With the rapid economic development in China, the transportation sector has become a sector of high energy consumption and high CO\(_{2}\) emission. In order to effectively reduce energy consumption and CO\(_{2}\) emission, it is particularly important to reach the best performance standards in China’s transportation sector. In this study, data envelopment analysis is used to evaluate the total factor energy and environmental efficiency of 30 of China’s regional transportation sectors with the ultimate goal of saving energy and protecting the environment. The total factor energy and environmental efficiency is considered using a joint reduction of both energy inputs and undesirable outputs. Our empirical study shows that most of the provincial-level regions in China do not have eco-efficient transportation industries. The energy and environmental efficiency scores in most regions are lower than 0.5, which means that most of them perform poorly in saving energy and protecting environment. In addition, our study shows that the eastern and northwestern areas of China generally performed significantly better than the other areas of China. Therefore, more measures should be taken to balance and coordinate the development between the six large areas.