Reduce Crime Rates Research Articles

Determinants of Human Development Index in Indonesia with Maqashid Sharia approach

The study examines factors that influence the Indonesian Human Development Index using the Maqashid Sharia approach. This study's sample is made up of several provinces with the Human Development Index for different categories of people. Data analysis employs a panel data regression model with a fixed effect model. The study's findings indicate that whereas variables Hifzu al-din, Hifzu al-aql, and Hifzu al-mal have a significant impact on the Index of Human Development, variables Hifzu al-nafs and Hifzu al-nasl have no significant impact on the Index of Human Development. Simultaneously, the variables Hifzu al-din, Hifzu al-nafs, Hifzu al-aql, Hifzu al-nasl, and Hifzu al-mal exhibit significant effects on the Human Development Index. Results of the determination test show that 98% of independent variables can influence dependent variables, with the remaining 2% being affected by variables not examined in this study. The study's findings recommended to the government that they support Hifzu Al-din in reducing crime rates, Hifzu Al-Aql by increasing the average length of schooling, and Hifzu Al-Mal in raising per capita income. By paying more attention to these issues, human development will eventually reach its full potential.

Safety-centric urban engagement plan

Research objective: The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a Safety-Centric Urban Engagement Plan (SCUEP) that intends to improve the safety of city centres by actively involving the community. This study investigates the impact of heightened social engagement in public areas on the safety and overall welfare of individuals residing in urban metropolis centres.
 Methodology: The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis of crime rates and qualitative assessments of community perceptions before and after the implementation of SCUEP. It also includes case studies from various municipalities that have adopted similar engagement plans.
 Main findings: The results show a direct correlation between heightened social participation and reduced crime rates in city centers. Improved lighting, well-maintained public spaces, and community events correlate with increased public use of city centers and a consequent reduction in crime.
 Application of the study: The findings offer practical insights for urban planners, legislators, and law enforcement authorities. The significance of engaging local populations in safety measures is emphasised, indicating that successful urban involvement can result in enduring safety solutions in city centres.
 Originality/Novelty of the study: The study brings a novel perspective by linking urban design and social engagement with urban safety. It introduces SCUEP as an innovative framework that integrates community-led activities, urban planning, and law enforcement strategies to foster safe and inclusive city centers.

Exploring the World of Smart Prisons: Barriers, Trends, and Sustainable Solutions

The world of smart prisons is gaining momentum despite receiving limited attention due to the ability to maintain social order and reduce crime rates. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize the current knowledge of smart prisons, identify barriers to trend technologies, and provide valuable insights for practitioners, and policymakers. The systematic literature review (SLR) method by Kitchenham was used to collect data from Scopus from 2007 to 2023, which comprised 59 articles in the final phase. The high cost of smart technology, ineffective technology design, poor management, aging facilities, increased violence, ethical concerns, and lots more, were some of the barriers associated with the topic. The study highlights the need for targeted strategies, such as cost‐benefit analyses, phased implementation, and comprehensive staff training, to overcome these barriers. The study also reveals varied approaches to smart prison adoption across countries, influenced by differences in economic resources and policy frameworks. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous evaluation, international collaboration, and adherence to ethical standards to sustain smart prison development. The result showed that smart prisons are important in the field of corrections.

Building Resilient Communities: A Comprehensive Approach to Addressing Insecurity in Nigeria.

The prevalence of insecurity poses a significant threat to social stability, economic growth, and individual well-being. This paper proposes the development of a comprehensive system model designed to curb insecurity through a multi-faceted approach. The model integrates advanced technology, community engagement, and policy reform to create a cohesive framework for enhancing public safety. Key components include the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for predictive analytics, the use of surveillance systems, the establishment of rapid response units, and the fostering of community policing initiatives. Additionally, the model emphasizes the importance of social and economic policies that address the root causes of insecurity, such as poverty, unemployment, and social inequality. Through a combination of preventative measures, real-time response strategies, and long-term policy interventions, the proposed system aims to significantly reduce crime rates and improve overall security. The efficacy of this model is evaluated through simulations and pilot programs in high-risk areas, demonstrating its potential to create safer communities and more resilient societies.

Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Crime Among International Migrants in South Africa

The presence of immigrants in South Africa has led citizens to believe that migrants are responsible for increased crime rates in the country. This belief is a harmful stereotype that has no basis in reality, as most of the crimes are not committed by the migrants. This study explores the impact of socio-economic factors on crime rates by international migrants in South Africa from 2012 to 2017. Specifically, it focuses on examining the likelihood and association between two key variables: migrants with no formal education and crime, and unemployed migrants and crime. Through chi-square tests and multinomial regression, the study investigated whether these socio-economic factors drove criminal behavior among the international migrant population. This study obtained data from secondary sources. The study’s findings revealed that unemployment has an impact on migrants and crime rates in South Africa. The relationship showed a weak association, attributed to insufficient supporting evidence due to the low statistical power of educational status. The relationship proved to not have a strong association, lacking supporting evidence due to low statistical power on educational status. The level of education among migrants did not play a substantial role in influencing criminal behavior within the South African context. Other factors, such as social networks, cultural integration, and individual characteristics, might have a more prominent influence on criminal activities among migrants. However, addressing unemployment issues among international migrants in South Africa to mitigate the risk of criminal involvement is crucial. Policymakers and stakeholders should focus on developing effective strategies to promote employment opportunities, skills development, and social integration among migrant communities. By addressing these socio-economic factors, it may be possible to reduce crime rates and create a more inclusive society for both migrants and the host population in South Africa.

Public Opinion on Impact of Unemployment on Crime Rate in Tamilnadu

Crime rates of various countries reveal the correlation between employment and crime. Individuals without jobs and accommodations are forced to violate the law in order to survive. Thus, many people consider poverty as the main cause of crime worldwide. The objectives of the research is to find out the relationship between unemployment and crime rate, to find out the measures taken by government to prevent unemployment issues, to determine the kinds of crime committed by unemployed people and to find out measures for reducing crime rates that are related to unemployment in Tamilnadu .The primary information for the research was collected from the general public of different age groups with well framed and structured questionnaires. The secondary source that the researcher used was books, articles, case laws, journals. The study was based on the primary and secondary sources together. Government measures include Schemes for Unemployed and Poor. Atal Pension Yojana - The Co-contributory Pension Scheme by Department of Financial Services aims to encourage people from the unorganized sector to voluntarily save for their retirement There are certain measures which can be taken: Change in industrial technique, Dealing with seasonal unemployment, Changes in the Education system, Introduction of new governmental measures, Population control. The main aim of the study is to analyse the relationship between unemployment and crime rate. This paper concludes that Different types of criminal activities are carried out, and not all can be directly linked to the lack of employment. Studies have shown that property crime can be connected to unemployment. However, violent crimes such as murder and rape are not strongly related to poverty.

Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Crime

The problem of crime in Indonesia is an urgent issue, with crime rates continuing to increase. High crime rates have serious impacts on societal security, social stability, and economic development. Amidst the complexity of types of crime, motives and methods of handling them, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technology has emerged as a promising solution. Through analysis of a literature review with the keywords "AI and crime," this research aims to understand the differences between the use of AI in crime prediction and traditional methods. The literature review method will identify and analyze the latest knowledge regarding the use of AI technology in overcoming crime problems. The use of AI in analyzing crime data, identifying complex patterns, and providing accurate predictions will be emphasized. The research will also explain how AI is able to overcome problems that are difficult to solve with conventional methods. It is hoped that the results of this literature review will provide deeper insight into the potential of AI in reducing crime rates and c reating a safer environment for people in Indonesia.

EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP UPAYA PREFENTIF TINGKAT KEJAHATAN DI TABAGSEL

This paper discusses how restorative justice is according to legal experts and the people of Tabagsel, and how it impacts preventive efforts on crime rates in South Tapanuli (Tabagsel). So to answer this problem, the author uses a qualitative method, which is to find out the impact of restorative justice in reducing crime rates or vice versa can increase crime rates.The findings from this study indicate that there are two impacts arising from this restorative justice, some are positive and some are negative. It has a negative form when RJ seems to make it easier for the law so that the perpetrators feel not afraid to commit the same crime, and vice versa has a positive impact when RJ creates intimacy between fellow perpetrators and victims so that they respect each other and are friends so they feel ashamed to do it again at another time.

Shifting Polri's Law Enforcement Strategy: Restorative Justice for Public Trust

Restorative justice has gained importance within the Indonesian National Police as a means of law enforcement and security services in the era of globalization and modernization. This approach offers a humane alternative that focuses on the recovery of victims and offenders, aiming to prevent crime and resolve conflicts. The police have transitioned from a purely punitive approach to embracing restorative justice principles. Community policing is crucial for reducing crime rates and fostering public trust. The challenge lies in shifting the law enforcement paradigm towards restorative justice and implementing community policing to build public trust. The research methodology involves normative legal research with an empirical approach, employing a descriptive-analytical nature. Secondary and primary data are used for analysis. Qualitative analysis and deductive conclusions are drawn. Findings indicate that the integration of restorative justice within community policing is an effective solution to improve the relationship between the community and the police. It is recommended that the police introduce the restorative justice approach in their community policing programs, thereby shifting the law enforcement paradigm and fostering public trust. This research emphasizes the significance of restorative justice in the context of community policing and its potential impact on law enforcement practices and public perception of the police

Understanding Death Punishment: Historical Perspective, Justification, and Critical Analysis

Debatable of the death penalty based on the issues of justice, humanity, and the prevention of the possibility of crime. The reasons for the rejection of the death penalty are not justified in the view of life as well as humanitarian factors and the imposition of capital punishment will not be capable of preventing crime and reducing crime rates. But for those who agree with the imposition of capital punishment because of the sense of justice and peace that is in the community. The portrait is just a glance at the issues that colored the discourse on the pros and cons of the existence of capital punishment. The retentionist and the abolitionist against the death penalty have an argument based on his theoretical framework and norms. Indonesia as one of the countries with the European Continental legal system still applies the death penalty in the punishment system besides Saudi Arabia with qhisash which is applied in the Islamic Law system. Both countries have a legal standing built on the meta norms, their theories, and philosophies each, of course, has its urgency to be discussed in the middle of countries that condemn the existence of capital punishment. Here's an article that analyzes comparative relations to the applications of the death penalty in both countries that embrace different legal systems, this comparative study will contribute thoughts on the reforms of criminal law in Indonesia.

IMPACT OF ILLEGAL OIL MINING: WHAT SHOULD GOVERNMENT DO?

The rampant practice of illegal oil well mining by the community in Musi Banyuasin district has caused various impacts, namely environmental impacts in the form of pollution, the impact of causing fatalities due to oil well exploration accidents, the impact of social conflict, and the impact of vulnerability and order. Due to the current unclear policy from the government to regulate the Management of Community Oil Wells, comprehensive governance is needed which includes Institutional Governance and Mapping of Oil Well Clusters, Governance of Safety Aspects, Occupational Health and Environmental Management, Governance of Strengthening the Capacity of Community Groups, Governance of the Management and Production of Community Oil Wells from upstream to downstream. To produce administrative benefits in the form of absorption of labor, calm for the community in carrying out their activities, reduced crime rates and crime rates, and profits obtained by local governments from tax revenues which can ultimately be used to realize community welfare programs.

MODEL PENYEBARAN KRIMINALITAS DENGAN PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN KRIMINAL SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN PADA SITUASI KRISIS EKONOMI

Crime is behavior that violates the law and social norms so that people oppose it which can occur due to environmental factors, namely the imitation of criminality and individual economic factors, can be prevented by criminal policies, and can increase in certain situations, one of which is the economic crisis. The mathematical model of the spread of crime is built by considering individual economic factors which are implemented as work and non-work compartments, crime imitation factors which are implemented as the rate of crime affected, and criminal policy factors as an obstacle to crime. Based on the model that has been built, the equilibrium point and its stability, the basic reproduction rate, population dynamics, and conditions that can describe the influence of criminal policy and the economic crisis on the crime rate are determined. The model has one non-endemic equilibrium point and one non-negative endemic equilibrium point which can reach a stable condition. Numerical simulations show that population dynamics using parameter values and initial compartments obtained from various sources are stable towards an endemic equilibrium point, criminal policies can reduce crime rates, and economic crises can increase crime rates.

Mobile Application that Promotes Citizen Participation to Counteract Insecurity in the District of Los Olivos

Nowadays, in Peru, there are several problems, where crime is one of the most prominent; we see this reflected daily in the various criminal acts that occur in our capital city, which generates fear, distrust and insecurity in the population. For this reason, we propose the development of a mobile application that can provide relevant information on crime incidents occurring in the district of Los Olivos. The application has the function of notifying users and district authorities about incidents of citizen insecurity in order to generate various lines of communication, which, by being more efficient, provide an immediate response to these criminal acts, thus reducing crime rates in the district of Los Olivos. In addition, this application promotes citizen participation and empowers the population to be part of the decisions in public policies, it will also allow the Police of the Jurisdiction to take the necessary actions since they will have updated and accurate information on their mobile device. For the development of the mobile application was chosen the Scrum methodology because it allows greater efficiency in the development stages. Finally, its structure will be made with the Kotlin language, which will have the necessary Application Programming Interfaces (API's) and similar to Google Maps, to visualize and make use of these adding risk notifications about a crime in key locations, storing the information in a relational database for distribution through the virtual store of PlayStore applications.

The Use of K-Nearest Neighbour Approach for Crime Rate Prediction in Public Universities: Case Study Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba–Akoko (AAUA), Ondo State, Nigeria

The prediction of crime rates has been a challenging problem for law enforcement agencies and policymakers. The main challenge in developing a predictive model for crime rate is the unavailability and quality of data. Crime data is often incomplete, inconsistent, and biased, which has always affected the accuracy of the scholars’ designed model. For example, the use of traditional methods such as manual crime analysis and statistical analysis are often limited by the volume and complexity of the data. The need for a more accurate and efficient predictive model that can handle large and complex datasets is increasing. This research developed a predictive model using the KNN algorithm that is into accurate prediction of crime rates and helps policymakers to make better decisions. The KNN algorithm was implemented using Python programming language with scikit-learn libraries. The primary dataset was collected from security units of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko and Akungba police station. The Algorithm was implemented on a Laboratory Local Area Network at the Information and Communication Technology Application Centre (ICTAC), Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko. The performance evaluation was based on precision, recall, and F1 score. The results show that the KNN algorithm can accurately predict crime rates with an average accuracy of 88%. The model demonstrates that the KNN algorithm can be a useful tool for predicting crime rates. In addition, the model is hoped to enhance crime prevention strategies, reduce crime rates, and ultimately improve the quality of life in university communities. Keywords: Crime, Crime Rate, Prediction, K-Nearest Neighbour, Public Universities. Akinwumi, D.A. (2023): The Use of K-Nearest Neighbour Approach for Crime Rate Prediction in Public Universities: Case Study Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba–Akoko (AAUA), Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Mathematical & Computational Science. Vol. 11, No. 2. Pp 11-24. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/MATHS/V11N2P1. Available online at www.isteams.net/mathematics-computationaljournal.

Program Evaluation of Independent Campus Learning Program (MBKM) in IAIN Ternate Kirkpatrick Model

Education has an important role in people's lives and in the future, with the hope that improving the quality of education can reduce crime rates. The Independent Campus Learning Program (MBKM) is a government initiative to increase student productivity and reduce truancy in tertiary institutions. MBKM aims to improve the quality of human resources, graduates, and educational institutions. This research focuses on the IAIN Ternate campus, especially the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teaching Science (FTIK) which has 8 study programs. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative (Mix Method). Researchers used the draft MBKM guidelines from the FGD results to create variable indicators and create research instruments. The instrument was validated by three education experts using a Likert scale. The results showed that the implementation of the first level of MBKM (Reaction) had not been fully socialized to the study program coordinators. The guidelines used are still in draft form and have not been approved by the chancellor, indicating that the campus has not been wholeheartedly involved in implementing MBKM. The MBKM guideline draft is also still imperfect and is in the data collection stage regarding the number of credits of courses that will be involved in the MBKM.

(048) Management of Sexual Dysfunction: Can Color Scheme in Areas of Intimacy be a Possible Management Intervention?

Abstract Introduction There are several psychological factors that can affect sexual dysfunction, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Evaluating color schemes in areas of intimacy may be one of the potential ways to address the psychological issues contributing to the sexual dysfunction. That is, suggesting to those with sexual dysfunction an evaluation of the color scheme in their usual area of intimacy should be considered. Further, understanding the effect of color on sexual dysfunction may be important when couples decorate their bedrooms as it can allow couples to understand which colors to avoid and which colors to incorporate in this process. Objectives To review the role of color in psychological wellness. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted on Google Scholar to examine data on the role of color and psychological health. Results There were scant data that explored the role of color in the scientific literature. Further, although none of the research specifically linked color to sexual performance, there were scant data suggesting color may have an indirect impact through improving psychological wellness. Data from two specific studies, one done in Japan and the other in Switzerland did report that both suicide and aggressive behavior were impacted by color. In Tokyo, Japan, in response to the escalating suicide rates, an initiative was undertaken to situate blue LED lamps in about 71 Tokyo train stations. The installation of blue lights was nothing new in Japan and, in fact, blue lights had been installed in the streets in order to reduce crime rates. With the installation of these blue lights there was reported an 84% decrease in suicides. A Swiss study, conducted in a prison, sought to evaluate which colors decreased aggression amongst inmates, specifically male inmates. In order to do so, certain Swiss prisons were painted in a pink color in order to target inmates’ “masculinity.” There was a specific shade of pink from this study which was deemed to be the most effective and it was named ‘Cool Down Pink.’ The methods used to quantify inmate aggression were blood pressure and physical observations. By using the color pink, these Swiss prisons were able to decrease aggression amongst their inmates. Conclusions Based on limited research, it appears that color may have a psychological impact on an individual. Although no studies have addressed color and sexual wellness, if psychological wellness is improved, it follows that sexual dysfunction may also improve. The color blue from the Tokyo study infers that this color may reduce depression or even stress and allow for a calm feeling in the mind. When taking sexual dysfunction into account, it follows that if couples incorporate more blue into their areas of intimacy, that sexual function may improve though decreasing anxiety, stress, or depression. Color in areas of intimacy is an area that should be furthered explored, as bedroom color may positively impact sexual function. Disclosure

Unintended consequences of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions for the COVID-19 response in Africa: experiences from DRC, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda

IntroductionThe coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic is one of the most terrifying disasters of the twenty-first century. The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to control the spread of the disease had numerous positive consequences. However, there were also unintended consequences—positively or negatively related to the nature of the interventions, the target, the level and duration of implementation. This article describes the unintended economic, Psychosocial and environmental consequences of NPIs in four African countries.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods study in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda. A comprehensive conceptual framework, supported by a clear theory of change was adopted to encompass both systemic and non-systemic interventions. The data collection approaches included: (i) review of literature; (ii) analysis of secondary data for selected indicators; and (ii) key informant interviews with policy makers, civil society, local leaders, and law enforcement staff. The results were synthesized around thematic areas.ResultsOver the first six to nine months of the pandemic, NPIs especially lockdowns, travel restrictions, curfews, school closures, and prohibition of mass gathering resulted into both positive and negative unintended consequences cutting across economic, psychological, and environmental platforms. DRC, Nigeria, and Uganda observed reduced crime rates and road traffic accidents, while Uganda also reported reduced air pollution. In addition, hygiene practices have improved through health promotion measures that have been promoted for the response to the pandemic. All countries experienced economic slowdown, job losses heavily impacting women and poor households, increased sexual and gender-based violence, teenage pregnancies, and early marriages, increased poor mental health conditions, increased waste generation with poor disposal, among others.ConclusionDespite achieving pandemic control, the stringent NPIs had several negative and few positive unintended consequences. Governments need to balance the negative and positive consequences of NPIs by anticipating and instituting measures that will support and protect vulnerable groups especially the poor, the elderly, women, and children. Noticeable efforts, including measures to avoid forced into marriage, increasing inequities, economic support to urban poor; those living with disabilities, migrant workers, and refugees, had been conducted to mitigate the negative effects of the NIPs.

ANALISIS KLASIFIKASI KASUS TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DENGAN POHON KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5 (STUDI KASUS POLSEK TELANAIPURA)

Telanaipura Sector Police is the Republic of Indonesia's Police command structure at the sub-district level in Jambi Province. In the criminal investigation department, the telecommunication sector in processing criminal data is still done manually assisted with Microsoft Word so that the processing of the data has not been properly processed in order to carry out data analysis, evaluation and profiling of data on the increasing number and extent of crime. extensively. The aim of reducing crime rates is that it needs to be built web-based applications and tested using WEKA applications to help process and analyze data using data mining techniques using the decision tree method. In analyzing the data using the age, time, place of occurrence, crime decision tree as an attribute of the case and article theft as a class. In making this prediction application, the PHP and HTML programming languages ​​are used. And using databases using MYSQL and in analyzing using Microsoft Excel and WEKA. The data inputted is in the form of data on the offender, violation data and admin data. The attributes that are inputted in the WEKA application are attributes of age, time, place of occurrence, and crime and articles of violation as a class. The output generated from the WEKA application is in the form of rules or rules from the decision tree while the output generated by the web-based prediction interface results in article violation classes and generates reports on the perpetrator's actions, the number of crimes, crimes per period and per violation article. With the Mining Data Prediction Interface Criminal Classification on the Police of the Jambi Telecommunication Sector Using the Decision Tree Method Can Help the Telanaipura Jambi Sector Police in evaluating and profiling criminal offenders.

Detecting Harmful Activity in Hajj Plagiarism Using Deep Learning

CCTV surveillance is the most extensively used intelligent latest innovation. The use of surveillance cameras has risen dramatically because of the convenience of monitoring from anywhere and the reduction of crime rates in public areas. In this paper, we introduce the idea of bad vibe activity detection from live videos to enhance the security and safety of pilgrims. The proposed bad vibes activity recognition model is intended to be addressed in the most efficient manner possible using cutting-edge technologies such as TensorFlow and Keras. TensorFlow was chosen because the project could be deployed to a mobile environment in the future with the possibility of extension of other areas such as airport security, bus stain, and public areas that may deserve special attention for security checks. We choose MediaPipe Holistic for employee bad vibe recognition in the model.
 

Revisiting the economic theory of crime A state-level analysis in India

The economic theory of crime tends to suggest that deterrence variables have a significant impact on crime rates in a society. From an economic perspective, criminals are rational economic agents who weigh the likelihood of being arrested and apprehended before committing a crime. An increase in the likelihood of arrest and apprehension should deter criminals as it increases the expected costs of committing crimes. This paper revisits the behavioral links between deterrence variables and crime rates in the Indian context. Empirically, we draw on state level data for India in 2001–2014 and employ the system GMM estimator technique to support our claims. The study reports that deterrence factors (probability of arrest and apprehension) have a perverse impact on India’s crime rates. The paper reveals that an increase in the probability of deterrence variables does not lead to a reduction in crime rates, indicating a fundamental flaw in India’s corrective mechanisms. The research recommends penal system reform in order to accurately reconfigure the behavioral links between deterrence variables and crime rates.