Referential Meaning Research Articles

The Meanings Of Verses In Surat Al-Alaq And Their relations To Teaching Arabic (a semantic an educational study)/ الأيات في سورة العلق وعلا قاتها في تعليم اللغة العربية دراسة دلالية وتعليمية

This study aims to determine the types and relations of meaning contained in the QS al-'Alaq. This thesis uses a qualitative method that is focused on library research. This research uses a multidisciplinary approach that seeks to discuss and examine objects from several disciplines or relate them to different disciplines, namely semantic studies, and education. The collected data is then processed using qualitative research methods, then the analysis technique and data interpretation used is descriptive-semantic analysis, namely examining the meaning of each word used as an interpretive word to interpret the verses in QS. al-'Alaq is based on theories of semantics in general. The results showed the types of meaning contained in QS. al-'Alaq, consisted of several types of meanings, namely: referential meaning, basic meaning or dictionary meaning (al-ma'na al-asasi wa al-mu'jami), and figurative meaning (al-ma'na al-majazi), and denotative meaning (al-ma'na al-haqiqi). Meanwhile, the relation of meaning between the words or the pronunciation of the Qur'an with the words of its interpretation occurs in four kinds of relations (meaning relationships), namely: Synonym relationships (al-taraduf), Polysemy relationships (ta'addud al-ma'na), the concept of hyponymy and hypernymy (al-Isytimal).

LINGUISTIC TENDENCIES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA ON SOCIAL MEDIA USERS FACEBOOK (PRAGMATIC STUDY)

This research is motivated by the large number of facebook users who express their discomfort with body shape and after further review, the discomfort expressed is included in the characteristics of people who have a tendency to anorexia nervosa. This study was conducted to describe the linguistic tendency of anorexia nervosa on facebook social media users, especially on the "MinuteVideos Indonesia" account based on the characteristics of anorexia nervosa tendencies seen from the form and meaning of the language conveyed. This type of research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. The data of this study is the linguistic expressiveness of facebook users who have anorexia nervosa tendencies in comments on the "MinuteVideos Indonesia" account. Data were collected using the free-of-charge listening technique (SBLC) and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using the matching method and the agih method. Based on the results of the study found thirteen types of expressive speech acts used by Facebook users who have anorexia nervosa tendencies in comments on the "MinuteVideos Indonesia" account and each of these utterances has a referential meaning. The tendency of anorexia nervosa is dominantly experienced by women. However, from the data obtained there are also men who experience anorexia nervosa tendencies.

(Mis)Guided interpersonal deictic choices in primary school writing under language assessment

This paper aims to present a research on modal and temporal deictic choices in texts written by 4th graders under the 2008 National Assessment of Portuguese Language, conducted by the Ministry of Education of Portugal. These texts were produced as a response to a writing task under the title “If I were one… for a day”, which guided students towards writing hypothetical narratives. In the specialized literature on language development of school-age children and adolescents, linguistic constructions of hypothetical referential meanings are described as an indicator of late writing development, achieved in the final years of schooling. This study is based on the systemic-functional linguistics principles on language as a socio-semiotic system for the realization of the socio-semiotic system of culture. Portuguese descriptive grammars are used to describe the verbal system of the Portuguese language. The corpus consists of 50 texts, on which information about verbal morphology and deictic choices were annotated. Results point to different patterns of deictic choices in the students’ texts, ranging from texts entirely constructed with temporal deixis; texts entirely constructed with modal deixis; and texts with mixed patterns of both deictic choices. Such results suggest that writing hypothetical narratives does not seem to fit the meaning potential developed by 4th grade children. This may be explained not by the lack of lexicogrammatical resources, but by children's unfamiliarity with the kind of socio-semiotic activity requested in the task, which cannot be recoverable from social writing situations in primary school literacy contexts.

PENGGUNAAN DIKSI PADA DAFTAR MENU MAKANAN WARUNG DI MAKASSAR

The use of diction in the food stall menu in Makassar. This study aims to: (1) describe the form of diction on the food stall menu list in Makassar, (2) describe the meaning of diction on the food stall menu list in Makassar, (3) describe the function of diction in the food stall menu list in Makassar. This type of research is qualitative research. The source of data in this study is the menu of a food stall in Makassar. The results of the study reveal the form of diction, types of meaning, and function of diction. The forms of diction used on food stalls in Makassar are basic words, affixes, reduplications, and compounding. There are nine types of meaning found in the use of diction in food stall menus in Makassar, namely lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, referential meaning, denotative meaning, connotative meaning, general meaning, special meaning, associative meaning, and idiomatical meaning. In addition, the diction function used on the food stall menu in Makassar, namely the function of providing information, the function of attraction, and the unique function.

Analysis of the Meaning of Referential and Non-Referential Lyrics of the Malay Song Sambas on the Album of Terigas 2

<em>This research was motivated by the referential meaning and non-referential meaning contained in the album of Terigas 2. This study aims to (1) describe how referential meaning refers to objects in the lyrics of the Malay song Sambas on the album of Terigas 2, (2) describe how the referential meaning refers to events in the lyrics of the Malay song Sambas on the album of Terigas. 2, (3) describe how the non-referential meaning in the form of prepositions in the lyrics of the Malay song Sambas on the album of Terigas 2, and (4) describe how the non-referential meaning in the form of conjunctions in the lyrics of the Malay song Sambas on the album of Terigas 2. This study used a descriptive method in the form of qualitative research. The source of data in this study came from the album Terigas 2 and the data in this study was a series of words in the album Terigas 2 which contain referential and non-referential meanings. The data collection technique used was a documentary study technique and the tools used were the researchers themselves as key instruments and data recording cards. There were five data analysis techniques used in this study which included reading/understanding data, classifying data, selecting data, analyzing data, and concluding data. Based on the results of the study obtained 85 data, namely the referential meaning in the form of objects totalling 51 data, referential meaning in the form of events totalling 19 data, non-referential meaning in the form of prepositions totalling 3 data, and non-referential meaning in the form of conjunctions totalling 12 data.</em>

Positive referential meaning and color metaphor bring beauty: Evidence on aesthetic appraisal of ancient Chinese character from Han, Bai, and Yi ethnic groups

Positive referential meaning and color metaphor bring beauty: Evidence on aesthetic appraisal of ancient Chinese character from Han, Bai, and Yi ethnic groups

THE IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USED BY THE CHARACTERS AS FOUND IN MEGAMIND MOVIE

The researcher discussed about The Idiomatic Expressions Used by The Characters as Found in Megamind movie. The movie has theme of heroic stories, in the dialogue it is found that the contain of idiomatic expressions, the movie storyline was good, has a good language structure and the movie contain the message that "anyone can be a hero". The purpose of this study is to determine the types of idiomatic expressions, the meaning of idiomatic expressions, and the types of idiomatic expressions that are the most dominant in used by characters such as those found in the Megamind movie. The theory used was Adam Makkai theory to look for types of idiomatic expressions, and the theory of Abdul Chaer to look for the meaning of idiomatic expressions. Characters are people which are represented in a dramatic or narrative work. Idioms are complex expressions whose meaning does not logically follow the individual meanings of their constituents. Idioms are divided into 2 parts, namely idioms of encoding and idioms of decoding. Idioms of decoding are divided into 2, namely sememic idioms and lexemic idioms. Lexemic Idioms are divided into 5 types, namely phrasal verbs idioms, tournure idioms, irreversible binomial idioms, phrasal compound idioms, and incorporating idioms verbs. This research is qualitative research and used descriptive method. Based on the formulation of the problem, this study has revealed three findings. Consists of; First, there are 175 idiomatic types found, contained in 3 character characters in the Megamind movie which are divided into 5 types, namely, phrasal verb idioms found 54 idioms, tournure idioms found 5 idioms, irreversible binomial idioms there is no found idioms that used by each character in Megamind movie, phrasal compound idiom found 93 idioms and incorporating verbs idiom found 23 idioms. Second, there are 9 types of idiomatic meanings used by the characters in the Megamind movie, 3 lexical meanings, 4 contextual meanings, 4 grammatical meanings, 8 conceptual meanings found, 44 associative meanings found, 35 referential meanings found, 2 non-referential meanings were found, 33 denotative meanings, and 42 connotative meanings. Third, the most dominant types of idiomatic expressions used are in the main character in the movie, namely the Megamind character totaling 63 types of Phrasal Compound Idioms and as many as 33 types of Phrasal Verb Idioms.

Meaning of Lamongan Batik Motifs (Semiotic Prespective)

This study discusses the ideological meaning of the name and painting of batik motifs in Lamongan, Indonesia. The Lamongan batik motif is a semantic discourse that needs to be analyzed to reveal literally the meaning of the values ​​believed by the Lamongan community. As part of culture, batik is a social semiotics representation of the ideology of society. This research is applied with semiotics study method to reveal ideological meaning. Perspective semiotics provides an idea of ​​the ideological meaning. The results of the analysis show that there are philosophical values ​​based on four categories, namely morals, historical education, spirituality, and tradition. The four categories are based on the descriptions of several figures who put forward the philosophical value of naming the Lamongan batik motif and the philosophy of batik craftsmen in creating names and painting of batik motifs. The philosophical values ​​consist of categories of religious philosophical values, moral values, and social values. The referential meaning that dominates is the referential meaning of nature. Philosophical values ​​that can be identified from the referential meaning of nature (flora and fauna) are moral philosophical values ​​because they are related to human ethics towards nature. Linguistic form, in the morphological aspect, shows linguistic awareness in creating art objects. Ideologically, the batik motif and its name show the awareness of maintaining the relationship between humans, humans with nature, and humans with God.
 
 Keyword: ideological meaning, lamongan batik motifs, semiotics perspective

Lexico-semantic relativity and versatility in translation and intercultural communication

The aim of the article is to discuss translation regularities in correlations of words that denote culture-related phenomena that exist in many cultures or that are specific to certain cultures and languages. The focus is on Russian and English culturonyms. The authors dwell on the principle of functional dualism that claims that language can equally address internal and external cultures. This principle is developed in the new linguistic discipline termed interlinguoculturology (Kabakchi 1998, Kabakchi Beloglazova 2020). Nonetheless, under the impact of the World Englishes paradigm, the article points to blurring the concept of external culture - Russian bilinguals, speaking or writing in Russian English, use this variety for expressing their own culture; the same is true for other world Englishes that have branched from the prototypical British English model. Despite the polemical relations of the two research schools, which are close and yet different in some of their tenets, there is much in common in their semantic and pragmatic research of how varieties of English adapt and domesticate culturonyms, in particular binary words belonging to two languages and often associated with each other in translation. The paper discusses examples of binary polyonyms (universal culturonyms) whose meaning depends on the context of the situation and, therefore, is differently received in diverse cultures; binary analogues whose equivalent selection is based on scrutinizing the dictionary entry and on the knowledge of the cultural background, and binary interonyms that partly help translators and partly interfere with their work, being deceptive cognates differing in their referential or connotational meanings. The article concludes that the interpretation of culture-bound words in foreign-culture-oriented texts depends on various pragmatic and semantic processes and is grounded in a word semantic flexibility and its matter-of-course adaptation in a cultural and language environment.

Regional Features and Spatial Distribution of Fifty-Eight Ethnic Groups in Southwest China

Eco-environmental variability was the basis of ethnic diversity with a persistent influence on the regional development. The unique geographic conditions and multi-ethnic characteristics in southwest China were valuable for exploring sustainable development of ethnic regions. In this study, the regional features of distribution areas of ethnic groups in southwest China were analysed, and it was found that average altitude, slope, water coverage and water form ratio of each ethnic group differed apparently. Additionally, regional features of southern minorities were relatively stable, while those of northern minorities changed evidently from 1990 to 2010. Furthermore, taking the spatial coordinates and regional features as parameters, fifty-eight ethnic groups were clustered into six categories via spatial cluster analysis. Moreover, based on the county-level population data, the ethnic similarities in southwest China were identified by correlation analysis, and the results were in accordance with those of spatial cluster analysis but more detailed. In addition, the eco-environmental adaptability of various ethnic groups was discussed in terms of living and production as well as regional sustainable development. This research was of referential meaning for population settlement, natural resources utilization and biodiversity conservation in multi-ethnic regions.

ANALYSIS OF IT FRAUD SCHEMES: CLASSIFICATION AND COUNTERACTION

The article analyzes common criminal IT fraud schemes, examines the dynamics of cyber fraudulent actions on the territory of Russia for the period 2019-2020. It was revealed that the most important element of the mechanism of the criminal behavior of a cyber fraudster is the method of committing a crime. An empirical analysis of the views of criminologists on the way IT fraud is committed made it possible to single out its three main properties (actions must be performed in the course of a criminal act; actions are aimed at achieving a criminal result; actions reflect the individual characteristics of a crime). The analysis of criminal schemes made it possible to systematize the data, develop the author's criteria for their classification (depending on the communication channels; by the area of influence; by referential means; by the degree of psychoemotional impact on the victim), as well as traditional and criminological methods of countering IT fraud that can help the user avoid confusion and intersection of concepts, organize data, strengthen personal and property security in cyberspace.

Correlations between Case and the D-system and the interpretability of Case

A correlation between articles and Case has long been noted based on diachronic evidence. Beyond articles, evidence supports that this correlation extends further to clitics and the determiner system (the D-system) at large. The D-system in turn supports referential functions in grammar and is closely correlated to Person. The aim of the present article is to link support for these facts to the broader foundational question and independent recent theories of the function of Case as governing referential meaning in grammar at the level of clauses. This link is supported by specific evidence from the use of Accusative and Partitive clitics in Romance, which play the same roles strong Accusative vs. weak Partitive Case play in Finnish, which lacks articles, and similar patterns in languages such as Turkish, Russian, and Latin. Case therefore arguably determines the referential function of (pro-) nominals as part of event structures, whether synthetically or else analytically via the left periphery of the NP. This explains the historical links between Case and the D-system, which we further argue evidence from Greek has been incorrectly argued to contravene.

Makna referensial nama-nama anak di SMAN 1 Karanggede dan relevansinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia

This article examines the referential meaning of children's names in SMA N 1 Karanggede grade X MIPA 1. This article aims to (1) find the referential meaning of the child's name (2) explains the content of the referential meaning of the child's name (3) describes the utilization of the referential meaning of the child's name as teaching material Indonesian language learning class VIII junior high school. The data in this study are referential meanings of children's names. Sources of data came from parents and students in SMA N 1 Karanggede, especially in class X MIPA 1. Data collection techniques used interviews and questionnaires. The validity used is source triangulation. The data analysis technique uses the referential equivalent method. The results of this study are, First, the referential meaning of the child's name refers to objects (23names) and properties (13names). Second, the meaning of the name of the child based on the giver's name refers to: prayer or hope (21), time of birth (7), order of birth (2), inspiration (6). Third, the use of referential meanings of children's names in Indonesian language learning in VIII grade of SMP is related to basic competencies 4.1 Concludes the content of the news (boast and motivate what is read and heard). The material used is news text taken from the name giving of children in SMA N 1 Karanggede which motivates.

MAʾNĀ ALFĀZ SŪRAH LUQMAN (DIRĀSAH TAHLĪLIYYAH DILĀLIYYAH)

The discussion of meaning takes a very important role in language learning. From there we can see how important it is to study Semantics. This article aims to understand: 1) Types of meanings in the verses of Holy Qur’an Surah Luqman, 2) The relation between the verse words of Surah Luqman and their meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir. This research is a literature study, using a qualitative approach, the data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis. The primary data in this research are the verses of Surah Luqman and their meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, and the secondary data in this research were taken from books related to the research. The result of this research is, researchers found 10 types of meanings in the verses of Surah Luqman which rever to the meanings contained in the book At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, namely: Lexical Meaning, Contextual Meaning (language context), Functional Meaning of Syntatic Structure, Functional Meaning of Morphological Structure,Word Meaning, Referential Meaning, Stylistic Meaning, Conceptual Meaning, Figurative Meaning, Meaning of Terms. And the relation between the verse words and its meaning occurs in 3 types of relations, namely: Synonim, Polysemy, Hypernym and Hyponym. Keywords: Types of Meaning, Relations of Meanings, Surah Luqman, Tafsir At-Tahrir wa Tanwir, Ibnu ‘Asyur, Semantic Analysis

Generalized description and referential meaning of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice

The article discusses the issues regarding the essence of what the reality referring to typical childlike situations similar to sacrifice, and the ways the names and descriptions of behavior types differ from these types as per se. The description of lexical meanings via the semantic metalanguage and the description of typical linguistic and other cultural forms based on prototypes do not contradict each other, since they solve different problems. Consequently, generic descriptions of typical childlike situations comparable to sacrifice are lexical meanings of the short names of typical situations, constructed in metalanguage on the basis of an intuitive understanding of their similarity, existing as artefacts of text analysis, while the typical situations and forms of childlike behavior comparable to sacrifice are real-life objective forms of behavioral situations and biological, cultural and social predispositions to certain typical forms of behavior.

ASPEK SEMANTIK PADA GRAFITI BAK TRUK DI REST AREA PENGGUNG KOTA CIREBON SERTA IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PERKULIAHAN

This study examines the semantic meaning of truck bed graffiti on. This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis method. Based on the type of semantic meaning, the graffiti on the back of the truck is dominated by lexical meanings. Based on the presence or absence of referentials, the graffiti on the back of the truck is dominated by referential meanings. Based on the absence of taste values, the graffiti on the back of the truck is dominated by the type of denotative meaning. Based on the determination of the meaning, the graffiti on the back of the truck in the Penggung Rest Area in Cirebon City is dominated by the type of meaning of the word. Based on the relationship between the meaning of one word and another, the graffiti on the back of the truck is dominated by the type of conceptual meaning.

النظرية الدلالية لتفسير سورة النبأ في كتاب تفسير الجلالين / The Semantic Theory to The Interpretation of Surah An-Naba' in Tafsir Jalalain

هذا البحث يحلل أنواع المعنى وعلاقة المعنى الذي يستخدمها المؤلف لتفسير الكلمة أو اللفظ في سورة النبأ, ويهدف إلى معرفة أوجه القصور في اختيار كل الكلمة التفسيرية.هذا البحث بحث مكتبي ونوعه بحث وصفي نوعي وتحليله تحليل علم الدلالة، وأما مصدر البيانات الرئيسيىة فهو كتاب تفسير الجلالين، وأما البيانات الثانوية فهي مقالات وكتب دلالية. نتيجة هذا البحث تشير إلى أن أوجه القصور في كتاب تفسير الجلالين تتمثلت في نوع المعنى الذي يستخدمه المؤلف عند تفسير كل كلمة أو لفظ في سورة النبأ. وأما نوع المعنى المستخدم على الأغلبية فهو المعنى الإشاري أي المعنى الذي يتعلق على شيء الذي يشير إلى الكلمة أو الجملة. ولكن في الواقع, ذلك المعنى له العديد من أوجه القصور، منها يملك أحيانا الإشارات الأخري التي تمكن المستخدمة في تفسير الكلمة أو اللفظ. ولكن في هذا الحال ، كان المؤلف يستخدم إحدى من كلمة إشارية (المشار إليه) فقط لتفسير كل الكلمة أو اللفظ في الآية. ومن الممكن هناك كلمة إشارية أخرى يستخدمها المفسر بعده لتفسير الآيات. وأما علاقة المعنى السائد فهي علاقة مرادفة لأن عدة كلمات في السورة يتم تفسيرها بكلمات أخرى لها نفس المعنى. الكلمات المفتاحية: النظريةالدلالية; تفسير الجلالين; سورة النبأ Abstract: This study analyzes the types of meanings and meaning relations used to interpret each word or lafadz in Surah an-Naba’ to know the deficiencies of the Jalalain commentary book on each choice of words used as interpretive words. This research uses descriptive qualitative and employs library research for the data collection method. Moreover, the data analysis applies semantic analysis. The primary data is in the form of the Jalalain commentary book, and the secondary data is in the form of articles and semantic books. The results showed that the shortcomings were found in the type of meaning used by the author in interpreting each word or lafadz in surah an-Naba’. The dominant meaning used in interpreting is referential meaning, which is a meaning that depends on something/a reference pointed to by a word or sentence. However, in this case it turns out that the referential meaning has several drawbacks, sometimes the meaning has several reference words. But only one-word reference is used by the Mufassir(interpreter) to interpret each word or lafadz in the verse to allow for other references that interpreters can use to interpret the verse. The dominant interpretive word/pronunciation used is the synonym relationship. Hence, there are many words or lafadz have similarity in meaning or one meaning.

Becoming an operating system

ABSTRACTA remarkable experiment in assistive technology, known as PODD, draws on and challenges mainstream understandings of communication in the US. To engage disabled people in conversation, caregivers turn to PODD books, which are binders of laminated sheets that display icons. As caregivers use these books, they act as “operating systems,” listing directions as they navigate from page to page, then animating the selected utterance in an enthusiastic tone. PODD plays on the language ideology that underlies most communication systems, which are designed to liberate speaking subjects trapped by the limitations of their bodies and minds. But PODD also confronts its users with aspects of communication that set aside the question of meaning. Drawing on interviews and participant observation in trainings with my nonverbal daughter, I show how caregivers struggle to inhabit a community of sign use in which referential meaning is both longed for and beside the point. [disability, communication, language ideology, personhood, ethics, affect, United States]

Research on settlement analysis of large caisson foundation by centrifuge model test

With the increasing scale of caisson foundation in the construction of long-span bridge engineering in China, the overall settlement of large caisson foundation is vital to the construction and safe operation of long-span bridge. Taking the large caisson foundation of Changtai Yangtze River Bridge as the engineering ground, the overall settlement of this caisson foundation was analyzed in detail at the construction stage of Changtai Yangtze River Bridge by centrifuge model test based on the distribution of actual stratum. The test results demonstrated that the overall settlement was about 225mm when the construction of Changtai Yangtze River Bridge is finished, the settlement curve can be divided into three stages with the construction process of Changtai Yangtze River Bridge, and they are slow growth, rapid deformation and deformation stability. The study provides important reference to the design of large caisson foundation of Changtai Yangtze River Bridge, and it also has significant referential meaning to the construction of similar caisson foundation.

A hybrid model for short-term rainstorm forecasting based on a back-propagation neural network and synoptic diagnosis

Rainstorms are one of the most important types of natural disaster in China. In order to enhance the ability to forecast rainstorms in the short term, this paper explores how to combine a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) with synoptic diagnosis for predicting rainstorms, and analyzes the hit rates of rainstorms for the above two methods using the county of Tianquan as a case study. Results showed that the traditional synoptic diagnosis method still has an important referential meaning for most rainstorm types through synoptic typing and statistics of physical quantities based on historical cases, and the threat score (TS) of rainstorms was more than 0.75. However, the accuracy for two rainstorm types influenced by low-level easterly inverted troughs was less than 40%. The BPNN method efficiently forecasted these two rainstorm types; the TS and equitable threat score (ETS) of rainstorms were 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. The TS and ETS of the hybrid model that combined the BPNN and synoptic diagnosis methods exceeded the forecast score of multi-numerical simulations over the Sichuan Basin without exception. This kind of hybrid model enhanced the forecasting accuracy of rainstorms. The findings of this study provide certain reference value for the future development of refined forecast models with local features.摘要暴雨是我国最重要的自然灾害之一. 大量的研究表明, 暴雨的频率和强度在全球变暖的背景下正在逐年增强. 但是如何成功的预测短期暴雨, 特别是发生在复杂地形下的暴雨, 仍然是一个巨大的挑战. 本项研究采用BP神经网络和天气学诊断相结合的方法, 探索了一种四川盆地西部复杂地形下的暴雨预报模型. 该模型有效改善了喇叭口地形下, 受低层偏东风影响的暴雨预报准确性. 机器学习与天气学理论的结合, 提升了模型的物理基础和预测成功率, 同时该方法也为发展具有本地特征的暴雨预报客观工具, 提供了一定的参考价值.