Reduce Electricity Generation Research Articles

Conditions for economic efficiency of latent heat thermal energy storage systems at nuclear power plants

In conditions of uneven schedules of electricity consumption and construction of power plants using renewable energy sources, nuclear power plants will participate in regulating the unevenness of daily energy consumption. At the same time, nuclear power plants have high economic feasibility of operating with a maximum installed capacity utilization factor due to significant capital investments at a relatively low fuel price. The use of nuclear power plants to cover uneven energy consumption will reduce the possibility of a return on investment, which will only be realized with greatly inflated capacity charges. At the same time, the annual operating costs will increase significantly. A possible decrease in the economic efficiency of a nuclear power plant is due to the fact that, at the request of the system operator of the energy system, the NPP will be to reduce electricity generation during off-peak hours or sell electricity on the market at significantly lower prices. In this regard, the problem of increasing economic efficiency of nuclear power plants under conditions of uneven daily energy consumption becomes particularly relevant. The solution to the problem could be the accumulation of excess energy and its subsequent use. Previously, the authors developed a method of additional redundancy of auxiliary needs of nuclear power plants based on the use of low-power steam turbines. In the present paper, schemes for increasing efficiency of using low-power steam turbines at nuclear power plants when regulating the load unevenness in the power system using thermal energy storage systems based on the latent heat thermal energy storage are developed. The design characteristics of the accumulator as part of a nuclear power plant are determined to ensure operation of the heat storage system throughout the entire period of energy consumption. In this research, the lithium nitrate was considered as a phase change material. The technical and system conditions under which the maximum economic effect is achieved have been determined. The boundary conditions under which a return on investment is achieved are shown.

Techno-economic Comparative Analysis of Floating/On-Ground Solar PV System for Electrification of Gilgel Gibe I Auxiliary Load in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is well endowed with solar energy resources with daily average radiation ranging from 4.5 to 7.5 kWh/m2/day. The significant electricity consumption of the country is reliant on hydropower. This dependence on hydropower makes the country susceptible to weather and climate changes, such as droughts, which can lead to reduced water levels in hydropower reservoir and reduced electricity generation. The application of solar floating photovoltaic (FPV) in the existing hydro reservoir would provide solar electric power to support hydropower generation especially during dry periods, and decrease evaporation losses. This implementation also has the cascading effect of increasing the solar power generation from the PV system by reducing the panel temperature through efficiency gain while saving the land requirement for installing the same PV system. Especially for countries like Ethiopia where agriculture is the key source of economy, optimal usage of land is very important. Thus, in this research, a techno-economic comparative analysis of 4MW Grid-tied FPV and ground-mounted PV system on Gilgel gibe I reservoir in Ethiopia for supplying the auxiliary load of the generation plant is done. The results showed that the proposed FPV system has 6.9% more electricity generating capacity than land-mounted PV system and saves 74,400m3 of water from evaporation annually. The FPV plant will also save the land cost burden, and results the levelized cost of energy (COE) 0.043$/kWh, which is 15.7 % less than land-mounted PV systems. In another way, the proposed FPV system indicated a positive impact on the environment by reducing 993 tons of greenhouse gas emission annually. Thus this research results will offer a clear directions for the concerned stockholders to implement FPV technology on the Ethiopian hydro reservoirs.

Economic and financial consequences of water risks: The case of hydropower

Reduced water availability poses risks for many economic activities. This paper studies how water risks affect hydroelectricity generation in Europe and the US and whether these risks are priced in by financial markets. To this end, we build a novel dataset for the period 2015–2022, which combines plant-specific hydroelectricity generation with geo-specific water physical risks and equity returns. We find that water risks, measured using model-based aggregate water risk metrics as well as precipitation anomalies, are significantly associated with reduced electricity generation, although the effect disappears after two months. We then link the power plants in our sample to the equity returns of their owners to investigate whether financial markets adequately price water risks. Using a portfolio sorts approach, we find weak evidence of a negative risk premium. Given the real negative effect of water risks on generation, we conclude that the lack of a positive risk premium amounts to mispricing of water risks by financial markets.

Power generation characteristics of vertical bifacial photovoltaic arrays in heavy snow regions

Conventional tilted photovoltaic systems often experience reduced electricity generation and potential damage due to snow accumulation. In contrast, vertical bifacial photovoltaic systems demonstrate greater resilience against snow-related damage, making them particularly suitable for snowy regions. This study explores the electricity generation characteristics of vertical bifacial photovoltaic systems in areas where snow depths exceed 1 meter, through both experimental and simulation analyses. Experiments conducted on a vertical bifacial system over two winter seasons showed no signs of damage or breakage. Additionally, during snowy periods, the power generation ratio relative to global horizontal irradiance increased by 55%, primarily due to irradiance reflected from the snow surface. However, this gain was offset by a 17% decrease due to partial shading by snow. Furthermore, integrating ray tracing with electrical circuit analysis revealed that implementing separate maximum power point tracking for the upper and lower sections of a single-row vertical bifacial photovoltaic array could alleviate losses in electricity generation caused by deep snow covering the photovoltaic cells. This study advances our understanding of the impact of snow on the power generation of vertical bifacial photovoltaic systems in heavy-snow regions and is expected to contribute to the development of more efficient designs in the future.

Thermal performance of three concentrating collectors with bifacial photovoltaic cells part I – Experimental and computational fluid dynamics study

Bifacial photovoltaic cells can produce electricity from incoming solar radiation on both sides. These cells have a strong potential to reduce electricity generation costs and may play an important role in the energy system of the future. However, today, these cells are mostly deployed with one side receiving only ground reflection, which leads to a profound sub-optimal utilization of one of the sides of the bifacial cells. Concentration allows a better usage of the potential of bifacial cells, which can lead to a lower cost per kWh. However, concentration also adds complexity due to the higher temperatures reached which add the requirement of cooling in order to achieve higher outputs. This way, this paper focuses on the effectiveness of forced air circulation methods by comparing the thermal performance of three specific concentrating bi-facial collector designs. This paper developed a computational model, using ANSYS Fluent intending to assess the thermal performance of a covered concentrating collector with bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) cells. These results have then been validated by outdoor measurements. Results show that even a simple natural ventilation mechanism such as removing the side gable can effectively reduce the receiver temperature, thus resulting in favourable cell operation conditions when compared to the case of an airtight collector. Therefore, compared with a standard model, a decrease of 13.5% on the cell operating temperature was reported when the side gables are removed. However, when forced ventilation is apllied a 22.8% reduction on temperature is found compared to the standard air-tight model. The validated CFD model has proven to be a useful and robust tool for the thermal analysis of solar concentrating systems.

Investigating Winter Temperatures in Sweden and Norway: Potential Relationships with Climatic Indices and Effects on Electrical Power and Energy Systems

This paper presents a comprehensive study of winter temperatures in Norway and northern Sweden, covering a period of 50 to 70 years. The analysis utilizes Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to investigate temperature trends at six selected locations. The results demonstrate an overall long-term rise in temperatures, which can be attributed to global warming. However, when investigating variations in highest, lowest, and average temperatures for December, January, and February, 50% of the cases exhibit a significant decrease in recent years, indicating colder winters, especially in December. The study also explores the variations in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variations as a crucial climate factor over the last 15 years, estimating a possible 20% decrease/slowdown within the first half of the 21st century. Subsequently, the study investigates potential similarities between winter AMOC and winter temperatures in the mid to high latitudes over the chosen locations. Additionally, the study examines another important climatic index, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and explores possible similarities between the winter NAO index and winter temperatures. The findings reveal a moderate observed lagged correlation for AMOC-smoothed temperatures, particularly in December, along the coastal areas of Norway. Conversely, a stronger lagged correlation is observed between the winter NAO index and temperatures in northwest Sweden and coastal areas of Norway. Thus, NAO may influence both AMOC and winter temperatures (NAO drives both AMOC and temperatures). Furthermore, the paper investigates the impact of colder winters, whether caused by AMOC, NAO, or other factors like winds or sea ice changes, on electrical power and energy systems, highlighting potential challenges such as reduced electricity generation, increased electricity consumption, and the vulnerability of power grids to winter storms. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of enhancing the knowledge of electrical engineering researchers regarding important climate indices, AMOC and NAO, the possible associations between them and winter temperatures, and addressing the challenges posed by the likelihood of colder winters in power systems.

An Orthogonal Learning Bird Swarm Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow Problems

A dominant statistical method, in which the best combination of factors’ levels are predicted by analyzing a few representative combinations of factors’ levels named as orthogonal experimental design (OED). The OED is an effective approach for analyzing the effect of multi-levels factors simultaneously and it works on orthogonal learning (OL) strategy. An evolutionary programming based heuristic method has two contradictory features such as exploration and exploitation, balancing in these features have significant impact on its optimization performance. We have applied an OED based auxiliary search strategy for enhancing performance of the bird swarm algorithm (BSA) by improving its exploitation search ability. It is a challenging task to keep balance among two contradictory features – exploration and exploitation of a heuristic approach, while addressing optimal power flow (OPF) problems in power systems. In this research study, we have proposed improved BSA (IBSA) for solving the OPF problems in thermal power systems. We have conducted a study of the OPF problems with objective functions - reducing electricity generation cost, emission pollution, and active power loss to measure the efficiency of proposed IBSA. In this work, we have utilized five benchmark functions and solved OPF problems using three IEEE test systems including IEEE-30 bus system, IEEE-57 bus system, and IEEE-118 bus system to verify stability, effectiveness, and performance of proposed IBSA. The statistical and simulation results have indicated that the proposed IBSA has better convergence, efficiency, and robustness features than the original BSA as well as other heuristic approaches. It is observed that lowest electricity generation cost 800.3975$/h on IEEE-30 bus system, 41663.5500$/h on IEEE-57 bus system, and 134941.0367$/h on IEEE-118 bus system have been achieved using proposed IBSA to address the OPF problems. Furthermore, in transmission lines of the power system network minimum active power loss 16.2869MW has been observed by conducting a case study on the IEEE 118-bus system based on the proposed IBSA approach.

Influence of an Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC) with a pyramidal texture on a Building Integrated low-Concentration Photovoltaic (BICPV) system

Photovoltaic solar energy brings a new opportunity to reduce electricity generation costs and the emission of greenhouse gases. This generation has positioned itself as the most important for renewable energies, mainly because of its impact on generation at an industrial scale. However, in the residential sector, different strategies are proposed within the framework of the best use of the available area to reduce costs, as is the case of low-concentration photovoltaic systems. This document presents an Anti-Reflective Coating (ARC) with a pyramidal texture in two dimensions, for a V-Trough type photovoltaic concentrator, specifically for a Building Integrated low-Concentration Photovoltaic (BICPV) system to increase the light capture avoiding the energy loss caused by the rays coming from incidence angles different from the normal surface. For this, the authors propose a design methodology for the concentrator, determining the material and the geometry of the texture for the ARC and ray tracing simulations and experimentation validate the whole assembly. Finally, electrical generation data is taken in real-time, and it is observed how this texture's application positively affects the photovoltaic system's generation, increasing the normalized efficiency by more than 3 %.

Toward a Carbon-Neutral State: A Carbon–Energy–Water Nexus Perspective of China’s Coal Power Industry

Carbon neutrality is one of the most important goals for the Chinese government to mitigate climate change. Coal has long been China’s dominant energy source and accounts for more than 70–80% of its carbon emissions. Reducing the share of coal power supply and increasing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in coal power plants are the two primary efforts to reduce carbon emissions in China. However, even as energy and water consumed in CCUS are offset by reduced energy consumption from green energy transitions, there may be tradeoffs from the carbon–energy–water (CEW) nexus perspective. This paper developed a metric and tool known as the “Assessment Tool for Portfolios of Coal power production under Carbon neutral goals” (ATPCC) to evaluate the tradeoffs in China’s coal power industry from both the CEW nexus and financial profits perspectives. While most CEW nexus frameworks and practical tools focus on the CEW nexus perturbation from either an external factor or one sector from CEW, ATPCC considers the coupling effect from C(Carbon) and E(Energy) in the CEW nexus when integrating two main carbon mitigation policies. ATPCC also provides an essential systematic life cycle CEW nexus assessment tool for China’s coal power industry under carbon-neutral constraints. By applying ATPCC across different Chinese coal industry development portfolios, we illustrated potential strategies to reach a zero-emission electricity industry fueled by coal. When considering the sustainability of China’s coal industry in the future, we further demonstrate that reduced water and energy consumption results from the energy transition are not enough to offset the extra water and energy consumption in the rapid adoption of CCUS efforts. However, we acknowledge that the increased energy and water consumption is not a direct correlation to CCUS application growth nor a direct negative correlation to carbon emissions. The dual effort to implement CCUS and reduce electricity generation from coal needs a thorough understanding and concise strategy. We found that economic loss resulting from coal reduction can be compensated by the carbon market. Carbon trading has the potential to be the dominant profit-making source for China’s coal power industry. Additionally, the financial profits in China’s coal power industry are not negatively correlated to carbon emissions. Balance between the carbon market and the coal industry would lead to more economic revenues. The scenario with the most rapid reduction in coal power production combined with CCUS would be more sustainable from the CEW nexus perspective. However, when economic revenues are considered, the scenario with a moderately paced energy transition and CCUS effort would be more sustainable. Nevertheless, the ATPCC allows one to customize coal production scenarios according to the desired electricity production and emission reduction, thus making it appropriate not only for use in China but also in other coal-powered regions that face high-energy demands and carbon neutrality goals.

Resilience of hydropower plants to flow variation through the concept of flow elasticity of power: Theoretical development

Fluctuation in hydro-electricity production is primarily attributed to natural and human-induced flow variations. Reduced electricity generation because of unavailability of flow inflicts significant upward pressure on the sources and prices. Despite studies on the impact of externalities on river flow variation, there is a distinct research gap on the responsiveness of hydropower plants to change in flow. This study has introduced a novel concept of flow elasticity of power (ε) to assess the resilience of hydropower projects to flow variation. The theoretical aspect has been established for run-of-river (ROR) and storage-type (ST) cases separately and validated at two projects, one of each type, located in the Budhigandaki Basin in central Nepal. Responsiveness of hydro-projects to the topographical parameters are also dealt with here. For ROR systems, wide-ranging values of ε indicate varying levels of resilience to power generation and loss of resources. For ST projects, the response differs according to emptying, filling and ROR-equivalent phases. Furthermore, strong topographical implications on power production and its elasticity are evident. This concept of ε sets out a significant research contribution in the hydropower sector and demonstrates its possibility of direct application in projects ‘inpriori’ as well as ‘posteriori’ while planning/designing and operating/updating stages, respectively. The ε coefficient scientifically informs the planners and developers on the sensitivity of the powerplants to hydrological variations and topography ultimately benefitting the existing global challenge to minimize the loss of precious resources for sustainable hydropower development.

Day-Ahead scheduling of centralized energy storage system in electrical networks by proposed stochastic MILP-Based bi-objective optimization approach

Recently, employing environmentally-friendly devices such as Energy Storage Systems (EESs) and Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) has been one of the remarkable ways to reduce electricity generation cost as well as environmental issues. Due to the stochastic nature of injected power through the RERs resulting from variable weather conditions, serving the devices and systems to the electrical grid in order to alleviate the output fluctuations of these resources should be taken into consideration. Installation of energy storage units can be one of the applicable ways that lessens the power variations of RESs by exchanging the required real power into the network through a day. In the current paper, the day-ahead scheduling of ESS in the presence of wind farm uncertainty has been obtained by implementing the proposed stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based bi-objective optimization approach. The suggested objective functions are the daily electricity generation cost and emission pollutants released through the thermal power plants. Based on the presented framework, a simultaneous cost-emission minimization scheme is carried out by deriving Pareto optimal solutions by epsilon-constraint technique. It is noteworthy that one strategy is required to determine optimal ESS operation according to the decision maker's point of view. Thus, the Fuzzy satisfying method as a selection criterion has been exploited to obtain the appropriate solution by compromising between the objective functions. The case study is the IEEE-30BUS system. According to simulation results derived from implementing the proposed framework, it has been concluded that during off-peak periods of the day, the hourly electricity generation cost and emission are increased. On the other hand, the hourly cost and emission have been reduced during on-peak hours. The daily cost and emission are reduced by employing the energy storage unit. Moreover, peak-shaving and peak-shifting resulting from the suitable ESS operation are illustrated in this paper.

Limitation of voltage reversal in the degradation of azo dye by a stacked double-anode microbial fuel cell and characterization of the microbial community structure

In this study, two double-anode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were connected in series for degradation of the azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B. After the series connection, the electricity generation of one of the MFCs decreased, and the other was not affected too much. Due to the special structure in the double-anode MFC reduced the imbalanced performance between the MFC units, the occurrence of voltage reversal was limited. The removal efficiencies in two MFC reactors were not consistent after the series connection, the results showed that the MFC with the reduced electricity generation had the higher removal efficiencies, it was 12.90, 11.66, and 40.05% higher than in the MFC in which the power generation capacity was not affected after the series connection, the MFC without serial connection, and the control group, respectively. Meanwhile, the microbial communities related to the degradation of refractory organic compounds increased and related to electricity generation decreased in the MFC with the reduced electricity generation, the changes of the microbial communities were consistent with its electricity generation and the removal efficiencies. The degradation products in the effluent from two MFC units showed that had the products generated from the MFC with the reduced electricity generation had simpler structures comparing the other MFC unit.

Local Pollution as a Determinant of Residential Electricity Demand

This study finds that a significant and hitherto ignored determinant of home energy demand is ambient particle pollution. I access longitudinal data for Singapore, a newly affluent Asian city-nation and arguably a harbinger of what is to come in the urbanizing tropics. Singapore today combines high (yet unequal) defensive capital stocks, such as residential air conditioning, with widely varying particle pollution. Overall, residential electricity demand grows by 1.1% when PM2.5 rises by 10 µg/m3. I compare the pollution-electricity response to the well-known heat-electricity response, and show how it varies over the socioeconomic distribution. Local pollution control has the cobenefit of reducing electricity generation, via lower household demand, and thus mitigating carbon emissions. The observed inequality in defensive expenditure may also exacerbate health inequalities, as suggested by an exchange between epidemiologists and government.

Local Pollution as a Determinant of Residential Electricity Demand

This study finds that a significant and hitherto ignored determinant of home energy demand is ambient particle pollution. I access longitudinal data for Singapore, a newly affluent Asian city nation and arguably a harbinger of what is to come in the urbanizing tropics. Singapore today combines high (yet unequal) defensive capital stocks, such as residential air conditioning, with widely varying particle pollution. Overall, residential electricity demand overall grows by 1.1% when PM2.5 rises by 10 ug/m3. I compare the pollution-electricity response to the well-known heat-electricity response, and show how it varies over the socioeconomic distribution. Local pollution control has the co-benefit of reducing electricity generation, via lower household demand, and thus mitigating carbon emissions. The observed inequality in defensive expenditure may also exacerbate health inequalities, as suggested by an exchange between epidemiologists and government.

Comparison between standard solid fuel and a new annular fuel performance in the core of a PWR

Abstract In new generation PWR the annular fuel has been proposed as one of the options to achieve higher power density, larger safety margin and reduced electricity generation cost. In the current work, RELAP5 code is used to compare the thermal hydraulic parameters for both solid fuel and internally and externally cooled annular fuel in a core of a PWR. MCNP6 code is used to evaluate the neutronic design and basic safety parameters of the annular fuel. To accomplish this goal, RELAP5 input files for both solid and annular fuels are developed. In these files, a 13 · 13 array annular fuel design is used while the 17 · 17 standard array design is used for the solid fuel. A 100% core power, steady state normal operation is assumed in the current investigation. Also, MCNP6 code input files for both fuels are prepared. It is found that annular fuel has lower peak fuel temperature than the standard solid fuel, which is an important advantage of the annular fuel rather than the solid one. Also, comparisons were performed for reactivity feedback coefficients of the two fuel types at BOC. Burnup calculations were performed to study the energy conversion capability of the annular fuel as well as rim effects.

ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC ARIDITY IN THE TERRITORY OF ALMATY REGION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CLIMATE CHANGE

This paper presents an analysis of the atmospheric aridity on the Almaty region based on the calculation of the Ped’ S aridity index according to air temperature and precipitation on seven stations, relatively evenly located in the study area over the summer period from 1986 to 2016. Droughts are dangerous natural phenomena, as they lead to the death of crops in vast areas, the massive loss of livestock due to grass burning, extreme heat, dehydration and reduction of water reserves. All these actions reduce electricity generation disrupt industry, transport, trade and the lack of drinking water causes hunger and death in some areas. During droughts, oil and forest fires occur which reduce the soil-protective role of forests, their water conservation value as well as reduce timber for industry and construction. Droughts intensify the melting of glaciers and create conditions for the formation of glacial mudflows. They also contribute to the drying and grinding of the soil, which in turn leads to its wind erosion. During the period of drought, the upper horizons of permafrost thaw, the groundwater level drops, rivers shallow and lakes, ponds and marshes dry out. Nowadays, droughts do not have such terrible consequences, but require large monetary costs to protect and preserve the crop. In the course of this study, some interesting indicators to characterize droughts obtained the number of cases with droughts of varying intensity, the extreme values of the S index and the catalog of atmospheric droughts S.

VOLTAGE ASYMMETRY INFLUENCE ON RESOURCE CON-SUMPTION AT POWER GENERATING PLANTS

The objective of this paper is to provide new research on the linkages between voltage asymmetry, energy efficiency, and resource efficiency to inform policymaking in this area about the possibilities of electricity saving potential. Asymmetry voltage coefficients value in Ukrainian grid were experimentally identified based on assessments of 23 Ukrainian companies during 2016-2018. It was estimated, that 26 % of transformers have asymmetry voltage coefficient of reverse sequence lower than 2 % and 12 % of transformers have asymmetry voltage coefficient of zero sequence lower than 2 %. The estimated resource saving potential for Ukrainian power generating plants is up to 1’978 GWhel/a, which is up to 1.5 % of total electricity produced. Equivalent reducing electricity generation at coal power plants could prevent emissions up to 292.79 t/a of ash emissions; 733 kt/a of CO2 emissions; 5.9 kt/a of SOx emissions; 2.9 kt/a of NOx emissions; 9.03 m3/a of nuclear waste.

VOLTAGE ASYMMETRY INFLUENCE ON RESOURCE CON-SUMPTION AT POWER GENERATING PLANTS

The objective of this paper is to provide new research on the linkages between voltage asymmetry, energy efficiency, and resource efficiency to inform policymaking in this area about the possibilities of electricity saving potential. Asymmetry voltage coefficients value in Ukrainian grid were experimentally identified based on assessments of 23 Ukrainian companies during 2016-2018. It was estimated, that 26 % of transformers have asymmetry voltage coefficient of reverse sequence lower than 2 % and 12 % of transformers have asymmetry voltage coefficient of zero sequence lower than 2 %. The estimated resource saving potential for Ukrainian power generating plants is up to 1’978 GWhel/a, which is up to 1.5 % of total electricity produced. Equivalent reducing electricity generation at coal power plants could prevent emissions up to 292.79 t/a of ash emissions; 733 kt/a of CO2 emissions; 5.9 kt/a of SOx emissions; 2.9 kt/a of NOx emissions; 9.03 m3/a of nuclear waste.

Environmental Economic Hydrothermal System Dispatch by Using a Novel Differential Evolution

This paper proposes the Novel Differential Evolution (NDE) method for solving the environmental economic hydrothermal system dispatch (EEHTSD) problem with the aim to reduce electricity generation fuel costs and emissions of thermal units. The EEHTSD problem is constrained by limitations on generations, active power balance, and amount of available water. NDE applies two modified techniques. The first one is modified mutation, which is used to balance global and local search. The second one is modified selection, which is used to keep the best solutions. When performing this modified selection, the proposed method completely reduces the impact of crossover by setting it to one. Moreover, the task of tuning this factor can be canceled. Original Differential Evolution (ODE), ODE with the first modification (MMDE), and ODE with the second modification (MSDE), and NDE were tested on two different hydrothermal systems for comparison and evaluation purposes. The performance of NDE was also compared to existing methods. It was indicated that the proposed NDE is a very promising method for solving the EEHTSD problem.

Demand Response-Driven Production and Maintenance Decision-Making for Cost-Effective Manufacturing

Manufacturers consume about 27% of the total electricity in the U.S. and are among the main contributors in the rising electricity demand. End-user electricity demand response is an effective demand side management tool that can help energy suppliers reduce electricity generation expenditures while providing opportunities for manufacturers to decrease operating costs. Several studies on demand response for manufacturers have been conducted. However, there lacks a unified production model that balances production capability degradation, maintenance requirements, and time-of-use (TOU) electricity prices simultaneously such that the interaction between production, maintenance, and electricity costs is considered. In this paper, a cost-effective production and maintenance scheduling model considering TOU electricity demand response is presented. Additionally, an aggregate cost model is formulated, which considers production, maintenance, and demand response parameters in the same function. The proposed models provide manufacturers with tools for implementing feasible and cost-effective demand response while meeting production targets and efficiently allocating maintenance resources. A case study is performed and illustrates that 19% in cost savings can be achieved when using the proposed model compared to solely minimizing the electricity billing cost. In addition, 14% in cost savings can be achieved when using the proposed model compared to a strategy where only the maintenance cost is minimized. Finally, the benefits of demand response driven production and maintenance scheduling under different cost and parameter settings are investigated; where the rated power, production rate, and initial machine production capability show to have the largest impact on the cost effectiveness of implementing demand response.