Reflex Research Articles

Assessment of the efficacy of nebulized local anesthesia using continuous positive airway pressure during fibroptic bronchoscopy

Background The administration of nebulized lidocaine before fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is preferred than conventional lidocaine spray methods in reducing complications, reducing the need for additional lidocaine doses, and decreasing the incidence of lidocaine adverse effects. The use of nebulized lidocaine through continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) seems to be superior owing to rapid and deep deposition of the anesthetic agent. The aim of this research is to study if the use of nebulized lidocaine through CPAP is superior to the conventional methods of lidocaine spray before FOB. Patients and methods An observational prospective cohort study was performed in the Chest Department at Ain Shams University hospitals on 40 patients subjected to FOB. They were randomly divided into two groups: group A included 20 patients who underwent FOB using nebulized lidocaine through CPAP, and group B included 20 patients who underwent FOB using conventional lidocaine spray. After doing FOB, we noticed the need for additional doses of lidocaine to complete FOB, duration of FOB, easy entry of the FOB, and incidence of complications. Results Interestingly, patients in group A needed less additional doses of lidocaine spray to complete FOB. Moreover, they had less incidence of coughing and occurrence of gag reflex during FOB, and also less patients’ discomfort, but both duration of FOB and easy entry of the FOB are the same in both groups. Conclusion Administration of nebulized lidocaine through CPAP before FOB leads to decreased use of lidocaine with less incidence of its adverse effects when compared with conventional method of lidocaine spray, and also it has better patient acceptance than lidocaine spray owing to its unpleasant taste. So it should be recommended for use before FOB on a wider scale.

Prolonged neonatal intubation: Prosthodontics beyond dentistry

Neonates with respiratory distress, inadequate gag reflex, poor sucking, and swallowing commonly require intubation as a routine treatment modality in the neonatal intensive care unit. It can be done by the nasal or oral route. Although nasotracheal intubation reduces the movement of the tube, it has some serious repercussions such as airway obstruction and possible hypoxia, leading to labored breathing, occlusion of the nasal aperture during a crucial period of development, nasal infections, and hypertrophy of the nasal lining. Hence, oral route is preferred over the nasal route as the oral mucosa is less susceptible to infection. However, an infant with an orotracheal tube is at risk for complications such as accidental extubation, damage to the maxillary alveolar ridge, development of a cleft palate, defective dentition, tracheal mucosal damage, subglottic stenosis, and laryngeal damage. Therefore, in an effort to reduce these complications, an appropriate recognition and dental intervention is required by the prosthodontist who by conferring with the prescribing physician could device a customized intraoral appliance for the neonate on prolonged intubation. Various intraoral appliances are being used to stabilize the tubes for infants who require prolonged intubation. For the present review, the database from various digital platforms was searched for studies published on prolonged neonatal intubation. The palatal appliances effectively stabilize the orotracheal and orogastric intubation tubes and prevent the associated complications. Thus, this early prosthodontic treatment for neonates requiring prolonged intubation further expands the scope of prosthetic dentistry to newer horizons in patient care and management.

The relationship between adherens junction and tight junction and clinical symptoms in patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Objective: To investigate the association between adherens junction proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin and tight junction protein claudin-2 and clinical symptoms in patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: Cecal biopsy tissues were collected from IBS-D patients (n=26) according to Rome Ⅲ criterion and healthy controls (n=26). The duration of symptoms, abdominal pain score and mean weekly bowel movements were recorded. Colorectal dilatation combined with restraint stress were applied to establish visceral hypersensitivity rat model. Abdominal contraction reflex (AWR) was applied to assess the visceral sensitivity in rats. The stool frequency within 1 hour was recorded after establishing the rat model. The expression of E-cadherin、β-catenin and claudin-2 were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Intercellular ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the protein expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in cecal epithelium in IBS-D patients were significantly lower (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively), while claudin-2 was significantly higher (P=0.000). Reduced E-cadherin and β-catenin expression was associated high abdominal pain score (r=-0.463, P=0.017 and r=-0.407, P=0.039). The lower expression of β-catenin was associated with longer duration of symptoms (r=-0.458, P=0.019). The protein expression of E-cadherin and ß-catenin in the cecal epithelium of the visceral hypersensitivity rats were significantly lower (P=0.004 and P=0.003, respectively), while claudin-2 was significantly higher (P=0.008). Reduced E-cadherin and ß-catenin expression was associated high visceral sensitivity in IBS-D rats (r=-0.639, P=0.047 and r=-0.888, P=0.001). Conclusions: Intercellular ultrastructure alterations well as cecal β-catenin and E-cadherin protein expression decrease and are associated with high abdominal pain score in IBS-D patients and hypersensitivity rats. β-catenin is further associated with prolonged duration of symptoms in IBS-D patients. The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin may play a vital role in visceral sensitivity and intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS-D.

Role of neuroimmunomodulation by vagus nerve stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis: Are we heading towards a drug-free era?

Progressive clinical research in the field of neuroimmunomodulation has formed a base for the development of a new therapeutic paradigm for various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One of the most common mechanisms is electrical vagus nerve stimulation of inflammation. The role of the vagal nerves in activation of various immune responses through preclinical and clinical evidence has established its role in assisting the control of inflammation and improving survival in the infectious and inflammatory disorders through efferent as well as afferent vagal pathways that regulate the peripheral inflammation via the central nervous system. Another mechanism is the neural inflammatory reflex that regulates innate and adaptive immune responses and also inhibits the production of a vital inflammatory therapeutic target molecule, known as tumor necrosis factor, for RA. This review discusses the multifactorial and multidimensional interactions between neurons and immune cells, the mechanisms of the nervous system which are responsible for the regulation of inflammation, the impact of cholinergic pathways on inflammation, and the evidence supporting the role of various bioelectronic devices in vagus nerve stimulation.

El enfoque diferencial étnico para personas, colectivos, comunidades y pueblos negros afrocolombianos raizales y palenqueros. Reflexiones para la práctica

El enfoque diferencial étnico logra cierta trayectoria entre algunas instituciones del Estado que atienden asuntos sociales, culturales y de reparación. El artículo propone una guía para la implementación de dicho enfoque -incluyendo el aspecto racial- para personas, colectivos, comunidades y pueblos negros afrocolombianos raizales y palenqueros. Para ello, retoma y analiza el discurso institucional de dicho enfoque e invita a las instituciones a construir derroteros con acciones puntuales, planeadas y reflexivas. Se concluye que este tipo de intervención debe incidir en la transformación de las injusticias socioeconómicas, raciales y culturales que sufren las y los afrodescendientes en Colombia.

Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of <i>Tephrosia vogelii</i> on <i>Heterobranchus longifilis</i> Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/l using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/l) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/l induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/l was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/l induction time 76.67 seconds.

Neuromuscular stimulation in conditions of vibrational physical activity for the prevention of osteoporosis

The review discusses the modern possibilities of non-drug rehabilitation of patients with osteoporosis. Osteopenia (osteoporosis) and osteoporosis-associated bone fractures are a global public health problem, and an intensive search is undergoing for new methods of treatment, prevention, diagnosis and screening of this disease. Innovative technologies for influencing bone remodeling using vibration training seem to be an effective method that allows you to simultaneously positively affect maintaining bone density, increasing muscle strength and improving coordination, especially in elderly patients. The evolution of study of the effects of intense neuromuscular stimulation under accelerated physical exertion, which began with fundamental work on experimental animals, now includes numerous clinical studies. Vibrational physical activity is one of the methods of biomechanical stimulation, which is considered as an innovative method in the field of rehabilitation and physiotherapy. The physiological basis of this effect is intensive neuromuscular stimulation, which causes a reflex reaction of skeletal muscles. This scientific review describes the results of both monotherapy and combined methods of exposure to vibrational stimulation using modern pharmacotherapy. Attention is focused on the positions of importance in the design of the study and the planning of rehabilitation programs of uniformly accelerated training.

Гидровибрационная стимуляция в реабилитации детей с тугоухостью высокой степени

Goals of the study were investigation the perception of vibro-acoustic signals, spreading in water, by deaf patients and the possibility of use hydrovibrotactile stimulation for habilitation of deaf children. In the first part of study 5 experienced cochlear implants (CI) users were involved – 2 adults and 3 children with congenital deafness. Participants were presented modulated tones (100-4000 Hz) and natural sounds (horn, pipe, march melody) though underwater loudspeakers in small swimming pool. Each participant was sitting in the swimming pool without CI during the stimulation. It was shown that deaf subjects are able to detect vibro-acoustic signals, spreading in water, which they feel as a vibrotactile sense. The most vibrotactile sensitivity was between 100 and 400 Hz, while stimuli between 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz didn’t evoke any sensation. In the second part of the study 30 early aged children with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss without hearing aids or CI experience were participated. It was observed typical oriented behavioral reactions in response to test stimuli in water in 15 children from the experimental group, but there weren’t reactions to the acoustic component of stimuli on air (out of water). Hydrovibrotactile stimulation sessions prior amplification and CI processor fitting accelerated the development of oriented and stable condition motor reflex reactions to sounds in children with hearing aids and CI, including even near-threshold stimuli, in comparison with control group children, who got only traditional lessons with speech-language therapist. As a result, an adequate fitting of hearing aids or CI processor and spontaneous development of hearing behavior in everyday situations were achieved significantly faster.

L’inventivité du vivant chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty

The inventiveness of life is at the heart of Merleau-Ponty’s ontology because by separating with behaviorism, philosophy could dialogue with the sciences of development to describe several techniques that we successively study as degrees in the normativity of the living : immanent techniques, ecological techniques, bodily intelligence, and, finally, morphogenetic techniques of development. Through this analysis, we demonstrate the thesis of an activation of the living body from its reflex reactivity to its non-intentional projections in its forms.

Email Thread Identification and Management

Nowadays, Email communication is use as primary communication tool in the business domain as well as in education sector. Due to massive incoming emails, overflowing inbox is one of the problems faced by email users. There are several reasons for such a situation, one of them being the unnecessary mass of thread emails. They are retained in inbox even when they are not necessary. Even if this email is deleted from inbox, the next message as thread email will hit your inbox. Wrong use of „reply-all‟ tab adds to this situation called “Email storm”. Thread emails are often generated because of users‟ careless habit to click on „Replyall‟ button. It is almost like a reflex action on their part. This work intends to solve the problem of email storm on two fronts :  Identification of thread emails  Automatically controlling thread email The three datasets Din, Dadm and Dexam from academic domain are used as training data. The experimental outcome shows that „In-Reply-To‟, „References‟ and additionally „threadindex‟ are the dominant features in identifying thread emails. We have used these features to derive thread classification strategy. The developed algorithm is used to test four datasets Dcor, DCS, DF1 and DF2. Using this method accuracy upto 99.91% is achieved. Further, the paper also suggests access control rights strategy to control email storm. The model is proposed for controlling thread emails in education domain. The control mechanism will help system administrators to control email traffic.

A Critique on Baroreceptor and their Effective Reflex Action on Compartmental Cardiovascular Modeling in Regulating Hemodynamic Parameters

Baroreceptor is the feedback unit present in the living beings which acts as a sensor that is located in the walls of blood vessels. This sensor senses the deformation in the blood vessels which causes change in arterial blood pressure and regulates it via Central Nervous System (CNS) and the information are autonomic reflexes that has a great influence on circulatory system elements such as peripheral systemic resistance (Rpsym), contractility of the ventricles (Emax), unstressed volume of the ventricles (Vus_ven) and heart rate (HR). The dynamic behaviour of the baroreceptor is modeled and substantiated by applying the negative feedback mechanism. A detailed modeling and simulation study is presented considering various testing conditions in regulating the circulatory system elements which oversees the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in cardiovascular system. The Total Artificial Cardiovascular model (TAH-CVS) is also developed using pressure, volume and flow related differential equations. Based on the testing conducted under various conditions, the feedback-mechanism of the baroreceptor model is combined with the continuous TAH-CVS closed loop model to validate the effectiveness of the baroreceptor model. The simulation results of TAH-CVS model at initial conditions are compared with the TAH-CVS model with baroreceptor.

Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin terhadap Produksi ASI pada Ibu Post Sectio Cesarea

Breastfeeding is an appropriate method for feeding babies because it provides health benefits for mothers and babies that depend on the combined action of hormones, reflexes, and behaviors that are naturally learned by mothers and newborns. Oxytocin massage is performed to stimulate the oxytocin reflex or let down reflex. By doing this massage, the mother will feel relaxed, so that the hormone oxytocin comes out the breast milk quickly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on breast milk production in post sectio secarea mothers. This research method used a quasi-experimental method (Quasi Experiment) with Post Test Only design with control group design. The sampling technique with non-probability sampling was Consecutive Sampling with the number of respondents as many as 50 samples, namely 25 samples for the intervention group and 25 people with the control group. Data analysis applied the Chi-Square test. Results: the results of the bivariate analysis showed that the p-value in each measurement was 0.039, 0.003, 0.002, which means that there were differences in the proportions of the smoothness of breast milk in the intervention group and the control group. Conclusion: There is a difference in the proportion of smoothness of breast milk in the intervention group and the control group, and there is no relationship between oxytocin massage with age, education, occupation, and parity

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Kamera DSLR Dengan Metode Promethee

Kamera Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) adalah sebuah kamera dengan sistem digital yang memakai satu buah lensa yang terpasang di body kamera. Semua merk kamera DSLR membagi konsumen mereka di kelas-kelas pengguna kamera untuk mepermudah pengguna menbedakan fiturnya, seperti : kelas pemula (entry level), kelas profesional (semi-professional & professional) dan kelas menengah (semi advanced & advanced). Pemilihan kamera DSLR untuk komsumen memiliki cukup banyak parameter yang dapat dijadikan tolak ukur bagi seseorang untuk menentukan kamera DSLR mana yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan keinginannya. Parameter digunakan dalam penentuan kamera DSLR dapat berupa penilaian subjektif atau penilaian objektif. Terkadang seseorang kesulitan dalam menentukan parameter yang diambil dalam menentukan keputusan, sehingga pilihan yang diambil pada akhirnya kurang begitu sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan. Metode promethee merupakan salah satu penentuan urutan (prioritas) dalam analisis multikriteria. Kesederhanaan, kejelasan, dan kestabilan, merupakan fokus masalah pokok dalam metode promethee. Seperti kebanyakan metode lainnya, proses perangkingan dilakukan dengan melakukan seleksi kepada beberapa alternatif dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Terdapat Sembilan kriteria yang akan diuji, yaitu : image resolution, video resolution, ISO, focus point, screen pixel, shutter speed, battery life, class camera dan harga. Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Kamera DSLR ini dibuat dengan Bahasa pemrograman berbasis web PHP dan mysql sebagai perangkat lunak sistem manajemen database. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi kamera DSLR sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan oleh calon konsumen secara efisien dan efektif, sehingga meminimalisir kemungkinan kerugian yang didapatkan oleh konsumen.

Synthesis, growth and structural properties of (Cu<sub>1-x</sub>Ag<sub>x</sub>)<sub>7</sub>GeSe<sub>5</sub>I solid solutions

Проведено синтез та вирощування монокристалів твердих розчинів (Cu 1-x Ag x ) 7 GeSe 5 I. Рентгеноструктурні дослідження показали, що у системі Cu 7 GeSe 5 I – Ag 7 GeSe 5 I утворюється неперервний ряд твердих розчинів (Cu 1-x Ag x ) 7 GeSe 5 I, які кристалізуються в гранецен­трованiй кубiчнiй комiрцi . Встановлено, що концентраційна зміна параметра гратки відбувається у відповідності до закону Вегарда.

El Trabajo Social y la dimensión ambiental

La intervención-investigación del Trabajo Social en la dimensión ambiental es un área del conocimiento y un imperativo ético-político. En este artículo se explican los argumentos que fundamentan tal relación y se presentan algunos desafíos que plantean estas dos connotaciones. Para ello, el escrito enfatiza en la necesidad que tiene la profesión de valorar múltiples formas de expresión de vida humana y no humana, resultantes de las correlaciones socioambientales en diversos escenarios. El planteamiento de algunos retos elucidan las posibilidades que tiene el Trabajo Social de pensar el ambiente como una categoría articuladora en el quehacer profesional. Estos se enmarcan en el enfoque teórico y metodológico de la ecología política y de la sustentabilidad en la dimensión ambiental. La reflexión es un llamado a considerar categorías analíticas como la del conflicto y la educación ambiental para la acción crítica-reflexiva de las relaciones cultura–naturaleza, la gestión colectiva para el acceso a recursos naturales, y la concepción patrimonial de la naturaleza.

A guerra do Vietnã na música: um estudo a partir da canção Era um garoto que como eu amava os Beatles e os Rolling Stones

Este artigo objetivou compreender a Guerra do Vietnã (1955-1975) a partir da ótica musical, tentando enxergar na subjetividade do compositor os reflexos do confronto apresentados na canção. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, o texto está estruturado em três momentos. Inicialmente se faz um estudo da história a partir da música como documento histórico. Na sequência são tecidas análises sobre o contexto da guerra, suas motivações, vicissitudes e direcionamentos. E em seguida é tomada a canção Era um garoto que como eu amava os Beatles e os Rolling Stones como documento de análise. O referencial teórico contempla os estudos de Marcos Napolitano (2002), Eric Hobsbawm (1995), Rodrigo Pedroso (2015) e outros. Como resultados, percebeu-se que a guerra representou interesses do governo norte-americano que, ao buscar combater e frear o avanço do socialismo pela Eurásia, apropriou-se da vida comum de jovens soldados, dizimando-a. Por outro lado, o estudo demonstrou que trabalhar com outros documentos históricos amplia as possibilidades de pesquisa e permite ao pesquisador lançar outros olhares sobre a história e, no caso específico da música, perceber as particularidades do olhar do sujeito que a compõe/canta.

An Artificial Somatic Reflex Arc.

The emulation of human sensation, perception, and action processes has become a major challenge for bioinspired intelligent robotics, interactive human-machine interfacing, and advanced prosthetics. Reflex actions, enabled through reflex arcs, are important for human and higher animals to respond to stimuli from environment without the brain processing and survive the risks of nature. An artificial reflex arc system that emulates the functions of the reflex arc simplifies the complex circuit design needed for "central-control-only" processes and becomes a basic electronic component in an intelligent soft robotics system. An artificial somatic reflex arc that enables the actuation of electrochemical actuators in response to the stimulation of tactile pressures is reported. Only if the detected pressure by the pressure sensor is above the stimulus threshold, the metal-organic-framework-based threshold controlling unit (TCU) can be activated and triggers the electrochemical actuators to complete the motion. Such responding mechanism mimics the all-or-none law in the human nervous system. As a proof of concept, the artificial somatic reflex arc is successfully integrated into a robot to mimic the infant grasp reflex. This work provides a unique and simplifying strategy for developing intelligent soft robotics, next-generation human-machine interfaces, and neuroprosthetics.

Clinical observation on retroillumination assisted continuous circular capsulorhexis

Objective To observe the application of illuminator guided retroillumination assisted continuous circular capsulorhexis. Methods A prospective study. Thirty eyes of 30 cases with cataract with vitreous hemorrhage, with poor fundus red reflex, from Sep. 2016 to Aug. 2017 in this hospital, were enrolled. After the ophthalmic endoilluminator was inserted into the vitreous, the endoilluminator was irradiated forward from the posterior lens capsule, then continuous circular capsulorhexis was performed. Phacoemulsification and vitrectomy were carried out routinely. The followed-up time was 8-12 months. Results The continuous circular capsulorhexis and phacoemulsification were performed successfully in all 30 eyes without any posterior capsule rupture. Vitreous hemaorrhage was completely removed, and retinal diseases was properly treated. The visual acuity before operation was HM-0.04 in 27 eyes(90.00%) and 0.05 in 3 eyes(10.00%). Postoperative visual acuity of all patients were 0.05 or better. The difference of visual acuity was statistically significant between before and after operation (χ2=49.091, P=0.000). Conclusion The illuminator guided retroillumination assisted continuous circular capsulorhexis can effectively solve the difficulty of poor red light reflex for cataract patients with vitreous hemorrhage. Key words: Capsulorhexis, circular, continuous, retroillumination; Phacoemulsification, lens; Vitrectomy

Trigeminocardiac reflex and anesthesia

Trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-established brain stem reflex that manifests as sudden cardiac perturbations, including bradycardia, arterial hypotension, asystole, apnea, and gastric hypermobility by surgical stimulation. The intense episode of the TCR is life-threatening. It has been widely concerned by anesthesiologists because of the great amount of surgeries could be involved in TCR and the high incidence of TCR. This review summarized the definition, pathological mechanisms, classification, incidences and its correlation with anesthesia, prevention, treatment and prognosis of the TCR so as to provide a reference for anesthesiologists to recognize and manage the TCR in time during general anesthesia. Key words: Trigeminocardiac reflex; Anesthesia

Linking environmental factors with reflex action mortality predictors, physiological stress, and post-release movement behaviour to evaluate the response of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836) to catch-and-release angling

White sturgeon are the largest freshwater fish in North America and are the focus of an intense catch-and-release (C&R) fishery; the effects are largely unknown. We assessed the effect of fight and handling time, water temperature, river discharge rate, and fish size on physiological and reflex impairment responses of wild white sturgeon to angling. Sixty of these fish were tagged with acoustic transmitters to assess survival and post-release behaviour. Survival was high (100%). Water temperature and discharge influenced post-capture blood physiology. Specifically, lactate, chloride, and cortisol concentrations were elevated in individuals fought longer, and captured at higher water temperatures and river discharge. Cortisol was affected by fish size, with lower concentrations found in larger individuals. Only lactate and chloride were positively related to reflex impairment scores. Post-release movements were correlated with physiological state, fight characteristics and the environment. Specifically, higher blood lactate and chloride and those with longer fight times moved shorter distances after release. Contrastingly, higher levels of circulating glucose and potassium, as well as larger fish captured during periods of high discharge moved longer distances. Sturgeon tended to move shorter distances and at slower rates when reflex impairment was high, although reflex impairment in general did not explain a significant proportion of the variance in any movement metric. Our results show intriguing variance in the physiological and behavioural response of individual white sturgeon to C&R angling, with some degree of environmental dependence, and highlights the importance of understanding drivers of such variation when managing fisheries.