Reduction In Path Length Research Articles

Smooth and collision-free path planning for holonomic mobile robot based RRT-Connect

Robot navigation is a crucial aspect of any mobile robot system. Many path planners generate a path that is zigzag in nature and contains many sharp or angular turns. Such courses are not adequate for a mobile robot to follow as it has to slow down and then speed up at these sharp turns. Thus, the integration of the smoothing function is a vital aspect to generate smooth and continuous paths. Moreover, a collision check after path smoothing needs to be accounted for a possible collision with obstacles surrounding. Herein, a path pruning algorithm is utilized to reduce the total path waypoints. Then a piecewise cubic B-spline smoothing function is applied to ensure the path is smooth and continuous. In addition, a post-smoothing collision checking and improvement algorithm based on mid-point insertion for the collide segments is proposed. Experiments and comparisons with the geometric RRT-Connect path planner have shown that the inclusion of a path pruning algorithm, smoothing function and post-smoothing collision check generates better results with reduced path length.

Cache Placement in an NDN-Based LEO Satellite Network Constellation

The efforts to replace the successful, albeit aging, TCP/IP Internet architecture with a better suited one have driving research interest to information-centric alternatives. The Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture is probably one of the main contenders to become the network layer of the future Internet thanks to its inbuilt support for mobility, in-network caching, security and, in general, for being better adapted to the needs of current network applications. At the same time, massive satellite constellations are currently being deployed in low Earth orbits (LEO) to provide a backend for network connectivity. It is expected that, very soon, these constellations will function as proper networks thanks to inter-satellite communication links. These new satellite networks will be able to benefit from their greenfield status and the new network architectures. In this paper we analyze how to deploy the network caches of an NDN-based LEO satellite network. In particular, we show how we can jointly select the most appropriate caching nodes for each piece of content and how to forward data across the constellation in two simple alternative ways. Performance results show that the caching and forwarding strategies proposed reduce path lengths up to a third with just a few caching nodes while, simultaneously, helping to spread the load along the network.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reverses Stroke-Induced Network Alterations in Mice.

Beyond focal effects, stroke lesions impact the function of distributed networks. We here investigated (1) whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alters the network changes induced by cerebral ischemia and (2) whether functional network parameters predict the therapeutic efficacy of tDCS in a mouse model of focal photothrombotic stroke. Starting 3 days after stroke, cathodal tDCS (charge density=39.6 kC/m²) was applied over 10 days in male C57Bl/6J mice under light anesthesia over the lesioned sensory-motor cortex. Functional connectivity (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging) was evaluated for up to 28-day poststroke, with global graph parameters of network integration computed. Ischemia induced a subacute increase in connectivity accompanied by a significant reduction in characteristic path length, reversed by 10 days of tDCS. Early measures of functional network alterations and the network configuration at prestroke baseline predicted spontaneous and tDCS-augmented motor recovery. Stroke induces characteristic network changes throughout the brain that can be detected by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. These network changes were, at least in part, reversed by tDCS. Moreover, early markers of a network impairment and the network configuration before the insult improve the prediction of motor recovery.

Effects of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation on network topological attributes in young individuals with high-level perceived stress: A randomized controlled trial

Individuals with high-level perceived stress are at higher risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. While repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective for improving emotional symptoms, there is little evidence of its effect on perceived stress. This randomized sham-controlled trial investigated the effect of rTMS on ameliorating high-level stress and explored the associated changes in brain network activity. Fifty participants with high-level perceived stress were randomly assigned to either the active or sham rTMS group and received 12 active/sham rTMS sessions over four weeks (three per week). Perceived stress score (PSS), Chinese affective scale (CAS) normal and now statuses, and functional network topology were measured. Our results showed greater improvements in PSS and CAS_Normal scores, and reduced path length in the default mode network after active rTMS. Functional activations of the angular gyrus, posterior insula, and prefrontal cortex were also modulated in the active group. There were significant associations between posterior insula efficiency and PSS scores, and between angular efficiency and CAS_Now scores in the active group. These cumulative findings suggest rTMS as a promising intervention for recovery from high-level perceived stress.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the functionality of 40 Hz auditory steady state response brain network: graph theory approach.

Measuring whole-brain networks of the 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is a promising approach to describe the after-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tDCS on the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR in healthy adult males using graph theory. The second objective was to identify a population in which tDCS effectively modulates the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR. This study used a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded crossover approach. Twenty-five adult males (20-24 years old) completed two sessions at least 1 month apart. The participants underwent cathodal or sham tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, after which 40 Hz ASSR was measured using magnetoencephalography. After the signal sources were mapped onto the Desikan-Killiany brain atlas, the statistical relationships between localized activities were evaluated in terms of the debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). Weighted and undirected graphs were constructed for the tDCS and sham conditions based on the dbWPLI. Weighted characteristic path lengths and clustering coefficients were then measured and compared between the tDCS and sham conditions using mixed linear models. The characteristic path length was significantly lower post-tDCS simulation (p = 0.04) than after sham stimulation. This indicates that after tDCS simulation, the whole-brain networks of 40 Hz ASSR show a significant functional integration. Simple linear regression showed a higher characteristic path length at baseline, which was associated with a larger reduction in characteristic path length after tDCS. Hence, a pronounced effect of tDCS is expected for those who have a less functionally integrated network of 40 Hz ASSR. Given that the healthy brain is functionally integrated, we conclude that tDCS could effectively normalize less functionally integrated brain networks rather than enhance functional integration.

IS VIRTUAL REALITY THE ANSWER? A STUDY TO VALIDATE THE USE OF HIGH-FIDELITY VIRTUAL REALITY SIMULATION IN HIP ARTHROSCOPY TRAINING

Surgical trainees are finding it increasingly more challenging to meet operative requirements and coupled with the effects of COVID-19, we face a future of insufficiently trained surgeons. As a result, virtual reality (VR) simulator training has become more prevalent and whilst more readily accepted in certain arthroscopic fields, its use in hip arthroscopy (HA) remains novel. This project aimed to validate VR high-fidelity HA simulation and assess its functional use in arthroscopic training.Seventy-two participants were recruited to perform two basic arthroscopic tasks on a VR HA simulator, testing hip anatomy, scope manipulation and triangulation skills. They were stratified into novice (39) and experienced (33) groups based on previous arthroscopy experience. Metric parameters recorded from the simulator were used to assess construct validity. Face validity was evaluated using a Likert-style questionnaire. All recordings were reviewed by 2 HA experts for blinded ASSET score assessment.Experienced participants were significantly faster in completing both tasks compared with novice participants (p<0.001). Experienced participants damaged the acetabular and femoral cartilage significantly less than novice participants (p=0.011) and were found to have significantly reduced path length of both camera and instrument across both tasks (p=0.001, p=0.007), demonstrating significantly greater movement economy. Total ASSET scores were significantly greater in experienced participants compared to novice participants (p=0.041) with excellent correlation between task time, cartilage damage, camera and instrument path length and corresponding ASSET score constituents. 62.5% of experienced participants reported a high degree of realism in all facets of external, technical and haptic experience with 94.4% advising further practice would improve their arthroscopic skills. There was a relative improvement of 43% in skill amongst all participants between task 1 and 2 (p<0.001).This is the largest study to date validating the use of simulation in HA training. These results confirm significant construct and face validity, excellent agreement between objective measures and ASSET scores, significant improvement in skill with continued use and recommend VR simulation to be a valuable asset in HA training for all grades.

Clothoid-Based Path Planning for a Formation of Fixed-Wing UAVs

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are playing an increasingly crucial role in many applications such as search and rescue, delivery services, and military operations. However, one of the significant challenges in this area is to plan efficient and safe trajectories for UAV formations. This paper presents an optimization procedure for trajectory planning for fixed-wing UAV formations using graph theory and clothoid curves. The proposed planning strategy consists of two main steps. Firstly, the geometric optimization of paths is carried out using graphs for each UAV, providing piece-wise linear paths whose smooth connections are made with clothoids. Secondly, the geometric paths are transformed into time-dependent trajectories, optimizing the assigned aircraft speeds to avoid collisions by solving a mixed-integer optimal control problem for each UAV of the flight formation. The proposed method is effective in achieving suboptimal paths while ensuring collision avoidance between aircraft. A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters of the algorithm was conducted in ideal conditions, highlighting the possibility of decreasing the length of the optimal path by about 4.19%, increasing the number of points used in the discretization and showing a maximum path length reduction of about 10% compared with the average solution obtained with a similar algorithm using a graph based on random directions. Furthermore, the use of clothoids, whose parameters depend on the UAV performance constraints, provides smoother connections, giving a significant improvement over traditional straight-line or circular trajectories in terms of flight dynamics compliance and trajectory tracking capabilities. The method can be applied to various UAV formation scenarios, making it a versatile and practical tool for mission planning.

Silver Nanoparticles for Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of Oxidant Agents in Micro-Reactor: Kinetic Analysis and Process Intensification

Chemical engineering frequently uses "process intensification" to consciously combine various phenomena or procedures. By treating the molecules in such a system in a way that every single molecule experiences the same processing, the selectivity is raised, enhancing productivity. For mass transfer limited reactions, the enhancement of the transport rates & the specific interfacial area are the typical approaches. These enable the reduction of diffusion path length, reduce hold-up and improve the controlling on temperature control, even for highly exothermic reactions. Micro reactor technology (MRT) is a subset of process intensification that aims to reduce the size of equipment, energy consumption, and waste generation. The research of peracetic acid (PAA) and perform acid (PFA) preparation is the focus of the current investigation. Amberlite IR-120H catalyst was used to study the synthesis of PAA and PFA in batch and micro-structured reactors while ultrasonic irradiations were present.. The current research describes a method for synthesizing both compounds in a batch and micro-structured reactors, with and without ultrasonic irradiation. Such a technology might be crucial in the online synthesis of these chemicals as it eliminates the need for harmful components to be transported and stored, assuring safety among other benefits. For these substances, various safety characteristics could be improved.

The instant effect of embodiment via mirror visual feedback on electroencephalogram-based brain connectivity changes: A pilot study.

The therapeutic efficacy of mirror visual feedback (MVF) is attributed to the perception of embodiment. This study intends to investigate the instantaneous effect of embodiment on brain connectivity. Twelve healthy subjects were required to clench and open their non-dominant hands and keep the dominant hands still during two experimental sessions. In the first session, the dominant hand was covered and no MVF was applied, named the sham-MVF condition. Random vibrotactile stimulations were applied to the non-dominant hand with MVF in the subsequent session. Subjects were asked to pedal while having embodiment perception during motor tasks. As suggested by previous findings, trials of no vibration and continuous vibration were selected for this study, named the condition of MVF and vt-MVF. EEG signals were recorded and the alterations in brain connectivity were analyzed. The average node degrees of sham-MVF, MVF, and vt-MVF conditions were largely different in the alpha band (9.94, 11.19, and 17.37, respectively). Further analyses showed the MVF and vt-MVF had more nodes with a significantly large degree, which mainly occurred in the central and the visual stream involved regions. Results of network metrics showed a significant increment of local and global efficiency, and a reduction of characteristic path length for the vt-MVF condition in the alpha and beta bands compared to sham-MVF, and in the alpha band compared to MVF. Similar trends were found for MVF condition in the beta band compared to sham-MVF. Moreover, significant leftward asymmetry of global efficiency and rightward asymmetry of characteristic path length was reported in the vt-MVF condition in the beta band. These results indicated a positive impact of embodiment on network connectivity and neural communication efficiency, which reflected the potential mechanisms of MVF for new insight into neural modulation.

Computer Assisted Objective Assessment of Micro-Neurosurgical Skills From Intraoperative Videos.

Goal: Conventionally, a surgeon's skill is assessed through visual observation by experts and by tracking patient outcomes. These techniques are very subjective and demands enormous time and effort. Hence, the aim of this study is to construct a framework for automated objective assessment of micro-neurosurgical skill. Methods: A mask region-based convolution neural network (RCNN) is trained to identify and localize instances of surgical instruments from the recorded neurosurgery videos. Then the tool motion and tool handling metrics are computed by tracking the detected instrument locations through time. Microscope adjustment patterns are also investigated via the proposed time based metrics.Results: This study highlights the metrics that could potentially emphasize the variance in expertise between a veteran and a novice. These variations include an expert exhibiting a lower velocity, lower acceleration, lower jerks, reduced path length, higher normalized angular displacement, increased bi-manual handling, shorter idle time and smaller inter tool-tip distances while handling tools accompanied with frequent microscope adjustments and reduced maximum and median intervals between adjustments when compared to a novice. Conclusions: The developed vision based framework has proven to be a reliable method to assess the degree of surgical skill objectively and offer prompt and precise feedback to the neurosurgeons.

Optimal Path Planning for Mobile Robot Navigation Using FA-TPM in Cluttered Dynamic Environments

Mobile Robot Navigation(MRN) in moving obstacles environment is a very difficult research area in field of robotics. Nowadays, mostly Nature-inspired algorithms are used methods used for autonomous MRN. Many algorithms in MRN are developed by simulating the swarm behavior of various creatures like ants, fireflies, honey bees, cuckoos, spider monkeys, whales and the outcomes are very motivating. The paper presents an hybrid of Firefly algorithm (FA)along with Three Path Method (TPM) in [35] for MRN in cluttered dynamic environment. TPM check the free path in the environment and whenever all the paths are blocked by obstacles, FA is used for avoiding obstacles. The key concept of the proposed method is the searching of brighter firefly from the groups. Several experiments are performed by considering two environments to validate the performance of the proposed hybrid method and the results are compared with existing navigation methods. It is observed that the proposed hybrid method shows superior performance in terms of reduced path length and lower computational cost.

One-Pot Synthesis of Nanostructured Ni@Ni(OH)2 and Co-Doped Ni@Ni(OH)2 via Chemical Reduction Method for Supercapacitor Applications.

Crystalline Ni@Ni(OH)2 (cNNH) and Co-doped cNNH were obtained via a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis using a modified chemical reduction method. The effect of each reagent on the synthesis of the nanostructures was investigated concerning the presence or absence of each reagent. The detailed morphology shows that both nanostructures consist of a Ni core and Ni(OH)2 shell layer (~5 nm). Co-doping influences the morphology and suppresses the particle agglomeration of cNNH. Co-doped cNNH showed a specific capacitance of 1238 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and a capacitance retention of 76%, which are significantly higher than those of cNNH. The enhanced performance of the co-doped cNNH is attributed to the reduced path length of the electrons caused by the decrease in the size of the nanostructure and the increased conductivity due to Co ions substituting Ni ions. The reported synthesis method and electrochemical behaviors of cNNH and Co-doped cNNH affirm their potential as electrochemically active materials for supercapacitor applications.

THE EFFECTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON POSTURAL ADAPTATION DURING A VISUAL SEARCH TASK IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduction in sensory integration capacity that often results in cognition and postural control deficits. The effects of T2DM on the ability to adapt one’s postural sway while standing and performing a visual search task (VST) are unknown. Twenty-three healthy older adults (HOA) (70–90 years) and 20 older adults with T2DM (67–93 years) performed multiple trials of quiet standing with and without a VST (i.e., counting 1 target letter in a grid of random letters). Postural sway acceleration measures were jerk, velocity, range, and pathlength in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction, as well as elliptical area. Postural adaptation to the VST was defined as the absolute change between conditions. VST accuracy (%) was defined as the percentage of participant-reported target letters compared to total target letters. In general, for both groups, performing the VST resulted in an average reduction in sway jerk, velocity, pathlength, and range when performing the VST, compared to control (T2DM & HOA, p < 0.04). VST accuracy and the magnitude of postural adaptation to the VST were similar between groups (p>0.15). Within the T2DM group, those who performed worse on the VST exhibited less adaptation (i.e., smaller decrease) in ML velocity (r=0.47, p=0.04). No other differences or associations were observed. Compared to healthy older adults, those with T2DM demonstrated a similar capacity to adapt their postural control in response to a VST. However, this group exhibited different characteristic changes in sway which were linked to task performance.

Delivery of intensity-modulated electron therapy by mechanical scanning: An algorithm study.

In principle, intensity-modulated electron therapy (IMET) can be delivered through mechanical scanning, with a robotic arm mounting a linac. Here is a scanning algorithm to identify the back-and-forth, top-to-bottom (zigzag) pattern scan sequence. The algorithm includes generating beam positions with a uniform resolution according to the applicator size; adopting discrete energies to achieve the depth of 90% dose by compositing energies; selecting energy by locating the target's distal edge; and employing the energy-by-energy scan strategy for step-and-shoot discrete scanning. After a zigzag scan sequence is obtained, the delivery order of the scan spots is optimized by fast simulated annealing (FSA) to minimize the path length. For algorithm evaluation, scan sequences were generated using the computed tomography data of 10 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy, and the results were compared between the zigzag path and an optimized path. A simple calculation of the treatment delivery time, which comprises the irradiation time, the total robotic arm moving time, the time for energy switch, and the time to stop and restart the beam, was also made. In these clinical cases, FSA optimization shortened the path lengths by 12%-43%. Assuming the prescribed dose was 15 Gy, machine dose rate was 15 Gy/s, energy switch time was 2 s, stop and restart beam time was 20 ms, and robotic arm move speed was 50 mm/s, the average delivery time was 124±38 s. The largest reduction in path length yielded an approximately 10% reduction in the delivery time, which can be further reduced by increasing the machine dose rate and the robotic arm speed, decreasing the time for energy switch, and/or developing more efficient algorithms. Mechanically scanning IMET is potentially feasible and worthy of further exploration.

Suppression of Axial Tremor by Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with Essential Tremor: Effects on Gait and Balance Measures.

Background:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventralis intermedius (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus has been successful in mitigating upper limb tremor, but the effect on gait and balance performance is unclear. Here, we aim to examine the effectiveness of VIM DBS on stride length variability, sway path length, and task-relevant tremor of various body segments in essential tremor (ET).Methods:Seventeen ET individuals treated with DBS (ET DBS) and 17 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) performed a postural balance and overground walking task. In separate and consecutive visits, ET DBS performed gait and balance tasks with DBS ON or OFF. The main outcome measures were sway path length, stride length variability, and tremor quantified from upper limb, lower limb, upper and lower trunk (axial) during the gait and balance tasks.Results:With DBS OFF, ET DBS exhibited significantly greater stride length variability, sway path length, and tremor during gait and balance task relative to HC. Relative to DBS OFF, DBS ON reduced stride length variability and sway path length in ET DBS. The DBS-induced reduction in stride length variability was associated with the reduction in both upper trunk tremor and upper limb tremor. The DBS-induced reduction in sway path length was associated with the reduction in upper trunk tremor.Discussion:The findings of this study revealed that VIM DBS was effective in improving gait and balance in ET DBS and that improvements in gait and postural balance were associated with a reduction of axial tremor during the tasks.Highlights:ET patients exhibit tremor in various body locations during gait and balance.DBS reduced stride length variability and sway path length.DBS-induced improvements in gait and balance were associated with reduction in axial tremor.

Development and Validation of Chemometric Assisted Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Montelukast Sodium and Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms using chemometrically assisted Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. This method involves preparation of solid pellets of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride using Potassium bromide (KBr) with the aid of geometric mixing. The spectra were measured by direct measurement technique using reduced path length in absorbance mode and the equipment was configured to collect spectra at 8cm-1 resolution. The spectra were collected between the ranges of 4000cm-1 to 450cm-1. Infrared spectra of the two drugs showed different functional group peaks with base line correction; from which intense, clear and proportionate peaks at 1704cm-1 and 3421cm-1 corresponding to C=O stretching and O- H group were selected for Montelukast and Fexofenadine respectively for quantitative estimation using chemometrics. Beer-Lambert’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/mg for Montelukast and Fexofenadine. The developed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The validation parameters - precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation, limit of detection were determined and found to be within the limits. This method was successfully applied for analysis of marketed formulations of Montelukast sodium and Fexofenadine hydrochloride.

Knockdown of a Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channel Impairs Locomotor Activity and Recovery From Hypoxia in Adult Drosophila melanogaster.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) modulates the speed of recovery from anoxia in adult Drosophila and mediates hypoxia-related behaviors in larvae. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNG) and cGMP-activated protein kinase (PKG) are two cGMP downstream targets. PKG is involved in behavioral tolerance to hypoxia and anoxia in adults, however little is known about a role for CNG channels. We used a CNGL (CNG-like) mutant with reduced CNGL transcripts to investigate the contribution of CNGL to the hypoxia response. CNGL mutants had reduced locomotor activity under normoxia. A shorter distance travelled in a standard locomotor assay was due to a slower walking speed and more frequent stops. In control flies, hypoxia immediately reduced path length per minute. Flies took 30–40 min in normoxia for >90% recovery of path length per minute from 15 min hypoxia. CNGL mutants had impaired recovery from hypoxia; 40 min for ∼10% recovery of walking speed. The effects of CNGL mutation on locomotor activity and recovery from hypoxia were recapitulated by pan-neuronal CNGL knockdown. Genetic manipulation to increase cGMP in the CNGL mutants increased locomotor activity under normoxia and eliminated the impairment of recovery from hypoxia. We conclude that CNGL channels and cGMP signaling are involved in the control of locomotor activity and the hypoxic response of adult Drosophila.

Online Coverage Planning for an Autonomous Weed Mowing Robot With Curvature Constraints

Thearea used for grazing cattle constitutes about one-third of the land in United States. In this paper, we present the design of Cowbot, an autonomous weed mowing robot for maintaining cow pastures. Cowbot is designed to operate in rugged environments and provides a cost-effective method for weed control in cow pastures. Path planning for the Cowbot is challenging since weed distribution on pastures is unknown. Given an onboard sensor with a limited field of view, online planning is necessary to detect weeds and plan paths to mow them. We study the general online coverage planning problem for an autonomous mower with curvature and field of view constraints. We develop two algorithms that are able to utilize new information on weed detection to optimize path length and ensure coverage. We deploy our algorithms on the Cowbot and perform field experiments to validate the suitability of our methods for real-time path planning. We also perform extensive simulation experiments which show that our algorithms result in up to 60% reduction in path length as compared to boustrophedon and random-search based coverage paths.

Complete Coverage Path Planning of Underwater Wall-climbing Cleaning Robot

Abstract Aiming at the special working environment of the underwater wall-climbing cleaning robot and the low efficiency and poor universality of the complete coverage path planning algorithm in this environment, a complete coverage path planning algorithm based on enclosing window is proposed. Firstly, the robot’s floating system is briefly introduced. Then, the grid map method is used to model the environment, and the traversal priority order of the single-layer enclosing window is determined according to different grid maps. Finally, when the robot falls into the dead corner, the diffusible water-ripple enclosing window search algorithm is used to find the escape grid, then the robot escapes from dead corner and continues to traverse until all traversable grids are traversed. The simulation results show that the method in this paper can not only achieve 100% full coverage and 0% repetition rate, but also reduce path length. It has higher planning efficiency in underwater environments, and has better applications.

On the Benefits of Joint Optimization of Reconfigurable CDN-ISP Infrastructure

ISP networks have become a critical infrastructure in our society. Traffic in these networks is growing and is increasingly dominated by a small number of large CDNs connecting at multiple locations. Simultaneously, the networks are becoming more flexible, in terms of routing, CDN user mapping, and also regarding the IP topology: emerging optical technologies allow to flexibly reconfigure the network. This paper studies the potential gains of these reconfiguration flexibilities. The idea is to make CDN-ISP infrastructure demand-aware, that is, to re-optimize it towards the changing end-user demands over time. We present an optimization framework and conduct an extensive evaluation using data from a large European ISP. We find that such a reconfigurable infrastructure has indeed a high potential: by leveraging spatial and diurnal traffic patterns, the efficiency of ISP networks and CDNs is improved significantly. Specifically, the required backbone capacity is reduced by 15% while reducing path lengths by 30%, on average and during the critical peak hour. Moreover, such infrastructures can leverage re-optimizations during specific events, like the COVID-19 pandemic, and under link failures. We optimistically assume a cooperative environment of ISPs and CDNs, and we conclude by discussing trends that foster the identified benefits in practice.