Reframing Process Research Articles

Digital reframing: The design thinking of redesigning traditional products into innovative digital products

AbstractThe redesign of traditional products into innovative digital products is a profound form of digital innovation. It is imperative for both digitally native and traditional firms to understand and effectively manage this form of digital innovation to survive and thrive amid expected disruptions when traditional products are driven out of business by digital products. Current insights into this form of digital innovation are limited, as previous research has focused on the design of innovative digital technologies. However, if we break everyday digital products down, we often find centuries‐old physical products and digital technologies that have existed for years, if not decades. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of digital innovation is needed to attend to how the digital and the physical are combined, and how such a combination makes digital products innovative even when it reuses existing digital technologies. To this end, this study addresses the research question, “How does the reuse of digital technologies enable the redesign of a traditional product into an innovative digital product?” Adopting the “design thinking as reframing” perspective, we conducted a grounded theory study of the design thinking acted out by the doing of the design of an innovative digital theatre. This study inductively develops a theory explaining the design thinking of redesigning a traditional product into an innovative digital product as a digital reframing process, where designers take the frames of digital technologies and rethink existing products (frame taking), merge the frames into the product under design (frame merging), and propose a new frame to interpret the resultant product (frame giving). Our study has important implications for both research and practice.

Effects of Individual Discount Rate and Uncertainty Perception on Compliance with Containment Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Anti-contagion measures restricting individual freedom, such as social distancing and wearing a mask, are crucial to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Decision-making patterns and attitudes about uncertainty can highly influence the adherence to these restrictive measures. Here we investigated the relationship between risky behavior and individual preferences for immediate vs. delayed reward, as indexed by temporal discounting (TD), as well as the association between these measures and confidence in the future, perceived risk and confidence in the containment measures. These measures were collected through an online survey administered on 353 participants at the end of the more restrictive phase of the first Italian lockdown. The results showed an unexpected inverse relationship between the individual pattern of choice preferences and risky behavior, with an overall greater adherence to containment measures in more discounter participants. These findings were interpreted in terms of a reframing process in which behaviors aimed at protecting oneself from contagion turn into immediate gains rather than losses. Interestingly, an excessive confidence in a better future was correlated with a higher tendency to assume risky behavior, thereby highlighting the downside of an overly and blindly optimistic view.

Understanding long-term changes in patient identity 15-20 years after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy.

Following epilepsy surgery, patients can experience complex psychosocial changes. We recently described a longer term adjustment and reframing ("meaning-making") process 15-20years following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy, which could involve an ongoing sense of being a "different" person for some patients. Here, we quantitatively examine identity at long-term follow-up and how this relates to meaning-making and postoperative seizure outcome. Eighty-seven participants were included: 39 who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) 15-20years ago (59% female; median age=49.2years, interquartile range [IQR]=10; median follow-up=18.4years, IQR=4.4) and 48surgically naïve focal epilepsy patients (56% female; median age=34.5years, IQR=19). We captured approach to meaning-making by coding for key narrative features identified in our previous qualitative work. Nonparametric tests and correspondence analysis were then used to explore relationships between a quantitative measure of identity and meaning-making, as well as seizure outcome, mood, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients 15-20years post-ATL demonstrated a shift toward increasing identity commitment and exploration compared to the surgically naïve cohort, with this shift significantly linked to seizure outcome. Examining the relationship between identity and meaning-making also revealed three groups: (1) those who embraced self-change (29%), (2) those who continued to struggle with this process (60.5%), and (3) those who showed minimal engagement (10.5%). Those who "embraced change" were significantly younger at regular seizure onset and demonstrated a trend toward higher HRQOL. Findings suggest that ATL patients show a more developed identity profile compared to surgically naïve controls; however, the majority still struggled with postoperative identity change at long-term follow-up. Approximately one third of patients demonstrated positive psychological growth following surgery, reflected in the ability to embrace change. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of surgery on patient identity to maximize the psychosocial benefits.

The Process of Reframing a Linguistic Mindset (RLM) and Its Implications for Professional Development in Education

This paper discusses the results of a study that yield information on the process of teachers reframing a linguistic mindset from standard language beliefs to linguistically informed, and proposes the Reframing of a Linguistic Mindset (RLM) model as a means of analysis for more impactful professional development. The participants were fourteen teachers who attended language variation workshops, then integrated linguistically informed content into their curricula throughout the year. The study employed mixed methods data analysis principally from transcribed individual and focus-group interviews. Analysis of the data resulted in a theoretical conceptualization of the reframing of a linguistic mindset as a circular process consisting of five phases: confronting new linguistic information; questioning linguistic information and previously held language beliefs; integrating new linguistic information within social contexts; evaluating relational, emotional and cognitive responses to integrating; and reframed views of language. The RLM model addresses a phenomenon in the reframing process where, not only do the phases repeat and inform each other, but the process can also include juxtaposed contrary views where previously held standard language beliefs are reinscribed, and at the same time a linguistically informed awareness is gained from the experience. Link to paper: https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:f9431a26-b0c9-4b16-b4ca-ca14e76b4c68

Inside the lived perspective of life after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study of the desire to live and not live, including with assisted dying.

Qualitative. The objective of this study was to examine whether individuals with a SCI would have considered Medical-Assistance-in-Dying (MAiD) following their SCI and whether these individuals felt they would have been able to make an informed decision about this potentially permanent option early in their experience. Manitoba, Canada. Participants with varying neurological levels of SCI and classification were included. The time since SCI ranged from <6 months to >50 years. A focus group of five individuals was conducted first to calibrate questions. Twenty-three participants were then individually interviewed. Participants' responses were transcribed and coded into themes. Half of the participants reported having suicidal ideation within the first 2 years of experiencing a SCI. However, no participants thought that they would have been able to make an informed decision about MAiD during this time. Most participants reported that they were able to adapt and reframe their lives to alter their views. There was higher agreement that MAiD should be available for individuals who had experienced a reframed, informed view. This study indicates that people with SCI do not feel that informed decision making about ending their life can be made early after SCI despite high levels of reported suicidal ideation in that early time frame. A reframing process helps to facilitate informed decisions about living with a SCI. The reframing process is correlated with opportunities of rehabilitation, peer mentor support, and re-integration into the community.

Alimentação escolar no contexto de pandemia

A alimentação escolar é um direito assegurado na Constitucional Federal do Brasil, sendo dever do Estado garanti-la a todos os estudantes matriculados na rede pública de educação básica. A principal forma de realizar essa garantia tem ocorrido por meio do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Desde março de 2020, quando a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou a pandemia pela COVID-19, medidas diversas têm sido tomadas para o controle da doença, dentre elas a suspensão de aulas presenciais, colocando em risco a garantia do direito humano à alimentação escolar na rede pública de ensino. Diante disto, o presente artigo, por meio de uma revisão, apresenta e discute o processo de ressignificação e os desafios enfrentados pelo PNAE no contexto da pandemia. O mesmo aborda as principais mudanças ocorridas com a promulgação da Lei n° 13.987/2020, regulamentada pela Resolução CD/FNDE n° 02/2020, que autorizou, em caráter excepcional, durante o período de suspensão das aulas, a distribuição de gêneros alimentícios adquiridos com recursos do programa às famílias dos estudantes. Além disto, apresenta as modalidades adotadas pelas Entidades Executoras e as atribuições dos diferentes atores de alimentação escolar do país, no contexto da pandemia, destacando seus reflexos na segurança alimentar e nutricional deste público.

Who Needs Solutions? Social Design Between Technological Solutionism and Articulation of Conflicts

Starting from Morozov’s thoughts, this paper uses the concept of solutionism to analyze and criticize some trends that today define and lead practices of the so-called social design. To what is referred to as solutionist design, another design approach is here opposed, in which tools and methodologies of the discipline are oriented towards the articulation of a specific problem, rather than its solution. The theoretical background refers to the concepts of “antagonism” described by Mouffe, which has been recently translated within the design field. According to this perspective, a design project develops a political dimension through processes of reframing of a given problem. In this way a social issue will be represented as the product of specific choices or agencies and will therefore emerge as a political problem. This theoretical framework is described and discussed through the analysis and comparison of design projects addressing the issue of refugees and the refugee camp.

The Living Memorial movement

The paper investigates the emotional, grief-based resilience-building of a social movement, the Living Memorial in Hungary. The movement was initiated in 2014 as the Hungarian government announced the installation of a memorial of the German occupation of 1944, which denied the responsibility of the Hungarian state in the Holocaust. The Living Memorial aimed to contradict the government’s memorial by offering an inclusive remembrance through telling personal, family stories. A grounded analysis revealed three different actions were realised by the Living Memorial, which all enhanced the resilience of the group on different levels. The discussion of personal and family stories and sharing grief reinforced the collective identity of the group. The personal remembrance also helped to deconstruct the government’s memorial. The political discussions and presentations raised the political consciousness of the participants and strengthened their self-image as competent political actors. It is also revealed that resilience in the case of the Living Memorial was built by a continuous process of reframing and community-building and also by the simultaneous recall and rationalisation of grief and relating emotions.

Segregação do desejo na “escolha” profissional e seus impasses subjetivos no trabalho docente

O artigo tematiza a importância do trabalho como meio de afirmação para o sujeito em sua inscrição no circuito da construção civilizatória. Problematiza a investigação da atividade docente, convocada a um processo de ressignificação em um cenário em que as escolhas profissionais parecem cada vez mais apartadas do desejo e assentadas em promessas de satisfação desvinculadas da história de cada qual. Por meio da interrogação de fragmento de caso clínico e de comentários extraídos da internet, o objetivo do texto é lançar questões sobre os impactos do atual imperativo de gozo nas escolhas profissionais e na atuação docente. Conclui-se que a formação universitária, em um pacto com a pesquisa, precisa encontrar meios de transcender a lógica da sobrevivência e subsistência e recuperar o que se encontra na essência da palavra.

EFEITO DE UM PROGRAMA DE RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO CLIMA ESCOLAR EM DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO FUNDAMENTAL - SÉRIES INICIAIS

This work has as its theme a process of education reframing taking the school climate as one of its parameters of analysis. The reframing of the education is understood as a process of reflection of the school community regarding the aims and means of the teaching-learning process. An instrument that makes possible to identify the actors' perception of the school environment is the School Climate Questionnaire. This research aimed to analyze the effects on school climate quality of an education reframing program under the perspective of the students, in two municipal public schools of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education. The School Climate Assessment Questionnaire was used as an instrument. It is a quasi-experimental research, in which to verify the effects of the reframing process on the school climate quality, a pre-test and a post-test were carried out, both with the application of the referred questionnaire to approximately 500 students from the 3rd to 5th grades. Three municipal public schools with similar characteristics were part of the research, two of them in the experimental group, with the intervention of the independent variable (reframing program) and the other one as the control group. The results allowed to identify the significant transformations in the experimental schools in comparison with the school of the control group. The conclusion of the work served to retro-analyze the actions of the program at the time of the initial diagnosis (pre-test) feedback, in which the educators actively participated the process of reflection on the results of the climate.

A diáspora africana e a resistência dos tambores: elementos da sociedade Iorubá presente nas religiões afro-brasileiras

O presente texto tem o objetivo de apresentar como as religiões afro-brasileiras representam movimentos de preservação e ressignificação da estrutura societária dos povos iorubás no Brasil. A diáspora africana, durante o período da escravidão mercantil, foi responsável pela chegada ao Brasil de milhões de africanos provenientes de vários grupos étnicos como os bantu e os iorubás. As religiões de matriz afro representaram uma forma de resistir a destruição das características religiosas, sociais e culturais desses povos. Nas comunidades de terreiro, foi desenvolvido um processo de preservação e de ressignificação das estruturas sociais, culturais e religiosas dos povos iorubás. A organização do culto, das estruturas hierárquicas, dos espaços físicos, da composição linguística e cultural presente no candomblé, no Batuque ou Nação, por exemplo, possuem marcas indeléveis dos iorubás.

Paradoxical Framing and Coping Process on Sustainability Innovation

Despite all the attention around paradox lens on sustainability in recent years, research regarding the ways how paradoxical framing may influence a firm’s innovation activities remains limited. To address this gap, this study juxtaposed paradox theory and cognitive framing perspective to examine how the two sides of paradoxes - namely, the positive framing and negative framing-may either stifle or enhance a firm’s innovative efforts toward a sustainability new product development. The findings add to the extant research by providing a more fine-grained understanding on how paradoxes are manifested in the organizational setting, and its underlying reframing process to cope with tensions on sustainability innovation.

The Cultural Dynamics of Reception

The cultural dynamics of reception are best understood as a reiterative process of reshaping and reframing. Reception as an object of critical study embraces first the history of how texts were read, disseminated, and consumed across media, languages, and geographical regions. But if this is the first port of call, such analysis quickly draws in questions about the relationship between reception and production, audience and agency, about contemporary and posthumous reputation. This special issue investigates the ways in which the act of reception is a reiterative process on a continuous spectrum with cultural production. Receivers — of texts, events, reputations — are mediators, creatively reconstituting that which they receive according to their own agendas and contemporary imperatives. The articles in this collection embrace international, comparative, and new material contexts for early modern reception studies as they address poetry, romance, letters, history, hagiography, autobiography, and literary reviews. The transnational perspectives that emerge lead from the Low Countries to Italy, Ireland to France and the Spanish Netherlands, Spain to England, and England to France. The introductory essay for the issue additionally examines recent digital projects concerned with the history of reading and reception, exploring in particular how digital resource design foregrounds questions of representation and our immersion, as critics, in the act of reception.

A patient-centered approach to understanding long-term psychosocial adjustment and meaning-making, 15 to 20 years after epilepsy surgery

ObjectiveDifferent psychosocial trajectories have been identified following treatment with epilepsy surgery, as patients adjust to possible changes in seizure frequency and the subsequent impact on their psychosocial functioning. Qualitative research has been key to understanding this adjustment process, particularly in the short-term (2–5 years). Currently, however, there is a lack of qualitative research examining longer-term (>15 years) outcomes, precluding the same rich, detailed understanding of longer-term psychosocial outcomes. Using a grounded theory approach, we explored how patients reflected on and made sense of their adjustment trajectories, 15 to 20 years after surgery. This included the impact of surgery on their sense of self and broader psychosocial functioning. MethodsWe recruited 40 adult patients who had undergone anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) 15 to 20 years ago (24 females; 26 left-sided). Median age at habitual seizure onset was 9.7 years (Interquartile range; IQR = 13.8), and at surgery was 31 years (IQR = 12). Median length of follow-up was 18.4 years (IQR = 4.3). Comprehensive one-on-one interviews (median time = 86 min, IQR = 28) were used to elicit patient experiences of their surgery and subsequent psychosocial outcomes. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory inductive–deductive process. ResultsPatient narratives revealed a common process of psychosocial change and meaning-making triggered by surgery, which was often perceived as a major turning point in life. Patients reflected on moving through an early postsurgical period (<5 years) of upheaval and psychological disequilibrium. While this period was often remembered as stressful, difficulties were softened and/or reframed in hindsight. Through this process of reframing and meaning-making, patients were able to reestablish equilibrium and a sense of normality. Differences were evident in how patients navigated the process of meaning-making, and the extent to which they felt surgery had changed their self-identity. DiscussionWe propose a model of postsurgical meaning-making, evident in the narratives of patients who have undergone ATL, providing a new perspective on long-term psychosocial outcomes. This model contributes to our understanding of patient well-being and quality of life, by acknowledging the active role that patients play in seeking to create their own sense of normality after epilepsy surgery.

Wyjść poza krąg. O przywracaniu pedagogiki Marii Rogowskiej-Falskiej i Wiery Schmidt

In the article, based on theoretical assumptions about framing mechanisms taken from the work of Georg Lakoff and the Polish tradition of post-dependence research, the author conducts a comparative analysis of cases of reframing the hegemonic and strongly patriarchal narratives regarding the pedagogical legacy of Janusz Korczak and Ivan Jermakov. As a result of systemic changes after 1989, narratives so far suppressed have come to the fore. It applies to minority voices, especially female voices. The comparative analysis took into account the voices of female educators from Poland and the Soviet Union – Maria Rogowska-Falska and Vera Schmidt. The main questions concern how hegemonic pedagogical discourses may erode and whether the processes of redefining pedagogical thought in Poland are analogous to trends in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe? The study points to far-reaching analogies of the processes of reframing in Poland and Russia. This has its consequences for our understanding of the achievements of Janusz Korczak in Poland and the roots of psychoanalysis in the Soviet Union.

Wikipedia: quotations at the interface of encyclopedic and participatory practices

Due to its genuinely participatory practices, quotations in Wikipedia entries are dynamically and collectively negotiated and revised by members of the broader public against the background of Wikipedia's central editing principles. Hence, quotations are an essential elaboration site of competing encyclopedic and participatory practices. This paper aims to show how Wikipedia authors, in modifying the context, focus and perspective of source material, engage in complex processes of framing and reframing of the source material and their participatory activities. These framing activities not only concern the quote-worthiness of source material and users' academic and/or participatory aspirations, but are also carried out at an interpersonal level and thus contribute to new dimensions of public encyclopedia-writing and reflective participatory discourse “from below”. To scrutinize these processes, this paper examines the types and functions of quotations in two highly contested example articles (Nation and Brexit) and their respective Talk-sections as retrieved in September 2017 (Nation) and December 2017 (Brexit), with a total of 49500 words. Corresponding to the two different discourse environments, contributors to both articles use quotations primarily in their indexical and argumentative functions. By contrast, quotations in the Talk-section mainly serve interpersonal and metapragmatic functions, sometimes intertwined with argumentative functions.

Monumental Absences in Ancient Historiography

Abstract This article demonstrates that ancient historians did not simply draw upon inscriptions and statues as sources, but also subverted the original messages of these artefacts by placing their own spin on events. These readings ‘against the grain’ take place both where the historical monument exists and has been seen by the historian, as in Thucydides’ digression on the Peisistratids’ inscriptions and decrees, and where the monument is either inaccessible or nonexistent (e. g. Livy’s discussion of the 493 BC Latin treaty and Tacitus’ analysis of the senate-decrees issued for Germanicus’ funeral). By reinterpreting monuments, historians enable sources to transcend their semiotic function and elevate them into commemorative objects. However, this process of reframing and negotiation does not only occur to individual monuments; as this chapter demonstrates, Classical historiography also includes more general commentary on the usefulness of material sources as transmitters of the past.

Reframing the Design Process: Integrating Goals, Methods and Manifestation into the Co-Evolution Model

AbstractIn their early years of education, design students may experience difficulties in reframing design problems. Since reframing is linked to creativity, this may be problematic. While there are some models available to describe the reframing process, it is yet unclear how they are supporting design students. This study concerned the development and test of a framing model based on co-evolution transitions, through a two-part study: interviews with expert designers and workshops followed by group interviews with novices. The resulting model offers a way of thinking and a way of working, based on the fluidity of the design process. This study yielded two major insights. Firstly, students tend to perceive the problem space to be fixed once they defined it, even if they discovered disparate information along the way. Secondly, the developed model provides students with guidance and confidence in dealing with complex problems. Our results have a considerable impact on design education, as it is important to reinforce to design students that both the problem and solution understanding are fluid, and this model provides initial steps to help designers structuring their process.

The dark underbelly of land struggles: the instrumentalization of female activism and emotional resistance in Cambodia

ABSTRACTFacing land grabs and eviction in the name of development, women worldwide increasingly join land rights struggles despite often deeply engrained images of female domesticity and conventional gender norms. Yet, the literature on female agency in the context of land struggles has remained largely underexplored. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, my findings suggest that land rights activism in Cambodia has undergone a gendered re-framing process. Reasoning that women use non-violent means of contestation and are less prone to violence from security personnel, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) push women affected by land grabs and eviction to the frontline of protests. Moreover, female activists are encouraged to publicly display emotions, such as the experienced pain behavior that sharply contrasts with Cambodian norms of feminine modesty. I critically question this women-to-the-front strategy and, drawing on Sara Ahmed’s politics of emotions approach, show the adverse risks for female activists. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the instrumentalization of female bodies and emotions in land rights protests perpetuate gender disparities instead of strengthening female agency in the Cambodian society and opening up political space for women.

Global urban policy and the geopolitics of urban data

Cities have gained prominence in global sustainability discourses. The United Nations ‘2030 Agenda’ highlights in at least four key agreements the need to engage local stakeholders as key partners for the implementation of global policy objectives. As a result, the rise of a ‘cities agenda’ has led not only to an increased role for cities in global politics but also to a reshaping of the knowledge-base underpinning international agreements and their implementation. This paper argues that the contemporary willingness to move beyond the “territorial trap” of modern geopolitics, by emphasizing cities’ agency in global affairs and by calling for the production of globally comparable urban data, induces a process of reframing and rescaling existing understandings of the global. In that sense, the question of urban knowledge production – especially that of urban data creation – is an essentially geopolitical one. However, insights from critical geopolitics have been rarely used in current debates on global urban policy and urban data politics. This work, we posit, can inform current academic and policy discussions, as it invites us to explore three interrelated questions: how is the urban being written into contemporary global politics? What type of ‘urban’ issues are made salient/invisible in that process? Which geopolitical actors are currently dominating the production of urban knowledge globally? This paper offers to start addressing those themes, through the study of 28 global urban databases, digging into the technical as well as human components of those. In doing so, we offer a preliminary assessment of techno-political apparatus that underpins the construction of a global ‘urban gaze’ which in turn shapes - as much as it is maintained by - global urban policy frameworks and hegemonic forms of knowledge production.