Waste Reduction Research Articles

Systematic study on the application of lean six sigma in improving efficiency, quality and safety in the food industry

The proposed scientific article aims to analyze the application of Lean Six Sigma in the food industry. To this end, a detailed methodology has been designed that ranges from the selection of the works to the synthesis and presentation of the results obtained. The methodology is based on rigorous inclusion criteria to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected sources, including books, academic articles, theses, and other relevant documents. Through extensive searches of academic databases and other reliable sources, key works were identified that specifically address the implementation of Lean Six Sigma in the context of food production. Once the relevant papers were collected, a critical analysis was conducted to identify common themes, trends, and key findings. The works were classified according to their main focus, such as process improvement, waste reduction, supply chain optimization and food safety assurance. This categorization allowed the information to be organized in a coherent way and to facilitate the synthesis of the results. The results obtained were presented in a table that included details about each selected work, such as title, author, year of publication, abstract and links to the original source. This structured and rigorous approach provides a clear and comprehensive view of the topic, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in this area and offering practical guidance for practitioners and researchers interested in the application of Lean Six Sigma in the food industry. The literature on Lean Six Sigma in the food industry highlights its importance in improving efficiency, quality, and safety. Key recommendations include gradual implementation, appropriate training, focus on quality, and continuous improvement.

FP8.3 - Reducing Waste with Remanufactured Harmonic Devices

Abstract The NHS produces an estimated 590,000 tonnes of waste per annum and disposable harmonic scalpels are costly both financially and environmentally. The average cost of a new harmonic device nationally is £460. Remanufactured harmonic devices are not only recommended by the Intercollegiate Green Theatre Checklist and NHS England but also the Department of Health Med Tech Strategy. North Bristol NHS Trust has engaged with the initiative from Vanguard to reduce clinical waste as well as utilise remanufactured harmonic devices. Initially the project began in January 2023 with collecting used devices only, but this was followed by the rollout and use of remanufactured devices within colorectal surgery in May 2023. The initiative has resulted in a reduction of clinical waste produced as well as a significant cost saving. 56 devices used so far in colorectal surgery have saved £12,880 and the estimated CO2 saving is 97 kilograms. There have been no incidents regarding the use of remanufactured devices or concerns raised. The project’s success has resulted in recent expansion into gynaecological surgery where the first remanufactured devices are in use. Based on previous harmonic device usage within NBT of 618 per annum, projected savings of using remanufactured devices are likely to reach £71,070 and half a tonne of CO2 in the next year. This represents a significant financial and environmental initiative to continue the drive to reduce disposable waste within surgical theatres.

Characterisation of the Rigid Body Vibration Spectra of Road Transport Vehicles

ABSTRACTFor decades, numerous attempts at re‐creating realistic (vertical) vibrations that purport to represent typical conditions during road transport have been proposed and published. This has and continues to result in a significant number of target power density spectra (PDS) for use in laboratory simulation of vibrations despite the fact that the underlying parameters that influence the vibrations (road surface unevenness and vehicle dynamics) remain largely unchanged. This paper seeks to address this situation by analysing published and measured PDS (129 in total) from a variety of vehicles and road types with the aim of establishing typical PDS. Through the analysis of the frequency of the first natural mode of these PDS, it was found that there exist five typical response PDS (three for steel leaf suspension and two for air ride suspension) that can be considered as representative vibration response PDS for road transport in general. These representative PDS were matched with a two degree‐of‐freedom quarter‐car model representing the heave response of the rigid body motion of the vehicles. The analysis suggests that the higher frequency content of the measured data is not related to rigid body motion but emanates from drivetrain and, in some cases, structural vibrations. These usually comprise numerous harmonics of fixed and varying frequencies as well as transients. As these vibrations are impossible to classify based on vehicle type, it is recommended that the five quarter‐car representative spectral models proposed in this paper—namely, for steel leaf spring suspended vehicles with heavy, moderate and light loads and air ride type vehicles with heavy and light loads—be used for laboratory simulation for the purpose of evaluating the vibration resistance of products and packaged systems. It is suggested that, for most packaged product, this is sufficient to test their ability to survive road transport vibrations. These will yield more realistic vibrations than those endorsed by standards organisations and should have a positive impact on the optimisation of packaging designs and a corresponding reduction in packaging waste. Finally, the need for further work aimed at developing methods to identify and extract fixed and varying discrete frequency vibration as well as transient vibrations was identified.

Advancements in inventory management within the agricultural supply chain: implications for waste reduction and sustainability

Advancements in inventory management within the agricultural supply chain: implications for waste reduction and sustainability

FP8.10 - Sustainability in Hand Surgery

Abstract Aims Carpal tunnel release surgery (CTR) is a widely performed procedure in the NHS with significant contributions to waste and carbon emissions within surgery. 36,704 CTRs were preformed from 2022-2023 with an average carbon footprint of 12.0 kg CO2e. The aim of this quality improvement project is to reduce the carbon footprint of CTR through a lean and green model, and examine the rates of infection with this model compared to standard practice. Methods Retrospective data was collected for CTRs performed at the Royal Cornwall Hospital between 31/05/2022 and 01/02/2023 for the first audit cycle using standard set up and equipment. The primary outcome was rates of infection post-CTR. The lean and green model included reducing the number of instruments in the handset (36 items to 14 items), use of a smaller drape, and no gown for the procedure. The second cycle will be examining rates of infection following this intervention. Results Out of 100 patients in the first cycle, 1 patient was treated with antibiotics via a General Practitioner telephone consultation. These eco-changes were well received by staff members, with significant waste reduction this far (over 50 gowns and 25 aperture drapes). Data collection for the second cycle is currently underway. Conclusions CTR surgery is a commonly performed procedure with significant contributions to waste and carbon footprint within surgery. Through simple and low-cost changes to current practice we can promote sustainability in surgery and have a lasting positive impact on the environment.

Consumo responsable y cadena de valor hacia un modelo sostenible en el desarrollo local del cantón Quevedo

The objective of this study was to analyze responsible consumption and the value chain as foundations for the development of a sustainable model in the Quevedo Canton. The sample size was calculated with Decision Analyst STATSTM 2.0 software. The information was obtained by applying a questionnaire to 123 consumers. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program (Version 22.0). Consumption, availability of environmentally friendly products and the value chain were addressed. The results revealed a high degree of reliability for the 12 items, according to Cronbach's Alpha method, with a value of 0.80. Responsible consumption mainly allows the reduction of waste, conservation of resources and the choice of sustainable products and services, an educational model used is awareness and environmental education programs through digital means to provide effective solutions in the transition towards eco-friendly products. More sustainable consumption practices were adopted, cooperation between actors in the value chain allows them to promote educational awareness programs and community commitment, implementing environmental regulations in each of the links and executing permits to guarantee the quality in each of the products that are demanded.

EXPLORING INNOVATIONS IN SPORTS VENUE MANAGEMENT IN CHINA: BALANCING UTILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

This paper explores innovative strategies for enhancing the utilization, financial sustainability, and community engagement of sports venues in China. As the industry faces challenges related to underutilization and economic viability, the study emphasizes the importance of multifunctional transformation and community-based operations. By reconfiguring sports venues to host a variety of events beyond traditional sports, operators can significantly increase utilization rates and revenue streams. The integration of digital and smart management technologies is identified as crucial for optimizing operational efficiency and enhancing the user experience. Additionally, the paper highlights the need for diversified revenue models, including retail services, corporate sponsorships, and digital content monetization, combined with sustainable development practices such as energy efficiency and waste reduction. These strategies not only secure the long-term financial health of sports venues but also align with broader environmental and social goals. The study concludes that sports venues adopting these innovative approaches will be better positioned to thrive in a competitive and evolving market landscape. KEYWORDS：Sports Venue Management，Multifunctional Transformation，Community-Based Operations，Digital and Smart Technologies，Diversified Revenue Models，Sustainable Development

Co-treatment of agri-food waste streams using black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.): A sustainable solution for rural waste management

The management of rural waste, particularly agri-food waste, poses a major challenge to the ecosystem health. This study investigated the efficacy of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) bioconversion for agri-food waste under independent treatment or co-treatment strategies using chicken manure and food waste as a model system. The results showed a synergistic effect of co-treating agri-food waste from different sources. The co-treatment strategy enhanced bioconversion efficiency, resulting in a 1.31-fold waste reduction rate and a 1.93-fold bioconversion rate. Additionally, larval growth performance and biomass quality of BSFL were improved, while lauric acid and oleic acid were enriched in the larval fat from the co-treatment strategy. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the co-treatment strategy reshaped both the residue and larval gut microbiota, with distinct enrichment of taxonomical biomarkers. Furthermore, under this strategy, metabolic functions of the residue microbiota were significantly activated, especially carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism were enhanced by 16.3%, 23.5%, and 20.2%, respectively. The early colonization of lactic acid bacteria (Weisella and Aerococcus) in the residue, coupled with a symbiotic relationship between Enterococcus in the larval gut and the host, likely promoted organic matter degradation and larval growth performance. Scaling up the findings to a national level in China suggests that the co-treatment strategy can increase waste reduction quantity by 86,329 tonnes annually and produce more larval protein and fat with a market value of approximately US$237 million. Therefore, co-treatment of agri-food waste streams using BSFL presents a sustainable solution for rural waste management that potentially contributes to the achievement of SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

Anesthesia and Operating Room Waste Management

Introduction Operating rooms (ORs) are associated with high waste generation that contribute significantly to the overall hospital waste production, costs, and environmental impact. Hence, this study sought to explore the impact of the revision of single-use surgical packs in waste reduction and hospital cost savings. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess waste reduction strategies in operating rooms. A search was conducted on databases to evaluate the impacts of interventions on anesthesia waste reduction and cost savings. The search was limited to studies conducted between 2014 and 2024. Results The findings of the systematic review indicate that the revision of single-use surgical packs was associated with significant reductions in OR and anesthesia waste production and hospital costs. Conclusion The findings show that waste reduction initiatives could be effective in enhancing the sustainability of surgical procedures. The study underscores the role of simple but sustainable practices in addressing persistent environmental and financial challenges in the healthcare sector.

Salience and food waste reduction: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic

This article investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household food waste management behavior. By utilizing 1.6 million dining transactions at 87 restaurants in 10 Chinese cities, we find that an average 8.4 percent reduction in plate waste in restaurants associated with new COVID-19 infections at the national level during the pandemic. Further evidence shows that this change in behavior is not permanent, as the level of plate waste tends to revert to pre-pandemic levels once the pandemic came under control. We test several explanations for the empirical findings and conclude that salience bias is the most plausible explanations. This insight into waste management behavior highlights the importance of utilizing salience-friendly policy instruments to effectively implement resource conservation and waste management policy goals.

REDUCTION OF FOOD COSTS AND WASTE IN PRE-PREPARATION OF MEALS BY IMPLEMENTING TECHNICAL TOKENS IN A FORTALEZA-CEARÁ FOOD AND NUTRITION UNIT

The Food and Nutrition (HFS) is a unit which develops activities related to food and nutrition, providing safe meals. To reduce waste, it can be used to produce sheet (FTP) that it is an effective tool for the control of production of foodstuffs both in financial as well as nutrition. This work aims to standardize and reduce waste in the pre-preparation and cost of preparations by deploying factsheets on a Power Unit Nutrition business in Fortaleza-Ceará. This is an observational study, prospective, descriptive quantitative, with six days of execution. The fact sheets were made of five (5) dishes present in the unit in which menu was composed of entrance, main dishes, base plate, trim and desserts. Among the FC obtained in this study there was a significant variation in the results available in the literature, making it possible to compare the losses, evaluation of raw materials, storage, receipt and hand labor used. With the reduction of factors, therefore there was a reduction in the cost of the preparation of the meals, as FC interfere with cost values, the sales price is an important factor in determining the profit of the company. Based on the data presented, it is concluded that this data sheet is a very important tool for the units of food and nutrition, it provides a reduction in waste and cost of preparations, and contribute to the choice of supplier, upon receipt, storage , handling, assisting in the planning of purchasing, control production costs and providing a standard and quality of meals.

Integration of Sustainable and Net-Zero Concepts in Shape-Memory Polymer Composites to Enhance Environmental Performance.

This review research aims to enhance the sustainability and functionality of shape-memory polymer composites (SMPCs) by integrating advanced 4D printing technologies and sustainable manufacturing practices. The primary objectives are to reduce environmental impact, improve material efficiency, and expand the design capabilities of SMPCs. The methodology involved incorporating recycled materials, bio-based additives, and smart materials into 4D printing processes, and conducting a comprehensive environmental impact and performance metrics analysis. Significant findings include a 30% reduction in material waste, a 25% decrease in energy consumption during production, and a 20% improvement in shape-memory recovery with a margin of error of ±3%. Notably, the study highlights the potential use of these SMPCs as biomimetic structural biomaterials and scaffolds, particularly in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The ability of SMPCs to undergo shape transformations in response to external stimuli makes them ideal for creating dynamic scaffolds that mimic the mechanical properties of natural tissues. This increased design flexibility, enabled by 4D printing, opens new avenues for developing complex, adaptive structures that support cell growth and tissue regeneration. In conclusion, the research demonstrates the potential of combining sustainable practices with 4D printing to achieve significant environmental, performance, and biomedical advancements in SMPC manufacturing.

An experimental study on the wear performance of 3D printed polylactic acid and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid parts: Effect of infill rate and water absorption time

AbstractRapid prototyping, also known as additive manufacturing, is a nascent technology that is gaining traction in the context of environmental concerns and waste reduction, as well as the growing trend towards customized design. The additive manufacturing method, which has applications in diverse fields such as aviation, architecture, biomedical and automotive engineering, has also begun to be utilized in the construction of yachts and yacht hulls within the maritime industry. In this experimental study, the influences of sea water on polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA/CF) parts manufactured at different infill rates (20%, 60% and 100%) were investigated. The parts were exposed to sea water for three different periods (1, 5, and 10 days) and subsequently subjected to wear tests. The dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, hardness, water absorption, volume loss, and friction coefficient of parts were measured and calculated. Additionally, the worn surfaces of the parts were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The findings indicate that PLA and PLA/CF parts can be produced with high dimensional accuracy. Furthermore, it can be reported that the water absorption of PLA/CF parts increased, particularly with an increase in the infill rate, while the volume loss decreased. Obtained results indicate the necessity of optimizing the 3D printing parameters and the relationship between the ambient conditions and the wear performance of the 3D printed parts.Highlights 3D printing is a highly promising method for the production of polymer composites. A pioneering study into the effect of infill rate and water absorption on the wear performance. Coefficient of friction values of PLA and PLA/CF parts ranged between 0.37 and 0.75. PLA/CF mostly exhibited higher volume loss than PLA with water absorption. Volume loss declines with a raise in the infill rate from 20% to 100%.

Compressive Strength Comparison Between Plain Concrete and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Mixed Concrete

The construction industry continuously seeks innovative approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete while addressing environmental concerns. This research investigates the quality, mechanical properties, compressive strength of concrete incorporating Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), a plastic material usually Cold drinks bottle, and compares it with plain concrete. Study involves to replace natural aggregate by an artificial aggregate (PET). PET were introduced into the concrete mix at varying percentages by weight of fine aggregate, following the principle of design mix and comprehensive laboratory testing was conducted to determine the density, quality, Compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete with and without Polyethylene Terephthalate. Non-Destructive test was conducted using Rebound Hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse and Destructive test using Universal Testing Machine. The results reveal that PET mixed concrete slightly decreases the compressive strength of concrete with increasing the percentage of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). Density of concrete is 2400kg/m3and concrete up to 6% PET follows the standard value. Based on this study optimum 3.52% of PET by weight can be used in concrete mix. This study underscores the potential of PET fibers as an effective reinforcement material for concrete, contributing to the reduction of plastic waste in the environment. The findings provide valuable insights for the construction industry, highlighting the feasibility of incorporating recycled plastics into concrete mixes to enhance structural performance while promoting sustainability.

Optimizing Plastic Waste Reduction through Education and Ecobrick Implementation in Penjalin Village

This study investigates the implementation of ecobricks as a strategy to reduce plastic waste in Penjalin Village. The research focused on the effectiveness of educational workshops and community involvement in promoting sustainable waste management practices. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, workshops, and observations conducted over three months. The results showed that plastic waste is a significant issue in the village, with limited awareness of proper waste disposal methods. The introduction of ecobricks, coupled with community education, resulted in increased participation and a positive shift in attitudes towards environmental sustainability. The study also found that the success of the ecobrick initiative relies heavily on continued education and community engagement. The findings suggest that similar strategies could be effective in other rural areas facing similar challenges. This research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable waste management and highlights the potential of ecobricks as a practical solution to plastic waste problems.

Incineration Innovation: A Path to Efficient and Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Kuwait

Municipal solid waste management has become a critical global issue due to the rapid increase in waste generation driven by urbanization and population growth. This surge in waste poses significant environmental, social, and health challenges, exacerbated by inefficient recycling and waste-to-energy facilities. Effective waste management requires comprehensive strategies encompassing waste reduction, efficient collection, sorting systems, and advanced recycling and energy recovery technologies. This study highlights the potential of incineration as a waste-to-energy solution, specifically focusing on Kuwait. By analyzing various waste management technologies and their applicability, this study emphasizes the role of incineration in transforming municipal solid waste into electricity, thereby reducing landfill use and environmental impacts. The research includes a detailed review of the existing technologies, a case study on Kuwait’s waste management practices, and an evaluation of the economic and environmental benefits of implementing waste-to-energy incineration. The findings underscore the importance of tailored waste management solutions to address specific regional challenges, promote sustainability, and enhance public health and well-being.

Comparative Analysis of ESG and Financial Performance Across Technology, Healthcare, and Consumer Goods Industries: A Study of Dominant Companies

This study delves into the comparative analysis of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors and financial performance across three distinct industries: Technology, Healthcare, and Consumer Goods. The research aims to understand the relationship between ESG integration and financial outcomes, examining dominant companies within each sector. In the technology sector, Apple Inc. exemplifies robust ESG practices, including renewable energy projects and sustainable material sourcing, which correlate with strong financial performance metrics. Johnson & Johnson, representing the healthcare industry, demonstrates significant progress in healthcare access and environmental sustainability, reflecting positively on financial indicators. Procter & Gamble (P&G) in the consumer goods sector exhibits notable efforts in waste reduction and sustainable sourcing, contributing to market leadership and financial stability. While ESG integration appears to positively influence financial performance across these industries, the extent of alignment varies, suggesting the need for further research and sector-specific strategies. The findings underscore the importance of transparent ESG reporting and tailored strategies to drive long-term value creation and resilience in today's evolving business landscape.

Using blockchain technology to achieve sustainability in the hospitality industry by reducing food waste

The hospitality industry generates significant food waste, leading to adverse environmental and economic impacts, social and ethical concerns, legal and regulatory issues, and operational challenges. The lack of traceability and trust among stakeholders in the hospitality industry exacerbates the expensive and difficult nature of food waste management. This work proposes a blockchain-based solution that aims to minimize food waste generated in hospitality outlets, thereby fostering a sustainable food ecosystem. Within this context, the term’sustainable food ecosystem’ refers to the interconnected network of stakeholders involved in the responsible management of food resources within the hospitality industry. In this context, we categorize these stakeholders under the umbrella of’food resource management entities,’ encompassing both food donation organizations and recycling companies, recognizing their distinct roles in the effective management of surplus food resources. With our proposed solution, businesses can track and verify the origin, movement, and disposal of food items in real-time, facilitating streamlined inventory planning, waste reduction, and heightened operational efficiency. Additionally, the proposed system ensures transparency and accountability, guaranteeing the proper and efficient disposal of food waste. Using a permissioned Ethereum network, our solution establishes seamless connectivity between food and beverage outlets and various food resource management entities. We present a generalized system for secure information sharing, integrating advanced algorithms tailored to capture and enhance trust among participating stakeholders. Furthermore, our thorough security analysis underscores the robustness of our proposed solution, effectively addressing various security vulnerabilities. Lastly, the proposed blockchain-based solution is commercially viable, enabling the hospitality industry to operate with enhanced efficiency while providing improved information connectivity for various stakeholders in the food supply chain.

A comprehensive review of current approaches on food waste reduction strategies.

Food waste is a serious worldwide issue that has an impact on the environment, society, and economy. This comprehensive review provides a detailed description of methods and approaches for reducing food waste, emphasizing the necessity of comprehensive strategies to tackle its intricate relationship with environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic prosperity. By scrutinizing the extent and impact of food waste, from initial production stages to final disposal, this comprehensive review underlines the urgent need for integrated solutions that include technological advancements, behavioral interventions, regulatory frameworks, and collaborative endeavors. Environmental assessments highlight the significant contribution of food waste to greenhouse gas emissions, land degradation, water scarcity, and energy inefficiency, thereby emphasizing the importance of curtailing its environmental impact. Concurrently, the social and economic consequences of food waste, such as food insecurity, economic losses, and disparities in food access, underscore the imperative for coordinated action across multiple sectors. Food waste can also be effectively reduced by various innovative approaches, such as technological waste reduction solutions, supply chain optimization strategies, consumer behavior-focused initiatives, and waste recovery and recycling techniques. Furthermore, in order to foster an environment that encourages the reduction of food waste and facilitates the transition to a circular economy, legislative changes and regulatory actions are essential. By embracing these multifaceted strategies and approaches, stakeholders can unite to confront the global food waste crisis, thereby fostering resilience, sustainability, and social equity within our food systems.

A waste reduction strategy through autonomation under a closed-loop supply chain management

Currently, apart from manufacturing processes, the remanufacturing of products is considerably important. Appropriate remanufacturing requires the operation of long-run manufacturing systems. However, in long-run processes, the production system may convert to an out-of-control state due to machine breakdowns. Then, defective products are frequently produced; this increases wastage and disrupts environmental sustainability. In this model, a smart autonomation policy is deliberated for an error-free inspection in separating defective products during production. The autonomation policy facilitates waste reduction through remanufacturing. This paper concentrates on customer awareness and service-dependent demand, which directly improves the overall profitability of the system. A discrete investment to reduce setup cost, continuous investment to collect used goods, and cap-and-trade strategy to limit carbon emission are considered to obtain a more realistic model. Classical optimization method is applied for global maximum profit test of the profit function with respect to cycle length, customer awareness, service investment, discrete investment to reduce setup cost, number of shipments, and container capacities. Numerical testing, sensitivity to total profit in different cost parameters, and comparisons with previous research are explained. Some special scenarios including graphical representations are discussed to prove that a large investment is more beneficial than the cost of specific setup and collection.