Reflection Type Research Articles

Modern Approaches to Criminalistic Identification: The Role of Genomic Identification

Criminalistic identification is an important instrument in the investigation of crimes. The article analyzes the classification of identification methods with an emphasis on genomic identification. The importance of applying modern methods of genomic identification in criminalistics is stressed, the problems associated with the collection of specimens for comparative research are studied, and the requirements to the collection of traces of biological origin are described. The author presents a review of publications and current research methods in the field of criminalistic identification. A classification of criminalistic identification based on different criteria is given, including the criteria of legal nature, type of reflection, evidential significance and properties of identified objects. Key methods of genomic identification, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microsatellite analysis, DNA sequencing and others are examined within the context of their application in criminalistics. The author presents the results of analyzing the existing methods of genomic identification and the problems connected with specimen collection. The requirements to the collection of traces of biological origin are identified. However, it is considered impossible to offer a universal algorithm of identifying, collecting and preserving biological evidence. The analysis of the results allows the author to draw conclusions about the importance of genomic identification in criminalistics and the necessity of observing requirements to collecting the traces of biological origin.

Preliminary inquiry on the linear relationship between the height of the station and the ground height error retrieved by GNSS-IR with low-cost smart electronic equipment

Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) ground height retrieval technology is based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal reflection, which can achieve efficient and high-precision ground retrieval. However, errors cannot be avoided. And whether there is a linear relationship between the height of the station and the error is unknown. This research uses Hi-Target geodetic GNSS receivers, smart phone devices (Honor 60) and smart tablet devices (Huawei MatePad Pro) to collect a total of 5 d data from DOY65 to DOY69 in 2023, with the station heights of 0.8 m, 1.0 m, 1.2 m, 1.4 m and 1.6 m, respectively. The experimental results show that each satellite can effectively establish a linear relationship between the inversion error and the station height, which can be used in the error compensation research of different station heights under the limitation that the height of reflector is between 0.8 m and 1.6 m. Simultaneously, the error is related to the influence of comprehensive factors such as reflector type, satellite number, and data-receiving equipment. Secondly, two clustering methods, k-means and k-media, are introduced to cluster a and b in the linear relationship y = ax + b of each satellite, and it is proved that the linear relationship between inversion error and station height is obviously related to ground reflection surface (plastic track and concrete ground). Finally, it is verified that the height measurement accuracy of low-cost smart electronic equipment (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 0.047 m and 0.042 m) is worse than that of GNSS (RMSE: 0.010 m), but it still has good measurement performance. All in all, this study provides an essential technical reference for the error compensation of different station heights and for the application of GNSS-IR with low-cost smart electronic equipment. Due to its low-cost advantage, it has great potential in developing other surface parameter inversion of GNSS-IR technology.

From Tourist to Pilgrim: Theological and Pastoral Challenges in the Context of the Camino de Santiago

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the current challenges to the identity of the Christian pilgrim in the face of the dynamic growth of religious tourism. The semantic inflation that results in every wanderer being described as a pilgrim implies a new configuration of pastoral care, especially in terms of responding to the perceived “consumerism of the sacred.” In the context of Zygmunt Bauman’s observations concerning the transformation of the pilgrim into the tourist, the article proposes a reverse type of reflection, that is, how the tourist can become a pilgrim in the reality of modern-day pilgrimage routes. The Camino de Santiago was chosen as the point of reference, and current pastoral activities – both institutional and individual – were analyzed.

The Problem оf the Research Methods оf the Value-Motivational Sphere оf Personality in the Times оf Transformations

Our country is currently in a very dynamic situation. Rapid changes in a society demand prompt and timely diagnostics of the psychological condition of large and small social groups, that, in turn, makes the problem of toolkit relevant. In the article the comparative analysis of two various types of techniques used in the studies of motivation and value orientations — the traditional method and the reflexive one — is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of techniques are highlighted. The important advantage of reflexive techniques is that they minimize the problem of equivalence of meanings of the researcher and the respondents. Reflexive techniques also allow for the integration of qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Traditional techniques and methodologies are focused on a quantitative analysis of results. They are easy to create and use. Automation of data processing is possible. Conclusions are made, that use of techniques of reflective type is necessary during crises and rapid changes; and the development of traditional techniques should be based on the results received by qualitative methods.

Characteristics of Chaotic Weak Reflection in Carbonate Fracture-Cavity Reservoirs: A Case Study of Ordovician Reservoirs in Block 10 of the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, China.

The identification of carbonate reservoirs is a critical task in oil and gas exploration. Chaotic weak reflection is an important type of reflection characteristic in carbonate reservoirs. Widespread distribution of chaotic weak reflection has been observed in the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Tahe area. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the distribution, characteristics, reservoir space, and reservoir types of chaotic weak reflection in the Tahe area. To address this issue, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiscale data and found that chaotic weak reflections are distributed within 100 ms below the top interface of the Middle Ordovician. Seismic profiles exhibit a "string of pearls" with a "tail" or "pearl-like" widening feature. On well logs, all three porosity curves exhibit localized peaks, with increases in acoustic (AC) and compensated neutron (CNL) and decreases in density (DEN), while the deep and shallow lateral resistivity (RD, RS) curves show positive amplitude differences. In the FMI, they are represented by dark sinusoidal curves and dark small patches. Based on these response characteristics, two types of reservoir spaces are identified for chaotic weak reflections: high-angle vertical fractures and caves with heights less than 7 m, which can form independent reservoirs or fracture-cavity complexes. Three types of reservoirs are distinguished: fracture, cavity, and cavity-fracture types.

Prospective Teachers’ Reflection Toward the Implementation of Independent Curriculum in Teaching Practice Program

Reflection has a vital contribution to improving teachers’ teaching performance as well as their professional growth. Therefore, this research investigates how prospective teachers apply reflection activities in teaching and learning and the impacts of the implementation of an independent curriculum during teaching practice program activities. Using qualitative research, the researchers employed a group interview consisting of two participants in each group. The participants were six prospective teachers who accomplished the teaching practice program. Three types of reflections were employed, i.e., reflection-before-lesson, reflection-during-lesson, and reflection-after-lesson. The results indicate that teachers’ reflective practice leads to improvement in their teaching process and builds engagement with the students. The insights of the research results are further discussed.

Metamaterial-based smart and flexible Optical Solar Reflectors

In the frame of projects funded by the European Commission and the ESA, we developed a new type of Optical Solar Reflector (OSR) that combines the flexibility and easy handling of Second Surface Mirrors with the temperature-variable emittance necessary to ensure both effective radiative cooling in the hot phase and reduced heat losses in the cold phase. The new smart OSR consists of a metamaterial coating deposited on Kapton film. The coating is made of two functional blocks, namely a variable emitter topped by a dielectric solar reflector. The variable emitter is a Metamaterial Perfect Absorber designed for strong and broadband plasmonic resonance absorption in the thermal IR. It consists of a metal back-reflector, a dielectric spacer, and an array of doped VO2 thermochromic micro-antennas that are switched-off when the temperature drops below the metal-to-insulator transition point. The solar reflector is a wideband dielectric filter made of materials that are transparent across the entire spectrum from the VIS to the thermal IR. All the layers of the two blocks are deposited by standard vacuum techniques, while the array is patterned by Nanoimprint Lithography, a technique that is often performed at the wafer level but allows for up-scaling via roll-to-roll or roll-to-plate production setups. The paper reports on the characterization and testing of samples of size up to 100 mm x 100 mm, at the Beginning of Life and after thermal, humidity, irradiation and handling tests.

The meaning of difficulties in career narratives: the case of sports graduates

AbstractAs the careers of today are no longer typically stable and predictable, people should expect to encounter many challenges during their working life. The present study aimed to explore the meaning of difficulties in modern career-themed life narratives. A total of 54 Finnish sports graduates’ narratives were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify the meanings attributed to difficulties. Findings revealed that difficulties both shaped the plot and initiated multiple types of reflections in the narratives. The paper suggests that difficulties should be considered as a meaningful part of career narratives and discusses the application of the findings in career counselling.

Comparison Of Learning Styles Used By Clinical Faculty Of Hospital And General Practitioners For Their Professional Development

Aims & Objectives: To compare the learning styles used by hospital clinical faculty and general practitioners for their professional development/ continued medical education. Place and Duration of Study: This was a Comparative cross-sectional study carried out at Pakistan Kidney and Liver institute and research canter Lahore from October 2019 to November 2020. Material & Methods: Total number of seventy-six medical professionals comprising thirty-eight members of clinical faculty and similar number of general practitioners were included in the study. Amongst these, 45 were males and 31 females’ Learning style questionnaire adopted from Honey and Mumford was distributed to all the participants. According to the learning styles they were grouped into Activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists with preference categorization of Very strong, strong, moderate, low and very low. Data was entered and analyzed usin SPSS version 22 Chi-square test was applied to see the significant difference in two groups and P value was calculated and value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 45 males and 31 females with ratio of 1.45:1 .In general practitioners the strongest learning style was reflector, followed by theorist, activist and pragmatists.While in the clinical faculty the strongest preference was again for reflectors, followed by activists then theorists and finally pragmatists, the significant difference statistically was only seen in the moderate preference in activist group which was 0.038. Conclusion: Reflector type of learning style based on pondering, experiencing and observing different perspectives was strongly observed in both genders of consultants and general practitioners. However, a moderate degree of activist type of learning style influenced by doing and feeling was also noted in the general practitioners. Further planning instructional strategy and assessment based on these learning styles could benefit the career growth of these two groups of health professionals.

Experimental Research on Temperature Sensing of Seawater Based on Three Interferometers Incorporated With Bow Tie Fiber

Three interferometers (the Sagnac sensor, the linear polarization interferometer, and the reflecting polarization interferometer) incorporated with the bow tie fiber are proposed to detect the seawater temperature. Bow tie fiber, a kind of polarization maintaining fiber, has stress induced birefringence. The three interferometers are categorized as transmission and reflection types to analyze the sensing principles. Related experiments are performed to explore the influence of the wavelength and length of the bow tie fiber on the sensitivity and free spectral range (FSR). The sensitivity and FSR both increase with the wavelength increasing. The sensitivity fluctuates in a small range and FSR decreases with the length increasing. The reflecting polarization interferometer has the bigger sensitivity of −1.19nm/°C than the other two. And it has the advantages of easy fabrication, simple operation, and good stability, so it is applicable in real ocean exploration. Our work can provide a reference to researchers who do oceanographic research.

Emotional competencies as a factor in maintaining the mental health of medical workers

Aim. To study the protective role of emotional competencies (ECs) in maintaining the mental health of medical workers.Material and methods. The sample consisted of 170 medical workers. Methods for assessing the level of emotional burnout and empathic abilities by V. V. Boyko, emotional intelligence by D. V. Lyusin, the style of behavior self-regulation by V. I. Morosanova, the differential type of reflection by D. A. Leontiev, the neuroticism by K. K. Yakhin, D. M. Mendelevich. The following statistical methods were used: correlation analysis (Pearson r-test), hierarchical factor analysis.Results. Reliable two-way correlations were determined between a wide range of individual symptoms of emotional burnout and neuroticism, which are manifestations of mental illness, and the characteristics of the emotional intelligence of medical workers. Based on factor analysis of self-regulation parameters, empathy, reflection and emotional intelligence, 4 ECs were identified: intrapersonal areflexive Ego-centered, intrapersonal infantile, regulative, intrapersonal reflexive. We determined that in mentally healthy medical workers, the regulative ECs are most pronounced. Employees with the early stage mental illness simultaneously present intrapersonal ECs that are multidirectional in terms of reflexivity (areflexive Ego-centered and reflexive). Mentally unhealthy medical workers were found to be unformed in all ECs.Conclusion. The positive relationships identified in the study between regulative mature intrapersonal and interpersonal ECs and a favorable mental health of medical workers suggest the need to develop training programs for ECs as a factor in maintaining the mental health of medical workers.

Spatial Distribution Imaging of Resist Thin Film with Micrometer Resolution using Reflection Type Soft X-ray Projection Microscope

Spatial Distribution Imaging of Resist Thin Film with Micrometer Resolution using Reflection Type Soft X-ray Projection Microscope

1-Bit Transmission-Type Digital Programmable Coding Metasurface with Multi-Functional Beam-Shaping Capability for Ka-Band Applications.

Digital programmable coding metasurfaces (DPCMs) have recently attracted enormous attention and have been broadly applied, owing to their ability to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wave behaviours and programmable multi-functionality. Recent DPCM works are divided into reflection and transmission types (R-DPCM and T-DPCM, respectively); however, there are only a few reported T-DPCM works in the millimetre-wave spectrum, owing to the difficulty of realising the large-phase controllable range while maintaining low transmission losses with electronic control components. Consequently, most millimetre-wave T-DPCMs are demonstrated only with limited functions in a single design. Additionally, all these designs use high-cost substrate materials that constrain practical applicability, owing to cost-ineffectiveness. Herein, we propose a 1-bit T-DPCM that simultaneously performs three dynamic beam-shaping functions with a single structure for millimetre-wave applications. The proposed structure is completely constructed using low-cost FR-4 materials, and operation of each meta-cell is manipulated using PIN-diodes, thus driving the achievement of multiple effective dynamic functionalities including dual-beam scanning, multi-beam shaping, and orbital-angular-momentum-mode generation. It should be noted that there are no reported millimetre-wave T-DPCMs demonstrating multi-function design, thus showing a gap in the recent literature of millimetre-wave T-DPCMs. Moreover, cost-effectiveness can be significantly enhanced, owing to the construction of the proposed T-DPCM using only low-cost material.

The Role of Antitranspirants in Mitigating Drought Stress in Plants of the Grass Family (Poaceae)—A Review

One of the biggest problems facing agriculture is the occurrence of droughts. Due to ongoing climate change, many regions of the world are exposed to increasingly frequent and prolonged water shortages. The situation may significantly reduce production and the quality of many crops in the Poaceae family, including crucial cereals. Therefore, it is important to find solutions that can help adapt plants to the drought phenomenon and reduce its negative effects. One measure that could potentially improve the condition of plants and help them survive under water deficit conditions is the use of antitranspirants (AT), which are products that reduce transpiration. Antitranspirants are divided into three groups: film-forming, metabolic, and reflective types. This review aimed to the current state of knowledge on the effects of selected AT applications on Poaceae plants under drought conditions. It demonstrated that AT, in many cases, mitigates the negative effects of drought on crops such as maize, wheat, or rice, which are crucial for global food security. Furthermore, AT often improved growth and yield parameters. These results are particularly relevant for countries that are important cereals producers and are more vulnerable to droughts in the future. However, it should be noted that the results obtained often depend on several factors, such as plant species, environment, type of antitranspirant, and applied dose. Therefore, it is advisable to measure further the effects of AT on plants under drought-stress conditions.

Strong shock solutions in symmetric wedge flows: Unphysical or unstable?

This paper investigates the strong shock solutions in a supersonic wedge experimentally, analytically, and numerically. Experiments and computations are conducted on scaled-down models for the two types of shock reflection to be possible. The time-resolved schlieren observation of the flow evolution revealed that the shock formation is a highly dynamic transition of the starting shock from a strong Mach reflection (MR) to a weak regular reflection (RR) via a strong RR reflection over a constant shock wave angle for a wedge angle less than the detachment criterion angle for the shock transition. However, when the wedge angle is greater than the detachment criterion angle, the shock moves over the wedge with the MR structures of diminishing Mach stem height at a constant incident shock wave angle. These intermediate shock reflections are found to be unstable and oscillate at high amplitude and low frequencies to upstream pressure fluctuations. The nature of the intermediate shock reflection during the shock transition over the wedge has also been studied using an unsteady second-order two-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes solver code with shear stress transport k-ω turbulence modeling. The computed flow parameters around the intermediate shock reflections confirmed that these are indeed strong shock reflections believed to be unphysical in steady wedge flows.

УРОК У НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ АКАДЕМІКА ОЛЕКСАНДРИ САВЧЕНКО: ДОСЛІДЖУЄМО СПАДЩИНУ ВИДАТНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВЧЕНОЇ

In the article reveals the evolution of academician O. Savchenko's scientific views on the modernization of the lesson in primary school, namely: updating the lesson at the stage of development of national primary education; didactic features of lessons for six-year-old students; modernization of the lesson on the basis of person-oriented learning; improving the effectiveness of the lesson in the context of introducing the competence approach. The main trends in the development of national primary education are outlined based on the analysis of the scientific activity of a well-known Ukrainian scientist. The article evaluates the scientist's contribution to the development of the lesson in primary school at the stage of formation of the national school and characterizes his innovative model, developed by an outstanding teacher, the core of which is the organization of educational activities of younger schoolchildren. The article highlights the ideas of academician O. Savchenko's research activities regarding developmental learning, the prerequisites for a successful and effective lesson in primary school, the multivariate structure of the lesson, the features of the motivational and developmental components of the lesson. We present the general didactic aspects of the lesson for six-year-old students, defined in the scientific heritage of the outstanding scientist. The research revealed the vision of a well-known pedagogue regarding the modernization of the lesson on the basis of person-oriented learning and the peculiarities of its construction (variety of methods and technologies, diagnosticity of learning, the advantage of educational dialogue). Its integral system of organization of personal-oriented communication in the lesson in the first grade school is presented. The author analyzed the system of views of Academician O. Savchenko regarding the improvement of lesson efficiency in the context of the introduction of the competence approach. The didactic principles of lesson construction based on the competence approach, its reflective component and types of educational results of primary school students (personal, subject, intersubject, metasubject) determined by the scientist are characterized. Conclusions were made regarding the contribution of the outstanding scientist O. Savchenko to the improvement of the modern lesson in elementary school. Key words: Oleksandra Savchenko, a scientific discourse, a scientific heritage, a lesson in primary school, а development of national primary education, a person-oriented learning, a competence approach.

Death anxiety and extra-role performance in military and non-military employees: A predictive study

Death awareness in the military context has received little research attention despite the high exposure of military employees to death. Drawing on Terror Management Theory (TMT), Meaning Management Theory (MMT), and Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), this study investigated the impact of death anxiety on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) through meaningful work (MW). It also investigated the moderating role of type of profession (military vs. non-military) and death reflection on the relationship between death anxiety, on one hand, and OCB and CWB, on the other hand. Data were collected through self-reports from 177 employees from an Air Force military organization (N = 81) as well as non-military professions (N = 96) using a time-lagged research design. The most obvious finding was the positive relationship between meaningful work and OCB. Our data did not provide empirical support for the other hypotheses developed. The implications of these findings are presented and future research directions are proposed.

The optimal energy-efficient design of user-specific RIS-aided uplink communication system

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has the potential to be an important technology for the sixth-generation (6G) communications in future. Especially, RIS can improve communication performance by extending coverage or improving the conditions for signal propagation. Most of the current work mainly focused on the reflective type RIS. In contrast, the recent emergence of user-specific reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (US-RIS) is a transmissive type. Unlike reflective RIS, which is typically deployed near the base station, US-RIS is deployed on the user side and is capable of adjusting the phase of the user’s signal. In this paper, our research focuses on energy-efficient in the context of quality of service requirements. For this purpose, we formulate a joint optimization problem. As the optimization problem is non-convex, we separate and treat these variables in several sub-problems. The sub-problems are solved separately for the variables by alternating updates, either using closed-form solutions or using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method. In addition, it is clear from the simulation results that US-RIS is able to improve the energy efficiency of the communication system. Furthermore, the increased number of US-RIS elements can also improve the energy efficiency of the communication system.

The Employment of EFL English Teachers’ Reflective Teaching: Types and Tools for Assessing Oneself

Reflecting on the teaching and learning process has been carried out as an important way of assessing oneself to improve teachers’ competence and professionalism. During blended learning in EFL classroom context, the results of the reflective teaching should be informative for teachers to know their teaching quality as well as to understand the students’ need and expectation in their learning. Thus, various reflective teaching strategies have been employed to enhance teachers’ reflective practice. This descriptive study is aimed to analyze the reflective teaching types and the strategies employed by the EFL English teachers in reflecting on their teaching. 17 secondary experienced English teachers were involved as the participants. Questionnaire and unstructured interview guide were administered to gather the data and the results were analyzed descriptively. The findings show that the English teachers tended to do reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. They implemented various reflective teaching strategies such as students’ feedback, workshop or seminar, video recording, reflective journal writing, study-group, and class walk-through observation. Among those strategies, class walk-through observation done by the school supervisor was considered to be the least effective strategy. Portfolio, action-research, survey/questionnaire, and peer-observation were never conducted due to certain reasons. However, the discussion about the implementation of those reflective teaching strategies was limited in term of data collection in this study. Thus, several suggestions in relation to the limitation of the data findings are provided in this study.

Research on the characteristics of fluid escape near the seabed in Bohai Bay

AbstractSeabed fluid flow happens due to the complex interactionamong the accumulation, migration and escape of hydrocarbon and/or fluids. As shallow gas accumulations are anomalously developed in Bohai Bay, studying fluid flow features provides insights for understanding environment fluid in the Bohai Sea. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to make practical and effective use of single‐channel seismic reflection data to delineate and interpret subsurface fluid flow features by analysing the variance, sweetness, instantaneous frequency, and root mean square amplitude of seismic attributes. Four types of submarine fluid escape features, including pockmarks, mounds, fluid vents, dimmed or chaotic seafloor reflections, and two shallow fluid migration pathways (gas chimneys and faults) are distinguished on the single‐channel seismic reflection profiles. Gas chimneys are divided into strict columnar and irregular columnar chimneys, fluid migration along faults is critically dependent on the activity of faults. Enhanced reflections and bright spots may be good indicators of lateral fluid migration and accumulation of fluids in porous formations. We propose a shallow fluid flow model in the study area that illustrates the dynamic fluid migration process in terms of possible fluid sources, shallow migration pathways, and submarine fluid escape features.