Philosophical Reflection Research Articles

Топосы нарратива компьютерных игр и особенности репрезентации гендерных образов

Computer games, which have become widespread in the modern cultural space, reflect many phenomena of the real world, the reality surrounding a person, and even aspects of an individual's self-representation. The most important characteristic, finding its representation in a computer-game narrative, is the gender of the characters. In addition, in modern games there is also reflection on the problem of gender. Many modern games try to capture the complexity of the gender image, the correlation between gender and the game world, the presence of stories of world culture in the gender image, mythology and even experiences of philosophical reflection. In modern computer games we can distinguish games with complex gender images within the framework of a complicated game narrative. These games represent the topoi of the internal game space as examples of a certain gaming space-time which shows the gender image in its complexity/simplicity. The au-thor analyzes gender images within the topoi of the game narrative through psychoanalytic and phenomeno-logical registers, as well as two ways of fixing gender characteristics: discursive and semiotic-narrative.

Valerii Herasymchuk’s biographical drama: culturological intertextuality

The article is devoted to a voluminous biographical dramas Valerii Herasymchuk — the cycle «Piesy pro velykyh (Plays about the Great)». It is not yet fully formed, as the author is still adding works to this day, so it is required careful reading. A professional analysis of the writer’s biographical drama in the context of the intertextual methodology of modern literary studies seems appropriate.It is noted that Valerii Herasymchuk created his own system of relationships to the biographies and works of each of his protagonists, practicing new genre experiments and updating the already known forms of literary biography in relation to the cycle «Piesy pro velykyh (Plays about the Great)».Analysis of literary works devoted to contemporary biographical drama allows us to conclude that researchers of its various aspects often ignore the dramatic works of Valerii Herasymchuk as quite difficult for literary reception. At the center of each drama in the cycle «Piesy pro velykyh (Plays about the Great)» is a prominent historical or cultural figure: Metropolitan Andrii Sheptytsky, writer and film director Oleksandr Dovzhenko, historian and fiction writer Dmytro Yavornytskyi, Hetman Ivan Mazepa, poet Olena Teliha, fighter for Ukraine Stepan Bandera, classics of Ukrainian modern literature Ivan Franko and Lesia Ukrainka, singer Kvitka Cisyk, and outstanding Ukrainian director Les Kurbas.These plays can refer to different models and kinds of biographical drama, which is a distinctive feature of contemporary Ukrainian drama. As a playwright, Valerii Herasymchuk creates one of the directions of its development. His biographical drama organically combines dominant tendencies tied to the broadest cultural intertext. Valerii Herasymchuk’s innovation is the involvement of dramatic genres in the system of motifs and characters of plays, when the cultural intertext in the dramatic discourseworks at one of the deepest levels — the genre level.Herasymchuk’s biographical drama, represented by the cycle «Piesy pro velykyh (Plays about the Great)», is distinguished by «biographical trust», brave genre experimentation, and different strategies of prose, fiction, philosophical and literary reflections. Summarizing all of the above, Valerii Herasymchuk’s biographical drama is a promising material for literary analysis and generalization.

Проблема цифрового распознавания поведения личности в условиях современных вызовов: социально-философский и теологический анализ

Introduction. The article examines the problem of digital personality recognition as one of the dimensions of artificial intelligence from the perspective of socio-philosophical and theological analysis. Theoretical analysis. One of the distinctive features of the scientific and technological development of modern society is that various artificial intelligence (AI) systems have moved from the category of science fiction, utopian projects, innovative developments, prototypes and market innovations to the category of familiar and little-noticed elements of everyday life. This technology, also known as the Internet of Behavior, involves identifying and assessing an individual’s behavior both from the point of view of compliance with requirements and from the point of view of identifying patterns of individual behavior that can become the basis for his identification. The prerequisites and conditions for the emergence of the phenomenon of “golemization” of the individual are analyzed, i.e. its reduction to a set of external physical actions and manifestations without taking into account internal motives as one of the risks that require social philosophical and theological reflection. Conclusion. Within the framework of socio-philosophical and theological discourse, digital recognition of personal behavior can have a positive meaning, because increases attention to responsibility for one’s actions and potentially leads to a decrease in crime rates, as well as a negative value due to the possibility of creating virtual identities that differ from a person’s true identity.

Educational Improvement Science: The Art of the Improving Organization

Purpose To advocate educational improvement science (EIS) as an emerging transdisciplinary field, I reflect on the three major pathways of educational advancement in human history, discern the misuses and pitfalls of reform, and theorize how education can be improved to better serve its mission. Design/Approach/Methods Employing a multiperspectival approach, I critically re-examine educational reforms and improvements worldwide and conceptualize the emerging transdisciplinary field through an extensive literature review, etymological analysis, international comparisons, and socio-historical, -cultural and -philosophical reflections. Findings In this paper, I advance the concept of neo-improvementalism for EIS by elucidating its philosophical assumptions, disciplinary fundamentals, and theoretical frameworks through historical and comparative lenses. I identify and construct disciplinary knowledge of EIS comprising two categories, namely, subject matter knowledge and profound knowledge, adopted from improvement science. I then highlight three methodological approaches of EIS and the building of professional improvement communities empowering individual and institutional improvement capabilities. I propose that EIS is the art of the improving organization for classes, schools, and/or more broadly defined educational agencies. Originality/Value This study recognizes the significance of EIS and research thereon, especially discipline-building and exploration based on local characteristics in a global vision, and the cultivation of new frontiers of educational research and practices.

Self-Determination and Absolute Dependence: A Comparison of the Relationship between the “Self” and the “Other” and Its Dimension in The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch and Schleiermacher’s Christian Philosophy

As a classic of Zen Buddhism, The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, starting from the core concept of “self-nature and self-determination”, fully demonstrates the “Self” dimension and the “self-mastery” and “self-bearing” spiritual temperament of Master Huineng, who put forward the idea that “Buddhahood is realized within the essential-nature; do not seek for it outside yourself.” 佛向性中作，莫向身外求, and the spiritual temperament of “self-mastery” and “self-responsibility”. In contrast, Schleiermacher, as “the father of modern Protestant theology”, in his philosophical reflection on religion, grasped the notion of piety centered on “the feeling of absolute dependence” and enriched it with the substance of religious self-consciousness to establish and reveal the essence of religious faith and Christianity. This sharp contrast fully demonstrates the important difference of Buddhism and Christianity in dealing with the relationship between the “Self” and the “Other”. This essential difference reflects the fact that the Zen Buddhist classics represented by The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch are both rooted in the Buddhist tradition and based on the traditional Chinese philosophical theory of mind and nature, based on which is the faith model of seeking liberation from the nature of the “Self”. In contrast, The Christian faith, as typified by Schleiermacher’s Christian philosophy, attempts to establish a model of faith that seeks salvation through devout faith in the Absolute Supreme, and to take this point as the essence and basis of religious faith and Christian faith.

Origem e relevância da filosofia da ideia cosmonômica no presbiterianismo mexicano

The Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea has its origin in the reflection of various Dutch theologians and philosophers at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, whose principle is found in the relationship of Christianity in its integral sense, with the different areas action of social life. He maintains that the Protestant Reformation movement cannot be limited to the ecclesiastical sphere and theological development, but, because of its foundation in the Scriptures, impacts the whole of life. In such a way that, it was necessary to develop a Christian philosophy that would provide the foundations for a complete understanding of reality, while allowing the development of prolegomena for theology, as well as for all scientific disciplines. Due to its reformed tradition, the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea has been disseminated and debated in the different Presbyterian denominations of Latin America.

Post-non-classical modification of techno anthropology E. Kappa

The article studies the evolution of techno-anthropology in the modifications of the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical periods of philosophical reflection on the example of the projection of human organs by E. Kapp. The reasons for the actualization of the design theory of human organs by E. Kapp in post-non-classical philosophy are described. The categorical apparatus of the post-non-classical philosophy of technology is analyzed. In the semantics of the post-non-classical philosophy of technology, a tendency for the dominance of technological determinism has been revealed. The situation of transformation of the paradigm of anthropocentrism into competing paradigms by modern man is stated. One of them is formulated as a paradigm of the creative disappearance of a person. The second paradigm is positioned as a strategy for the spatial expansion of a distributed human body, hybrid integrity, assembly and assemblages.

Access to the American Health Care System: Biblical, Philosophical, and Theological Reflections on Justice

The issue of access to the American health care system seems destined to reappear in the 2024 presidential election. The political and economic debates regarding single-payer systems providing (near) universal health care are well documented. Supporters of the status quo, knowingly or unknowingly, rest their argument on the basic assumptions of utilitarianism. In response patrons investigating inequalities in access to the American health care system can turn to biblical, philosophical, and theological reflections on justice.

The Relationship between Human and Artificial Intelligence in Victor Pelevin's Novels “S.N.U.F.F.”, “iPhuck 10”, “TRANSHUMANISM Inc.”

The article analyzes V.O. Pelevin’s view on the human and artificial intelligence interaction and highlights the risks of digitalization that the writer identifies. The article also attempts to answer two questions: what are the permissible limits of the influence machines and networks exert on human life and future and is there a way out of global dependence on artificial intelligence? Pelevin presents a satirical portrait of modern society; draws attention to the ways of salvation from total machine dependence; shows prospects and risks of the XXI century “new humanism”. The research has revealed five main similarities which identify Pelevin’s idea of the relationship between man and artificial intelligence. The theme is presented at the plot, problem-thematic and stylistic levels. Special attention is paid to Pelevin’s moral and philosophical reflections. The research is based on three Pelevin’s novels: “S.N.U.F.F.”, “iPhuck 10”, “TRANSHUMANISM Inc.”.

Autopoiesis and Eigenform

This paper explores a formal model of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana, Uribe and Varela, and analyzes this model and its implications through the lens of the notions of eigenforms (fixed points) and the intricacies of Goedelian coding. The paper discusses the connection between autopoiesis and eigenforms and a variety of different perspectives and examples. The paper puts forward original philosophical reflections and generalizations about its various conclusions concerning specific examples, with the aim of contributing to a unified way of understanding (formal models of) living systems within the context of natural sciences, and to see the role of such systems and the formation of information from the point of view of analogs of biological construction. To this end, we pay attention to models for fixed points, self-reference and self-replication in formal systems and in the description of biological systems.

From Babylon to Bitcoin: some philosophical reflections on the ontology of money

From Babylon to Bitcoin: some philosophical reflections on the ontology of money

Autopoiesis, Autonomy, and Eigenform

The main objective of this paper is to explore a model of autopoiesis as presented by Maturana, Uribe and Varela (1974); more specifically, to analyse this model and its implications through the lens of the notions of eigenform and fixed points through a variety of different perspectives and examples. The paper also puts forward original philosophical reflections and generalizations about its various conclusions concerning specific examples, with the aim of contributing to a unified way of understanding living systems within the context of natural sciences and the pervasive nature of awareness and conscious observation.

“Justitia Semper Reformanda Est”

The theme of the law and its changes is still being discussed in the academic community. The fact that law requires social society as its habitat makes it difficult to maintain the status quo. The social community always changes according to the era and place where it makes the laws also voluntarily or is forced to make adjustments to its habitat. The article will discuss how the law cannot always be consistent because it is influenced by the social conditions in which the law lives, how the process of change occurs, and what factors influence the inconsistency of the law, in a philosophical reflection. By using a literature research approach, this research aims to explore two main questions, namely: does law change society or vice versa? and; what factors are most influential in encouraging legal change? This study reflects that jurists from various views seem to agree on one thing, that the law is changing and they only provide different criteria and procedures. This reflection culminates with a statement that the law is always changing, and it reforms itself all the time.

A reflection on morality and religion

The aim of this contribution is to reflect on the relation between religion and morality. An overview of the different theories of the origin of morality is provided. According to Blanchard, there are four traditional ways in which the origin of morality can be explained: (1) origin from nature, (2) origin from ourselves, (3) origin from culture and (4) origin from an objective moral law. The last instance creates the possibility for religion to be identified as the origin of morality. In reflecting on the relation between religion and morality one realises that the question that needs to be discussed is whether religion is indeed the provider of morality or not. It is also necessary to determine if religion is the guarantor for morality. The aim of this contribution is to reflect on the relation between religion and morality. An overview of the different theories of the origin of morality is provided. In reflecting on the relation between religion and morality one realises that the question that needs to be discussed is whether religion is indeed the provider of morality or not. It is also necessary to determine if religion is the guarantor for morality. What happens in a secularised society? Is it still possible for morality to exist in a secularised society? It is clear from an understanding of secularisation as differentiation – the separation of spheres – religion and morality can be separated and can exist independently in a secularised society. The influence of the evolution theory by Charles Darwin led to a new way of understanding the nature of morality. Some reflection on the influence of evolution on morality is presented here. One prominent recommendation resulting from this investigation is to emphasise that religion can provide the morals for morality.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This contribution reflects the intersection of anthropology, philosophy, religion studies and ethics. The discussion is based on a philosophical reflection on the relation between religion and morality.

BETWEEN THE SPACE OF THE IMAGINARY AND THE SPHERE OF IDEAS: ONTOLOGICAL MODEL OF PROCLUS AND IRANIAN NEOPLATONIC TRADITION OF SUHRAWARDĪ

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of Neoplatonic concepts, in particular, the philosophy of Proclus on the discursive space of Iranian Neoplatonism. Proclus' system, Neoplatonic dialectic, turned out to be meaningful for the school of Yahya as-Suhrawardī. Exploring the “Primordial philosophy,” Suhrawardy attempted to build an ontological concept based on the Neoplatonic system. In this case, Proclus's dialectic helped him to reconcile Islamic orthodoxy and Shia concepts of ghulat. The reception of Platonism within the framework of the Illuminativist school had a tremendous influence on the development of Iranian philosophical thought in subsequent periods. It set the discursive framework for Iranian philosophical schools during the Safavid Renaissance of the 16th-17th centuries; Neoplatonism turned out to be the main language of philosophical reflection in the Iranian (more broadly, Shiite) intellectual sphere throughout the High Middle Ages and the New Age. In addition, the influence of Suhrawardi and his followers is also evident in the intellectual tradition of the Ottoman Empire, but the Illuminati traditions of the Sublime Porte require further detailed study. Thus, the strict hierarchy of the ontological and epistemological system confirmed the complex religious and historical constructions of Shiite imamology. The chains of revelation of the vilayat were considered in the context of Neoplatonic emanation, and one of the forms of legitimation of the prophetic revelation of the imams was an appeal to the accidental light, the border space between the world of ideas and the world of matter. In addition, it was the complex, multi-level system of Proclus and Damascus that offered not only a vertical orientation from the Highest Principle to the lower forms of matter, but also numerous horizontal levels parallel to each other, in which each of the hypostases of the One is divided into a number of self-completed participatory hypostases emanating from their uninvolved monadic cause. Maintaining this structure, Suhrawardī speaks of a multiplicity of self-completed revelations emanating from the single source of all prophecies, the reality of alam al-mihtal.

PECULIARITIES AND TASKS OF CIVIC EDUCATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ARMED AND INFORMATIONAL AGGRESSION

The article examines the role and significance of civic education in the context of socio-cultural development of society and strengthening the international status of the state. The main attention is paid to the historical aspect of civic education, its impact on the formation of a citizen in accordance with the standards of the democratic European state system. The article highlights different interpretations of civic education at different stages of history, from ancient times to modern times. A separate section is dedicated to the analysis of civic education in the modern socio-humanitarian discourse, in particular its place in the fields of philosophy, pedagogy and political science. The final part emphasizes the challenges that civic education poses to various sectors of society in the modern world.The article also emphasizes the importance of civic education as a tool for transferring values and cultural heritage from one generation to another, the role of education in strengthening the authority of the state at the international level and its influence on the formation of a conscious citizen in the conditions of changing geopolitical realities. Through the prism of the analysis of different historical contexts, it is investigated how civic education reflects the ideals, standards and values of different eras, its role in social integration and strengthening of national identity.Looking at education through the prism of philosophy, we can see it not only as a process of imparting knowledge, but also as a dialogic practice, where each participant is not just a consumer of information, but also an active participant in the process of learning. Also, in the context of modern globalization, it is important to pay attention to the intercultural dimension of education. How can we ensure that the educational process promotes mutual understanding between different cultures, instead of separating and dividing them? The answer to these questions requires not only philosophical reflection, but also pedagogical innovation. The philosophy of education should serve as a bridge between theory and practice, prompting rethinking and improvement of the educational process at all its levels.The final part of the article emphasizes the urgency of reforming the system of civic education in modern conditions, taking into account globalization processes and the growing need to train educated, critically thinking citizens who are able to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the modern world. This need is especially felt in the context of armed and informational challenges that Ukraine has faced in recent years.Keywords: civic education, values, cultural heritage, philosophy of education, historical context.

Między totalizmem a jednostkowością. Literatura wobec wojny (z Ukrainą w tle)

The article discusses various forms and aspects of the conceptualization of war as a tension between the individual and the total. The starting point is the philosophical reflection of B. Miciński, E. Levinas and G.W. Hegel, and then the conception of war as a form of totalizing, e.g. by subordinating it to ideology, nationality and other forms of collective identity, and reducing man to a material or numerical dimension, are presented. War is often described as an autonomous and inhuman force depriving man of subjectivity and agency. On the other hand, the literature analyzed in the article, mainly non-fictional, often focuses on saving individuality through the description of individual stories. Such conceptualizations also appear in reportages about the war in Ukraine.

The Feeling of Believing

The last half-century of religious studies scholarship has seen the diminishing importance of belief as a concept of analysis. The putative inaccessibility of beliefs and the concept’s Western Christian provenance has led many scholars of religion to reject the concept. Recent years have seen attempts to rehabilitate the concept of belief, including Kevin Schilbrack’s 2014 Philosophy and the Study of Religions. Schilbrack proposes that by engaging with contemporary philosophical reflection on belief—specifically dispositionalist and interpretationist theories—the traditional critiques of belief can be overcome. The purpose of this paper is to further develop this approach by proposing an additional, currently overlooked, element of belief—its affectivity. This approach builds on current research from enactivist cognitive science and avoids the objections traditionally levelled at belief, while enabling a more sophisticated analysis of power dynamics in religion

PHENOMENOLOGY OF DIVINE REVELATION: THEOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY IN DIALOGUE

AbstractAlthough the relationship between theology and philosophy is a perennial issue in the history of thought, recent debates surrounding the so‐called theological turn of continental phenomenology have created a new space in which it can be explored from a fresh perspective. In this vein, I propose three theses concerning the relationship between theology and philosophy of religion, with particular focus on the phenomenon of divine revelation. First, a philosophy of religion that ignores theology's claim about divine self‐revelation will remain incomplete and unsatisfactory, at least from the perspective of a Christian theology which begins with the faith in God's self‐revelation in one particular human person. Second, a theology that does not acknowledge the possibility of philosophical reflections on the human aspect of divine revelation will not be able to escape blind dogmatism, but rather will isolate itself from the academic community. Third, and finally, despite the concerns of both parties, a dialogue between theology and philosophy centred on the phenomena of revelation can develop into mutually critical and mutually constructive interactions.

Human and ethical risks of digitalization

Digitalization as a direct expression of global information business is the reason for modern civilization’s transformation. The total commercialization of information technologies’ super-productivity turns humans into progress »costs«, devaluing their creative power, morality and ethics. Therefore, the object of this study is to be a person in the face of growing ethical risks caused by ever-accelerating digitization and information processes. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems of ethics and ethical risks as specific and most significant for the digital society. It also shows the main approaches to their solution. An analysis of a person’s consumer attitude to technical achievements reveals the reasons for spirituality destruction as the basis of human integrity. This is due to changes in communication forms – language, art, education, and religion. Digitalization as open information makes it possible to specify ethical risks as a reflection of a human’s life situation. Values and meanings play a crucial role. Digitalization’s ethical risks are identified: privacy, inclusiveness, security, trust, and fairness. The main approach to preventing digitalization ethical risks is the establishment of a techno-humanitarian balance or the development of adequate cultural regulators (human-centricity, overcoming digital inequality) that oppose the growth of destructive power of new technologies in relation to universal human values and humaneness. The methodological basis of the study was the philosophical discourse of consequentialism. This determines the main condition for technology development to find a balance between risk and benefit and cultural and philosophical reflection. The theoretical conclusions contained in this work open up new opportunities for science to concretize practical approaches to solving moral problems and ethical risks in human existence. This is in the era of digital culture transformation.