Reduce Blood Sugar Research Articles

Mechanism of Kuntai Capsules in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome rat models based on AGE-RAGE signal pathway

This study aims to investigate the impact of Kuntai Capsules(KTC) on polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) rat models and explore the underlying mechanism. Fifty female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(10 rats in each group), including control group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose KTC group. Except for the control group, the other groups were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) combined with a high-fat diet(HFD) to induce the PCOS rat model for 28 days. 0.315, 0.63, and 1.26 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) KTC was dissolved in the same amount of normal saline and given to low-, medium-, and high-dose KTC groups by gavage. Both control group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline for 15 days. After administration, fasting blood glucose(FBG) was measured by a glucose meter. Fasting insulin(FINS), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and LH/FSH ratio and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pathological morphology of ovarian tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The expression levels of collagen α type Ⅲ 1 chain(COL3A1), apoptotic factors Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected using Western blot and immunofluorescence. The mRNA expressions of COL3A1, Bax, and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were performed by real-time PCR(RT-PCR). The results show that compared with the control group, the body weight, serum levels of FBG, FINS, LH, T, LH/FSH, and HOMA-IR are higher in model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of FSH is lower(P<0.05). In model group, a large number of white blood cells are found in the vaginal exfoliated cells, mainly in the interictal phase. There are more cystic prominences on the surface of the ovary. The thickness of the granular cell layer is reduced, and oocytes are absent. COL3A1 and Bax protein expression levels are increased(P<0.01), while Bcl-2 protein expression levels are decreased(P<0.05) in the ovarian tissue COL3A1 and Bax mRNA expression levels are increased in ovarian tissue(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the body weight, FBG, FINS, LH, T, LH/FSH, and HOMA-IR in low-, medium-, and high-dose KTC groups are decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the levels of FSH in medium-, and high-dose KTC groups are increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Low-, medium-, and high-dose KTC groups gradually show a stable interictal phase. The surface of the ovary is smooth. Oocytes and mature follicles can be seen in ovarian tissue, and the thickness of the granular cell layer is increased. The expression level of COL3A1 protein decreases in low-and medium-dose KTC groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and that of Bax protein decreases in low-dose KTC group(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression level of Bcl-2 protein increases in low-dose KTC group(P<0.01). The expression levels of COL3A1 and Bax mRNA decreased in the low-dose KTC group(P<0.05), while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA increased(P<0.05). In summary, KTC can inhibit ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and reduce follicular atresia by regulating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. It can promote insulin secretion, reduce blood sugar and body weight, restore serum hormone levels, improve symptoms of PCOS, alleviate morphological damage of the ovary, and restore ovarian function, which is of great value in the treatment of PCOS.

AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI EKSTRAK LABU KUNING DAN BROTOWALI SECARA IN VIVO

Cucurbita Moschata are rich in polyphenolic antioxidants such as flavonoids which can be used to lower blood sugar levels. Cucurbita Moschata can be formulated into biscuits. The aim is to determine the activity of cucurbita moschata and tinospora crispa extracts on reducing blood sugar in mice (Mus muculus). The research aims to create a Cucurbita Moschata biscuit formula that contains high levels of resistant starch and beta carotene but has the lowest impact on increasing blood sugar levels. This research method is experimental by making an antidiabetic formulation in mice. Mice were divided into normal groups, K groups (CMC NA 1%), groups with varying doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, and positive groups (glibenclamide 0.65 mg/kg). Using the two way anova analysis method. The results showed the effect of reducing blood sugar levels in mice at doses of 100mg/kg (17.3%), 300mg/kg (29.3%), 600 mg/kg (35.2%) and the positive group (44.3%). The 600mg/kg group (35.2%) provided the highest reduction in blood sugar levels, which was close to positive (44.3%) compared to doses of 100mg/kg (17.3%), 300 mg/kg (29.3%). The conclusion of this study is that anti-diabetes biscuits, a combination cucurbita moschata and tinospora crispa , have antihyperglycemic activity in vivo.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia Steen.) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES PADA MENCIT (Mus muculus. L)

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease with lifelong treatment, while antidiabetic drugs consumed can cause side effects in the long term, so it requires alternative therapies with traditional medicinal plants such as the binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steen.) which contains flavonoids and saponins. These compounds have the ability to lower blood sugar levels. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic effect of the ethanol extract of binahong leaves on alloxan-induced swiss male males. This type of research was experimental with the method of pre and post test with controlled group design, using 15 male swiss strains which were divided into 3 groups. Negative control (CMC Na 0.5%), positive control (Glibenclamide dose 0.65 mg/KgBB), and the treatment group ethanol extract of binahong leaves dose 17.5 mg/KgBB. Data on blood sugar levels obtained were analyzed using SPSS 23 with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of binahong leaves at a dose of 17.5 mg/kg could reduce blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced swiss male mice. Data on decreasing blood sugar levels obtained were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, followed by LSD. The test results showed that the decrease in blood sugar levels in mice given the ethanol extract of binahong leaves at a dose of 17.5 mg/KgBW was not significantly different from that given by glibenclamide at a dose of 0.65 mg/KgBW (sig > 0.05).

Effects of Abelmoschus Esculentus Infused Water on Blood Glucose Levels of Rattus Norvegicus in Hyperglycemia Conditions

Efforts to find alternative medicines or herbal-based interventions for diabetes sufferers are very necessary. The aimed of this study was to find out whether the use of okra fruit infusion (Abelmoschus esculentus) with different administration frequencies can reduce the blood sugar levels of hyperglycemic white rats (Rattus norvegicus), and to find out what frequency of giving okra fruit infusion can reduce blood sugar levels. white rat (Rattus norvegicus) tallest. This type of research is true experimental, consisting of 5 treatment groups, (P0-, P0+, P1, P2, and P3), namely negative control, positive control, giving 6 ml of okra fruit infusion water/day given once, giving infused water 6 ml of okra fruit/day was given 2 times a day and 6 ml of okra fruit infusion water was given 3 times a day. Each group consists of 5 repetitions. The research was carried out at the Chemistry Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University of Malang. The data collection method was by measuring the blood glucose levels of white mice that had been treated, then analyzing them using SPSS. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the frequency of administration of okra fruit infusion on reducing blood sugar levels in white rats (hyperglycemia. Treatment P3 is a group of hyperglycemic rats that were given okra fruit infusion water at a dose of 6 ml/head/day, given once a day in the morning and P2, namely the group of hyperglycemic mice that were given okra fruit-infused water at a dose of 6 ml/head/day, given 2x a day in the morning and evening, is the best treatment because it has the same notation as P0 (negative control) or the group of mice that not given water infused with okra fruit and not given alloxan. Giving an infusion of okra fruit at a dose of 6 ml/head given once in the morning or twice (morning and evening) has an effect on reducing the blood sugar levels of hyperglycemic white mice. Okra can be consumed fresh, processed by boiling, or frying, dry, but not made into flour.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF MORINGA LEAF DECOCTION TO DECREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND HBA1C VALUES OF DIABETICS TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS AT KARANG PANJANG AMBON HEALTH CENTER

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and is still become one of the causes of death. One way of managing T2DM is mostly by controlling blood sugar, HbA1c levels, developing a healthy diet and herbal alternative therapies. One intervention that does not require expensive costs can be done to improve treatment outcomes in patients with T2DM by controlling blood glucose levels and HbA1c is through moringa leaf decoction therapy. Moringa oleifera (Moringa oleifera) contains and benefits from moringa leaves which have high nutritional value, are rich in minerals, vitamins, and other important phytochemicals. Extracts from the leaves are used to treat malnutrition, as a potential antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial agents. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic effect of moringa leaf decoction to decrease blood sugar and HbA1C levels of Type II diabetes mellitus patients in Karang Panjang Ambon Health Center. Sampling technique using consecutive sampling in one intervention group. The study was conducted for seven days with the number of subjects involved in this study as many as 27 people who were measured blood sugar levels and HbA1C before and after treatment. This study is a type of quantitative research using pre-experimental approach one group pre-post design. The results of the study obtained the value of SIG 0.000 < 0.050 this states that there is a significant effect of moringa leaf decoction therapy to reduce blood sugar levels and HbA1c values in patients DM Type II Keywords: moringa leaves, diabetes mellitus Type II, blood sugar, HbA1c

Hepatoprotective Effects of Balinese Grape Extract (Vitis vinifera L.) on Hepar Histology and Reducing Blood Sugar Levels

This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective activity of grape skin extract (Vitis vinifera L.) (BGE) on hepatic histology and blood sugar level reduction. This study was conducted in four stages: extraction of grape skin using 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening, antihyperglycemic activity test and hepatoprotective activity test. The experimental animals were divided into five groups consisting of negative control (Na CMC 0.5%), positive control (Curcuma), TI (100 mg BGE/kg BW), TII (300 mg BGE/kg BW), TIII (500 mg BGE/kg BW). Phytochemical screening showed that BGE positively contains terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and carotenoids. The results of antioxidant analysis on BGE showed an IC50 value of 80.77 ppm, which included intense antioxidant activity. BGE and negative control can provide hepatoprotector effects on hepatic cells from hepatocyte cell damage due to paracetamol and can reduce blood sugar levels.

Lung molecular and histological changes in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by high-intensity interval training

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to serious respiratory problems. This study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced lung injuries at histopathological and molecular levels.MethodsForty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control (CTL), Diabetes (Db), exercise (Ex), and Diabetes + exercise (Db + Ex) groups. T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Rats in Ex and Db + Ex performed HIIT for eight weeks. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), BAX, Bcl2, Lecithin, Sphingomyelin (SPM) and Surfactant protein D (SPD) levels were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung histopathological alterations were assessed by using H&E and trichrome mason staining.ResultsDiabetes was significantly associated with imbalance in pro/anti-inflammatory, pro/anti-apoptosis and redox systems, and reduced the SPD, lecithin sphingomyelin and alveolar number. Performing HIIT by diabetic animals increased Bcl2 (P < 0.05) and IL10 (P < 0.01) levels as well as surfactants components and TAC (P < 0.05) but decreased fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001), TNFα (P < 0.05), BAX (P < 0.05) and BAX/Bcl2 (P < 0.001) levels as well as MDA (P < 0.01) and MDA/TAC (P < 0.01) compared to the diabetic group. Furthermore, lung injury and fibrosis scores were increased by T2D and recovered in presence of HIIT.ConclusionThese findings suggested that the attenuating effect of HIIT on diabetic lung injury mediated by reducing blood sugar, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as well as improving pulmonary surfactants components.Graphical Type 2 diabetes increased inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and reduced pulmonary surfactants , while high intensity training improved these negative effects

GUAR GUM IN THERAPEUTICS: A SUCCINCT EXPLORATION

Guar gum, extracted from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, has gained prominence for its unique properties, forming a thick gel in water and releasing fatty acids through fermentation. Originating in Pakistan and India, it found industrial significance in the US during the 1940s. The galactomannan in guar's endosperm, a polysaccharide of d-mannose and d-galactose, imparts rapid solubility, pH stability, and biodegradability. Beyond its industrial applications, guar gum exhibits a myriad of health benefits. Delving into the botanical symphony of guar seeds reveals a poetic composition, and enzymatic exploration unravels the whimsical ballet of galactose side groups. Guar gum transcends its botanical origins to become a dietary sage, influencing serum cholesterol levels and aiding in weight management. Its journey through the digestive system orchestrates nuanced reductions in blood glucose and insulin, showcasing its potential for diabetes assistance.The manufacturing process involves splitting, hydration, and various treatments, resulting in guar gum's characteristics as a thickening agent with tasteless and odorless properties. Stability studies affirm its consistent performance over time, and its safety for target species, consumers, and the environment is established. Exploring guar gum's therapeutic applications reveals its potential in wound healing, inflammatory bowel disease treatment, and as a preventive measure against ulcers. Its role as a dietary fiber extends to managing irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, promoting weight loss, and aiding in regular bowel movements. The article recommends a daily intake of 28g for adult women and 36g for men, achievable through the consumption of guar gum. Clinical studies demonstrate its positive impact on duodenal ulcers, providing relief, increasing satiety, and preventing symptoms. With its multifaceted applications, guar gum emerges as a fascinating substance intertwining chemistry, medicine, and industry.

Effect of Cynara scolymus L. on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-regression

Background Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) has the potential to treat diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. However, the evidence from previous studies is not consistent. Objectives This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of products derived from artichokes on blood glucose, lipid level, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters. Methodology The literature was reviewed via international databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). A total of 21 RCTs with high quality, assessed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, were included. Results Artichoke was linked to a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: −3.76 mg/dL: 95%CI −7.31, −0.22), insulin level (WMD: −1.35 mIU/L: 95%CI −2.29, −0.41), and HOMA-IR (WMD: −1.00: 95%CI −1.95, −0.06). Similar results were observed for LDL-c (WMD: −12.94 mg/dL: 95%CI −18.02, −7.87), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: −19.64 mg/dL: 95%CI −23.94, −15.35), and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: −13.36 mg/dL: 95%CI −19.06, −7.66). Moreover, participants who administered artichoke experienced a significant reduction in SBP (WMD: −1.59 mmHg: 95%CI −3.02, −0.16), body weight (BW) (WMD: −1.17 kg: 95%CI −1.75, −0.60), and BMI (WMD: −0.30 kg/m2: 95%CI −3.02, −0.16). Conclusion Artichoke may improve blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters. A large, well-designed RCT and head-to-head comparison using a standardized preparation of artichoke will provide definitive data on specific participants.

Effect of Brassica rapa L. Extract on Glucose Levels

Global diabetes cases continue to increase, in Indonesia, there were 19.5 million people with diabetes in 2019. Patients with diabetes typically use anti-diabetic medications. However, there are still adverse effects from anti-diabetic medications that lead to different issues. As a result, new treatments using natural plant compounds—among which is the Brassica rapa L. plant—are required. This research aims to determine the effect of Brassica rapa L. extract on blood glucose levels in mice induced by alloxan. The method used was Pretest-Posttest with Control Group. This research used 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control, positive control, treatment doses of 50%, 70% and 100%. Blood sugar levels were checked using a glucometer on days 3, 6 and 9. The data obtained was processed using SPSS with non-parametric tests, namely Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The results of the study showed that there was an effect in reducing blood sugar levels, but no significant dose was found to reduce blood sugar levels. Based on this study it was concluded that Brassica rapa L. extract can be used to reduce blood glucose levels.

Snack Bars as a Functional Snack Option for Individuals with Diabetes: A Review

Snack bars can be a great example of functional foods, which are foods that provide health benefits beyond basicnutrition. By adding other functional ingredients such as nuts, seeds, fruits, and spices, snack bars can offer evenmore health benefits. For example, nuts and seeds are rich in healthy fats and can help lower cholesterol levels,while fruits and berries are high in antioxidants and can help boost the immune system. Spices like cinnamon andginger have anti-inflammatory properties and can help improve digestion.Moreover, snack bars can be a convenient and portable way to get the nutrition and energy needed throughoutthe day. They can be a great option for busy individuals who need a quick and easy snack on the go or for athleteswho need sustained energy during exercise.The demand of functional food increasing day by day as the threat of non-communicable diseases increasing suchas diabetes, CVD and obesity. From the ancient time the use of medicinal food such as seeds of chia, millets andmultigrain has been seen to get different health benefits. Currently seeds are widely used for numerous healthbenefits. Seeds are well known for there high content of PUFA mainly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and fiber.These seeds are also rich source of polyphenols which further helps in protecting the body from free radicals.Furthermore, seeds are rich source of the fiber which helps in reducing cholesterol level, regulate bowel movementand reduce inflammation in the body. Demand for practical and convenient food increasing day by day due tobusy lifestyle. Food items that are convenient and can improve health are needed in today’s time. The seedsincorporated snack bar can be a convenient and practical food product with complete nutritional components.There are Some ingredients which can be used as the raw material to prepare an anti-diabetic snack bar. On thebasis of existing research, seed and modified cassava flour (MOCAF) can reduce blood sugar levels and that canreduce the risk of diabetes too.

Oat as a Source of Resistant Starch: A Review

Oats are recently gaining attention for their composition and various benefits and it is widely used for various purposes including in the food industry and human health. Oats are composed of mainly starch made of amylose and amylopectin with several distinctive chemical, physical, and structural properties. The difference in amylose and amylopectin ratio directly affects the properties of starch, including gelatinization, textural, pasting, functional, rheological, and retrogradation. The characteristics of oat starch also affect its interaction with other food components which substantially affect the food products. In addition, the oat starch is also high in resistant starch content which improves human health (e.g. prevention of colon cancer, cholesterol, and reducing blood sugar). This review summarizes the oat starch as a resistant starch with various chemical compositions and characteristics with various applications.

Research progress in the treatment of an immune system disease-type 1 diabetes-by regulating the intestinal flora with Chinese medicine and food homologous drugs.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific autoimmune disease related to genetic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies have found that the intestinal flora is one of the important environmental factors in the development of T1D. The gut microbiota is the largest microbiota in the human body and has a significant impact on material and energy metabolism. Related studies have found that the intestinal floras of T1D patients are unbalanced. Compared with normal patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and various pathogenic bacteria are significantly increased, affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes. Medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a multicomponent, multitarget, and biphasic regulatory effect. Its chemical composition can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, reduce blood sugar, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating T1D by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. Therefore, based on a review of T1D, intestinal flora, and TCM derived from medicine and food, this review describes the relationship between T1D and the intestinal flora, as well as the research progress of TCM interventions for T1D through regulation of the intestinal flora. Medicine and food homologous TCM has certain advantages in treating diabetes and regulating the intestinal flora. It can be seen that there is still great research space and broad development prospects for the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora with drug and food homologous TCM.

Comparative safety and study of Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from thin foils of gold and residue with Guduchi Ghana (aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers.) in management of Madhumeha (type 2 diabetes): A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial

Abstract Background: Diabetes turns out to be an intense worldwide public health problem. Makaradhwaja is in practice for the treatment of Madhumeha (diabetes mellitus) due to its Pramehaghna (antidiabetic) and Rasayana (immunomodulatory and rejuvenating) properties with the number of preclinical and clinical trials in diabetes. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from (Varkha) thin foils of gold (SM-V) and Shadguna Makaradhwaja prepared from Apakwa Talastha Swarna Bhasma (residue of gold remained at the bottom of glass bottle during Kupipakwa) (SM-R) with Guduchi Ghana (GG) (aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers) in type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 82 patients of type 2 diabetes were treated with SM-V with GG (250 mg) and SM-R with GG (250 mg) twice daily before food with honey for 28 days. The assessment of changes observed in hemogram, blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatic, renal profile, and clinical symptoms was carried out. Results: After 28 days of medication, fasting blood glucose level decreased significantly in SM-R, whereas postprandial blood glucose level significantly decreased in SM-V treated group. A significant improvement in subjective parameters and reduction in blood and urine sugar was noted with baseline. Hemogram and hepatic and renal function profiles (safety parameters) in both groups were not significantly different from the baseline. No adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusion: SM-V, along with GG, is more effective in comparison with SM-R, thereby improving the quality of life of patients along with significant glycemic control and free from any untoward effect. Makaradhwaja can be used as an effective drug for diabetes.

A REVIEW ON ROLE OF MILLETS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) disease incidence is growing with every passing day. It is a lifestyle-associated disease and may be prevented and managed with modifications in the food regimen together with prescribedmedications.In addition to staple foods such as wheat and rice that people have eaten for years, millet remains a nutritious and beneficial yet underutilized crop despite its various health benefits.. This review aims to give an overview of role of millets in prevention and management of diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Ayurvedic Samhitas, Modern literature, Journals, Review articles, Pubmed, Google scholar. Result: The fiber content and high antioxidant content in millet gradually reduce blood glucose in diabetics. Most importantly, grains are the main source of complex carbohydrates, which make you feel full, leading to reduce blood sugar level. In addition, millets has a low glycemic load, this means they are absorbed intothe bloodstream with less insulin requirement. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that the studied millets have great potential in dietary management and diabetes prevention. This also has nutritional implications and propagates the beneficial effects of millet on glycemic control.

Bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium increased expression of GLUT-4 in pancreas of diabetic rats induced by nicotinamide-streptozotocin.

Diabetes is a degenerative disease associated with metabolic disorders. The majority of people have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) insulin resistance due to an unhealthy lifestyle. The development of DM treatment is also growing, one of which is using conditioned medium. This study aims to determine the effect of Bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BUMSC-CM) on nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats as an animal model of DM. The study began with the in vitro docking of Cholecalciferol with aldolase reductase and glucokinase. In the in vivo study, animal models were divided into five groups: group A (negative control), group B (diabetic rats), group C (NA+STZ+Metformin), group D (NA+STZ+ BUMSC-CM 0.2 ml/kg BW), and group E (NA+STZ+ BUMSC-CM 0.5 ml/kg BW). Blood sugar levels were checked, and BUMSC-CM was administered by intramuscular injection at four-day intervals for a duration of 16 days. Blood sugar levels were also sampled, and GLUT4 histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was performed. The results showed that Cholecalciferol can bind to aldolase reductase ASP43 and TYR48 and bind to glucokinase at TYR214 with hydrogen bonds. BUMSC-CM administration was able to reduce blood sugar well. In addition, BUMSC-CM also helped repair the tissue structure of the pancreas damaged by inflammation from STZ administration. This study can be concluded that the administration of BUMSC-CM can be an alternative cell-free therapy for patients with DM.

A comparative study: Probiotics number in fermented bitter melon (Momordica charantia) juice decreased blood sugar and lipid profiles

ABSTRACT Purposes - Momordica charantia (MC) contains triterpenes, proteins, and steroids with anti-diabetic and antioxidative properties. Developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in prediabetes can be reduced by probiotics consumption. The pathogenesis and progression of diabetes are induced by oxidative stress and followed by elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels. This study aimed to evaluate blood sugar levels and lipid profiles before and after treatment. Experimental procedure - A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) and 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide. Following three days of induction, the rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered 10 ml/kg BW extract for 28 days. DM-MC was treated with MC extract. DM-FMC1 and DM-FMC2 were treated with fermented MC containing 3.7x107 CFU/ml and 3.7x1014 CFU/ml probiotics, respectively. DM-Ctrl was given distilled water. Blood glucose and lipid profile measurements were taken before and after treatment. The data was analyzed using a paired t-test, ANOVA and Tukey HSD for post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Findings – The groups treated with FMC2 significantly showed a decreased blood sugar level compared to MC and FMC1 (p&lt;0.001), 89.4+3.94, 164.3+2.26, and 109.1+2.07, respectively. Lipid profiles showed the same pattern (p&lt;0.001). Fermented MC substantially decreases blood glucose and lipid profile compared to the MC group (p&lt;0.001). Originality/value - In type 2 diabetes, reducing blood sugar levels and improving lipid profiles are significantly impacted by the presence and number of probiotics.

Hypoglycemic Assessment of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera on Diabetic Wistar Rats.

Background: Moringa oleifera leaf is used for diabetes due to its pharmacologic effects. Patients with hyperglycemia experience beta cell destruction. However, no research on risk awareness has been done to ascertain its safety. The present study describes the antidiabetic effect of Moringa oleifera leaf, such as the protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, before addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. Methods: Forty-five Wistar rats weighed 160 ± 10 g were divided into nine groups. All animal operations complied with the National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals as approved by the Animal Ethical Committee, University of Jos. Group I was normal control and Group II was diabetic animals induced with alloxan. Insulin and extract doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were given to diabetic Groups III-VI. Normal animals in Groups VII-IX were given extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 28 days. Tissues were retrieved for biochemical and histological investigations using standard techniques. Results: There was decrease relative body weight of diabetic animals (95.50 ± 5.50) when compared to normal control (142.75 ± 20.08) with increased levels of urea (control 6.13 ± 0.523 and diabetes 29.23 ± 1.267) and creatinine (control 0.70 ± 0.057 and diabetes 2.13 ± 0.185). Histology of the liver and pancreas also points to organ damage due to hyperglycemia. However, oral administration of extract showed antidiabetic effect with protection of pancreatic beta cells and the induction of glycogen synthesis, no glycogen was deposited in the liver, addressing the secondary effects of diabetes, such as hepatic and renal toxicity. Further discovery revealed that extract elevated antioxidant enzyme expression. Conclusion: Leaf extract from Moringa oleifera reduces blood sugar and lessens the damage caused by hyperglycemia in the pancreas and liver.

Physiological effects of manganese nanoparticles on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Rats

This study was conducted on the creation of the nanopolitan manganese particles and the study of the physiological effect of the nanopolitan magnes.The results or indicators of blood sugar showed the confirmation of low levels of sugar in the group of diabetes treatment by giving oral throughout the experiment period (28 days. In addition to the high percentage of insulin in the affected group and the treatment of Mn-NPs compared to the affected (positive) control group during the study period. The current study aimed to achieve preventive effects against diabetes. It turned out that eating the nanoparticles and within the permissible concentration 2 mg /kg per day reduces blood sugar and contributes to losing weight, as its consumption is related to a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes and reduces the level Blood Glucose in Adult Male Rats.

Systematic review of the effect of &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; in glycaemic control

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia accounts for 1.6 million deaths per year globally. In Sri Lanka, 7.4% of adults are with raised fasting blood glucose. Phyllanthus emblica, some fruit, which is also called by Nelli, Amla or Indian Gooseberry, is traditionally believed to facilitate control of hyperglycaemia.Objectives: To systematically review the glycaemic control effect of Phyllanthus emblica.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and AGRICOLA databases were searched to select relevant studies. Studies were selected in two rounds. Three screening questions consisted of; whether study was a human study with Phyllanthus emblica included as a fruit or an ingredient, outcomes were related to glycaemic control and outcomes being reported quantitatively. Following the review of titles and abstracts, full articles were reviewed with screening questions such as, study design, participants, intervention, and findings of outcome. Two reviewers independently screened articles with the third intervening in resolving the conflicts. Meta-analysis was not performed following the heterogeneity assessments and narrative review of the findings was done.Results: Eighteen studies were selected, having respectively excluding 81, 106 and 22 studies with reference to three screening questions. Six studies were done among healthy individuals and 12 were done among patients with diabetes. The studies were conducted among the age group of 18-75 years. Sample sizes of studies ranged from 10 to 150 participants, with 951 participants in total. In three studies, Phyllanthus emblica was used as a single entity and in 15, it was one component of a combined product. Fifteen selected studies described the mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and 13 of them showed statistically what Phyllanthus emblica or products containing it had on glycaemic control, compared to control group (p&lt;0.001). Out of those 13 studies with significant findings on glycaemic control, 10 studies were done among hyperglycaemic patients. In eight studies, a significant reduction in HbA1c results (p &lt;0.05) was observed and nine studies showed a significant reduction in post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels (p&lt;0.05). None of the selected studies showed any negative impact of Phyllanthus emblica on blood glucose levels among either healthy or diabetics individuals.Conclusions &amp; Recommendations: Phyllanthus emblica is found to be with favourable effects in facilitating blood sugar control. Further research on the potential application of it as a glycaemic controller, must be encouraged.