Reference Text Research Articles

Philippine and South African Experiences on Folk Literature Research: Relevance, Gains, and Challenges

Folkloric studies have accelerated in the Philippines and South Africa because the Academe acknowledged the urgency to collect, preserve, and publish the oral traditions of indigenous communities. Oral traditions embody the history, values, and world views of these indigenous cultures, which need to be preserved for posterity. This paper discusses the relevance, gains, and challenges in conducting folklore research in the Philippines and South Africa, which share similarities, including their colonial pasts and number of indigenous communities. The paper contemplates the relevance of folklore research outputs in different fields thereby contributing to the discourse on the value of folklore research. This qualitative study uses textual analysis to focus on insights related to folklore research, using secondary data including journal articles, book publications, and textual references. The study reveals that although there is extensive research in the field of folklore in both countries, there remain gaps that need to be filled, such as the collection, preservation, and recognition of representative folklore from other regions and cultural communities. South Africa, for instance, has 12 official languages, and the Philippines has 110 ethnolinguistic groups. There are still languages and indigenous oral traditions that are developing, and folk literature that needs to be recorded, preserved, and published. These oral traditions/folk literature play an important role in revealing people’s cultural identities and preserving heritage, which is imperative in nation-building. The findings highlight the importance of continuing research about folklore and the need to preserve indigenous knowledge systems When written down and published, folklore becomes tangible and preserved for posterity, providing present and future generations the opportunity to learn, understand, and appreciate their cultural legacy.

Reference in English-Chinese Legal Translation: Human Translators Versus ChatGPT

Reference is a device of grammatical cohesion; it refers to another element with the same semantic meaning; it can be categorized into personal reference, demonstrative reference, and comparative reference (Halliday & Hasan, 1976). This paper aims to delve into the grammatical cohesion in legal translation, focusing particularly on the translatability of reference in English-Chinese translation through a detailed case study. To this end, the International Code for the Protection of Tourists is chosen as the source text and is compared with two target Chinese translations: one by human translators and the other by ChatGPT (the fourth version). The data related to differences of reference items between English and Chinese are identified and marked. Based on Toury’s (2012) framework of descriptive translation studies, the study is qualitative and is conducted on the English-Chinese translation of reference in the legal text, the human translation, and the ChatGPT’s translation. The research reveals that three translation methods (literal translation, omission, and amplification) are used in translating reference items. It indicates that there are more advantages of human translators than ChatGPT in legal translation.

Referred by Multi-Modality: A Unified Temporal Transformer for Video Object Segmentation

Recently, video object segmentation (VOS) referred by multi-modal signals, e.g., language and audio, has evoked increasing attention in both industry and academia. It is challenging for exploring the semantic alignment within modalities and the visual correspondence across frames. However, existing methods adopt separate network architectures for different modalities, and neglect the inter-frame temporal interaction with references. In this paper, we propose MUTR, a Multi-modal Unified Temporal transformer for Referring video object segmentation. With a unified framework for the first time, MUTR adopts a DETR-style transformer and is capable of segmenting video objects designated by either text or audio reference. Specifically, we introduce two strategies to fully explore the temporal relations between videos and multi-modal signals. Firstly, for low-level temporal aggregation before the transformer, we enable the multi-modal references to capture multi-scale visual cues from consecutive video frames. This effectively endows the text or audio signals with temporal knowledge and boosts the semantic alignment between modalities. Secondly, for high-level temporal interaction after the transformer, we conduct inter-frame feature communication for different object embeddings, contributing to better object-wise correspondence for tracking along the video. On Ref-YouTube-VOS and AVSBench datasets with respective text and audio references, MUTR achieves +4.2% and +8.7% J&F improvements to state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating our significance for unified multi-modal VOS. Code is released at https://github.com/OpenGVLab/MUTR.

Attack Deterministic Conditional Image Generative Models for Diverse and Controllable Generation

Existing generative adversarial network (GAN) based conditional image generative models typically produce fixed output for the same conditional input, which is unreasonable for highly subjective tasks, such as large-mask image inpainting or style transfer. On the other hand, GAN-based diverse image generative methods require retraining/fine-tuning the network or designing complex noise injection functions, which is computationally expensive, task-specific, or struggle to generate high-quality results. Given that many deterministic conditional image generative models have been able to produce high-quality yet fixed results, we raise an intriguing question: is it possible for pre-trained deterministic conditional image generative models to generate diverse results without changing network structures or parameters? To answer this question, we re-examine the conditional image generation tasks from the perspective of adversarial attack and propose a simple and efficient plug-in projected gradient descent (PGD) like method for diverse and controllable image generation. The key idea is attacking the pre-trained deterministic generative models by adding a micro perturbation to the input condition. In this way, diverse results can be generated without any adjustment of network structures or fine-tuning of the pre-trained models. In addition, we can also control the diverse results to be generated by specifying the attack direction according to a reference text or image. Our work opens the door to applying adversarial attack to low-level vision tasks, and experiments on various conditional image generation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Political Propaganda On The Internet: A Systematic Review

The primary goal of this systematic review is to synthesize the empirical proof on how the Internet and social media may represent different dimensions of political Propaganda. In this systematic scientific review, the literature is carried from internet sources and the tenure of selected literature is between 2010-2022. Reference management system and text mining software used to select data for analysis. The researcher systematically examines 1251 research articles. All research studies portrayed the role of internet in shaping political propaganda. This research study also includes both research approaches quantitative and qualitative approaches, 408 research studies selected because all these research studies fulfill criteria of systematic review. Although, 202 research had been eligible for inclusion, with consideration to empirical research with qualitative and quantitative method. In this systematic review, 192 research studies screened while 112 researched studies selected on basis keyword “propaganda” used in name of article, abstract, and full text of article. 31 research studies data is added through Snowball technique. The methodological barriers of the reviewed research discussed, and suggestions made for destiny studies. The internet changes the manners of political use of propaganda and it helps in spreading political propaganda. The empirical findings illustrate that political propaganda in not new in political communication activities and it has a significance increase over time. This improvement requires and defines the functions of propaganda with the aid of using political tactics. Public Relations at this point stops and deliberate propaganda begins.

Educommunication and ICT: from a corpus to a model of educational intervention for critical attitude

ABSTRACT This article proposes an educational intervention model from Educommunication, integrating communication, pedagogy, information technologies and human development principles. The methods used included, first, an exploratory and quantitative procedure to identify the theoretical foundations of Educommunication and critical attitudes. Then a qualitative procedure was carried out to analyse the reference texts. This resulted in an ad hoc objective corpus that allowed the integration of the main strands of Educommunication and provided epistemic support for the model. The development of the corpus also led to the identification of the field’s advances, thus creating theoretical constructs based on the question of how to promote critical attitudes through Educommunication. The model highlights the link between education and ICT development and aims to promote critical attitudes through seven dimensions: media literacy and communication, relationship with others, hypertext, curricular aspects, technology use, methodology and learning objectives.

Die Autonomie der Literatur auf dem Prüfstand. Bourdieus feldtheoretischer Ansatz als Alternative zu soziologistischen Kurzschlüssen

Abstract The article responds to the postulate repeatedly articulated in recent years that the basic assumptions of autonomy aesthetics should be replaced with a »heteronomy aesthetics of modernity« (Marcus Hahn), which is supposedly more adequate to the conditions and practices of the latter and which is also sociologically or anthropologically founded. First, we present the central theories, hypotheses and reference texts (Annette Werberger, Fredric Jameson and especially Bruno Latour) claimed by the proponents of this endeavour (Hahn, Irene Albers and Frederic Ponten), which themselves do not engage in a deeper examination of the aesthetics of autonomy. Then, we contrast these theories with two established approaches to the critical sociologisation of aesthetic autonomy (Peter Bürger and Pierre Bourdieu). The analytical comparison of Bürger’s and Bourdieu’s theoretical designs reveals, on the one hand, significant differences and, on the other hand, reflects the fact that the German criticism of Bourdieu (Hans-Edwin Friedrich, Karlheinz Stierle, Gerhard Plumpe/Nils Werber), which is often based on systems theory, wrongly associates his theory with that of Bürger. Since the differences between Bürger and Bourdieu are reflected in their respective readings of Immanuel Kant, we will reconstruct the latter’s concept of ›disinterested pleasure‹. Bourdieu’s objectifying and relational reception of Kant is different from Bürger’s, which is more concerned with an ideology-critical unmasking and depotentiation. The resulting consideration of the discursive and social conditions of possibility for aesthetic autonomy not only reveals the reductionist understanding by Hahn et al. but also the fact that Bourdieu’s theoretical design already provides a much more differentiated set of analytical tools for the »consistently historically proceeding, unadjusted history of entanglement, function and practice« (Albers/Hahn/Ponten 2022, 13) of literature and aesthetics demanded by Albers, Hahn and Ponten as a »methodological redeployment«. From the perspective of field theory, the patterning of Friedrich Schiller’s theory of ›aesthetic education‹ demonstrates the generalizing fallacy that has already undermined older schools of ideology criticism (Hocks/Schmidt, Janz), to which Albers, Hahn and Ponten now nonetheless explicitly and affirmatively refer: On the one hand, they ignore the analytical differentiation between the object level and the meta-level, i. e. between the self-statements of the actors as ›stakes‹ (by which Bourdieu understands literary works that, according to him, are positional statements) and the scientific objectification of these statements. On the other hand, they ignore the related distinction between positionings on a symbolic and positions on a social level, i. e. in the present context between the assertion of autonomy and the corresponding social position, in short: between what authors say and what they ›are‹ or do. According to Bourdieu, such symbolic positionings and social positions are only mediated by a »homology between the two structures« that is by no means static, but must be specified for each historical situation. In this respect, the polemically derived project of a »heteronomy aesthetics of modernity« proves to be epistemologically one-sided and ill-conceived, especially as it ultimately does not correspond to Latour’s undertaking of a symmetrical anthropology, to which it affirmatively refers. It should be replaced by a differentiated theory formation that takes into account both the historical circumstances and the state of theoretical discussion, without having to abandon postulating a consistent sociologisation and historicisation of the aesthetics of autonomy.

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension on Descriptive Text by Using Crossword Puzzle

The purpose of this research is to find out the improvement of students’ reading comprehension in finding general information, specific information and textual reference of the descriptive text by using crossword puzzle of VIIF of SMPN 19 Pontianak. The participants of the research were 17 male students and 15 female students. The researcher conducted classroom action research in two cycles. After implementing the crossword puzzle as the media of teaching descriptive text, the researcher found that 100% of the students could find general information, 87.5% of the students could find specific information and textual reference of the descriptive text about public building. It showed that crossword puzzle could improve students’ reading comprehension, in terms of finding general information, specific information and textual reference of descriptive text after using crossword puzzle. Further, crossword puzzle also could improve the students’ activeness in learning process, students’ spelling was also improved. The crossword puzzle gives benefits for the students. It is recommended for the future research to do the similar research by using crossword puzzle platform that can be accessed by mobile phone. Keywords: reading comprehension, descriptive text, action research

A Narrative Review Exploring the Similarities between Cilento and the Already Defined "Blue Zones" in Terms of Environment, Nutrition, and Lifestyle: Can Cilento Be Considered an Undefined "Blue Zone"?

Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society, not only as a function of lifespan, but, more importantly, as a function of healthspan. There are Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs), regions around the world, such as in Okinawa, Japan; the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; Loma Linda, California; Icaria, Greece; and Ogliastra, Sardinia, that are characterized by a significant percentage of residents who live exceptionally long lives, often avoiding age-related disability to a significantly higher degree than in the Western way of life. Longevity is not a universal phenomenon, so if there are places in the world with characteristics similar to the LBZs, it is important to identify them in order to better understand what other factors, in addition to the known ones, might contribute to a long and healthy life. This narrative review aims to identify common factors between Cilento and the five LBZs, taking into account environmental, nutritional, and lifestyle factors. Articles from 2004 to the present, limited to studies published in English, German, and Italian, were searched in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The co-authors agreed on 18 final reference texts. In order to evaluate the similarities between Cilento and the LBZs, a descriptive comparative approach was used. Cilento and the LBZs share several common factors, including a hilly altitude ranging from 355 to 600 m; a mild climate throughout the year, with temperatures between 17.4 and 23.5 degrees Celsius; traditional professions, such as agriculture and animal husbandry; and a predominantly Mediterranean or plant-based diet, with typical recipes based on legumes, tubers, vegetables, and extra virgin olive oil. Additionally, maintenance of strong intergenerational family relationships, religious devotion, and social relationships within the community are also prevalent. Given the similarities to Cilento, one might wonder if this is an LBZ waiting to be discovered. The lessons learned from this discovery could be applied to the general population to protect them from non-communicable chronic diseases and help slow the aging process.

하나의 해체적 독법

Attempts to read the language experience of the film MINARI from the perspective of Philosophy of Language in Wittgenstein can be proved sufficiently on the textual dimension. However, this study aims to argue that in reverse, the Ordinary Language of MINARI can be established as a reference text in understanding Wittgenstein's philosophy in toto. This is because MINARI and Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language share the homogenous dialectical worldview. The central methodology for this essay is to reconstruct the logical process of what kind of de-constructive interactions language and ordinary life go through in the drama of MINARI and Wittgenstein's Weltanschuung. Chapter 2, ‘Name and Substance’ will show that the identity of the subject 'I' itself to the world is situated in a variable relationship between Name and Substance. Chapter 3, ‘From Synchronicity to Diachronicity’ attempts to illustrate that the way of existence of life (drama) in the world of 'I' as a social community is altered from a synchronical state to that of the diachronical one through de-constructive processes. Chapter 4, ‘Space of Experience, Experience of Space’ will demonstrate that the space of experience in the perspective of 'I' and the experience of space in the perspective of the world are in a complementary relationship for each other. As a result of this study, it is possible to confirm the significant metaphysical affinity between the authorship of Lee Isaac Chung and Wittgenstein’s expression of life on the textual dimension.

REPRESENTATION OF POPULAR CULTURE IN THE ELECTRONIC CINEMA (REFREED TO AS SINETRON) SITTI NURBAYA SHOWN BY THE TVRI AND THE TRANS TV

The Sitti Nurbaya research on the TV-series’ form is due to under consideration that, thisshow is to be very fond of Indonesian society. The TVRI and Trans TV-version of SittiNurbaya`s TV-series happened to provoke a polemic in mass media. The director and theproducer of this series obtained compliments and scorn, even just in order to bechallenged by a group of audience. Another audience threatened in order to stop the SittiNurbaya series show because it is considered to be able to bring down the Minangkabaupeople’s prestige. The problem of the research is how the Sitti Nurbaya`s novel and TVseriesaudiovisual text structure are? flow does the critics’ perspective watch the TVRIand Trans TV-version of Sitti Nurbaya`s series? What kind of ideology does support theshow of TVRI and Trans TV-version of Sitti Nurbaya`s series?The theory which is used in this research is popular culture, ideology, inter-text andperception theories. This kind of studies model refers to the opinion which stated that thecultural is always political and popular culture becomes a hegemony and ideology.The destructive sign system transposition such as, distortion and deconstruction, in largeof number can be found in Sitti Nurbaya`s TV-series’ Trans TV show. This text destructioncovers plot, background, character and also the extrinsic aspects. The form which isevaluated as the appreciative part is, the story is returned to its context.The television media capitalism strength adapted - Sitti Nurbaya`s novel as literature text- into TV-series form through text transposition i.e. crossing, destructing, erasing,humiliating, and protesting reference text politically. That thing as postmodern culturalphenomenon because the cultural studies creators evaluate modem cultural has failed,because gives high cultural more attention and neglects low cultural which is identical withthe popular culture. The difference on that show version can not let go of from thehegemony or media power. TVRI station is the only station in Indonesia, belongs to thegovernment while Trans TV belongs to the private.
 Keywords: representation, cultural popular, novel, electronica sinema

A literary review article on Agnikarma in Kamala

Jaundice is defined as a yellowish discoloration of skin, mucous membrane and sclera due to the deposition of bile pigment (bilirubin). It can be classified as pre-hepatic, hepatic and post hepatic jaundice. The causes of various forms of Jaundice are either acquired or congenital. The incidence of jaundice in India is 2.37-3.15 per 1000 population. Varied reasons result in jaundice. Some of them are medically managed whereas some require surgical interventions. The underlying causative factors and clinical manifestations in such conditions are similar to Kamala described in Ayurveda. Various treatment protocols have been mentioned by various Acharya in their respective Samhita. One among them is a handbook for an Ayurvedic physician from Andhra Pradesh, written by Basavaraju named as Basavarajiyam where he has mentioned Agnikarma in Kamala Vyadhi which is a unique practice that might help for early recovery of patients. Another famous book on Viddha and Agnikarma Chikitsa by Dr.R.B. Gogate from Maharashtra also mentions about similar kind of treatment. By considering all these, the present article is aimed at understanding the textual references of Agnikarma in Kamala.

Abstract TP43: Optimizing System-Wide Nursing Assessment Documentation in the Stroke Population

Background: Stroke centers following AHA guidelines for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, are challenged by compliance with documentation of vital sign, neuro and neurovascular assessments post thrombolysis interventions. Standardizing documentation in the electronic health record (EHR) increases compliance and reduces patient harm. In a large healthcare system, multiple sites received corrective action findings from regulatory agencies for missed nursing assessments. The centers did not have a documentation workflow aligned with the EHR to capture assessments in the stroke population. Purpose: To create a system-wide documentation workflow that captures nursing assessments in the EHR. Methods: In 2019 a task force of stroke coordinators and clinical informaticists convened to define evidence-based nursing assessments in stroke patients post intervention, define within normal limits for each component, and identify barriers to documentation in the EHR. The EHR was evaluated for component location and other areas in need of optimization. Components were scattered across different EHR locations, leading to missing documentation and assessments were difficult to trend. The task force led the development and implementation of a single EHR location to document nursing assessments. The EHR revisions were implemented in July 2022 after being vetted by system EHR governance, nurse practice council, and stroke coordinator collaborative. Results: A single grouping was developed in the EHR including vitals, focused neurological and neurovascular assessments. This grouping was strategically placed within nursing’s existing workflow. Reference text addressing each element of the grouping and its “within defined limits’ definition were added to align with the organization's documentation standards. To increase visibility of documentation, trending, and the auditing process, a single results view was developed which included all documented assessment components. Conclusion: A system-wide documentation workflow aligned with the EHR optimized documentation workflow, improved visibility of assessments, reduced audit time and regulatory findings. Stroke centers should carefully consider the layout of nursing documentation in the EHR.

Blogging in EFL: a Writing Project using ICT

Blogging has become very popular in different educational fields, including second language teaching. This article arises from the need to research the impact that the implementation of blogging has on the acquisition of certain language competences. The main objective of the study was to research the impact of the use of blogging on the development of writing skills in the foreign language (L2). Students, divided into four groups, were asked to write a number of descriptive essays in which they could reflect both on the theoretical and practical contents seen in class. Using statistical tools such as Coh-Metrix to establish the errors that Spanish engineering undergraduates make when writing in English, the metrics of their texts were compared to the metrics resulting from a set of reference texts. Findings revealed that the use of blogging was positive in the four different groups. The high correlation between the grades awarded to students' essays by the teachers and those given by the Coh-Metrix tool showed its effectiveness in the study of the linguistic and discursive indices of the English texts produced by students.

Water uptake by plants under nonuniform soil moisture conditions: A comprehensive numerical and experimental analysis

The spatiotemporal pattern of root water uptake (RWU) depends on multiple factors, such as plant root biomass, soil water availability, and prevailing weather conditions at the site. The water uptake reduction due to the nonuniformity in soil water contents is often mitigated through compensated root water uptake (CRWU) and hydraulic redistribution (HR). Although previous studies have often considered these two processes independently due to the simplicity and feasibility of analyzing them separately, CRWU and HR can coexist in field conditions. Therefore, this work demonstrates the importance of considering CRWU and HR simultaneously in estimating daily transpiration and RWU distribution for nonuniform soil moisture conditions. For that, we have implemented the mechanistic RWU models developed by de Jong van Lier et al. (denoted below as the DJ model), Couvreur (CR), and Nimah and Hanks (NH) (see the references in the main text) into the widely-used HYDRUS-1D model, in addition to the previously available Jarvis (JF) and Feddes (FD) models. The performance of these models was then compared for varying soil water contents and boundary conditions using experimental data and hypothetical modeling scenarios. Our analysis has shown that these models are beneficial in estimating RWU with varying degrees of accuracy. The DJ and CR models are effective in simultaneously simulating CRWU and HR. NH and JF models can simulate CRWU but cannot simulate HR satisfactorily. Implementing these models into the HYDRUS platform for simultaneously considering CRWU and HR will significantly improve the accuracy of RWU predictions.

Teething Problems: Pierced tooth amulets and sensing pain in the Roman archaeological record

References in ancient literary texts refer to the use of pierced teeth as amulets used for the prevention and reduction of teething pains in infants. In this paper, I explore some of the sensory aspects of this phenomenon by centralising pain as a sensory experience. I draw on a dataset of these objects from Roman Britain in order to contextualise the types and use of these objects within the Roman world. These two facets, linking the sensory experiences of teething pain to real, material objects, allows for a discussion of the lived and embodied experience of wearing this amulet in the ancient world, through which a greater appreciation of its sensory importance is gained. 

Measuring the growth and impact of library and information science research in India: a multidimensional scientometric assessment

Purpose This study aims to provide insight into Library and Information Science (LIS) research in India using scientometric approaches. Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases were used for data retrieval. The study examines productivity in terms of source types, gender distribution, document formats, authorship and other factors. In addition, this study sought to identify trends or patterns in the research preferences of LIS scientists through text analysis. Design/methodology/approach Data were downloaded from the WoS and Scopus databases over 22 years and analysed using VOSviewer, Orange, Biblioshiny and CRExplorer softwares. Findings The findings reveal that 5,692 out of the 9,384 documents in both databases underwent the final examination. In total, 466 different sources produced all of those papers. Author analysis revealed that 6,603 different authors authored 5,692 documents. There were 4,209 male and 1,063 female authors. Furthermore, India shares maximum collaborations with the USA and England. The spectrogram features nine significant peaks corresponding to Lotka’s, Bradford’s and similar laws. Text analysis revealed that Indian LIS researchers have consistently investigated open access and digital or open libraries. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study will provide readers with a better understanding of India’s contribution to LIS. In addition, the study will help academics identify research gaps and undiscovered areas in the Indian context that require further investigation. Originality/value Not many studies highlight Indian research trends and international collaboration in LIS. This study highlights research trends, collaboration and gender productivity in LIS. The most cited references and trending topics were also identified using reference publication year spectroscopy and text analysis techniques.

Hope during somber times: a defining moment.

In addition to the diverse educational materials the National Cancer Institute provides to patients, caregivers, and health-care professionals, the NCI maintains an online dictionary that provides concise definitions of terms used in modern oncology. The dictionary is regarded as a valuable data reserve because it is updated frequently and employs language that facilitates comprehension among lay users and professionals alike. In this commentary, we call attention to the absence of the word hope as an entry in this important digital resource. Moreover, we propose not only including the concept of hope in this vital reference text but also basing its meaning on C. R. Snyder's model of "hope theory," which stresses the importance of 3 entities: goals, pathways thinking, and agency. Finally, we argue that hope can be taught as a skill to relevant stakeholders (eg, patients, caregivers, and health-care professionals) through brief workshops that have recently been expanded from in-person encounters to virtual platforms revolving around a user-friendly mobile app called "Hopetimize."

Terms of debate: Consensus definitions to guide the scientific discourse on visual distraction.

Hypothesis-driven research rests on clearly articulated scientific theories. The building blocks for communicating these theories are scientific terms. Obviously, communication - and thus, scientific progress - is hampered if the meaning of these terms varies idiosyncratically across (sub)fields and even across individual researchers within the same subfield. We have formed an international group of experts representing various theoretical stances with the goal to homogenize the use of the terms that are most relevant to fundamental research on visual distraction in visual search. Our discussions revealed striking heterogeneity and we had to invest much time and effort to increase our mutual understanding of each other's use of central terms, which turned out to be strongly related to our respective theoretical positions. We present the outcomes of these discussions in a glossary and provide some context in several essays. Specifically, we explicate how central terms are used in the distraction literature and consensually sharpen their definitions in order to enable communication across theoretical standpoints. Where applicable, we also explain how the respective constructs can be measured. We believe that this novel type of adversarial collaboration can serve as a model for other fields of psychological research that strive to build a solid groundwork for theorizing and communicating by establishing a common language. For the field of visual distraction, the present paper should facilitate communication across theoretical standpoints and may serve as an introduction and reference text for newcomers.

Kitab Kuning dan Pesantren: Peran MA Baitussalam Melestarikan Warisan Intelektual

Kitab kuning viewed as theory and values contributor that followed al-Quran and Hadis Nabi as a background. In pesantren world, kitab kuning position are very strategic because it used as text book, references, and curriculum within pesantren education system. Aside from being religion procedure guideline, kitab kuning also functioned as universalreferences on responding every life challenge among pesantren people. This writing presents the results of research on the tradition of reading "kitab kuning" (yellow books) in Islamic boarding schools (Pondok Pesantren). The research employed a data collection method involving the reading and interpretation of various models of learning "kitab kuning" in pesantren, with a particular focus on observing Islamic Boarding School Baitussalam. The findings of this research indicate that the tradition of learning to read "kitab kuning" is still ongoing in Pondok Pesantren. The in-depth study and learning models of "kitab kuning" have become distinctive features in developing literacy and scholarly references in the world of pesantren. Classic texts, commonly known as "kitab kuning," play a crucial role in advancing the teachings of Islam. This underscores the importance of studying these yellow books. Islamic scholars have compiled these teachings into uniquely yellow-colored books, which are studied in Madrasahs and Pondok Pesantren. These books contain Islamic knowledge, particularly in the field of Islamic jurisprudence (Fikih), and are written or printed in Arabic script, using Arabic or Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, and other languages.