Reference Resource Research Articles

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals Greater Epithelial Ridge Cells Degeneration During Postnatal Development of Cochlea in Rats.

Greater epithelial ridge cells, a transient neonatal cell group in the cochlear duct, which plays a crucial role in the functional maturation of hair cell, structural development of tectorial membrane, and refinement of audio localization before hearing. Greater epithelial ridge cells are methodologically homogeneous, while whether different cell subtypes are existence in this intriguing region and the degeneration mechanism during postnatal cochlear development are poorly understood. In the present study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the cochlear duct of postnatal rats at day 1 (P1) and day 7 (P7) to identify subsets of greater epithelial ridge cell and progression. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were used to examine genes enriched biological processes in these clusters. We identified a total of 26 clusters at P1 and P7 rats and found that the cell number of five cell clusters decreased significantly, while four clusters had similar gene expression patterns and biological properties. The genes of these four cell populations were mainly enriched in Ribosome and P13K-Akt signal pathway. Among them, Rps16, Rpsa, Col4a2, Col6a2, Ctsk, and Jun are particularly interesting as their expression might contribute to the greater epithelial ridge cells degeneration. In conclusion, our study provides an important reference resource of greater epithelial ridge cells landscape and mechanism insights for further understanding greater epithelial ridge cells degeneration during postnatal rat cochlear development.

Implementation Orientation for Post-Operative Nurses

<h3>Background and Information</h3> Orientation to PACU encompasses a nurse's ability to confidently and safely cares for patients based on standardization of care as outlined by ASPAN. At the end of orientation for new hires, there was no documentation of progress or opportunities in which both the preceptor and orientees can speak to. Each preceptor did their orientation based on their daily assigned surgical cases. A review of the orientation process was done, and it was evident that, it was disorganized, unstructured and provided inadequate resources for the new hire. <h3>Objectives of Project</h3> 1. Creation of orientation binder that is user friendly along with detailed competencies 2. ASPAN clinical information was placed in a binder as a resource for new hires 3. Bring together a cohort of consistent preceptors who are acquainted with the flow and expectation of orientation 4. Track and maintain progress reports <h3>Process of Implementation</h3> An orientation binder was created to set an organized standard of care and resource guideline for incoming nurses to PACU (regardless of skills and experiences). Binders were rearranged and reviewed during the orientation process by preceptors. Preceptors attended a workshop on how to demonstrate a successful and proficient mentorship. Preceptors were given an orientation binder. A record reference resources binder was created which included categories and guidelines related to Recovery care (from pre-anesthesia care to discharge from anesthesia care <h3>Statement of Successful Practice</h3> Orientees have reported increased confidence and satisfaction after orientation. Orientees can now recover patients independently with confidence with minimal supervision and support. As a result, after orientation preceptees demonstrate consistency and knowledge gained during precepting. <h3>Implication of Advancing the Practice of Perianesthesia Nursing</h3> Preparing a standardized and comprehensive orientation package and resource binder has proven to contribute to a successful orientation. Preceptees demonstrated confidence and autonomy while using the new orientation process. This has proven to be extremely effective in the PACU at Montefiore Medical Center.

PlasmiR: A Manual Collection of Circulating microRNAs of Prognostic and Diagnostic Value

Simple SummaryOnly recently have the important biomarker capacities of microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood samples during disease been revealed. miRNAs are abundantly detected in circulation, and are less prone to degradation than longer RNA. Details regarding potential discriminatory miRNAs against numerous pathologic conditions are dispersed across articles, while existing resources that catalogue miRNA abundance in blood samples are not tailored to biomarker research. This study presents the meticulous manual curation of more than 200 articles that specifically interrogate the biomarker potential of miRNAs in whole blood, serum, or plasma. This annotation effort resulted in the creation of plasmiR, a database that systematically provides experimental evidence for the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circulating miRNAs against human diseases. plasmiR features 1021 entries, accompanied by rich study-specific meta-information, and an intuitive interface that enables the formation of complex queries and visualizations.Only recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were found to exist in traceable and distinctive amounts in the human circulatory system, bringing forth the intriguing possibility of using them as minimally invasive biomarkers. miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that act as potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Extensive studies in cancer and other disease landscapes investigate the protective/pathogenic functions of dysregulated miRNAs, as well as their biomarker potential. A specialized resource amassing experimentally verified, circulating miRNA biomarkers does not exist. We queried the existing literature to identify articles assessing diagnostic/prognostic roles of miRNAs in blood, serum, or plasma samples. Articles were scrutinized in order to exclude instances lacking sufficient experimental documentation or employing no biomarker assessment methods. We incorporated information from more than 200 biomedical articles, annotating crucial meta-information including cohort sizes, inclusion-exclusion criteria, disease/healthy confirmation methods and quantification details. miRNAs and diseases were systematically characterized using reference resources. Our circulating miRNA biomarker collection is provided as an online database, plasmiR. It consists of 1021 entries regarding 251 miRNAs and 112 diseases. More than half of plasmiR’s entries refer to cancerous and neoplastic conditions, 183 of them (32%) describing prognostic associations. plasmiR facilitates smart queries, emphasizing visualization and exploratory modes for all researchers.

University Applicants from Refugee Backgrounds and the Intention to Drop Out from Pre‐Study Programs: A Mixed‐Methods Study

The mixed‐methods project WeGe investigates key factors for refugees’ integration into pre‐study programs and conditions for successful transitions to higher education institutions (HEIs). In this article, we first examine the dropout intentions of international students and refugee students participating in formal pre‐study programs at German HEIs to disclose both barriers and resources. We use insights from migration research to extend theoretical student dropout models and analyse novel data from a quantitative survey with international and refugee students in pre‐study programs. Our findings show that refugee students intend to drop out from pre‐study programs more often than other international students. This difference disappears when other characteristics are controlled for. Effect decomposition shows that financial problems and perceived exclusion are driving dropout intentions of refugee students, whereas German language use in everyday life and a strong connection to the prospective field of study function as a resource and reduce the dropout risk. Depending on the reference group, deficits or resources of refugee students become apparent. This result suggests that refugees should be addressed as a student group in their own right. As a second step, we analyse qualitative expert interviews to reconstruct the staff’s perspectives on barriers and resources of refugee students to analyse how the driving factors of dropout intentions are represented in their knowledge. In particular, we show if and how this knowledge is used to address refugees and to develop inclusive educational concepts within pre‐study programs.

Full-Length Transcriptome of Thalassiosiraweissflogii as a Reference Resource and Mining of Chitin-Related Genes.

β-Chitin produced by diatoms is expected to have significant economic and ecological value due to its structure, which consists of parallel chains of chitin, its properties and the high abundance of diatoms. Nevertheless, few studies have functionally characterised chitin-related genes in diatoms owing to the lack of omics-based information. In this study, we first compared the chitin content of three representative Thalassiosira species. Cell wall glycosidic linkage analysis and chitin/chitosan staining assays showed that Thalassiosira weissflogii was an appropriate candidate chitin producer. A full-length (FL) transcriptome of T. weissflogii was obtained via PacBio sequencing. In total, the FL transcriptome comprised 23,362 annotated unigenes, 710 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 363 transcription factors (TFs), 3113 alternative splicing (AS) events and 3295 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). More specifically, 234 genes related to chitin metabolism were identified and the complete biosynthetic pathways of chitin and chitosan were explored. The information presented here will facilitate T. weissflogii molecular research and the exploitation of β-chitin-derived high-value enzymes and products.

From Bricks and Mortar to Bits and Bytes: Examining the Changing State of Reference Services at the University of Toronto Libraries During COVID-19

Before the pandemic, the University of Toronto was predominantly an in-person experience. The closure of physical libraries and shift to remote learning required library staff and users to adapt to new modes of supporting teaching, learning, and research. A survey was conducted about reference service delivery, staffing models, resources and tools, which asked the respondents to describe reference services at their libraries before and during the pandemic. The objectives of this survey were to capture the state of reference services at the University of Toronto Libraries (UTL), and to compare data about reference practices during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods with the goal of identifying challenges and opportunities for the future of reference services at UTL. 70% of libraries surveyed used reference desks for reference services pre-pandemic, and during the pandemic, 75% of libraries used virtual reference appointments by video conferencing. The survey results show that reference service staffing and service hours in most surveyed libraries were reduced during the pandemic. Many respondents reported that while they offered fewer reference service hours during the pandemic, they continued to provide assistance outside of scheduled hours. Online tools and platforms that were already familiar to librarians remained popular during the pandemic, allowing service providers to quickly adapt to the virtual environment and ensure seamless service continuity. While the rapid transition in services at the University of Toronto was not without its challenges, it has also offered many new opportunities for re-envisioning reference services at the University of Toronto Libraries.

International conferences held in 1943-1945 in reference and encyclopedic resources

International conferences held in 1943-1945 in reference and encyclopedic resources

SCISSOR™: a single-cell inferred site-specific omics resource for tumor microenvironment association study.

Tumor tissues are heterogeneous with different cell types in tumor microenvironment, which play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Several computational algorithms and tools have been developed to infer the cell composition from bulk transcriptome profiles. However, they ignore the tissue specificity and thus a new resource for tissue-specific cell transcriptomic reference is needed for inferring cell composition in tumor microenvironment and exploring their association with clinical outcomes and tumor omics. In this study, we developed SCISSOR™ (https://thecailab.com/scissor/), an online open resource to fulfill that demand by integrating five orthogonal omics data of >6031 large-scale bulk samples, patient clinical outcomes and 451 917 high-granularity tissue-specific single-cell transcriptomic profiles of 16 cancer types. SCISSOR™ provides five major analysis modules that enable flexible modeling with adjustable parameters and dynamic visualization approaches. SCISSOR™ is valuable as a new resource for promoting tumor heterogeneity and tumor–tumor microenvironment cell interaction research, by delineating cells in the tissue-specific tumor microenvironment and characterizing their associations with tumor omics and clinical outcomes.

Ecology, Status and Uses of Osyris Quadripartita (African Sandalwood) in Southern Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review

Osyris quadripartita (Africa sandalwood) is an evergreen root hemiparasite plant and belongs to the Santalaceae family which is most ordinarily referred to as African sandalwood. It’s a culturally and commercially important species that are used for herbal medicine, religious activities, and thus the perfumery refining industry. The species grows 1 m to 7 m tall counting on the soil type, climate, and genetic variation. The tree occurs on rocky ridges and mountain slopes with an altitude between 900 m to 2550 m above sea level. Regarding to geographic distribution species commonly found in the humid highland and semi-arid ecosystem of Ethiopian. The population structure were an inverted J-shape distribution form and therefore the plant habitats were mostly grouped under Acacia-Rhus-Terminalia community types. Regard to yield quality, it's concluded that sandalwood populations vary substantially within the stock and quality of oil which can be produced. In terms of oil stock the root system is superior to shoot system in quality aspects. Therefore, the main review of this paper was to admission the latest Osyris research and its importance and standing in Ethiopia in order that the knowledge are often used as an honest reference resource for researchers, students, conservationist and NGOs working in Ethiopia within the area of oil crops generally and Osyris in specific. Keywords : Osyris quadripartita, Sandalwood, population structure, Oil crop, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-13-02 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Emerging Trends and New Improvements in Stadiums and URBAN DEVELOPMENT Using Cite Space Visualization

Purpose: The stadiums play an important role in the development of a city. It is not only the place to hold sport events, but also an important regulating factor for the development of a city. Under the theme of sustain-able development, how to develop stadiums to play the biggest role in urban development is the topic. This paper aims to make stadium become the driving force of regional environmental change, and provide necessary condi-tions for urban regeneration and renewal, so as to drive the realization of sustainable development of the city through urban renewal and upgrading. Method: In this paper, CiteSpace 5.7.R5 was used as the research tool, the core database of Web of Science was selected as the literature source, the stadiums or venues and urban development and Olympic legacy were taken as the search terms, and the literature type was set as literature. A total of 1912 literature from 2010 to 2021 were selected for visualized analysis to draw the knowledge map of stadiums and urban development, and the number of published papers, institutions and research hotspots of related research on stadiums and urban development were studied. Results: Firstly, according to the published number of related research on the stadiums and urban develop-ment from 2010 to 2021, this period presented three different stages. The number of literature published on topics related to stadiums and urban development from 2010 to 2015 was relatively stable. From 2016 to 2018, the research on stadiums and urban development showed a sharp decrease, and the research enthusiasm began to decline. Between 2018 and 2021, the number of studies gradually increased and reached the highest number. Then, universities at home and abroad were the main research institutions on stadiums and urban development, and kept a continuous focus on this topic. Finally, the research focus in this field focused on the construction and development of stadiums, mega sport events and stadiums and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2021, domestic and foreign scholars maintained a certain amount of enthusiasm in the research on stadiums and urban development, with a large number of research results. With the holding of the Olympic Games, the number of literature also increases, which provides reference resources for the follow-up research on the stadium and urban development. Second, universities at home and aboard have conducted more research on stadiums and urban development than other types of institutions. Finally, the research hotspots on stadium and urban development focuses on the analysis of the construction and development of stadium from different perspectives, mega sport events, and the relationship between stadiums and urban development from architecture and city and link of stadiums, city and mega sport event.

Strategic Responses on Combating Covid-19 Pandemic In Bhutan

COVID-19 which is a global public health emergency of current time has been creating big impact to the social and economy welfare across globe despite its far-reaching casualties since 2019. There are growing concern with surges in the cases, casualties, and economic recession because of this global pandemic. Times, efforts, and resources have been pumped to the actions including early detection, isolations, care, and vaccines or medicines against COVID-19.This study which is focused on Bhutan is a qualitative research that made use of authentic secondary data. It was established in the form of published records from government report, media, and website along with relevant literatures as the base reference resources. Small country Bhutan has its own story to tell. Its conditions and impacts as visible are not that alarming as expected by this deadly global pandemic. Bhutan has more of success story to share in case of its strategic approaches with holistic planning and effective implementations in its actions towards the control and combating COVID-19 which have proven to be successful. The favorable outcome from this study is a realistic goal can be fulfilled with collective plans and actions in times of needs.

Research on the Impact of Digital Economy on Total Factor Productivity in China

This study applied the pooled regression to examine the linkage effects of digital economy on total factor productivity (TFP) in China based on the data including the provincial TFP calculated by dual method and the digital economy index proposed by principal component analysis in this paper. The results demonstrate that digital economy index has a nonlinear relationship with provincial TFP, and positively promotes the extensive and sustainable development of TFP. Nevertheless, there is a regional diversity that digital integration in eastern China accelerates the high-quality TFP growth, while they are relatively inferior in the central and western regions. The results provide valuable reference resources for the departments concerned to cross the regional barriers existing in technological information, launch the cooperative program and construct the decentralized infrastructure.

Resident Education Curriculum in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: The Short Curriculum 3.0.

Exposure to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) varies across residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and pediatrics, as well as fellowship programs in adolescent medicine. Nevertheless, these programs are responsible for training residents and fellows and providing opportunities within their programs to fulfill PAG learning objectives. To that end, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has taken a leadership role in PAG education by creating and systematically updating the Short Curriculum. This curriculum outlines specific learning objectives that are central to PAG education and lists essential resources for learners' reference. This updated curriculum replaces the previous 2018 publication with added content, resources, and updated references.

One of the most influential reference resources for engineers around the world

One of the most influential reference resources for engineers around the world

QTMP, a Novel Thiourea Polymer, Causes DNA Damage to Exert Anticancer Activity and Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and multidrug resistance (MDR) severely restricts the effectiveness of various anticancer drugs. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer drugs for the treatment of CRC patients with MDR is necessary. Quaternized thiourea main-chain polymer (QTMP) is a self-assembled nanoparticle with good water solubility. Notably, QTMP is not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, and it exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against CRC cells, including HCT116/DDP and P-gp-mediated multidrug-resistant Caco2 cells. QTMP also exhibits a strong anticancer activity against SW480 cells in vivo. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production were increased in a concentration-dependent manner in QTMP-treated HCT116, SW480 and Caco2 cells. Importantly, QTMP causes DNA damage in these CRC cells via direct insertion into the DNA or regulation of ROS and/or RNS production. QTMP also induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via overproduction of ROS and RNS. Therefore, QTMP is a promising anticancer therapeutic agent for patients with CRC, including those cancer cells with P-gp-mediated MDR. The present study also indicates that the design and synthesis of anticancer drugs based on thiourea polymers is promising and valuable, thereby offering a new strategy to address MDR, and provides reference resources for further investigations of thiourea polymers.

Resource Sharing Resources during a Pandemic: A Review

Resource sharing professionals working in interlibrary loan, document delivery, and electronic reserves have created a plethora of reference resources available to fellow professionals since the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States, that began around mid-March 2020. We have delved through the plethora of currently available resources and offer this list of resources as example of the resource sharing community’s exemplary efforts to continue doing what we do best and to stay connected, during this public health crisis.

Cannabinoids and Sleep—Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects(2021) editors Monti JM, Pandi-Peumal SR, Murillo-Rodriguez E pp. 181 ISBN: 9,783,030,616,632 Springer

In 13 chapters, the book approaches the topic of cannabinoids and sleep in an organized and thorough manner, providing clinicians and researchers with detailed descriptions of neurobiology and pathophysiology. The book will serve as a useful reference resource, especially for researchers in the field.

Progress on Computational Ethology

Animal behavior, mostly controlled by the central brain, has been studied in natural environments and controlled laboratory settings. In the early 20th century, researchers studied behavior in natural environments to reveal how it is built from components and organized over time in response to stimuli. In the laboratory settings, researchers study the ability of brain to generate behaviors in response to rewards and punishments. However, there are limitations in quantifying animal behaviors in these two approaches. Recent advances and breakthroughs in computer science provide an important opportunity for overcoming these limitations of behavioral studies. In this review, we focus on an emerging new discipline called “Computational Ethology”, which uses a wide variety of techniques, including computer vision and machine learning, to measure and analyze the patterns of animal behaviors. Computational Ethology allows quantitative analyses of animal behaviors with high efficiency, and has made significant progress in recent years towards a better understanding of behaviors as well as their underlying neural mechanism. Over the last decade, with the application of artificial intelligence in animal behavior study, numerous methods have been developed to automatically quantify animal behavior, including automatic tracking of movements. Classical computer vision methods estimate centroids and ellipses of animals, which reflect the locomotion and orientation, respectively. This estimation was then extended to multiple animals. Nevertheless, non-locomotion information of animal pose cannot be reliably captured. To solve this problem, deep learning-based pose estimation of behaviors in the laboratory setting has been developed for various animal species. In this review, we present a pipeline of collecting and analyzing behavioral data. High-dimensional raw behavioral data are first subjected to dimension reduction. The low-dimensional data are then segmented and analyzed by supervised classification or unsupervised clustering in order to produce behavioral modules. After this, transition probabilities between behavioral modules over time are calculated to elucidate the pattern of behaviors. We also review the application of artificial intelligence to analyze behaviors for diagnosing and evaluating neuropsychiatric diseases and discuss the opportunities and challenges in Computational Ethology. Computational Ethology, a result of substantial interdisciplinary research of neuroscience, psychology, physics, computer science, and ethology has great potential towards a deeper understanding of the nature of animal behaviors. Nevertheless, it is still in its infancy and many questions remain to be explored. This review provides a summary as well as a reference resource for this new yet rapidly advancing discipline. We hope that this review will be informative and useful for a wide interdisciplinary scientific community studying animal behaviors and artificial intelligence.

A Review on Vehicle-Trailer State and Parameter Estimation

Vehicle-trailer systems have various unstable modes including trailer snaking, jack-knifing, and roll-over, which should be considered in their stability control. For stability control design purposes, various techniques have been proposed to estimate vehicle-trailer system states and parameters. Some of these techniques rely on vehicle kinematic/dynamic models while others are data-driven and do not require a model. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of different model-based and non-model-based techniques/algorithms developed for estimating vehicle-trailer system states and parameters. The main features, limitations, and assumptions for each estimation method are discussed. The trailer parameter estimation feasibility is also investigated for different possible vehicle-trailer on-board sensor settings. This paper can be used as a review and reference resource for engineers working in vehicle with semi-trailer state estimation and safety systems.

A Proteomic Approach for Systematic Mapping of Substrates of Human Deubiquitinating Enzymes.

The human genome contains nearly 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) responsible for removing ubiquitin moieties from a large variety of substrates. Which DUBs are responsible for targeting which substrates remain mostly unknown. Here we implement the bioUb approach to identify DUB substrates in a systematic manner, combining gene silencing and proteomics analyses. Silencing of individual DUB enzymes is used to reduce their ubiquitin deconjugating activity, leading to an increase of the ubiquitination of their substrates, which can then be isolated and identified. We report here quantitative proteomic data of the putative substrates of 5 human DUBs. Furthermore, we have built a novel interactive database of DUB substrates to provide easy access to our data and collect DUB proteome data from other groups as a reference resource in the DUB substrates research field.