Reduction In Band Gap Energy Research Articles

Partial magnetic ion substitution of BiFeO3 Multiferroic photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water splitting

BiFeO 3 as a p-type photocatalyst in BiFeO 3 –CdWO 4 p-n heterojunction was modified by partial substitution of divalent Co 2+ and Ni 2+ at Fe-site to enhance the photocatalytic performance for H 2 evolution from pure water splitting. At high impurity concentrations, XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed a phase transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic/tetragonal with higher crystal symmetry due to larger ionic radii of Co 2+ and Ni 2+ relative to that of Fe 3+ . The excess amount of impurities also resulted in the formation of nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ), cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ), sillenite (Bi 25 FeO 40 ) and mullite (Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 ) as secondary phases. The high resolution XPS spectra of O 1s and Fe 2p indicted that the concentration of oxygen vacancy and Fe 2+ : Fe 3+ increased with doping BiFeO 3 , which is due to the structural distortion and defection. Moreover, magnetic property of BiFeO 3 was promoted by Co and Ni doping so that the residual magnetization increased from 0.009 emu/g up to 0.061 and 0.068 emu/g by 9 mol.% doping of Ni and Co, respectively. The enhanced magnetism can be attributed to the net magnetic moment caused by different magnetic moment of Fe 3+ , Co 2+ and Ni 2+ as well as the structural defection that may be a reason for spin spiral suppression. Doping with Co and Ni led to reducing band gap energy, suppression of charge recombination, and increment of charge density and mobility. The efficiency of photocatalytic H 2 evolution increased from 268.9 μmol/h gcat by pure BFO up to 449.6 and 494.7 μmol/h gcat by 9 mol.% Ni and Co doping, respectively. • BiFeO 3 was modified by substitution of Fe 3+ with larger divalent Co 2+ and Ni 2+ . • Crystal distortion and phase transition were revealed by XRD and Raman analyses. • Magnetic property was modified as a result of crystal distortion. • Charge recombination was efficiently suppressed by Co and Ni doping. • Photocatalytic H 2 evolution was boosted by 9 mol.% Co and Ni doping.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanowires by substituting noble metal particles with reduced graphene oxide

Noble metal particles have been embedded in semiconductors to improve photocatalysis efficiently, but the high cost made this approach difficult to apply widely in industry. Herein titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/rGO) nanowires in a core-shell structure were prepared. The physicochemical properties and photocatalytic performance of the specimen were characterized in comparison with TiO2 and TiO2/Pt nanowires. The rGO layer and Pt nanoparticles increased chemical states of the components, reduced bandgap energy of the nanowires, enhanced visible light absorption, improved conductance and capacitance significantly. The methylene blue as catalyzed by TiO2/Pt and TiO2/rGO nanowires was degraded to 7.9% and 8.4% in an hour, but retained 25.7% by the TiO2 nanowires. The properties and function of TiO2/rGO nanowires were close to those of TiO2/Pt nanowires, while the rGO price was much lower than that of Pt, which was of great significance for the photocatalytic application of TiO2 heterojunction materials in industry.

Siliceous termite hill supported ZnO-TiO2 as a solar light responsive photocatalyst: Synthesis, characterization and performance in degradation of methylene blue dye

Colored contaminants in wastewater need to be removed prior to discharge due to their negative impacts on public health and the environment. Herein, immobilized TiO2 on termite hill (TiO2/TH) and ZnO-promoted TiO2/TH (ZnO-TiO2/TH) were synthesized, evaluated by different characterization techniques (XRF, XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis DRS, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and SEM), and the possibility of using them as photocatalysts for methylene blue (MB) degradation under solar irradiation investigated. The influence of photocatalytic reaction parameters (initial MB concentration, photocatalyst dosage and solution pH) was studied at fixed irradiation time. XRD and SEM results, among other analyses revealed successful incorporation of ZnO and TiO2 on structured support (TH), while UV-Vis analysis affirmed reduction in band gap energy due to immobilizing effect. The optimized photocatalytic degradation variables were 50 mg/L dye concentration, 1.2 g/L photocatalyst dosage and 6.0 pH. The ZnO-TiO2/TH showed better photoactivity for MB degradation than TiO2/TH under the same conditions which could be attributed to a reduction in band gap energy from 2.94 eV to 2.85 eV upon addition of ZnO. More than 80% degradation efficiency was achieved after the 7th cycle, depicting better stability. A pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with a rate constant of 0.0774 min−1 and R2 of 0.9971 at optimum dye concentration (50 mg/L) appeared to best describe the photocatalytic degradation kinetic data. The UV-Vis spectra changes and decrease in total organic carbon indicated that ZnO-TiO2/TH photocatalyst has the prospect to degrade organic pollutants in industrial effluent completely.

Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides into Nanocomposites: A Review.

The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has significantly impacted the environment and human health, as these pollutants are inadequately disposed of into water bodies. In addition, pesticides can cause adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals due to their incomplete removal from the aqueous medium by conventional wastewater treatments. Therefore, processes such as heterogeneous photocatalysis and adsorption by nanocomposites have received special attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and ability to degrade and remove several organic pollutants, including pesticides. This report reviews the use of nanocomposites in pesticide adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from aqueous solutions. A bibliographic search was performed using the ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), and Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) indexes, using Boolean logic and the following descriptors: “pesticide degradation” AND “photocatalysis” AND “nanocomposites”; “nanocomposites” AND “pesticides” AND “adsorption”. The search was limited to research article documents in the last ten years (from January 2012 to June 2022). The results made it possible to verify that the most dangerous pesticides are not the most commonly degraded/removed from wastewater. At the same time, the potential of the supported nanocatalysts and nanoadsorbents in the decontamination of wastewater-containing pesticides is confirmed once they present reduced bandgap energy, which occurs over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, due to the great affinity of the supported nanocatalysts with pesticides, better charge separation, high removal, and degradation values are reported for these organic compounds. Thus, the class of the nanocomposites investigated in this work, magnetic or not, can be characterized as suitable nanomaterials with potential and unique properties useful in heterogeneous photocatalysts and the adsorption of pesticides.

Transient absorption study on Red Vermilion darkening in presence of chlorine ions and after UV exposure

The application of no destructive techniques in the field of Cultural Heritage is becoming fundamental to understanding degradation phenomena. In this study, Transient Absorption (TA) spectroscopy was exploited to explain the process which causes the darkening of Red Vermilion, a famous pigment known also as cinnabar. The optical properties involved in the process are studied in pure HgS and chlorine doped HgS samples, before and after exposure to UV light (365 nm). The study was carried out with particular attention on the ground state bleaching signals, directly connected to the formation of intra-gap trap levels responsible for the pigment degradation. First derivative reflectance spectra reveal the presence of these defectivities, while the analysis of Tauc plots from Kubelka Munk function confirms the reduction of energy band gap due to UV exposure. With the help of Density Functional calculations, we simulated the role of S vacancies in producing a defective alpha-phase, the consequent reduction of the energy band gap and, finally, the progressive phase transformation to the cubic metacinnabar. Transient Absorption turns out to be an important tool of diagnosis about the conservation state of pigments applied in the field of Cultural Heritage.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green using manganese oxide doped graphene oxide/zinc oxide (GO-ZnO/Mn2O3) ternary composite under sunlight irradiation.

In this work, photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye using manganese oxide doped graphene oxide/zinc oxide (GO-ZnO/Mn2O3) ternary composite under sunlight irradiation is studied. GO-ZnO/Mn2O3 is a novel composite, which is non-toxic and of low cost prepared by the conventional solvothermal route. The synthesized composite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis. DRS), and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution. The GO-ZnO/Mn2O3 composite has a moderately large surface area of 75.35m2/g and bandgap energy of 1.6eV. Due to more pollutants adsorbed onto the photocatalyst surface and the reduction in bandgap energy, resulted less recombination rate and shifted the light absorption into the visible region to effectively utilize the sunlight and enhanced degradation of 98.75% is achieved within 30min of sunlight irradiation for GO-ZnO/Mn2O3 composite. Using various scavengers, the main oxidizing radicals for the degradation of MG dye are identified as hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide radical (•O2-). The synthesized composite is stable and reproducible as after five successful cycles, there was a small reduction in its degradation efficiency of 11.65%. Keywords: Graphene oxide; Photocatalyst; Malachite green; Bandgap; Scavengers.

Preparation and photocatalytic H2 production property of graphene oxide/CdS/single crystal ZnO nanorod ternary hybrids

In order to further improve the photocatalytic H2 production ability of CdS/single crystal ZnO nanorod heterostructure (CZ), graphene oxide/CdS/single crystal ZnO nanorod hybrid (GCZ) were synthesized by microwave-assisted co-precipitation method, and the influence of graphene oxide (GO) content on the properties of ternary materials was tested. Experimental results exhibit that GO further enhance the photocatalytic H2 production capacity of CZ material. When GO wt% is 2.91%, the as-prepared products have the best photocatalytic H2 production capacity, which its average H2 production rate is 6.511 mmol g−1 h−1. The enhancement for H2 production capacity benefits from increasing specific surface area, reducing bandgap energy of ZnO and accelerating the migration rate of photo-induced carriers due to the superior property of GO and building efficient heterojunction between ZnO and CdS.

Enhancement of photoelectrochemical activity by Ag coating on black TiO2 nanoparticles

This work reports the effect of Ag coating on black TiO2 nanoparticles for photoelectrochemical activity. Black TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a vacuum and an ambient atmosphere at low temperatures. Ag nanoparticles were then coated on the black TiO2 using a wet-chemical method. Decreased bandgap energy of 1.89 and 2.28 eV was achieved for the black TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized in vacuum and air, respectively, along with the increase in visible light absorption. The reduced bandgap energy and black color were attributed to the formation of surface oxygen vacancies, which lead to a crystalline core/amorphous shell structure. The visible light absorption was further enhanced by Ag coating, which resulted in the enhancement of photoelectrochemical activity by 7.87 and 9.39 times compared to that of black TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized in vacuum and air, respectively. The possible mechanism for this enhancement in the photoelectrochemical activity of the Ag-coated black TiO2 is explained.

Photocatalytic Activities of Siliceous Termite Hill‐Based Composites in Dye Degradation

Herein, ZnO/termite hill (ZnO-TH) and TiO2/termite hill (TiO2-TH) composites were prepared, characterized by various techniques, and tested in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under solar irradiation. Increased surface area, formation of ZnO and TiO2 on the TH surface, dominance of active surface functional groups, and reduced bandgap energy all contributed to the outstanding performance of the photocatalysts, as validated by the characterization results. The degradation of MB dye in aqueous solution followed the pseudo-first-order approximation of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Experimental apparent rate constants revealed that TiO2-TH is 1.5 times more efficient for MB degradation than ZnO-TH.

Synthesis of TiC@C-anatase/rutile@polyvinyl alcohol/xylan: a powerful photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant under visible light.

In this study, a composite bearing titanium carbide (TiC), titanium dioxide (TiO2), polyvinyl alcohol and xylan (TiC@C-anatase/rutile@polyvinyl alcohol/xylan) was synthesized and applied as a photocatalyst for the degradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) solution through several steps. Nanostructure of TiC and TiO2 in the anatase and rutile phases was obtained through heat treatment of TiC at different times and temperatures (TiC@AR) which led to a reduction in energy bandgap from UV to visible light, in addition to the enhancement of the surface activity. After TiC@AR polymerization by xylan and polyvinyl alcohol and obtaining TiC@AR/PX, the energy bandgap reduced to IR range (52% of the sunlight) while showing an enhancement in the surface activity. The photocatalytic activity of the compounds was tested by studying the decomposition of BPB solution under visible light. The result illustrated the ability of TiC and TiC@AR to decrease the concentration of BPB after 150 min by 35% and 37%, respectively, while this reduction was 72% for TiC@AR/PX. Considering the effective parameters, the energy bandgap and the surface layer played key roles in photocatalytic degradation.

Photo-Oxidation of Glycerol Catalyzed by Cu/TiO2

In the present study, glycerol was oxidized by photocatalysis to glyceraldehyde, formaldehyde, and formic acid. Copper-doped TiO2 was synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly approach and it was used as catalyst during the glycerol photo-oxidation reactions. The prepared mesoporous material exhibited high specific surface area (242 m2/g) and band gap energy reduction of 2.55 eV compared to pure titania (3.2 eV) by the synthesis method due to the presence of copper cations (Cu2+ identified by XPS). The catalyst showed only anatase crystalline phase with nanocrystals around 8 nm and irregular agglomerates below 100 μm. The selectivity and formation rate of the products were favored towards formaldehyde and glyceraldehyde. The variables studied were catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and initial glycerol concentration. The response surface analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the variables on the product’s concentration. The optimized conditions were 0.4 g/L catalyst, 0.1 mol/L glycerol, and temperature 313.15 K. The response values under optimal conditions were 3.23, 8.17, and 1.15 mM for glyceraldehyde, formaldehyde, and formic acid, respectively. A higher selectivity towards formaldehyde was observed when visible light was used as the radiation source. This study is useful to evaluate the best reaction conditions towards value-added products during the oxidation of glycerol by photocatalysis using Cu/TiO2.

Influence of varying molar concentration on the properties of electrochemically-deposited zirconium-doped ZnSe thin films

The effects of molar concentration on ZnSe and Zr-doped ZnSe thin films were studied after successful synthesis by electrochemical technique. 0.1 M zinc tetraoxosulphate (VI) heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) and 0.1 M selenium powder respectively served as the cationic and anionic precursors while 0.1 mol% of zirconium oxidchlorid (ZrOCl2·8H2O) was used as the dopant. The morphology, structure, elemental, light response, and electrical features of the samples were studied. The films exhibited uniform distribution of spherical balls with crystalline peaks at (220), (221), (300), and (310) planes. The elemental composition of the film confirmed the deposition of as-synthesized elements. Improved optical characteristics and reduced band gap energies of the films from 2.4 eV to 2.0 eV were gotten upon the addition of zirconium. Electrical results showed increased material conductivity at increasing dopant percentages. The synthesized materials are potentially applied in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.

Visible-light photooxidation of ciprofloxacin utilizing metal oxide incorporated sol-gel processed La-doped NaTaO3 nanoparticles: A comparative study

The supper dissemination of antibiotic waste in water resources has exponentially progressed the vital water and soil pollution that affect human health and the environment. Consequently, there have been several types of research anticipated for the green mineralization of such pollutants. Herein, we intended a surfactant-aided sol-gel formation of lanthanum-doped sodium tantalate (LNTO) nanocrystals. The synthesized 13 nm averaged-size perovskite LNTO nanocrystals were responsive to visible-light irradiation by incorporation of 4.4–5.2 nm oxide nanoparticles, namely Bi2O3, CdO, Fe2O3, and CuO at 4.0 wt% through coprecipitation. The formed nanomaterials unveiled mesostructured surface textures with specific surface areas of 199–229 m2 g−1. The obtained nanoceramics were employed for the mineralization of 10 ppm of ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CPF) as an emerging antibiotic waste in water under visible light irradiation. The CuO-incorporated LNTO exhibited the best photocatalytic oxidation of CPF after 120 min compared with other oxides with an excellent photoreaction rate of 0.0343 min−1 which is 49 times higher than the pure LNTO. The 2.0 gL−1 CuO/LNTO-dose achieved the full photooxidation of CPF at an oxidation speed of 0.0738 min −1 within just 1.0 h of visible light irradiation and magnificent regeneration ability. This enhanced activity of CuO/LNTO is regarded as significant light absorption and a bandgap energy reduction to 2.12 eV. Besides that, the heterojunction between CuO and LNTO amended the photogenerated carrier mobility and separation as concluded from the photoluminescence and photocurrent exploration. This comparative work suggests the proper design of low bandgap oxide decoration of solution-based perovskite oxide photocatalysts for promoting the visible-light mineralization of antibiotics in water.

Synthesis of NiFe2O4/TiO2-Ag+ S-scheme photocatalysts by a novel complex-assisted vapor thermal method for photocatalytic hydrogen production

This work aims to design and develop a photocatalyst with the main three properties: i) reduced bandgap for solar activation of the photocatalyst, ii) retarded e- / h+ recombination rate for the enhanced photocatalytic activity, iii) magnetic separability from the reaction medium. In this study, NiFe2O4/TiO2-Ag+ photocatalysts were synthesized to modify the structural properties of TiO2. Firstly, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a conventional co-precipitation method, then in the presence of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, TiO2 was synthesized by a novel complex-assisted vapor thermal (VT) method via slow hydrolysis of Ti-complex. After the best wt% amount of NiFe2O4 in the NiFe2O4/TiO2 had been determined for photocatalytic activity, Ag+ was added by wet-impregnation. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL), vibrating sample magnetometer analysis (VSM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Photocatalytic hydrogen production reactions were carried out in methanol/water solution under solar light illumination. Consequently, the best configuration of the photocatalyst was determined as 12 wt% NiFe2O4/TiO2-0.5 wt% Ag+ (12NFT-0.50Ag+) which had shown the maximum hydrogen (H2) production rate as 137 µmol/g-cat after 5 h owing to its reduced bandgap energy and delayed e- / h+ recombination.

New Approach for Designing Zinc Oxide Nanohybrids to Be Effective Photocatalysts for Water Purification in Sunlight.

Water pollution and deficient energy are the main challenges for the scientific society across the world. In this trend, new approaches include designing zinc oxide nanohybrids to be very active in sunlight. In this line, organic and magnetic species intercalate among the nanolayers of Al/Zn to build inorganic-magnetic-organic nanohybrid structures. A series of nanolayered and nanohybrid structures have been prepared through intercalating very fine particles of cobalt iron oxide nanocomposites and long chains of organic fatty acids such as n-capric acid and stearic acid inside the nanolayered structures of Al/Zn. By thermal treatment, zinc oxide nanohybrids have been prepared and used for purifying water from colored pollutants using solar energy. The optical measurements have shown that the nanohybrid structure of zinc oxide leads to a clear reduction of band gap energy from 3.30 eV to 2.60 eV to be effective in sunlight. In this line, a complete removal of the colored pollutants (naphthol green B) was achieved after ten minutes in the presence of zinc oxide nanohybrid and sunlight. Finally, this new approach for designing photoactive nanohybrids leads to positive results for facing the energy- and water-related problems through using renewable and non-polluting energy for purifying water.

Effect of urea on arrangement of novel Mg(II) perrhenate crystal structures and their optical properties: Experimental and theoretical insight

Three Mg(II) perrhenate complexes were synthesized in aqueous solution and the crystal structures of neutral Mg(H2O)2(ReO4)2 (1) and two novel ionic complexes with urea (OC(NH2)2, (U)), [Mg(H2O)2(U)4](ReO4)2 (2) and [Mg(U)6](ReO4)2 (3) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds were examined by DTA-TG-MS analysis, FT-infrared and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Detailed analysis of bond order, vibrational and optical spectra, and density of states was performed by periodic PAW/PBE calculations. The calculated free energies showed increased stability of 1, 2 and 3 with a higher number of U, which correlates with the largest covalent contribution in Mg-Ou bond, the highest melting point and optimal thermal resistance of 3. The inclusion of urea expanded UV absorption range up to 395 ​nm, as a result of higher energy valence bands and reduced band gap energy. Above this range, the crystals are characterized by a wide transparency window and improved optical properties.

Seed-free synthesis of ZnO nanorods through egg white/glycerol medium for photocatalyst applications

In this present work, zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) were synthesized using a simple, inexpensive, seed-free sol-gel method. Three different glycerol concentrations were used as coordinators for the morphologically controlled growth of ZnO NRs in the protein (egg white) medium. The impact of different glycerol concentrations on the structural and optical properties of nanostructures was investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. The obtained XRD patterns showed hexagonal wurtzite structures for ZnO NRs and exhibited a remarkable change along the (002) plane. The ZnO NRs related to the utilization of 2 mL glycerol exhibited the crystallite size of 53.12 nm, diameter size of about 55 nm, energy bandgap of 2.75 eV, and BET surface area (10.68 m2 g−1), which exhibited remarkably superior photoconductivity and photoluminescence at room temperature under sunlight irradiation in comparison to P25-TiO2 as criterion sample material. The enhancement of the photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of mesoporous structure, increased surface area, reduced energy band gap, extended solar light utilization, and surface modification of ZnO NRs. This present work provides a simple, high-performance, and seed-free approach to the large-scale production of ZnO photocatalyst for water treatment applications.

Theoretical study of the structure-activity relationship of the S-shaped acceptor molecules for organic solar cell applications

The introduction of a bridge element to covalently ring-lock the neighboring aryl or heteroaryl groups connected by a single bond has led to a variety of fascinating multifused ladder-type structures. Here, we have designed a new series of 2H-pyran containing tetracyclic dithienocyclopentapyran compounds (MMA1 to MMA3). Long conjugation at end-capped of designed systems enhances the power conversion efficiencies of non-fullerene-containing organic solar cells. Different geometric parameters of designed systems have been examined through density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. Designed molecules expressed high absorption maxima values with a reduced energy bandgap. Open circuit voltage along with transition density matrix analysis recommended that charge transfer occurs from lower energy orbitals to higher energy orbitals. Reorganization energy analysis also suggested high charge mobility occurs from donor polymer to acceptor molecules. Results of all parameters advocated that designed molecules are potential candidates for high-performance organic solar cells.

Boosting the Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO through the Incorporation of N-Doped for Wastewater Treatment

In the present work, we prepared N-doped ZnO by a facile chemical vapor deposition method and used it for the degradation of wastewater containing noxious rose bengal (RB) dye under visible-light stimulation. The as-prepared N-doped ZnO and the undoped ZnO (used as a control sample) were characterized by numerous spectroscopic and microscopic methods. These analyzing results confirmed the successful formation of the N-doped ZnO compound and it could be implemented for wastewater treatment. Interestingly, the N-doped ZnO material confirmed the maximum RB dye degradation efficiency (96.90%) and was shown to be 154% more efficient than undoped ZnO (62.95%) within 100 min of visible-light irradiation. The bandgap energy was considerably decreased after the incorporation of N onto the ZnO matrix compared to undoped ZnO. The improved photocatalytic performance is because of the reduction of bandgap energy, which suppressed the electron–hole pair recombination. In addition, a plausible photodegradation mechanism of RB dye was discussed employing N-doped ZnO under visible light. The findings show that our as-synthesized product can be used to eliminate contaminants, which provides a new avenue for effective implications.

Effects of temperature and ph variations on electrochemically-deposited zirconium-doped zinc selenide thin films

Zinc selenide materials doped with zirconium were successfully synthesized by electrochemical deposition at different temperature and pH variations. The morphology, structure, composition of elements, behavior in light, and electrical characteristics of the synthesized materials were obtained through the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer, and a four-point probe device respectively. The morphology and structure of the films showed nanoclusters and crystalline features. The basic elemental constituents of the synthesized films were revealed. High absorbance and electrically conductive nature of the samples were also observed, alongside reducing band gap energy values at decreasing temperature values and increasing pH values. The synthesized zinc selenide films find potential applications in optical and photovoltaic devices.