Reduce Waste Generation Research Articles

Waste management practices at Corvinus University of Budapest

The best practices of a university waste management considering innovation, impact, and future direction of sustainable universities involve a comprehensive approach that considers not only the environmental impact of waste but also the social and economic dimensions of sustainability. This is especially true for higher education institutions that are meant to educate most future business and social leaders of a country or a region, as is the case at Corvinus University of Budapest. The first step in waste management is to minimize the amount of waste generated. Corvinus achieve this by promoting a culture of sustainability on campus and encouraging students, faculty, and staff to adopt eco-friendly habits, such as using reusable bags, bottles, and containers, and minimizing the use of single-use items and encouraging the use of digital documents instead of paper. After reducing waste generation, the next step is to reuse and recycle as much as possible.Corvinus set up recycling stations that accept a wide range of materials, such as plastics, paper, and electronics. Additionally, Corvinus works with local organizations to donate gently used items, such as furniture and IT, instead of sending them to landfills.Corvinus track their waste generation and disposal to identify areas for improvement and evaluate the effectiveness of their waste management programs. By regularly monitoring and reporting on their waste management practices, Corvinus set goals for improvement and demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.Corvinus collaborate with industry, government, and community groups to find new and innovative solutions for waste management. This include partnering with local waste management organizations to develop sustainable waste management practices, as well as working with local businesses to reduce waste generation. Overall, a successful waste management program at a sustainable university requires a multifaceted approach that incorporates education, outreach, partnerships, technology, and monitoring. By implementing these best practices, universities can reduce their environmental impact, engage students, and staff in sustainable practices, and demonstrate their commitment to creating a more sustainable future.

The impact of public awareness, infrastructure, and technological development with economic growth on solid waste management of European countries: does governance quality matters.

Solid waste generation is a significant problem affecting the ecosystem, human health, and safety. However, the issue is not given the attention it truly deserves. Consequently, this study is aimed at assessing the impact of various factors, such as economic growth, public awareness, infrastructure, and technological advancements, on generating municipal waste in the European Union (EU) for the period 1995-2020. Furthermore, the study incorporated the mediating effect of economic growth and government effectiveness with public awareness, infrastructure, and technological development to reduce waste generation. By employing the bias-corrected method of moments, the study finds that overall waste generation does not decrease over time in EU economies. Furthermore, Denmark is the top-ranked country among the sampled countries to generate waste. However, Finland is at the top in government effectiveness. The empirical findings showed that economic growth is the significant reason for the increase in solid waste production. Additionally, the interaction effects of economic growth with public awareness, infrastructure, and technological development are positive. However, the individual impact of public awareness, infrastructure, and technological development is positive in reducing waste generation. Governance effectiveness is a significant tool to lower waste generation in European economies.

FIA- spectrophotometric method for the determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceuticals; application of AES, GAPI, and AGREE greenness assessment tools

A new, simple, and sensitive FIA-spectrophotometric method has been developed for evaluating pure amoxicillin and pharmaceutical formulations. The FIA method involves the reaction of dapsone with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, the diazotized dapsone is coupled with amoxicillin in an alkaline medium, resulting in a stable orange dye with a maximum wavelength of 440 nm. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and found to have a concentration range of 1–150 µg/mL, a correlation coefficient of 0.9994, a molar extinction coefficient of 0.273 × 104 L/mol.cm, and a detection limit of 0.074 µg/mL. The FIA method was then evaluated using AES, GAPI, and AGREES analytical greenness assessment tools. The FIA method uses dapsone as an eco-friendly reagent, in addition to the FIA method's advantages of reduced sample and reagent usage, reduced waste generation, and cheaper equipment. So, it has been proposed as an excellent eco-friendly method for the determination of AMX in pharmaceutical formulations.

Analisis Pengembangan Skula Kompos Berbasis Kegiatan Pemberdyaan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus : PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Pabrik Cilacap)

The compost school (skula kompos) is a product of community empowerment activities that focuses on developing education on household-based organic waste management. This program is one of a series of innovations in the Baruwani Program (Bala Runtah Watu Geni) which was initiated in 2019 by PT Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk, Cilacap factory. The baruwani program itself focuses on waste sorting and processing activities in the community where the output produced not only reduces waste generation, but produces other innovations, especially to support the successful use of waste as an alternative fuel to replace coal in the cement production process. The benefit of making this compost is to help people optimize the use of household waste so that it can have high use value and be useful as compost fertilizer which in the next stage can be used to support urban farming activities. Making compost and being able to reduce dependence on the use of inorganic fertilizers which contain many compounds that are less environmentally friendly, has the potential to become a social business that has an economic impact. Skula kompos is a forum for outreach and training which is attended by baruwani's assisted communities and other parties who are interested in making compost using the unique method of Skula kompos BSM Subur.

New perspectives on people management dimensions in recycling startups

PurposeThis research aims to explore people management (PM) dimensions in Nepalese recycling startups (R-startups).Design/methodology/approachIt follows a case study and qualitative research approach. Information is collected from Internet searches and R-startups’ blogs. For research purposes, 12 cases out of 30 R-startups are selected using convenient and purposeful non-probability sampling methods.FindingsThree major findings are as follows: (1) the founders of R-startups have become more environmentally aware and motivated to source materials, manufacture products and deliver them without harming the environment; (2) the founders are establishing work-flow to create future employment opportunities and (3) the PM dimensions in R-startups appear to be sustainable and apparently linked with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.5, which aims to reduce waste generation substantially through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse.Research limitations/implicationsSince researchers use widely accessible internet information, there is no possibility of interfering with the website's text and data. The analysis is solely based on the opinions of founders/co-founders of R-startups.Practical implicationsThis research presents PM dimensions in R-startups and contributes to the literature in this new field of study. Although on a small scale, this research can provide a basis for minimizing circulatory gaps and closing the loop through circular business (CB). It also provides insights into managing waste in order to create opportunities and wealth.Originality/valueThis is one of the few unexplored areas of academic research. The critical PM dimensions investigated in this study can serve as a baseline for future theoretical development in the context of a specific country.

Hydrothermal integration of MoO2–MoS2@rGO nanoframe networks: A promising approach for efficient bacterial disinfection in wastewater

The efficient disinfection of bacterial contaminants in wastewater is a critical challenge in the field of environmental remediation. Herein, we present a novel approach for efficient bacterial disinfection using hydrothermally integrated MoO2–MoS2@rGO nanoframe networks. The developed nanoframe networks exhibit a unique architecture comprising of molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) impregnated on algae biomass reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The as-synthesized nanoframe networks demonstrate exceptional antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. The disinfection efficiency was evaluated by measuring the bacterial viability and observing the morphological changes using scanning electron microscopy. The MoO2–MoS2@rGO nanoframe networks exhibited a remarkable antibacterial effect, achieving a high disinfection rate of 95.8% within a short contact time of 10 min. The efficient bacterial disinfection capability of the nanoframe networks can be attributed to the synergistic effects of MoO2, MoS2, and rGO components. The MoO2 nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), persuading oxidative stress and leading to bacterial inactivation. The MoS2 nanoparticles possess inherent antibacterial properties through the release of Mo and S ions. The rGO nanosheets provide a conductive and stable platform, facilitating the charge transfer during the antibacterial process. Furthermore, the hydrothermal integration method enables easy scalability and cost-effectiveness of the MoO2–MoS2@rGO nanoframe networks. The nanoframe networks can be easily recovered and reused, reducing waste generation and promoting sustainability. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for efficient bacterial disinfection in wastewater using hydrothermally integrated MoO2–MoS2@rGO nanoframe networks. The remarkable antibacterial performance, along with the advantages of scalability and reusability, makes these nanoframe networks a potential candidate for practical applications in environmental remediation and water treatment processes.

Enhanced Two-Step Extraction from Biomass of Two Cymbopogon Species Cultivated in Santander, Colombia.

The insertion of circular economy principles into the essential oil (EO) production chain aims to reduce waste generation and make integral use of harvested plant material. Higher profits from integral use with reduced waste generation contribute to the eventual use of the EO value chain as an alternative to illicit crops in Colombia (mostly coca). In this study, Java-type citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and palmarosa (C. martinii) plant materials were used in two consecutive processes to obtain EOs and extracts. The residual biomass after EO distillation was subjected to ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic extraction to afford extracts that contained bioactive compounds. Citronella and palmarosa were distilled with typical EO yields (1.0 ± 0.1% for citronella; 0.41 ± 0.06% for palmarosa; n = 5) either through hydrodistillation assisted by microwave radiation or through steam distillation, and their composition (determined via GC/FID/MS analysis) and physicochemical parameters fell within their ISO standard specifications. The concentration of citronellal, the major compound of citronella oil, was 500 ± 152 mg/g. Geraniol, the main component of palmarosa oil, was found at 900 ± 55 mg/g. The citronella and palmarosa hydroalcoholic extracts (4-11% yield) were analyzed with UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS, which permitted the identification of 30 compounds, mainly C-glycosylated flavones and hydroxycinnamic acids. Both extracts had similar antioxidant activity values, evaluated using the ABTS+● and ORAC assays (110 ± 44 µmol Trolox®/g extract and 1300 ± 141 µmol Trolox®/g extract, respectively).

An application of cleaner production principles in a Pasta maker

This study was carried out in a large food company located in the northeast from Minas Gerais, Brazil, where Cleaner Production was applied mainly aiming at reduction of waste generation at source (level 1) during mass production. The methodology used was the case study, starting with the environmental diagnosis, which identified a company's reactive posture in relation to the environmental aspect, aimed mainly at compliance with legislation (although elements of change to a proactive posture). A gap in the Company's environmental management was also identified with regarding the requirements of the ISO 14001 model, in the implementation and certification of the ISO series 14000. The Cleaner Production program also contributes to this issue, allows the company to use its resources more efficiently, reducing and/or eliminating waste and being more responsible to society and the environment.

Citizen involvement in reducing end-of-life product waste in Mexico City

Citizen involvement initiatives are being implemented to facilitate the collection of end-of-life returns and to assist local governments in reducing waste generation and diverting waste from landfills. Three initiatives in Mexico City have been significant for many years in diverting recyclables, e-waste, and batteries from landfills: the comprehensive deposit return system (CDRE), e-waste donation and recycling (EWDR), and deposit batteries for diversion (DBD). Previous studies have generally described Mexico City's solid waste management practices and influencing factors, but they have not explored the relevance of the initiatives for waste diversion. Motivated by this, this study evaluated the impact of the citizen involvement initiatives from 2007 to 2021 using official Mexico City government data for 189 campaigns. An overview of the initiatives was presented, followed by assessing their yield by waste type and region, trend detection of waste diversion data using linear regression and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests, carbon emission reductions, and determining the challenges and future actions. The findings indicated that: (1) the annual average waste diversion potential reached up to 263.63 t, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 304.02 t CO2-eq; (2) the waste diversion has progressively grown by 65 %, with a significant upward trend; (3) recyclable electrical and electronic waste were the most abundant fraction, accounting for 63 % of the total, and packaging waste was the least; and (4) the contribution of the EWDR collection initiative in waste diversion was higher than CDRE and DBD. Finally, we noticed that despite their success, the total quantity of resources collected represents only a small portion of citywide recycling, necessitating large-scale local campaign deployments for improved waste diversion. These findings can assist waste management stakeholders in evaluating the contribution of current citizen involvement initiatives and guide them in developing better strategies for leveraging the potential of these initiatives to benefit the circular economy and sustainable waste management.

The Molecular Diversity Scope of Meldrum's Acid in Multicomponent Reactions

AbstractMulticomponent reactions (MCRs) have gained significant attention in the field of organic synthesis due to their ability to efficiently construct complex molecular structures in a single step. Among the reagents employed in MCRs, Meldrum's acid has emerged as a highly versatile and valuable starting material, offering a wide range of molecular diversity. This comprehensive review explores the molecular diversity scope of Meldrum's acid in various MCRs, focusing on its unique attributes and the greener aspects of its application. Meldrum's acid possesses several remarkable features that contribute to its suitability as a key component in MCRs. Its high acidity enables effective participation in a variety of chemical reactions, while its rigid structure provides stability and allows for precise control of the reaction pathways. Furthermore, the ability of Meldrum's acid to undergo both nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks makes it highly versatile in the construction of diverse molecular frameworks. Its low steric hindrance further enhances its reactivity, facilitating efficient bond formation. By surveying the literature from the last five years (2018–2022), we delve into the broad range of applications of Meldrum's acid in MCRs. The review encompasses the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds, highlighting the significance of Meldrum's acid in achieving molecular diversity. Moreover, particular emphasis is placed on the greener aspects of utilizing Meldrum's acid, considering the growing demand for environmentally friendly synthetic approaches. This includes exploring greener solvents, milder reaction conditions, and reduced waste generation.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF FUTURISTIC BUILDING MATERIALS

The construction industry (CI) is one of the most important sectors requiring multi-stakeholder interventions to ensure it achieves the sustainability agenda. Such intervention can be the specification and use of products and materials with the potential to accelerate the sustainability agenda of the CI. An example is futuristic building materials (FBMs) which are a set of innovative products and materials with the potential to mitigate and address the environmental impact of the CI. Hence, this study is aimed at assessing the benefits attributed to the adoption and utilization of FBMs in the South African construction industry. The quantitative research approach was adopted in this study. Data were collected from active and duly registered construction professionals. A descriptive statistical method and exploratory factor analysis were employed to analyze the collected data. Findings from the study identified sixteen benefits of FBMs in their order of importance. The findings further identified reusability and recyclability, environmental friendliness, reduced waste generation, low carbon emission, and less energy consumption as the top benefits of adopting and utilizing FBMs. The study concluded that FBMs possess significant potential in aiding the realization of the sustainability agenda of the CI. It is recommended that necessary support and investment be facilitated by all stakeholders, especially the government to ensure the proliferation and adoption of FBMs.

Plástico versus vidrio: una visión del ciclo de vida de los dos materiales controvertidos

Since the last few years, the practices of reuse and repair products to extend their useful life and reduce waste generation gained interaction. As well as strongly promoting recycling, maximizing the materials industrialization to convert waste into new resources. Therefore, two controversial materials are currently discussed (Glass and Plastic). In 2020, 385 million tons of Plastic were produced globally, compared to 143 million tons of Glass. In 2020, the per capita consumption of Glass was 32 kg yearly, compared to Plastic at 105 kg yearly. However, the manuscript aims to discuss the use of Plastic versus Glass to learn about each material, its benefits, and disadvantages to make a perspective criticism. The methodology is investigative collecting from investigation articles statistics from 2017 to 2022. The results show that the choice between Glass or Plastic depends on very particular factors, such as the specific application in which it is required and the manufacturer's or end user's preferences.
 Moreover, it is important to highlight that, compared to Plastics, Glass has fewer negative impacts on climate change since it has a lower carbon footprint. However, a comprehensive approach is required to minimize the Glass effects on climate change due to its high energy consumption, including efficient production practices. It is recommended that each country define market statistics for the recovery, recycling, and industrialization of Glass, Plastic, and other items such as cardboard, paper, and aluminum cans to promote waste recovery and prevent surrounding pollution globally.

FORMATION OF A DIGITAL CIRCULAR ECONOMY ON THE INDUSTRY 4.0 PLATFORM

This article analyzes a circular economy, its digitization features and development models. It interprets the digitalization of the circular economy in the context of green development concepts. The article shows the importance of increasing resource efficiency and stimulating the use of renewable resources in the transition process of enterprises to the green and circular economy. The importance of reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse, and production is emphasized. The international experience on the development of the digital circular economy, various scientific trends and relevant related studies are analyzed. The structure of the integration of digital technologies into the circular economy is built. The introduction of new ICT technologies into the development of circular economy, such as the Internet of Things, machine learning, deep analytics, 3D printing, blockchain, etc. are explored. The integration model of Industry 4.0 and digital circular economy is schematically developed. The main structural elements of the digital circular economy with circular Industry 4.0 are presented. The article also studies the structural elements of the circular economy, such a business models, digital transformation, lifecycle management, resource efficiency, smart services, supply chain management, etc. It explores the ways to increase the sustainability of the digital circular economy through digital transformation technologies. In this regard, relevant proposals and recommendations are made, taking into account the technological requirements and priorities for the further development of the Industry 4.0 platform elements.

Domestic Waste Management Study of Community Based in Kupang City

This research aims to find the existing waste management system and create a development model of waste technology management. Besides, this study will focus specifically on the variables that influence participatory community-based waste management technology. This study uses descriptive analysis crosstab and chi-square. The data collected using distributing questionnaires and interviews with respondents randomly. The results of this study are mostly waste generated by society and less managed well. The integration of variable dimensions of public participation can cultivate people’s willingness to reduce waste generation. Community participation can increase recycling and composting activities that waste going into a landfill can be reduced. Variable work and income results have a relationship with the waste that the people in Kupang did sorting. Simultaneously, the variables age, gender, education, type of housing, and the number of people do not have a significant relationship with waste sorting. Not all respondents addressed the garbage by the janitor, so most of them deal with their waste by burning and dispose of vacant land.

Online Waste Management System

Abstract: An online waste management system is a web-based platform designed to help manage waste collection, disposal, and recycling processes. This type of system can offer many benefits, including increased efficiency, reduced costs, and improved environmental sustainability. The system typically includes features such as scheduling waste pickups, tracking waste generation, monitoring waste disposal methods, and generating reports on waste management activities. This abstract provides an overview of online waste management systems, discussing their key features and benefits. It also explores the challenges associated with implementing such systems and suggests some best practices for achieving optimal outcomes. Overall, an online waste management system can help organizations reduce their environmental impact while improving their waste management processes.It Focuses on engaging customers and volunteers is a web-based platform designed to involve and motivate individuals to participate in waste management activities. This type of system can offer many benefits, including increased community engagement, improved recycling rates, and reduced waste generation.

Sustainable Waste Management for Clean and Safe Environments in the Recreation and Tourism Sector: A Case Study of Lithuania, Turkey and Morocco

Due to intensive tourism and increasing demand for recreational activities, people produce more waste. In this context, the aim of this research is to determine the opinions of experts working in tourism and recreation areas in Lithuania, Turkey and Morocco with respect to waste management problems. Interviews were held in Turkey, Lithuania and Morocco in order to determine the attitudes of experts about recreational activities with respect to a clean environment and sustainability. A semistructured interview form was used for interviews with forest operators and other experts. The sample group consisted of 24 experts from Turkey, Lithuania and Morocco. The prominent results of the interviews conducted in the three countries regarding waste and sustainable waste management can be listed as follows: intensive waste production caused by participants, inadequate legal regulation, insufficient recycling, damage to the environment and natural structures, inadequate control and inspections, lack of education and awareness activities, an insufficient number of personnel and insufficient infrastructure. Sustainable waste management strategies, such as reducing waste generation, improving waste collection and disposal methods, and promoting recycling and composting, can help to mitigate these negative impacts.

Sustainable Non-Conventional Concrete 3D Printing—A Review

In this review article, system materials for concrete 2D printing have been discussed, along with the various other aspects that are connected to sustainable construction. The article consists of an introduction giving the background of manufacturing that started almost two decades ago, including the non-conventional methods of building structures. It has been seen that there are various stainable materials in the field of 3D printing in construction, as the conversion of construction to 3D printing reduces waste generation. Further in this article, the cost comparison between conventional and non-conventional construction methods has been discussed, including the effectiveness of 3D printing; 3D printing is very effective in the sense that it requires the precise use of machinery and construction material. Full-scale 3D printing has also been seen in the building sector, but only to some extent. Some of the components of bridges, and even some of small bridges, have been constructed using 3D printing and ultra-high-performance concrete. Since there are various advantages to 3D building, there are also various disadvantages to 3D printing, such as how much it costs and finding the materials that are suitable for 3D printing, which might increase the cost. Polymers have also been used in 3D printing construction since polymers have a very long lifespan, and polymers may increase the strength of the final product by reinforcing the aggregate. Additionally, this technology gives us the opportunity to use various materials together for construction, such as recycled aggregates and geopolymers, along with concrete and cement, which might pose some challenges but are being used nowadays. A major concern with this technology is its impact on the labor market. Since in traditional construction huge amounts of man hours are required, concerns have been raised about the inclusion of this technology, as this might affect employment. Since most of the work will be done by machines, the need for labor will reduce. These are some of the issues that need attention. Finally, this article discusses the novelty and future scope of 3D printing in the construction sector, and concludes by outlining the scope of potential developments for 3D printing concrete by taking into account sustainability.

Environmental sustainability: A machine learning approach for cost analysis in plastic recycling classification

Recycling plastics can reduce waste generation and improve waste management, but the recycling industry needs both cost reduction and increased revenue to be economically viable. Recently, recycling plastic classification techniques with Artificial Intelligence have gained popularity, as they can avoid manual sorting, which is time-consuming and economically less profitable than automatidc processing. In this paper, we provide an economic framework for quality sorting control by classifying plastics based on the infrared spectrum of polymers and machine learning algorithms. In addition, the suggested framework offers a method for selecting the algorithm according to the polymer's income class and the highest economic advantages. Furthermore, our experiments probe that Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopies combined with machine learning algorithms are suitable for plastic classification as four datasets and seven machine learning algorithms have been tested to classify Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Nature-inspired Enzyme engineering and sustainable catalysis: biochemical clues from the world of plants and extremophiles.

The use of enzymes to accelerate chemical reactions for the synthesis of industrially important products is rapidly gaining popularity. Biocatalysis is an environment-friendly approach as it not only uses non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable raw materials but also helps to reduce waste generation. In this context, enzymes from organisms living in extreme conditions (extremozymes) have been studied extensively and used in industries (food and pharmaceutical), agriculture, and molecular biology, as they are adapted to catalyze reactions withstanding harsh environmental conditions. Enzyme engineering plays a key role in integrating the structure-function insights from reference enzymes and their utilization for developing improvised catalysts. It helps to transform the enzymes to enhance their activity, stability, substrates-specificity, and substrate-versatility by suitably modifying enzyme structure, thereby creating new variants of the enzyme with improved physical and chemical properties. Here, we have illustrated the relatively less-tapped potentials of plant enzymes in general and their sub-class of extremozymes for industrial applications. Plants are exposed to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses due to their sessile nature, for which they have developed various mechanisms, including the production of stress-response enzymes. While extremozymes from microorganisms have been extensively studied, there are clear indications that plants and algae also produce extremophilic enzymes as their survival strategy, which may find industrial applications. Typical plant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, papain, carbonic anhydrase, glycoside hydrolases and others have been examined in this review with respect to their stress-tolerant features and further improvement via enzyme engineering. Some rare instances of plant-derived enzymes that point to greater exploration for industrial use have also been presented here. The overall implication is to utilize biochemical clues from the plant-based enzymes for robust, efficient, and substrate/reaction conditions-versatile scaffolds or reference leads for enzyme engineering.

THE EFFECT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SPATIAL ORGANIZATION IN PALAKALI CREATIVE ART SPACE

Garbage is produced from various types of human activities and is one of the environmental problems that have an impact not only on the environment but also on human health, such as environmental pollution, death of animals or plants, and the emergence of diseases caused by vectors. One of the efforts to reduce is by sorting waste based on its type so that it is easier to determine the next processing method and implementing 3R (reuse, reduce, and recycle) to prevent and reduce waste generation. Palakali Creative Art Space already has trash cans based on type (organic, non-organic and Hazardous Toxic/B3), but the practice of sorting waste according to these criteria has not been carried out.