emergencies, which may lead to more consistent primary healthcare services despite various challenges.

Inverse-time protection method of pumped-storage unit vibration

Vibration protection is a reliable mean for safe operation of rotating machinery. In recent years, vibration protection of pumped storage unit gets more and more complicated, resulting in an increasing risk of vibration protection system failure. Focusing on vibration characteristics of pumped-storage units, the inverse-time vibration protection method for of pumped-storage unit vibration was proposed based on material fatigue damage curve and linear damage accumulation theory. Difficulties of determining damage level were provided on applying damage accumulation method to vibration protection. Simplified inverse-time protection method for vibration of pumped-storage unit was proposed, and research showed that the inverse-time vibration protection threshold should be set according to vibration accumulation that avoids all unit transient processes, the reliability coefficient can be determined from 1.5 to 2.0, the refresh periods of unit vibration characteristic values do not affect the cumulative calculation results, and the inverse-time vibration protection has characteristic of self-returning. The vibration protection method based on inverse-time has the advantages of reliable principle, simple logic, and easy implementation. It has the characteristics of reliability, selectivity, sensitivity, and rapidity as relay protection in electric engineering. It solves the problem of dual parameter coordination in the traditional protection strategy with fixed threshold and fixed time delay. The method can be extended to the vibration protection of other types of rotating machinery.

58‐4: Late‐News Paper: Dynamic MTF Measurements of Gaming Monitors

Recent gaming monitors claim high refresh rates of ≥240 Hz with response times ≤1 ms. However, these temporal metrics do not clearly reveal their true spatiotemporal resolution, which depends on the velocity at which the images are displayed. This is the first study to demonstrate the line‐based dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement method for comparing the performances of different gaming monitors. A single line was scrolled on the monitors, and a small region of the screen was captured with a high‐speed camera during one display refresh period. The dynamic MTF results elucidate the dependence of spatiotemporal resolution characteristics on the scroll speed, refresh rate, and response time of the monitors.

A STUDY ON COLD CHAIN MAINTENANCE AND VACCINE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF URBAN GOVERNMENT HEALTH FACILITIES IN JABALPUR DISTRICT, INDIA

Introduction: Efficient cold chain and vaccine logistics management are made possible by the health system's processes, practices, and policies, which are evaluated by Effective Vaccine Management, a diagnostic tool. A significant number of urban Jabalpur children receive vaccinations from a government health facility.The aim of the study wasto Assessthe cold chain maintenance and vaccine management practices at urban government Cold Chain Points of Jabalpur district.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out at all of 13 urban government ColdChain Points across Jabalpur district. Globally validated World Health Organization -United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund Effective Vaccine Management tool was used for this study. Criteria wise and Consolidated Effective Vaccine Management scores were calculated as per World Health Organization guidelines. Results: All the urban service point stores or cold chain points scored more than the target 80% in two criteria: storage capacity and building. The consolidated criteria score of all the cold chain points in urban Jabalpur, criteria like maintenance, stock management, management information system, and supportive functions, were lagging behind the 80% mark. Low scores in maintenance, stock management, and management information system and supportive functions criteria are somehow a setback for all the preparationand hard work done towards optimal vaccine management and supply chain in the area. Conclusion: The overall performance of the urban cold chain points in Jabalpur district was far better as compared to the state-level effective vaccine management assessment done in Madhya Pradesh in 2011 and 2016. Planned preventive maintenance for buildings and equipment needs to be strengthened. Issues like Lack of information for stock management, need for periodic refresher trainings are to be emphasized.

Multi-Ported GC-eDRAM Bitcell with Dynamic Port Configuration and Refresh Mechanism

Embedded memories occupy an increasingly dominant part of the area and power budgets of modern systems-on-chips (SoCs). Multi-ported embedded memories, commonly used by media SoCs and graphical processing units, occupy even more area and consume higher power due to larger memory bitcells. Gain-cell eDRAM is a high-density alternative for multi-ported operation with a small silicon footprint. However, conventional gain-cell memories have limited data availability, as they require periodic refresh operations to maintain their data. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-ported gain-cell design, which provides up-to N read ports and M independent write ports (NRMW). In addition, the proposed design features a configurable mode of operation, supporting a hidden refresh mechanism for improved memory availability, as well as a novel opportunistic refresh port approach. An 8kbit memory macro was implemented using a four-transistor bitcell with four ports (2R2W) in a 28 nm FD-SOI technology, offering up-to a 3× reduction in bitcell area compared to other dual-ported SRAM memory options, while also providing 100% memory availability, as opposed to conventional dynamic memories, which are hindered by limited availability.

Elaboration and implementation of a protocol for the Golden Hour of premature newborns using an Implementation Science lens.

describe the process of designing and implementing a care protocol for the first hour of life of premature newborns. a participatory research study using an implementation science framework, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was employed to determine drivers and facilitators of implementation success of the Golden Hour protocol for newborns at a large university hospital in southeastern Brazil. A multi-professional team, including first line providers and managers participated in six stages of quality improvement: situational diagnosis; protocol elaboration; training protocol implementation; barrier and facilitator assessment; and protocol monitoring and review. Qualitative and monitoring data collected across these six stages were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. the institution's Golden Hour protocol was organized by the multi-professional team based on a collective and dialogical approach. The protocol prioritized the infant's cardiopulmonary stability, as well as prevention of hypothermia, hypoglycemia and infection. After four months of implementation, the care team was evaluated the protocol as a good quality intervention, necessary for the service, low-cost and not very complex. One suggested improvement recommended was to carry out refresher training to address staff turnover. implementation of the Golden Hour protocol introduced an appropriate and feasible neonatal care quality improvement process, which requires periodic refresher training to ensure greater adherence and better neonatal results.

Rabies elimination policy guidelines: Where do we stand?

Introduction: Rabies is one of the Neglected Tropical diseases. India accounts for 35% of rabies-related human deaths globally. Despite effective preventive and control strategies, India hasn't been able to eliminate rabies. Methodology: A narrative review was done by comparing various policies and programmes related to rabies control and elimination in India and other countries, and the gaps persisting in the Indian guidelines and its implementation were assessed. Results: There are multiple gaps in the Indian programme implementation ranging from multiple stockouts of vaccines, unavailability of rabies immunoglobulin, and lack of a robust surveillance system to lack of refreshing training of the health staff. Recommendations: For effective implementation, the population should have increased awareness, with increased production and an effective supply chain of vaccines and immunoglobulins. There should also be a robust surveillance system with periodic refresher training of the health staff.

Perceptions of service providers, service recipients and female community health volunteers on a rural obstetric ultrasound program in rural Nepal: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn rural Nepal, where women face financial and geographic barriers in accessing ultrasound scans, the government initiated a Rural Obstetric Ultrasound Program (ROUSG) to train skilled birth attendants (SBAs) in rural birthing centers and expand access to routine ultrasound scans for local pregnant women. This study explores the perceived benefits and limitations of the training and implementation of this program.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted in 15 primary care facilities in Bhojpur and Dhading, two rural districts of Nepal. The research team conducted in-depth interviews with 15 trained SBAs and focus group discussions with 48 service recipients and 30 FCHVs to gain insight into their perceptions. All interviews and focus group discussions were recorded, reviewed, and manually coded into MS Excel.ResultsOverall, our findings indicated that the ROUSG program was very well received among all our study participants, though critical gaps were identified, mostly during the training of the SBAs. These included insufficient guidance or practice opportunities during training and the challenges of implementing the mobile obstetric ultrasound service. Most importantly, though, our results suggest that the implementation of the ROUSG program increased access to prenatal care, earlier identification and referrals for abnormal scans, as well as reduced pregnancy-related stress. There was also a notable anecdotal increase in antenatal care utilization and institutional deliveries, as well as high satisfaction in both service providers and recipients.ConclusionOur findings highlighted that while the training component could use some strengthening with increased opportunities for supervised practice sessions and periodic refresher training after the initial 21-days, the program itself had the potential to fill crucial gaps in maternal and newborn care in rural Nepal, by expanding access not only to ROUSG services but also to other MNH services such as ANC and institutional deliveries. Our findings also support the use of ultrasound in areas with limited resources as a solution to identify potential complications at earlier stages of pregnancy and improve timely referrals, indicating the potential for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidities. This initial study supports further research into the role ROUSG can play in expanding critical MNH services in underserved areas and improving broader health outcomes through earlier identification of potential obstetric complications.

Method of solving single-event upset for heterogeneous dual field programmable logic gate array for infrared remote sensing camera in orbit

On-orbit reconstruction is a hotspot technology in the field of space infrared remote sensing cameras technology. Since the space infrared remote sensing cameras perform detection work under the space radiation environment, the core part of its image processing unit, which is a static random-access memory type field programmable logic gate array (FPGA), is susceptible to the impact of high-energy particles, especially during single-event upset events. The occurrence of point-like granular noise in remote sensing images will affect the normal imaging detection performance of the system, and even lead to abnormal timing of infrared detectors in severe cases, thereby affecting the normal operation of infrared remote sensing cameras. Aiming at the reliability requirements of the normal operation of space infrared remote sensing cameras in the space radiation environment, we propose a modular architecture of heterogeneous dual FPGA for XilinxVirtex-5 series FPGA, which carries out periodic refresh, reconstruction, and uploading of Virtex-5 series FPGA through antifuse FPGA. The antifuse FPGA periodically refreshes and reconstructs the Virtex-5 series FPGA from a one-time programmable read-only memory and injects the program into the program storage NOR flash device, and periodically refreshes and reconstructs the Virtex-5 series FPGA from NOR flash. This method can refresh and reconstruct the space infrared remote sensing camera in orbit. The in-orbit flight data verification shows that this method can effectively solve the impact of single-particle turnover event and improve the reliability of the infrared remote sensing camera in orbit operation.

Кинетика старения моторного масла в судовых дизелях при непрерывном и периодическом его доливе для компенсации угара

The article considers the balance of the engine oil aging components in the diesel engine lubrication system with the refinement of oil composition caused by the oil product loss. The motor oil aging process has been identified under continuous and periodic oil refill in order to replenish the lubrication system with fresh oil which would compensate the burnt off oil products. There were derived and solved the differential equations of the oil product balance for such aspects of aging as contamination by insoluble impurities and multifunctional additives impact, which helped understand the general regularities and kinetics of the studied process. Novelty of the approach to theoretical description of the process consisted in the fact of filtering the insoluble and colloidal components of mechanical impurities and additives by the purification and burnout means. Cyclic picture of aging allows to analyze the state of the oil aging before and after refill with its periodic refreshment. The dependence is transformed and presented in a form where it is possible to determine the state of the oil at each aging cycle, without examining the intermediate concentrations of impurities and additives. The advantage of the obtained kinetic integral expressions for oil aging is the ability to determine the conditions for a long-term or permanent mode of its use in the lubrication system of a diesel engine. There are given the formulas by which the intensity of filtration and the concentration of additives in fresh oil or the time of their impact are calculated at a given oil loss and provide a pre-rejection mode of using circulating luboil in a diesel engine.

CAPMIG: Coherence-Aware Block Placement and Migration in Multiretention STT-RAM Caches

In recent years, the increased working set size of applications craves more memory demand in terms of large-sized last-level caches (LLCs). To fulfill this, one of the promising technology is STTRAM. However, high write energy and write latency make it challenging to adopt it on a wide scale. Multiretention STTRAM caches have been considered an improvisation over standard STTRAM caches by reducing their retention time which reduces the write latency. Here, we have to negotiate with a refresh operation by applying various refresh management techniques. However, its retention period consumes significant refresh energy in the periodic refresh. In this article, we take help from the coherence protocol and decide the best retention type for each block. A block loaded on a write access is likely to get more writes in the future and is therefore loaded in the lowest retention time region. Similarly, instruction blocks are loaded in the highest retention time region. This helps in reducing the number of refreshes incurred by the blocks. During runtime, the blocks may change their access patterns, requiring a change in their retention region. This article also proposes a migration policy to relocate the blocks to appropriate regions during runtime. Identification of zero data value blocks and not refreshing them is an additional augmentation to our proposal. The experimental result using full system simulation shows a good reduction in the number of refreshes and energy consumption over the baseline designs.

Awareness of Radiation Protection and Common Radiation Dose Levels Among Healthcare Workers.

Access to ionizing radiation has become widely available for diagnosis and treatment. The increased use of ionizing radiation has been associated with radiation exposure hazards for patients and radiation workers. Raising the level of radiation protection awareness is important to maintain the safety of healthcare settings. Online questionnaires were distributed to 755 healthcare workers and students at King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire consisted of 14 multiple-choice questions divided into two sections (questions related to radiation protection and common radiologic examination doses). In total, 443 participants completed the questionnaire, including 142 (32%) medical students, 107 (24%) radiology technologists, 105 (24%) radiography students, and 89 (20%) physicians. Of the participants, 245 (55%) were men. A total of 74 (84%) physicians and 51 (47%) radiology technologists had more than 5 years of experience. Eleven (12%) physicians and 44 (41%) radiology technologists had 1-4 years of experience, whereas the rest had less than 1 year of experience. Only 16% of participants attended training courses on a regular basis. However, 15% of the participants thought that they had excellent knowledge of radiation protection, whereas 18% admitted that they did not have sufficient knowledge. Sixty-two percent of the questions related to radiation protection awareness were answered correctly. Forty-five percent of the participants correctly answered questions related to doses from common radiologic examinations. Only 23% and 16% of participants were aware of the noncontrast chest CT and lumbar x-ray doses, respectively. Moreover, 35% and 24% of participants did not know that pelvic MRI and abdominal ultrasound do not contribute any radiation dose, respectively. The results showed a knowledge gap regarding radiation protection and dose levels; therefore, periodic refresher courses are recommended for healthcare workers in order to increase the level of awareness.

Performance evaluation of SRAM design using different field effect transistors

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) is one of the type of memory which holds the data bit without periodic refreshment. Compared with DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) which requires periodic refreshment of data bit stored in it. Unlike Dynamic RAM, Static RAM uses a flip-flop circuit to store each data bit, whereas Dynamic RAM uses a capacitor to store the data bit. But capacitor has tendency of losing charge which requires periodic refreshment. Thus SRAM perform better and have more stability than DRAM especially in idle state. In this work, we analysed the performance of the SRAM cell which are built with different field effect transistors and calculated the Write and Read delays, PDP (Power Delay Product) and Static Noise Margin (SNM) for all types of transistors. SRAM cell which is based on the CNT technology with optimized parameters of CNT density, CNT diameter and CNTFET flat band voltage has the better performance and stability compared with other device technologies. Optimized CNTFET SRAM cell compared with the MOSFET based SRAM the write and read delays are improved by 85.8% and 94.3% respectively. All the simulations have been carried out using HSPICE tool for 32nm technology node.

Reduce Refresh Operations on 3-D TLC nand Flash System via Wordline (WL) Interference

As the storage density of 3-D NAND flash memory increases, reliability issues become a bottleneck. Among all reliability issues, decreased retention time is the dominant one. To extend the retention time, data refresh is a straightforward approach. However, refresh operations introduce redundant operations, which hurt the performance of the 3-D NAND flash system. With the observation that retention time can be extended by wordline (WL) interference, this letter first proposes to extend retention time with WL interference practically, and then presents a refresh scheme, which refreshes only one-third of pages in a block and postpones the refresh on the remaining two-thirds of pages with WI. The evaluation results show that the refresh operations are reduced by 40.7% at most. Compared with previous work, the read and write response times are decreased by 31.2% and 43.5%, respectively, with a 7-day refresh period.

Effect of the meta parameters on a model predictive algorithm for renewable micro-grid optimal control

Renewable energy micro-grids are often coupled with energy storage systems to balance the production variations. A common way to control such micro-grids is the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy that optimizes the grid behavior at a given time-step for a rolling horizon. This computation is refreshed periodically so that the algorithm can work with up-to-date measurements. This paper focuses on how the time-step, the horizon and the refresh period affect the optimal solution. The MPC algorithm is made up of a Linear Programming optimizer and an Auto Regressive Moving Average forecast. It is applied to a micro-grid with a PV array and a Battery storage that has to supply a residential complex and is able to trade energy with the main grid. Several configurations (equipment size, load profile, cost profile) are studied to ensure the results’ robustness. The MPC can reduce the energy exchange cost and can almost reach the optimal solution in most of the cases. The results show that an optimization with a time-step of 30 min and a 12-h horizon gives good performances. However, the refresh should happen at least 4 h before reaching the optimization horizon.

IFKMS: Inverse Function-based Key Management Scheme for IoT networks

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), secure communication is becoming a significant concern. Nodes that compose such a dynamic network need to exchange sensitive and valuable data. The data must be kept safe against attacks. This protection requires the development of efficient key management protocols. However, this task is challenging because of the high resource constraints of most IoT devices in terms of storage, communication, processing, and energy capabilities. Some existing key management techniques have certain weaknesses since sensitive parameters are not protected during transmission, and cryptographic keys are stored in plain text and usually renewed at a fixed period of time. This paper proposes a new key management protocol aiming to secure communications before and after key establishment. Our scheme uses hash and one–one functions to achieve security during the key establishment process. The symmetrical character of the invertible functions is thus exploited to conceal critical data and pairwise keys stored in nodes’ memories. Moreover, the key refresh period is variable, which can be adjusted according to the number of occurred attacks in the network. BAN (Burrows Abadi Needham) logic is employed to assess the correctness of the proposed scheme. The results show that our scheme operates correctly and does not have redundancies or security flaws. Furthermore, the security and performance analysis point out that the proposed scheme is resilient against well-known attacks, and efficient in terms of storage, communication, computation overhead, and energy consumption.

WinDRAM: Weak rows as in‐DRAM cache

SummaryThe primary factor responsible for increasing the refresh rate is the presence of weak rows in a DRAM. They have a shorter retention time and lose charge faster than regular rows. Recently, a technique known as in‐DRAM cache was introduced in which some DRAM rows act as a separate module. The in‐DRAM cache can be used for a variety of purposes in DRAM. We present WinDRAM, an in‐DRAM cache comprised of all the DRAM's weak rows. The most recently accessed rows are copied into the in‐DRAM cache so that when the row is accessed again, both rows (original and copy) can be activated at the same time. Such simultaneous activation reduces activation time and, as a result, DRAM access latency. Dual‐row activation is the term for this concept. Because weak rows are part of the in‐DRAM cache and are frequently accessed, WinDRAM does not perform a periodic refresh on them. Existing techniques based on in‐DRAM cache do not design the in‐DRAM cache using weak rows. WinDRAM proposes a novel idea by designing the in‐DRAM cache using weak rows. Because the weak rows do not need to be refreshed, the refresh interval of the remaining rows can be increased, resulting in a refresh rate reduction of 80% to 90%. The speedup is 15% to 25% faster than standard DRAM and 12.77% faster than previous work for high memory‐intensive workloads. Overall energy consumption is also reduced by 10% to 15%.

A Fog-Cluster Based Load-Balancing Technique

The Internet of Things has recently been a popular topic of study for developing smart homes and smart cities. Most IoT applications are very sensitive to delays, and IoT sensors provide a constant stream of data. The cloud-based IoT services that were first employed suffer from increased latency and inefficient resource use. Fog computing is used to address these issues by moving cloud services closer to the edge in a small-scale, dispersed fashion. Fog computing is quickly gaining popularity as an effective paradigm for providing customers with real-time processing, platforms, and software services. Real-time applications may be supported at a reduced operating cost using an integrated fog-cloud environment that minimizes resources and reduces delays. Load balancing is a critical problem in fog computing because it ensures that the dynamic load is distributed evenly across all fog nodes, avoiding the situation where some nodes are overloaded while others are underloaded. Numerous algorithms have been proposed to accomplish this goal. In this paper, a framework was proposed that contains three subsystems named user subsystem, cloud subsystem, and fog subsystem. The goal of the proposed framework is to decrease bandwidth costs while providing load balancing at the same time. To optimize the use of all the resources in the fog sub-system, a Fog-Cluster-Based Load-Balancing approach along with a refresh period was proposed. The simulation results show that “Fog-Cluster-Based Load Balancing” decreases energy consumption, the number of Virtual Machines (VMs) migrations, and the number of shutdown hosts compared with existing algorithms for the proposed framework.

Designing 10T SRAM for noise and Leakage Power Reduction using Stack Transistor Technique – A Review

The SRAM Semiconductor memory, utilize a bistable latch circuit to store logic 1 or 0 data. It differs from dynamic RAM (DRAM) which requires a periodic refresh operation to store logical data. SRAM power consumption varies with operating frequency, i.e., at higher frequencies, it consumes very high power, similar to DRAM. Because the cache included in the microprocessor required high-speed memory, SRAM can be used in the microprocessor for this purpose. DRAM is often used in processor main memory, where density is more important than speed. SRAM as well used in industrial, scientific electronics, and automotive subsystems. In this paper, the SRAM investigation report was studied to develop a new SRAM design for low power consumption.