Reduction In Acreage Research Articles

Beet sugar enterprises in Kazakhstan: balanced management, reserves

The goal is to analyze production indicators of sugar beets and sugar for 1990-2023, to recommend measures to increase volume of sugar industry products. Methods - statistical, on the basis of which primary data on production of beet raw materials and sugar, its consumption per capita, export and import, and foreign trade turnover are collected. Results - the authors note that development of beet-sugar subcomplex is accompanied by stable decrease in quantity of this product, resulting in reduction in acreage and decrease in yield. The deterioration of parameters is due to high cost and low profitability of crop produced, outdated technical base, the use of lowquality seeds, problems with irrigation, and insufficient capacity of sugar factories. The current situation has a direct impact on the demand for sugar, which is met through imports and raw sugar obtained from processing. State measures aimed to increase sugar from domestic raw materials, set out in the Comprehensive Plan for the Development of Sugar Industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2022-2026, were considered, in the framework of which it is provided to ensure the enterprises with unused agricultural land suitable for cultivating sugar beets within a radius of 150 kilometers to ensure their own raw materials taking into account the requests of the processors. Conclusions - the implementation of the set tasks will reduce sugar import dependence and saturate the domestic market with own products. At the same time, logistics issues, reducing cost of transporting finished products, and financing construction of railways need to be worked out.

The State of Texas Wetlands: A Review of Current and Future Challenges

With roughly 3.9 million acres of wetlands, 2.3% of its total land area, Texas has the fifth largest wetland acreage in the United States. As of 1990, there was an estimated 52% reduction in the state's original wetland acreage, but there has been no recent assessment of statewide wetland loss or gain since then. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services, including wildlife habitat, flood storage and control, aquifer recharge, water quality improvement, and pollutant breakdown and storage of greenhouse gasses as well as human recreational opportunities including boating, paddling, fishing, hunting, birdwatching, hiking, and nature photography. Texas wetlands face intensifying challenges in the coming decades. Regulatory and legislative action should be forward-facing, anticipating effects of climate change, sea level rise, and urban expansion. Incorporating new technologies will allow for more timely and cost-efficient large-scale monitoring of wetland loss and gain. The residents of Texas are largely in support of active management of the state’s water resources; academic institutions, state and federal agencies, and conservation-minded private entities should work together to ensure the wetlands of Texas persist for wildlife and the generations to come.

Обеспечение устойчивого развития хозяйств населения для интеграции в продуктовые подкомплексы АПК

The article reveals the results of research on the farms of the population of Russia for 2016-2022. Based on the analysis of the number of private farms, agricultural production indices, the dynamics of acreage, gross yields and yields of major food crops (potatoes, vegetables) and livestock products (production and sale of livestock and poultry, milk and eggs), the share of household production in the structure of agricultural production in the agro-industrial complex is determined, which indicates the importance of households of the population in improving the socio-economic situation in rural areas and ensuring food security. The trends of instability of households of the population due to a weak material and technical base are revealed, which leads to a reduction in acreage, gross potato and vegetable harvests, and a decrease in the production of livestock products. 
 The proposals for achieving sustainable development of households on the basis of state support and integration with economic entities of food subcomplexes of the agro-industrial complex, which will ensure an increase in the efficiency of production of agricultural products and access to sales markets, are substantiated.

Анализ эффективности отрасли растениеводства и уровня механизации сельского хозяйства Амурской области

On the territory of the Amur region, many agricultural producers from among various agricultural organizations, farms and individual entrepreneurs, and households of the population are registered and operate. The most suitable for agriculture in the region are the territories of the Southern Agricultural Zone, where the soil is extremely diverse and fertile. At the same time, in the period 2019-2021. a significant reduction in acreage has been established, which is mainly due to changes in climatic conditions in the region, the condition and production load of the machine and tractor fleet. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the crop industry and the level of mechanization of agriculture in the Amur region, suggests the most important directions in the development of agriculture in the region, which will increase the production of cereals and legumes, as well as expand the possibilities of interregional cooperation. Keywords: ACREAGE, CROP PRODUCTION, LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, COOPERATION, EFFICIENCY

Recent trends in crop breeding, the varietal induction in seed chain and its impact on food grain production in India

Food grains in India achieved an all-time high production (310.74 mt) during 2020-21. Varietal and seed replacement rates played an important role in achieving this milestone. A total of 1646 varieties of food crops comprising 1273 of cereals and 373 of pulses were released from 2011 to 2022. Of these 977 varieties consisting of cereals (667) and pulses (310) have been inducted into the seed chain during 2020-21. New breeding technonologies such as bio-fortification of food crops and marker-assisted breeding were applied to improve crop varieties with respect to specific desirable traits. A total of 65 bio-fortified varieties comprising rice (8), wheat (28), maize (14), pearl millet (9), finger millet (3), little millet (1) and lentil (2) have been released with improved levels of proteins, essential amino acids (lysine, tryptophan), vitamins (pro-vitamin A) and micro/macro-nutrients (zinc, iron, calcium). Marker-assisted breeding adopting foreground and background selections with targeted gene(s) utilizing molecular markers such as RFLPs, SSRs, CAPs, STS and INDEL resulted in to the development and release of 66 cultivars comprising rice (43), wheat (5), maize (10), pearl millet (2) and chickpea (6) with one/and or combination of traits such as tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses, herbicide tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, earliness, nutritional and other quality traits. These non-genetically modified crop varieties are expected to play vital role in achieving food and nutrition security in India. The paper also provides insight in to the maintenance breeding of food crops. The analysis of seed requirement and availability during 2010-11 to 2020-21 revealed that seed requirements for cereals and pulses have increased consistently by 31.6% and 62.3%, from 186.8 to 245.8 lakh q and 22.3 to 36.2 lakh q, respectively. The production of rice, wheat, maize, pearl millet and pulses during 2020-21 increased over that of 2010-11 by 27.4%, 26.0%, 45.2%, 4.4% and 41.3%, respectively. The productivity of sorghum was higher by 18.9% over that of 2010-11 but production decreased by 31.7% on account of a reduction in acreage by 42.5% during the corresponding period. The net per capita availability of food grains increased, by 17.2% from 159.5 kg to 187.0 kg during this period. The cereals and pulses production needs to be up-scaled by 5.3% and 24.4% to meet the demand by 2030 from 285.28 mt and 25.46 mt, respectively, in 2020-21, with almost the similar acreage, degrading and depleting natural resources, thus, requiring a greater focus on enhancing yield/ha. Crop-specific breeding programmes should be accelerated with the adoption of new technologies like GM, gene editing, marker-assisted selection and speed breeding to address the challenges of climate change and degrading natural sources.

Multifunctional multilevel moisture sensor

Controlling the moisture level is especially important when irrigating various crops to obtain a resistant, stable harvest and save water resources. Over moistening of the soil adversely affects the soil structure and can lead to salinization, waterlogging, and acidification. In addition, the formation of surface water runoff from the fields causes depletion of nutrients, oxygen starvation, and, ultimately, soil degradation. The degradation of fields (areas of the field) leads to the withdrawal of the field from crop rotation (exploitation), a reduction in acreage, the need for agrotechnical measures, reclamation, and, as a result, high financial costs. Currently applied irrigation technologies lead to the withdrawal of up to 50% of irrigated land. Therefore, the technology of differentiated irrigation with constant control over the condition of the soil and plants will help eliminate these negative consequences while increasing the yield and reducing the consumption of water, electricity, and labor costs. For the implementation of this technology, sensors are needed to control the moisture and temperature of the soil at different depths and perform operational control of the water supply to the field. The implementation of a constant connection between the field and the plant with the water supply system will allow creating digital irrigation map and forming of a database about the irrigated field underlying the information and created advisory system. The system for the continuous monitoring of soil moisture and temperature at different depths is based on IT technology with data transmission via radio communication channels. It uses platforms for data transmission via such communication channels as LoRaWAN (highly economical wireless communication interface from ICBCom), GSM (Groupe Spécial Mobile - the global standard for digital mobile cellular communication), and the Internet.

Influence of weather conditions and weediness on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield

Barley belongs to the leading grain crops. This is due to its good adaptive abilities to various climatic conditions, as well as its high nutritional and feed value. However, this crop, when developed in the field, is forced to compete with weeds, which inevitably leads to a decrease in yield. The relationship between clogging, weather and climatic conditions and crop yields has been observed. However, for the geographical region of Siberia, there are few similar works exploring this relationship. Therefore, study on the influence of weather conditions and weeds on the formation of the yield of spring barley in the southeast of Western Siberia is a prerequisite for the development of the protection of this crop from weeds. This research included the study of the species composition of weeds and hydrothermal characteristics and their influence on the formation of the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out in the steppe zone of the Kuznetsk Basin and the Mariinsky forest-steppe of the West Siberian Plain of the Kemerovo Region (Russia) from 2014 to 2018. To characterize the dynamics of yield, sown areas and gross harvests of spring barley, data from statistical bulletins of the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Kemerovo region were used. An increase in the yield of barley was observed. In 2018, compared to 2014, the difference was 0.19 t/ha and revealed a significant reduction in acreage and, due to this, a decrease in the gross yield of barley was noted. Thirtyfour species of weeds belonging to 16 families were recorded on the plot. The biological groups of weeds are represented by six types: ephemera, early spring, late spring, annual wintering, rhizome perennials, and root suckers. The yield of spring barley is greatly reduced by dicotyledonous biennial species of weeds from the Cabbage and Bluegrass families.

Economic Impact of California’s Citrus Industry in 2020

The value of California citrus production in the 2020-21 marketing year was $3.63 billion. The total economic impact of the industry on California’s economy in 2020-21 was $7.6 billion. The California citrus industry added $1.9 billion to California’s state GDP in 2020. Estimated full time equivalent jobs in the California citrus industry in 2020-21 totaled 24,247. Estimated wages paid by the California citrus industry income in 2020-21 totaled $759 million. A 20% reduction in California citrus acreage would cause a loss of 8,213 jobs, $214 million in employee income, and reduce state GDP by $569 million.

Interseeding Sorghum-Sudangrass into Perennial Cool-Season Western Wheatgrass Pasture

Conversion of pastureland into cropland has occurred at a rapid rate on the Great Plains. A reduction in total acreage of pastureland from this conversion has resulted in a decline of total numbers of beef cows in the same region. One method to mitigate the decline in cow numbers is to increase the carrying capacity of the remaining pastureland acres. To achieve this goal, a study was conducted to introduce warm-season annual grass species into perennial cool-season grass pastures to increase dry matter production during the mid-summer time period that perennial cool-season grasses would be most dormant. An increase in production during this time period could result in a significant overall increase in total land area production.

АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ РАЙОНЫ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ИЗМЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ УСЛОВИЯХ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО КЛИМАТА

Today there is enough scientific research to prove the impact of climate change on agriculture. However, there is no conclusive conclusion as to what is in store for agriculture, its potential will increase or decrease. Significant consequences of the impact of climate change are likely to manifest themselves at the regional level, and this requires additional research for further adaptation of agriculture in the corresponding territory. The aim of the study is to assess changes in agro-climatic indicators at the regional level. The subject is the Komi Republic, located in the extreme northeast of the European part of the country. The chosen research methodology based on statistical processing of agro-climatic indicators for ten meteorological stations in the region for 1960-2018 and economic indicators of productivity and gross harvest of agricultural crops for 1913-2018 due to the large amount of data. Paired regression analysis used accurately interpret the results. The obtained mathematical models evaluated according to the Pearson coefficient, Student’s t-criterion, determination coefficient, F – Fisher’s criterion, so that the results of the study were reliable. For some regions, the consequences of climate change may turn out to be negative in the form of a decrease in food supply, for others - positive, due to an increase in the duration of the growing season and, accordingly, an increase in the potential productivity of agricultural crops. The relevance of the study is because these positive consequences will be especially characteristic for the northern territories. As a result, it revealed that in four agro-climatic regions of the Komi Republic, there were insignificant climatic changes for agriculture over a sixty-year period. An analysis of the yield of vegetables in open ground showed that it increased from 36 to 314 tons per hectare, and the gross yield of the main agricultural crop - potatoes - decreased almost 3 times, but the main reason is the reduction in acreage, and not climate change. However, the trend line for potato yields in the region as a whole shows an upward trend over a 100-year period. The performed paired regression analysis between the selected agro-climatic indicators and the yield of agricultural crops of the republic revealed an average direct relationship only between the yield of vegetables and the duration of the growing season, and the sum of average daily temperatures. Consequently, it is currently impossible to assert that the ongoing climatic changes have a significant impact on agriculture in the Komi Republic

Assessing the Impact of 41 Years of Forest Management on Native Wildlife Habitat in Minnesota, USA

AbstractOver the last four decades, forest management goals have transitioned to multiuse objectives, begging the question of their impact on wildlife habitat. Using USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data and the WHINGS (Wildlife Habitat Indicator for Native Genera and Species) model, the trends in wildlife habitat were quantified from 1977 to 2018 across Minnesota. Statewide, 35.5% of species experienced significant improvement in habitat, 29% significant reductions, and 35.5% nonsignificant change. The extent of habitat (acreage) increased for 100% of species, but the quality declined for 63% of species. Results were explained by the reduction in acreage of larger size classes of the aspen, balsam, and birch forest type and increases in smaller, younger forest area. Specifically, forest management that converted aspen stands to other forest types benefited certain wildlife species over others. Future forest management should consider the balance between the habitat requirements of the diverse native species in Minnesota.Study ImplicationsTrends in forest wildlife habitat over the last four decades across Minnesota highlight that forest management often favors one species at the expense of another. Statewide, wildlife species with preferences for larger, older aspen experienced diminished habitat, whereas habitat for species preferring younger forest types or older nonaspen types increased. Regionally, the forested ecoregions in Minnesota (northeast) generally saw reduced habitat, whereas the prairie/agricultural regions (south and northwest) saw the largest increases. Through this and further applications, forest and wildlife managers can rapidly assess the habitat implications of proposed management, whether for environmental review, forest planning, or harvest scheduling.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ У КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The current stage of social development puts on the agenda a number of issues and challenges to which agricultural production, being a sensitive sphere of the Ukrainian economy, should respond. Agribusiness has a powerful resource mechanism that will contribute to the further progress of production activities and the implementation of reforms in the countryside. The article examines the current state of agribusiness in Ukraine, outlining a set of traditional and new factors influencing the development of the industry and determining the peculiarities, including innovation, of its current development. Despite the presence of a whole range of economic, social and political problems, the agriculture of Ukraine is developing rapidly. Entrepreneurship within the framework of the global marketing megatrend Super Food for the production of products of predominantly plant origin, in which the concentration of nutrients is very high, can have a significant impact on the development of domestic agribusiness in the future. Ukrainian craft producers are increasingly joining the international Slow Food movement, which is saving the biodiversity of products, recipes and dishes in the world. This opens up opportunities for domestic producers to participate in foreign festivals and further popularize local agricultural products. However, along with an increase in production and in exports, foreign exchange earnings and tax revenues, the following issues are aggravated: strengthening of agricultural logistics in a “pandemic” economy; adaptation of legislation, regulatory framework and technologies in the European Green Deal (EU Green Deal) increasing the social responsibility of agribusiness, its innovativeness, safety, and competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. The unstable situation due to the Covid-19 pandemic led to a reduction in acreage and a decrease in demand for fertilizers. There is a reorientation of farming from expensive mineral fertilizers to cheaper analogues; the exhaustive use of soils could lead to their losses in the near future. Threats have been tracked and the main strategic directions for the development of the agribusiness have been identified, which should be guided by to ensure the profitability of enterprises in the long term.

Effects of Land Use Change on Banana Production: A Case Study of Imenti South Sub-County of Meru County in Kenya

Most high agricultural potential regions in Kenya such as Imenti South (Meru County) have exceeded their population density and have been associated with sharp decline in farm productivity. There has been a systematic transformation of land use for banana production in the area. This has led to reduction in land acreage under other crops and increase in land acreage under banana farming. This study focused on land use and banana production trends between the years 2000 to 2019 in Imenti South. To achieve the objective, the study used mixed research design that involved qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample size of 377 respondents was identified using simple random sampling. Banana yields and land acreage data were obtained from Imenti South Agricultural office for the study period. The main research instruments were questionnaires for households and key informants. Majority of the respondents (72%) in the study region admitted to have changed the land use and type of crops they have been farming during the study period whereas 28% changed from other crops to banana farming. Land acreage and banana production have been increasing during the study period in the area. The study revealed there is positive and statistically significant relationship (r = .617; p = .004) between land under banana and production. The study recommends that stakeholders in County governments should establish departments that independently identify, analyses, monitor and educates the famers on the new technologies that improves and increases banana production

Economic Analysis and Marketing Margins of Chickpea Prices in Turkey

The study examined the producer-consumer prices and marketing structure of the chickpeas in Turkey, with a focus on the production-consumption, foreign trade, price fluctuations and marketing between the years 2003-2017. Despite the reduction in acreage and production rates in Turkey, an increase was observed in the production. In this study, marketing margins of chickpea are calculated according to current and real prices (2017=100). Producer and consumer chain indexes are also calculated according to current prices and compared with annual inflation rates. In fifteen years, the average yield was determined as 113 kg da-1, and the average consumption per person was 6.5 kg year. In fifteen years, the producer earned from 1 kg chickpea production increased by 55% and the amount paid by the consumer increased by 86%. In the fifteen-year period, prices have been in real favor for the producers and against the consumer. The model related to chickpea production function was estimated and agricultural real worker price was found to be effective on chickpea production.

FOOD SUPPLY OF THE FRONTLINE CITIES OF THE VOLHYNIAN GOVERNORATE IN 1914–1917

The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and the main factors that influenced the food supply of the frontline cities of the Volhynian Governorate in 1914–1917. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, the effectiveness of systematic and scientific using national (analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. The research novelty . For the first time a comprehensive analysis of the food supply of the Western Volhynia’s cities during the First World War is made; price fluctuations at the level of individual frontline cities are investigated; major pricing factors for staple foods are identified. Conclusions. Most of the losses in the Russian Empire from the effects of the First World War were in the frontline areas, including five counties (Kremets, Dubno, Lutsk, Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Kovel) of the Volhynian Governorate. The severity of the situation associated with the devastating effects of hostilities has been compounded by the crisis in the region’s economy. Mass mobilization of the able-bodied male population, large-scale requisitions and purchases for the needs of the army of livestock and grain resulted in a significant reduction in acreage and the profitability of farms in general. The inability of the Russian government to meet the army’s food needs at the expense of remote regions has led to the food depletion of the frontline governorates. Population of the Volhynian Governorate frontal districts suffered most from the food crisis. The crisis was aggravated by such crisis phenomena of the Russian economy as militarization, lack of able-bodied population, inflation, devaluation of the Russian ruble, loss of purchasing power of the population, etc. Attempts of the Russian government to prevent crisis phenomena through the introduction of martial law, fixed prices for basic goods, monopolies for the sale of bread, the introduction of a card system of goods distribution, did not produce the desired results. Frontline cities have suffered from a semi-starvation. A promising area of research for this topic is to compare the food supply of the frontiline cities of Volhynia, Podilia and Minsk governorates during the First World War and to track the role of local economies in supplying the army with the necessary food and goods.

Methods of determining the need for agricultural machinery

The conducted analysis of the technical provision of machine-tractor fleet of Russian agricultural enterprises for the implementation of crop production technologies revealed a lack of technical support of agricultural production, which leads to a reduction in acreage or stretching of agricultural terms of technological operations. All this leads to a significant loss of agricultural products. The qualitative conditions of enterprises are described by four stable zones, which are directly dependent on the level of technical equipment of production: a zone of minimizing the scale of production, and in many cases the termination of the enterprise’s operation; zone of extended agrotechnical terms of technological operations; zone of optimal agrotechnical terms established by the requirements of technological maps; zone of strengthening the protective properties of the enterprise and increasing the reliability of its operation. The method of determining the need for agricultural machinery was developed, which showed that the best level of technical provision is a level that ensures reliable performance of all technological operations in the optimal agrotechnical terms, on the basis of which the boundary conditions of technical security are developed.

Implications of changing spatial dynamics of irrigated pasture, California's third largest agricultural water use

Irrigated agriculture is practiced on 680 million acres worldwide. Irrigated grazing land is likely a significant portion of that area but estimating an accurate figure has remained problematic. Due to its significant contribution to agricultural water use worldwide, we develop a methodology to remotely sense irrigated pasture using a California case study. Irrigated pasture is the third largest agricultural water use in California, yet its economic returns are low. As pressures mount for the agricultural sector to be more water efficient and for water to be directed towards its most economically valuable uses, there will likely be a reduction in irrigated pasture acreage. A first step in understanding the importance of irrigated pasture in California is establishing a methodology to quantify baseline information about its area, location, and current rate of loss. This study used a novel object-based image analysis and supervised classification on publicly-available, high resolution, remote sensing National Agriculture Imaging Program (NAIP) imagery to develop a highly accurate map of irrigated pasture in a rural county in California's Sierra foothills. Irrigated pasture was found to have decreased by 19% during the ten-year period, 2005–2014, from 4,273 to 3,470 acres. The implications of this loss include potential impacts to wetland-dependent species, groundwater recharge, game species, traditional ranching culture, livestock production, and land conservation. Overall accuracy in classification across years was consistently over 89%. Comparing these results against available measurements of irrigated pasture provided by state and federal agencies reveals that this method significantly improves upon existing metrics and methods of data collection and points to critical needs for new targeted research and monitoring efforts. Broadly, the analysis presented here provides an improved methodology for mapping irrigated pasture that can be extended to provide accurate and spatially-explicit data for other counties in California and other arid and semi-arid regions worldwide.

Managing the health and productivity of HLB-affected groves

In 2005, Huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease was first discovered in Florida. Florida orange production changed from 242 million boxes (90 lbs/box) in the pre-hurricane, pre-HLB, 2003-04 season to 81.5 million boxes in 2015-16. This dramatic reduction in yield is attributable to multiple causes, including a reduction in citrus acreage, citrus canker and other citrus diseases. HLB is now recognized as the primary reason for declining citrus yields. Growers are urgently looking for strategies to maintain fruit production in their groves under endemic HLB conditions.
 After years of extensive research from across the world, we still do not have a cure for HLB, however we have learned a lot about this disease, the plant’s response and the disease vector. Based on the scientific and observational information gathered in the last decade a number of tools and strategies are currently available for growers to maintain the health and productivity of HLB-affected trees. In this article we will be shedding light on these currently available horticultural inputs and practices that can be implemented immediately by growers to maintain and improve citrus tree health.

Состояние развития рынка моркови столовой

В статье проанализированы показатели производства моркови столовой в странах мира, БРИКС, Евразийского экономического содружества и России (по округам, субъектам федерации и категориям хозяйств). Несмотря на уменьшение посевных площадей, валовой сбор увеличился в 2015 г. до 1,78 млн т (с учётом Крымской области) против 1,35 млн т в 2007 г. (на 32 %). Валовой сбор товарных корнеплодов в 2015 г. составил 712 тыс. т (443 тыс. т в сельхозорганизациях и 269 тыс. т в фермерских хозяйствах), или 40 % общероссийского объёма. Урожайность за 2007 – 2014 гг. возросла до 23,9 т/га (на 12,7 %). Показано влияние ценового фактора на производство и реализацию корнеплодов моркови столовой, а также объёмы её переработки. Сопоставительный анализ помесячных производственных и потребительских цен за 2015 г. показал, что доля производственной цены в потребительской цене моркови столовой может быть увеличена без повышения потребительской цены. Производство овощных (закусочных, салатных, обеденных) консервов с 377 млн усл. банок в 1990 г. понизилось до 279 млн усл. банок в 1999 г. и до 230,9 млн усл. банок в 2009 г. В 2014 г. их производили лишь в 17 субъектах Федерации общим объёмом 69,2 млн усл. банок при рекомендованной медицинской норме в 104 усл. банок на человека в год. Предложены пути увеличения объёмов и снижения стоимости производства моркови столовой.

The Kuraz Sugar Development Project (KSDP) in Ethiopia: between ‘sweet visions’ and mounting challenges

ABSTRACT Major cutbacks in size and processing capacity cast reasonable doubts on the economic returns of the state-owned Kuraz Sugar Development Project (KSDP) in Ethiopia’s lower Omo Valley. The pressing question, however, is not whether the KSDP will be able to meet the great expectations placed on its contributions to the national economy, but rather how much this unprecedented agri-business venture will fall short of its stated agro-economic and macro-economic objectives. The upstream damming of the Omo River which allows for the development of irrigated sugarcane cultivation has ruled out the continuation of flood-recession agriculture – the central pillar of indigenous livelihoods in the lower Omo Valley. Although clearly unparalleled in terms of its impacts on the local environmental and social landscape, the status of central aspects of the KSDP remain contested. This article summarises recent findings on the planning, status, and outlook of the sugar industry in the lower Omo Valley. It concludes, after illustrating the correlation between agro-economic, macro-economic, and developmental results, that the KSDP has reached a crucial juncture: the reduction in acreage of the project thwarts the reconstruction of local livelihoods, which calls for an adjusted strategy.