Reference Resource Research Articles

The lecturers’ belief on ethical standards of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City

Ethical standard of lecturers is very important issue in teaching and training process of any country. In Vietnam, in the context of fundamental and comprehensive reform of education and training, this issue has attracted more attention from both the political system and the whole society. In order to establish the ethical standards of the teaching staff in the Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), on the basis of literature review and questionnaire survey, the article focuses on the belief analysis of undergraduate lecturers, including three makeup elements of ethical standard: (1) Political qualities and civic responsibility, (2) Professional ethics, (3) Lifestyle. The results show that the scale of criteria for each group has high reliability and the lecturers of VNU-HCM highly appreciate the importance of these criteria. However, perceptions and attitudes in recognizing these criteria also depend on some factors, in which gender, age and expertise are the three factors that create significant differences in the lecturers’ belief of ethical criteria. The data of the article will provide a scientific and practical basis for the development of a set of ethics guidelines and a code of conduct for the VNU-HCM teaching staff. It is also an essential reference resource for the Vietnamese higher education system in general.

Sesame (<i>Sesamum indicum</i> L.) Research and Production Status in Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26) grouped under the family Pedaliaceae; is probably the most ancient oil seed known and used by man. It is called ‘Queen of oil seeds’ due to its high quality polyunsaturated stable fatty acid. The availability of large amount of wild forms of sesame in Ethiopia show that it is indigenous and considered as the center of origin for sesame and the genetic diversity is high, serving as resources for further improvement of the crop. Sesame improving research was started in Ethiopia at Werer Agricultural Research Center with the target to develop high yielding and adaptable varieties which meet the demands of the sesame farmers, processor and user. A lot of varieties released by different research centers and most of the varieties are under production in different agro ecologies of Ethiopia. It is foreign currency generating crop next to coffee in Ethiopia and the leading crop from all oil crops growing in the country. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to access the current sesame research and its production status in Ethiopia so that the information can be used as a good reference resource for researchers, students, agricultural extension workers and NGOs working in Ethiopia in the area of oil crops in general and sesame in particular.

From wrong word to right word: Equipping ELLs to make correct semantic choices independently

AbstractChoosing the right word to express meaning can be a challenge for English language learners (ELLs) in both English as second language and English as a foreign language settings, persisting through all proficiency levels in productive language use for several reasons. In order to make correct word choices, ELLs must master the various aspects of a word, including potential multiple meanings, register, connotation, collocation, and other usage aspects. However, learners are typically taught only surface‐level skills for using a dictionary or thesaurus but not the deeper skills for systematically solving semantic errors. To help instructors effectively plan instruction to teach ELLs these skills, this conceptual article introduces a six‐step semantic problem‐solving model for both guiding ELLs in solving semantic choice problems and helping teachers plan instruction. Charts of metalexicographical knowledge, skills, and strategies and of various semantic reference resources with their strengths and weaknesses are included along with a demonstration of how this model can guide ELLs in solving a specific semantic problem. The model in its entirety is most suitable for high school or college ELLs with intermediate proficiency and above. Teachers of younger or lower proficiency learners may simplify this model to gradually build the foundation for systematic semantic problem solving.

APPLICATION OF SPACE MAKERSPACES IN BATUSANGKAR IAIN LIBRARY: LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

In this paper, we describe the maker concept, movement and culture and its impact on and relationship with libraries. We provide a comprehensive review of library makerspaces in IAIN Batusangkar supported by several case studies. We intend this review to be used as a reference resource or tool for libraries planning to implement a new makerspace.

Facilitating neonatal MARSI evidence into practice: Investigating multimedia resources with Australian Neonatal Nurses – A participatory action research project

BackgroundMedical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI) are common in hospitalised neonates. AimsTo (i) identify adhesives and removal techniques, (ii) develop and distribute neonatal MARSI resources, and (iii) evaluate the resources. MethodsA participatory action research cycle was conducted from 2017 to 2019 to identify practices and recommendations, establish MARSI elements, develop and evaluate resources with Australian Neonatal Nurses. ResultsTwenty-three different adhesives, six peer-reviewed publications and 18 product information sources were reviewed. A poster with adhesive base and top layers, application and removal recommendations outlined, and 10 video tutorials were produced. Survey responses from 223 nurses revealed the definition of MARSI and risks were poorly known. Resource awareness was limited despite widespread promotion but were reported as useful. ConclusionsTo address neonatal MARSI, nursing clinicians need to understand adhesive base layers. Quick reference resources are now available but further evaluation is needed on MARSI and evidence utilisation in neonatal practice.

The Potential of IFLA LRM and RDA Key Entities for Identification of Entities in Textual Documents of Cultural Heritage: The RunA Collection

This paper addresses the potential to employ IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM) and Resource Description and Access (RDA) key entity classes in annotating textual documents of cultural heritage (RunA collection). It describes methods (comparison and analysis) and procedures (identification of entity classes and annotation classes in unstructured data with a special annotation tool) for the evaluation of international data models based on the need to develop a cross-sectoral linked data collection. The article identifies key entities – works, agents (persons, institutions), concepts, places, timespans, and events – for reflecting simple or hierarchical relationships between different objects, which can be used as nodal points for semantic connection and networking in digital collections, including unstructured data sets, e.g., correspondence. The article concludes with a discussion of the challenges of correctly applying LRM’s WEMI structured entities to free-form textual data.

An Open Data and Citizen Science Approach to Building Resilience to Natural Hazards in a Data-Scarce Remote Mountainous Part of Nepal

The citizen science approach has gained momentum in recent years. It can enable both experts and citizen scientists to co-create new knowledge. Better understanding of local environmental, social, and geographical contexts can help in designing appropriate plans for sustainable development. However, a lack of geospatial data, especially in the context of developing countries, often precludes context-specific development planning. This study therefore tests an innovative approach of volunteer citizen science and an open mapping platform to build resilience to natural hazards in the remote mountainous parts of western Nepal. In this study, citizen scientists and mapping experts jointly mapped two districts of Nepal (Bajhang and Bajura) using the OpenStreetMap (OSM) platform. Remote mapping based on satellite imagery, capacity building, and mobilization of citizen scientists was performed to collect the data. These data were then uploaded to OSM and later retrieved in ArcGIS to produce a usable map that could be exploited as a reference resource for evidence-based decision-making. The collected data are freely accessible to community members as well as government and humanitarian actors, and can be used for development planning and risk reduction. By piloting in two communities of western Nepal, we found that using open data platforms for collecting and analyzing location-based data has a mutual benefit for researchers and communities. Such data could be vital in understanding the local landscape, environmental risk, and distribution of resources. Furthermore, they enable both researchers and local people to transfer technical knowledge, collect location-specific data, and use them for better decision-making.

The PacBio Full-Length Transcriptome of the Tea Aphid as a Reference Resource

The tea aphid, Aphis aurantii, has become one of the destructive pests in tea plantations in the tropics and subtropics. Very few functional studies have so far focused on the developmental and reproductive biology at a molecular level, because of the lack of comprehensive genetic information. Full-length transcriptomes represent a very highly efficient approach to obtain reference gene sequences in non-model insects. In the present study, the transcriptome of A. aurantii was comprehensively sequenced using PacBio Iso-Seq technology. A total of 46.8 Gb nucleotides and 15,938 non-redundant full-length transcripts were obtained, 13,498 (84.69%) of which were annotated into seven databases. Of these transcripts, 2,029 alternative splicing events and 15,223 simple sequence repeats were detected. Among these transcripts, 4,571 (28.68%) and 11,367 (71.32%) were long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and protein-coding genes, respectively. Five hundred and ninety transcription factors were detected. The first full-length transcriptome represents a significant increase in the known genetic information of A. aurantii. It will assist the future functional study of genes involved in its development and reproduction.

Molecular signatures of the rediae, cercariae and adult stages in the complex life\xa0cycles of parasitic flatworms (Digenea: Psilostomatidae)

BackgroundParasitic flatworms (Trematoda: Digenea) represent one of the most remarkable examples of drastic morphological diversity among the stages within a life cycle. Which genes are responsible for extreme differences in anatomy, physiology, behavior, and ecology among the stages? Here we report a comparative transcriptomic analysis of parthenogenetic and amphimictic generations in two evolutionary informative species of Digenea belonging to the family Psilostomatidae.MethodsIn this study the transcriptomes of rediae, cercariae and adult worm stages of Psilotrema simillimum and Sphaeridiotrema pseudoglobulus, were sequenced and analyzed. High-quality transcriptomes were generated, and the reference sets of protein-coding genes were used for differential expression analysis in order to identify stage-specific genes. Comparative analysis of gene sets, their expression dynamics and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were performed for three life stages within each species and between the two species.ResultsReference transcriptomes for P. simillimum and S. pseudoglobulus include 21,433 and 46,424 sequences, respectively. Among 14,051 orthologous groups (OGs), 1354 are common and specific for two analyzed psilostomatid species, whereas 13 and 43 OGs were unique for P. simillimum and S. pseudoglobulus, respectively. In contrast to P. simillimum, where more than 60% of analyzed genes were active in the redia, cercaria and adult worm stages, in S. pseudoglobulus less than 40% of genes had such a ubiquitous expression pattern. In general, 7805 (36.41%) and 30,622 (65.96%) of genes were preferentially expressed in one of the analyzed stages of P. simillimum and S. pseudoglobulus, respectively. In both species 12 clusters of co-expressed genes were identified, and more than a half of the genes belonging to the reference sets were included into these clusters. Functional specialization of the life cycle stages was clearly supported by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis.ConclusionsDuring the life cycles of the two species studied, most of the genes change their expression levels considerably, consequently the molecular signature of a stage is not only a unique set of expressed genes, but also the specific levels of their expression. Our results indicate unexpectedly high level of plasticity in gene regulation between closely related species. Transcriptomes of P. simillimum and S. pseudoglobulus provide high quality reference resource for future evolutionary studies and comparative analyses.

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): 2021 update.

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB; tcdb.org) is a freely accessible reference resource, which provides functional, structural, mechanistic, medical and biotechnological information about transporters from organisms of all types. TCDB is the only transport protein classification database adopted by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and now (October 1, 2020) consists of 20 653 proteins classified in 15 528 non-redundant transport systems with 1567 tabulated 3D structures, 18 336 reference citations describing 1536 transporter families, of which 26% are members of 82 recognized superfamilies. Overall, this is an increase of over 50% since the last published update of the database in 2016. This comprehensive update of the database contents and features include (i) adoption of a chemical ontology for substrates of transporters, (ii) inclusion of new superfamilies, (iii) a domain-based characterization of transporter families for the identification of new members as well as functional and evolutionary relationships between families, (iv) development of novel software to facilitate curation and use of the database, (v) addition of new subclasses of transport systems including 11 novel types of channels and 3 types of group translocators and (vi) the inclusion of many man-made (artificial) transmembrane pores/channels and carriers.

Variation in Results of Three Biology‐Focused Search Engines: A Case Study Using North American Tree Species

Variation in Results of Three Biology‐Focused Search Engines: A Case Study Using North American Tree Species

NMR spectroscopy analysis reveals differential metabolic responses in arabidopsis roots and leaves treated with a cytokinesis inhibitor.

In plant cytokinesis, de novo formation of a cell plate evolving into the new cell wall partitions the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. In our earlier chemical genomics studies, we identified and characterized the small molecule endosidin-7, that specifically inhibits callose deposition at the cell plate, arresting late-stage cytokinesis in arabidopsis. Endosidin-7 has emerged as a very valuable tool for dissecting this essential plant process. To gain insights regarding its mode of action and the effects of cytokinesis inhibition on the overall plant response, we investigated the effect of endosidin-7 through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomics approach. In this case study, metabolomics profiles of arabidopsis leaf and root tissues were analyzed at different growth stages and endosidin-7 exposure levels. The results show leaf and root-specific metabolic profile changes and the effects of endosidin-7 treatment on these metabolomes. Statistical analyses indicated that the effect of endosidin-7 treatment was more significant than the developmental impact. The endosidin-7 induced metabolic profiles suggest compensations for cytokinesis inhibition in central metabolism pathways. This study further shows that long-term treatment of endosidin-7 profoundly changes, likely via alteration of hormonal regulation, the primary metabolism of arabidopsis seedlings. Hormonal pathway-changes are likely reflecting the plant’s responses, compensating for the arrested cell division, which in turn are leading to global metabolite modulation. The presented NMR spectral data are made available through the Metabolomics Workbench, providing a reference resource for the scientific community.

GABC: A comprehensive resource and Genome Atlas for Breast Cancer.

We developed the Genome Atlas of Breast Cancer (GABC), a global map of noncoding events in the human genome associated with breast cancer that provides a valuable reference resource for users to investigate the underlying genome abnormalities in breast cancer patients. Although significant progress has been made in breast cancer treatment, its morbidity and recurrence rates in women are still high worldwide. Curation and integration of breast cancer-related dysregulations from multiple aspects is essential for disease prevention and diagnosis. In this study, we developed the GABC, which contains 10 172 aberrant noncoding events occurring at multiomics levels, including the genome (single nucleotide polymorphism and somatic mutation), transcriptome (long noncoding RNA and microRNA) and epigenome (DNA methylation, enhancer and superenhancer). Each event entry provides descriptions of detailed biological mechanisms specific to the region or element. Users can also check the genome locations and relationships of functional regulators. The GABC provides a flexible and user-friendly interface for users to search, browse and download data. In addition, the GABC provides an interface to submit newly discovered noncoding events that can be included in the database. Therefore, the GABC aims to constantly enhance our understanding of noncoding genomic events in breast cancer.

WHATSAPP GROUP SEBAGAI LAYANAN REFERENSI ONLINE: STUDI KASUS PADA ALUMNI DEPARTEMEN ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK FK-KMK UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA

The recent use of the WhatsApp application seems to be a lifestyle. At first glance this application has almost no meaning because its use has become commonplace and evenly distributed in all circles of society. The function of this application as if only as an ordinary communication tool. WhatsApp Group is mostly interpreted as a forum for gossip that is far from being useful. The purpose of this study is to: (1) inform the platform of the IKA FK-KMK Alumni Group WhatsApp service; and (2) know the urgency of applying WhatsApp services in the Library, WhatsApp Group Alumni services, WhatsApp Group Alumni Service mechanism, and respondents' responses to IKA FK-KMK UGM WhatsApp Group services. The data type of this study is qualitative-quantitative, with data sources resulting from discussions through WhatsApp Group, document studies, and questionnaires. The research respondents were 140 people with professions as pediatricians who worked spread across various regions in Indonesia. The results of this study show that: (1) the WhatsApp Alumni Group services can improve the effectiveness of library services, support the e-learning system in the library, and become a means of bibliotherapy for users; (2) from 140 respondents, there were 114respondents who responded to the research questionnaire, they stated that the WhatsApp Alumni Group IKA FK-KMK UGM service was importanly needed by alumni. This WhatsApp service is expected to facilitate alumni in getting the latest and affordable digital reference resources, so they can support the research activities and work effectiveness of alumni in outside of Java insland areas and outermost areas in Indonesia.

The Cybernetics Thought Collective: Machine-Generated Data Using Computational Methods

This dataset comprises machine-generated data from the research records and personal archives of four founding members of the transdisciplinary field of cybernetics—W. Ross Ashby, Warren S. McCulloch, Heinz von Foerster, and Norbert Wiener. These archives (or, fonds) are held by the British Library, the American Philosophical Society, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and MIT, respectively. The data were created for “The Cybernetics Thought Collective: A History of Science and Technology Portal Project” (2017–2019), a pilot project funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). Using computational methods and tools—machine learning, named entity recognition, and natural language processing—on digitized archival records, the data were generated to enhance archival access in three distinct but interrelated ways: as archival metadata for the digitized records, as reusable data to facilitate digital scholarly analyses, and as the basis for a series of test visualizations. The data represent entities associated with cybernetic concepts and the main actors attached to the cybernetics movement and the exchange of its ideas. The dataset is stored along with the digitized records in the University of Illinois (U of I) Library’s multi-tiered repository, a replicated preservation service based on PREMIS (Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies). Reuse potential for this dataset includes historical/archival, linguistic, and artistic analyses of the data to examine connections between the cybernetic entities. <strong>Funding statement:</strong> “The Cybernetics Thought Collective: A History of Science and Technology Portal Project” (NEH PW-253912-17), was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities’ Humanities Collections and Reference Resources program (US).

Peryton: a manual collection of experimentally supported microbe-disease associations.

We present Peryton (https://dianalab.e-ce.uth.gr/peryton/), a database of experimentally supported microbe-disease associations. Its first version constitutes a novel resource hosting more than 7900 entries linking 43 diseases with 1396 microorganisms. Peryton's content is exclusively sustained by manual curation of biomedical articles. Diseases and microorganisms are provided in a systematic, standardized manner using reference resources to create database dictionaries. Information about the experimental design, study cohorts and the applied high- or low-throughput techniques is meticulously annotated and catered to users. Several functionalities are provided to enhance user experience and enable ingenious use of Peryton. One or more microorganisms and/or diseases can be queried at the same time. Advanced filtering options and direct text-based filtering of results enable refinement of returned information and the conducting of tailored queries suitable to different research questions. Peryton also provides interactive visualizations to effectively capture different aspects of its content and results can be directly downloaded for local storage and downstream analyses. Peryton will serve as a valuable source, enabling scientists of microbe-related disease fields to form novel hypotheses but, equally importantly, to assist in cross-validation of findings.

Deformation characteristics of anti-dip rock slope controlled by discontinuities: a case study

The stability analysis of a rock slope is one of the most important problems in geotechnical engineering. The stability and failure mode are directly affected by the discontinuities in rock mass. Based on the case of an anti-dip slope with multi-group discontinuities at the Diaokanlong Tunnel of Rucheng-Chenzhou Expressway in central China, the deformation characteristics and evolution process of slope failure were analyzed by means of field investigation, deformation monitoring, and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the failure mechanism was discussed, and suggestions for slope reinforcement were proposed. The results revealed that the failure of a rock slope is mainly controlled by its discontinuities, and the deformation at different scales is determined by different levels of discontinuities. The failure mode of a slope is a combination of sliding and toppling. These results would provide reference resources for the reinforcement design for such anti-dip slopes.

New Disturbance Observer Design and Application on the Electro-Optical Stabilized Platforms

Aiming at modeling difficulty of the random and time-varying disturbance on the Electro-Optical Stabilized Platforms (EOSPs), a control algorithm of perturbation rejecter + Disturbance Observer (DOB) is proposed by combining the advantage of the rejecter and observer, to improve the robust performance of whole control system and the performance of disturbance suppression. The above control methods are validated in dual-rate loop structure under different friction load and effectively improve the stabilize accuracy of EOSPs. The results show that the compensation strategies of coordinating with one another can constrain effectively the impact of control performance caused by disturbance and load change, and improve the platforms’ stabilization accuracy. According to experimental verification, the control method is effective and applicable in different load conditions, and can provide reference resources and basis for engineering application of the control algorithm.

The Comparison Discussion on the Controlling Effect of Parasitic Accelerations Generated by Human Centrifuge by Different Controlling Methods

When simulating acceleration of pure Gz direction, when precision requirement of centrifuge Gz direction is provided, the max values of parasitic accelerations permitted to occur in other directions such as Gx, Gy directions are also provided in the meantime. The research is on account of motion pattern of three axial human centrifuge, introduces Euler recursion method and trapezoid method, designs computer simulations of different smoothing number of times and smoothing time on account of Euler recursion method and trapezoid method and compares simulation results, that is the controlling effects of parasitic accelerations generated by human centrifuge when making the simulation of pure Gz by the two controlling methods. Result shows: the two methods both can restrain the values of parasitic accelerations of x and y directions with effect, and torque demanded by system decreases after smoothing acceleration curves. Compared to Euler method, the computing amount of trapezoid method is larger, while the eliminating effect for parasitic accelerations is better, and it makes computing accuracy of result be higher. The study result can be as the important reference resource when selecting and researching controlling methods of the parasitic accelerations generated by human centrifuge.

Использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий в обучении экономике учащихся основной школы

The author of the article outlines that the problem of teaching methods is one of the most important in pedagogical science and practice of school teaching, since teaching methods are the main tools with which a tutor teaches the basics of science to students, develops their cognitive abilities, ensures personal development and forms a scientific worldview. The article formulates the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process. The pedagogical experiment of using ICT in teaching economics to primary school children is described. The purpose of the research is to form economic knowledge in primary school children using information and communication technologies. Method of research. The following methods were used in the study: comparison, analysis, observation and experiment. The experiment was conducted among 24 schoolchildren who were divided into a control and experimental group. A variety of ICTs were used: an interactive whiteboard, reference and multimedia Internet resources, social networks, various messengers, presentations made in the Microsoft Power Point program, as well as using the Prezi service. Research result. In the control group, the average level of economic knowledge increased by more than 40%. The number of schoolchildren with an average and high level of economic knowledge in the experimental group increased by 3 and 2.5 times. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using ICT in teaching economics to school children.