Reduce Noise Levels Research Articles

Evaluation of Exposure to Noise and Vibration and Its Effect on Work-related Fatigue

Introduction: Exposure to vibration and noise has been identified to potentially contribute to work-related fatigue, consequently causing a range of adverse effects on job performance.Method: In this study, a sample of 62 city bus drivers underwent examination to evaluate noise levels through the utilization of a TES dosimeter. Additionally, vibration measurements were conducted using an SV 106 vibration meter. Furthermore, the level of occupational fatigue was determined through the utilization of a Swedish fatigue questionnaire. Results: In the conducted study, it was observed that bus drivers were subjected to an average exposure level of 82.18 dB and 0.99 m/s2 for noise and whole-body vibration, respectively, throughout their work shifts. Additionally, their average job fatigue score was measured to be 26.21 out of a total of 200. To comprehensively evaluate the influence of various factors on (WRF), both single-variable and multi-variable analyses were conducted. The result of the univariate tests exhibited a notable association between job fatigue and the Lon life of the vehicle, the type of car seat (spring or inflatable), as well as the level of exposure to vibration and job satisfaction. Moreover, when considering the influencing factors concurrently in the multivariate test, a significant correlation between occupational fatigue and exposure to vibration, as well as the type of chair, was established. Conclusion: Improving the quality of buses by implementing modernized features that minimize vibrations and reduce noise levels can greatly contribute to mitigating fatigue among urban bus drivers.

Sound complexity as a strategy for livable and sustainable cities: The case of an urban waterfront

Abstract Public spaces underwent a notable shift in their acoustic profile during the societal restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. A silver lining emerged from this global crisis, with noticeable improvements in public acoustic environments due to reduced noise levels resulting from restricted mobility. This research focuses on the acoustic environment of Thessaloniki’s waterfront, a Mediterranean metropolis in Northern Greece. Waterfronts of Mediterranean coastal cities provide unique acoustic environments worthy of protection from environmental noise. By analyzing sound level measurements and recordings during the 2021 lockdown and comparing them to the post-lockdown period in 2022, we aimed to explore environmental noise and acoustic complexity indicators. The study’s findings revealed a significant increase in acoustic complexity during the lockdown, underscoring an inverse relationship between noise levels and acoustic complexity. Urban waterfronts, like Thessaloniki’s, hold great potential for enhancing acoustic complexity and subsequently improving the acoustic quality of public spaces while protecting them from environmental noise. This research sheds light on the possible use of sound complexity as an environmental quality standard that can be incorporated in sustainable urban planning and design.

Marker Set Configuration and Rigid Body Attitude Determination.

Image-based motion-analysis systems typically place markers on the bodies of interest. The error in determining segment attitude from these markers is a function the marker position errors, the number of markers, and the spatial distribution of the markers. The spatial distribution includes two factors: the mean square distance of these markers to their geometric center, and the degree of anisotropy in the marker distribution. The purposes of this study were to: (1) present a metric which quantifies the marker spatial distribution (anisotropic to isotropic) and (2) examine the influence of marker distribution on the accuracy of rigid body attitude determination. To test the influence of the marker distribution on body attitude determination 1000 criterion attitudes were determined. These attitudes then had to be estimated for two marker sets for which the marker distribution metric, noise levels, and root-mean-square distance of the markers were systematically varied. Anisotropic marker distributions were shown to negatively affect the accuracy of attitude determination. The influence of anisotropic marker distributions on attitude accuracy could be blunted by increasing the number of markers, increasing the root-mean-square distance of markers from their geometric center, and reducing noise levels. These results have implications for the measurement of the attitudes of body segments. For example, the ability to have a large spatial distribution of markers and a large number of markers to maximize the measurement accuracy of segment attitude is different for a small segment such as the fifth metacarpal compared with the thigh.

Microscopic void characteristics of OGFC in Sponge City and its effect on noise reduction performance using X-ray CT

This study aims to evaluate how material composition and microscopic void characteristics affect the noise reduction performance of open-graded friction courses (OGFC). X-ray computed tomography (CT) and image processing were employed to analyze the microscopic void characteristics of different OGFC mixtures. Sound absorption tests were conducted, revealing a direct link between OGFC's noise reduction performance and its microscopic void features, particularly connected air voids and void area. This relationship is linear, with every 1 % increase in air voids resulting in a 4.93 % average sound absorption coefficient increase. When air voids are similar, coarser gradations and larger nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS) correspond to higher noise reduction levels, particularly for high-frequency noise. The most significant impact on microscopic void properties comes from the 9.5 mm and 4.75 mm mesh sizes, followed by 1.18 mm, while the 2.36 mm sieve exhibits a weaker correlation. These findings are crucial for enhancing OGFC pavement's noise-reduction capabilities, especially in Sponge Cities, and extending the acoustic lifespan of pavement.

Comparative Study of Ambient Noise Levels during Ganesh Festival in COVID-19 Pandemic and Non-Pandemic Years

In Indian culture, festivals play a significant part and are enthusiastically observed by the populace. Every religion and community in India celebrates its own culture. The majority of these ceremonies and festivities end up creating pollution, particularly noise pollution. Ganesh Chaturthi, also known as the Ganesh festival, is one such event that is enthusiastically observed in Maharashtra, India. The present represents the noise pollution levels measured at renowned community pandals in Mumbai City in four consecutive years 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 during the Ganesh festival. Based on indices like L10, L50, and L90, as well as noise pollution level (LNP) and noise climate (NC), noise level data was evaluated. A comparative study of noise levels was conducted for the data that was gathered during Ganesh Chaturthi. The city observed modest eco-friendly holiday celebrations, which significantly reduced noise levels brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic during the 2020 year. Elevated noise levels were recorded in the year 2022 as the restrictions imposed during the pandemic year 2020 were dropped by the government authorities. The significant decrease in noise levels during the festival exhibits the fact that the pandemic crisis serves as a wake-up call for the local administration's demonstration of noise pollution reduction. Making new rules and procedures to reduce pollution and celebrate holidays sustainably can incorporate many parts of the epidemic.

Qualitative and quantitative comparison of two semi-manual retinal vascular density analyzing methods on optical coherence tomography angiography images of healthy individuals

The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitative and quantitative differences in vascular density analysis of an established and a novel alternative for post-processing on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images in healthy individuals. OCTA examinations of 38 subjects were performed. After extracting the images, two semi-manual post-processing techniques, the already established Mexican hat filtering (MHF) and an alternative, the Shanbhag thresholding (ST) were applied. We assessed Vessel Density (VD), Skeleton Density (SkD) and Vessel Diameter Index (VDI). We analyzed the results in order to establish similarities or potentially relevant differences. Regarding SkD and VD, MHF generally gave higher values than ST. Simultaneously, mean values were also predominantly higher by MHF; however, standard deviations (SD) were higher by ST (range [mean ± SD]: 0.054 ± 0.038 to 0.134 ± 0.01 and 0.134 ± 0.095 to 0.362 ± 0.028 vs 0.012 ± 0.014 to 0.087 ± 0.03 and 0.039 ± 0.047 to 0.4 ± 0.095 for SkD and VD with MHF vs SkD and VD with ST, respectively). Values of VDI were considerably higher with ST than with MHF, while standard deviation was still significantly higher with ST (range [mean ± SD]: 2.459 ± 0.144 to 2.71 ± 0.084 and 2.983 ± 0.929 to 5.19 ± 1.064 for VDI with MHF and ST, respectively). The noise level reduction of the two methods were almost identical (noise levels: 65.8% with MHT and 65.24% with ST). Using MHF, the vascular network gets more fragmented by an average of 40% compared to ST. Both methods allow the segmentation of the vascular network and the examination of vascular density parameters, but they produce largely inconsistent results. To determine if these inconsistent results are clinically meaningful, and which method is more suitable for clinical use, our results provide further evidence that detailed understanding of the image analysis method is essential for reliable decision making for patients with retinal pathology. For longitudinal monitoring, use of the same image processing method is recommended.

Redesign of 13 HP Pakura Boat Engine Exhaust to Reduce Noise Levels

The hearing level of fishermen in the Lembeh Strait out of 11 fishermen, there are only 2 fishermen whose hearing is still normal. This is likely the effect of a plain exhaust modification and does not use a muffler. The muffler acts as a sound transmission damper when the exhaust gases exit the engine. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) redesign of the engine exhaust of the pakura boat; 2) analyze the relationship and influence of rotation per minute with laboratory-scale noise levels; and 3) analyze the relationship and influence of rotation per minute with field-scale noise levels. The method used in this research is experimental laboratory and field, comparising one control group and three treatment groups. The results obtained are that there are three types of redesigned exhausts equipped with mufflers. The most effective exhaust for reducing noise levels is exhaust type B, with a range of values between 79-93 dB in laboratory scale and 90-102 dB in field scale.

Coal mining noise in Australia

Noise pollution in open-cut coal mines in NSW is of great concern and affects large numbers of local communities. The management of noise from coal mines has evolved considerably over the last 30 years, in part due to the significant improvement in mobile fleet sound power levels due to new technology and leading practice noise attenuation components. The mining industry in Australia has also developed an innovative way of managing environmental noise driven by the use of proactive noise management systems. Most large open-cut mining operators in NSW have in recent years adopted and successfully implemented proactive noise management systems to assist with managing noise levels during periods of noise-enhancing meteorological conditions. The system allows the mine operator to prepare and adjust operations to reduce noise levels as far as reasonably and feasibly practical in the event anticipated adverse meteorological conditions are experienced. This paper describes the evolution of the regulatory process, the industry response and the key factors that have shaped the changes.

Speech enhancement for helicopter headsets: Simulation and implementation on an FPGA platform

Clear and effective communication is crucial for the safe operation of aircraft. In helicopters, high levels of noise are generated by the engine, gears, and aerodynamics, which negatively impact speech intelligibility. To address this issue, modern aircraft headsets utilize active noise control (ANC) to reduce noise levels for both the crew and passengers. However, the speech signals captured by these headsets often contain high levels of background noise, thereby hindering internal and external flight communication. This paper introduces a dual microphone dual stage speech enhancement algorithm that combines basic spectral subtraction with a Wiener Filter, enhanced by the a priori and a posteriori signal-to-noise ratio. Audio data from within a helicopter cabin were recorded during a test flight. In a series of simulations, the Wiener Filter implementation is compared to other algorithms based only on spectral subtraction methods. The results are evaluated using established performance measures for speech quality. The Wiener Filter implementation results in the highest speech quality and is, therefore, implemented on an FPGA-platform for validation in a laboratory experiment. The simulations and measurements demonstrate significant improvements in speech quality and, consequently, enhance speech intelligibility using the proposed method.

Experimental investigation on the hydro-acoustic characteristics of tandem cylinders with equal diameters

The investigation of the hydro-acoustic characteristics of tandem cylinders has a great importance because they occur in a variety of maritime applications that include submarines, offshore structures and seabed pipelines systems. Better understanding of the noise generation mechanism of tandem cylinders provides great contribution to reduce noise levels for many engineering applications. In this study, the hydro-acoustic characteristics of tandem cylinders with same diameter were experimentally investigated for five different distance ratios at Reynolds number of 1.6 × 104. The diameter of the front and rear cylinders used in hydro-acoustic experiments is 0.02 m. It is observed that the main peak spectrum becomes narrower as the distance ratio increases. The width of the main peak spectrum also decreases as the flow regime transition from the reattachment regime to the separation regime. An increase in the distance ratio is found to correspond to an increase in the main peak frequency. The maximum sound pressure level is observed to attain its peak value at the critical distance ratio of 3.0. Notably, the maximum sound pressure level exhibits a substantial increase of approximately 6 dB as the distance ratio increases from 1.5 to 3.0, followed by a subsequent decrease of approximately 1 dB between the distance ratios of 3.0 and 6.0.

Analysis and Design of Low Complexity Receiver for UWB Transmitted Reference Based on Wavelets Transform

The Rake receiver has become very popular in wireless communication in recent years, but it has a number of drawbacks, including complexity, high noise, poor performance, and a slow transmission rate. As a result, a system with high performance, low complexity, low noise, and high efficiency is required. In this article, the idea of a new discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based system is called Low Complexity (LC) Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra Wideband (UWB) that achieves high performance, low complexity, higher transmission rate, and lower noise than previous discrete wavelet transform systems. High frequencies that caused noise in the system were cut off using DWT. To remove these frequencies, DWT uses two types of FIR filters. To get a better result, use three levels in this system. The simulation results show that when three levels of noise reduction are used, the effect is to remove high frequencies that cause noise in the TR UWB received signal.

Peanut Dryer Noise Levels with and without Muffler

Harvested peanuts must be dried before being stored to prevent spoilage. Peanuts are dried using forced heated air dryers that produce a great deal of noise while operating. In an effort to abate dryer noise, a cylindrical muffler was designed, fabricated from sheet metal, and tested. The muffler was 1.17 m in diameter, 0.61 m in length and was lined with 0.55 m of R 30 fiberglass batting. Five configurations of the muffler were tested and the most effective was the two inline mufflers attached to the air intake of the dryer. The two inline mufflers were found to reduce noise 4.5m in front of the dryer air intake to the OSHA permissible level of 90 dBA for an eight-hour time period. The inline lined mufflers reduced noise levels at 4.5 m from the side of the dryer to just less than 85 dBA the level above which OSHA recommends employers initiate hearing conservation programs. Sound levels at 23 m in front of the dryer air intake were reduced to 69 dBA which is equivalent to classroom chatter. Though the muffler designed in the study reduced dyer noise to acceptable levels, study results and new technologies suggest that further noise reduction is possible by redesigning the muffler using natural harmonics of the dryer/muffler structure, new tuned noise damping materials, and designing for sound resonance effects.

A high-resolution cone beam computed tomography (HRCBCT) reconstruction framework for CBCT-guided online adaptive therapy.

Kilo-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a prevalent modality used for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) due to its compatibility with linear accelerators and ability to provide online imaging. However, the widely-used Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) reconstruction algorithm has several limitations, including potential streak aliasing artifacts and elevated noise levels. Iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques, such as total variation (TV) minimization, dictionary-based methods, and prior information-based methods, have emerged as viable solutions to address these limitations and improve the quality and applicability of CBCT in ART. One of the primary challenges in IR-based techniques is finding the right balance between minimizing image noise and preserving image resolution. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a new reconstruction technique called high-resolution CBCT (HRCBCT) that specifically focuses on improving image resolution while reducing noise levels. The HRCBCT reconstruction technique builds upon the conventional IR approach, incorporating three components: the data fidelity term, the resolution preservation term, and the regularization term. The data fidelity term ensures alignment between reconstructed values and measured projection data, while the resolution preservation term exploits the high resolution of the initial Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm. The regularization term mitigates noise during the IR process. To enhance convergence and resolution at each iterative stage, we applied Iterative Filtered Backprojection (IFBP) to the data fidelity minimization process. We evaluated the performance of the proposed HRCBCT algorithm using data from two physical phantoms and one head and neck patient. The HRCBCT algorithm outperformed all four different algorithms; FDK, Iterative Filtered Back Projection (IFBP), Compressed Sensing based Iterative Reconstruction (CSIR), and Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) methods in terms of resolution and noise reduction for all data sets. Line profiles across three line pairs of resolution revealed that the HRCBCT algorithm delivered the highest distinguishable line pairs compared to the other algorithms. Similarly, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) measurements, obtained from the tungsten wire insert on the CatPhan 600 physical phantom, showed a significant improvement with HRCBCT over traditional algorithms. The proposed HRCBCT algorithm offers a promising solution for enhancing CBCT image quality in adaptive radiotherapy settings. By addressing the challenges inherent in traditional IR methods, the algorithm delivers high-definition CBCT images with improved resolution and reduced noise throughout each iterative step. Implementing the HR CBCT algorithm could significantly impact the accuracy of treatment planning during online adaptive therapy.

Acoustical Analysis of Insertion Losses of Ceiling Materials

This study concentrates on measuring, analyzing and recommending the ceiling materials most suited for the reduction of distinct frequency noise levels with focus on rain noise. A frequency analyzer has been used to measure and obtained accurate sound level (LP) data of the rain noise outside, and inside five buildings with diverse acoustical ceiling materials in South Eastern Nigeria. It was done with and without the ceiling partition (or noise barrier) for the audio and narrow frequency band without contribution from other outdoor-related noise sources. Insertion losses of the ceiling materials were calculated using the data obtained from the measured LP. Result obtained from the analysis indicated that the ceiling material found to effectively reduce the noise levels from external noise source. The type for speech reception threshold frequencies of more than 125 Hz and higher audiometric range was moabi wood with peak LP of 21.20 dB at 500 Hz. While for lower frequencies where the ears are least responsive was plaster of Paris (POP) with peak LP of 12.61 dB at 62.5 Hz. This makes “moabi wood” most suitable in lecture rooms, conference halls and large auditoriums as ceiling material, in consideration of its capability to provide notable attenuation of rain noise within the building. This is in accordance with several other studies done on this subject. In general, at much low frequencies and frequencies greater than 2k Hz significant reduction in the rain noise level was observed.

On the reduction of the noise in a low-pressure turbine cascade associated with the wavy leading edge

The low-pressure turbine (LPT) has become a potential noise source for future ultra-high by-pass ratio engines. In this paper, the feasibility and mechanism of wavy leading edge (WLE) noise control in the LPT cascade model are analyzed. The flow field and acoustic data are obtained with the large eddy simulation and Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings methods, which are validated using experimental data. The acoustic results are compared for different models; the maximum noise reduction can achieve 8.6 and 3.7 dBA in the frequency bands of FR#2 (315–4000 Hz) and FR#4 (6300–16 000 Hz), respectively; the noise reduction does not vary proportionally to the WLE parameter. The noise source is identified in the baseline model, and then the effect of WLE amplitude and wavelength on the noise source and its control on pressure fluctuations are evaluated. The pressure statistics demonstrate that WLE with a smaller wavelength and a larger amplitude can reduce the impingement of stator wakes on the leading edge of the rotor and stabilize the pressure fluctuation. To analyze the mechanism of WLEs on noise control, the pressure spectrum in terms of amplitude and coherence coefficient is utilized to explain the excellent noise performance of the WLE model in FR#2. The proposed similarity coefficient of coherence can quantify the destructive interference level and thus the coherence characteristics of the sound source. Generally, the noise reduction level can be predicted by the combination of the similarity coefficient and the amplitude spectrum of the pressure fluctuations for the WLE models.

Reductions in community noise levels in vancouver, Canada, during pandemic lockdown and association with land cover type

BackgroundUrban transportation noise is a major public concern because of its adverse effects on health. The determinants of urban noise exposure have not been widely explored but the “natural experiment” presented by the COVID-19 lockdowns presented a unique opportunity.This study examined the relationship between environmental characteristics and urban noise pollution during the COVID-19 related lockdown in Metro Vancouver, Canada, from March 21st to May 18th, 2020. MethodsWe used noise exposure data from the Vancouver International Airport (YVR) noise management program, comparing the noise levels during “Phase One” of the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 to the corresponding time period in 2019 from 21 Noise Monitoring Terminals (NMTs) located throughout Metro Vancouver. We modelled the relationship between the change in noise level and the physical NMT environments, including land cover, and total length of roads at four different time periods (24Hr, daytime, evening and nighttime) and within three different buffer zones (100 m, 250 m, and 500 m). ResultsOf 59,472 hourly measurements of community noise, the 24-h noise level was reduced by an average of 2.20 dBA between 2019 and 2020. Higher proportions of greenspace, barren areas, and soil-cover around NMTs resulted in stronger noise reductions and higher density of building, pavement, and water weakened the amount of noise reduction. Proximity of high-volume traffic roads (highways) were associated with weaker noise reduction. ConclusionThe COVID-19 related lockdown was associated with reduced noise in Metro Vancouver, and the relative reduction depended on the types of the environment surrounding the NMT. Future research on the effects of urban environmental characteristics on geographic inequality in noise levels and health consequences of the COVID-19 related lockdown is merited.

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis of mode switching in supersonic jets impinging on flat and corrugated plates

Abstract Understanding the occurrence of various feedback mechanisms of an under-expanded impinging supersonic jet is a crucial task in research. The presence of several jet modes is examined in this study for the flat and corrugated impinging plate geometries. The behavior of impinging plate configurations during mode switching is investigated by varying the flow state, such as the jet Mach number. The staging behavior at various jet Mach numbers is observed using acoustic spectral plots and schlieren flow visualization. To explore the presence of various types of modes during the jet impingement due to the modification of jet Mach number, ensemble averaging and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of schlieren images are carried out. In the majority of situations, the corrugated design shows a reduction in tonal noise and overall sound pressure level. In exceptional cases, for the corrugated plates, the enhanced overall sound pressure level is caused by the existence of axisymmetric instability (A1, A2).

Enhancing Air Traffic Management and Reducing Noise Impact: A Novel Approach Integrating Băneasa Airport with Otopeni RO Airport

Over the years, Bucharest’s Henri Coandă International Airport has registered a constant and high increase in air traffic, in terms of both passengers and aircraft movements. This paper presents a traffic diversion solution for the Otopeni RO airport, which aims to alleviate air traffic congestion by redirecting a proportion of the planes to the nearby airport at Băneasa. The primary challenge faced by diversion to Băneasa Airport is the proximity of residential areas to the runway at distances of less than 300 m, resulting in significant noise pollution issues. At Otopeni Airport, the main operators use aircraft equipped with CFM 56 turbo engines; therefore, this study begins with an evaluation of the noise directivity of a CFM aircraft engine via measurement. The data thus collected enabled the identification of the dominant frequencies in the acoustic spectrum of the engine noise. A resonant screen solution has been proposed as a solution for Băneasa Airport, emphasizing the importance of implementing solutions to address the noise pollution faced by those living near Băneasa Airport, due to its proximity to the residential area. Various configurations of perforated metal sheets with different perforation patterns were compared to the test performance of solid sheets to optimize noise absorption. Using the impedance tube tests to achieve the highest absorption coefficient, it was determined that the optimal distance between the perforated metal sheets and the resonant screen was 30 mm. Based on the CFM 56 turbo engine noise directivity and the impedance tube tests, a multitude of numerical simulations were conducted using the IMMI software (IMMI 2011). The simulations were performed for two scenarios with and without an acoustic barrier, accounting for the typical configuration of two engines on an aircraft. The results indicate a reduction of 15 dBA with the implementation of a 4-m-high acoustic barrier, in the case of a CFM 56 engine operating at full throttle while the aircraft is on the ground. Through numerical simulations, the optimized resonant screen demonstrated its potential to significantly reduce noise levels, thereby enhancing the overall acoustic environment and quality of life for the communities surrounding Băneasa Airport. The identified findings could serve as a basis for further research and the implementation of innovative solutions to manage air traffic and reduce the impact of aircraft noise in surrounding areas.

Exploration of stacked rotor designs for aerodynamics in hover

The development of rotorcraft with multiple propulsors has increased interest in co-rotating coaxial rotors, also known as stacked rotors, which can generate high thrust while maintaining a compact aircraft design. By optimizing the pitch angle and the blade arrangement, stacked rotors can reduce aeroacoustic noise and vibration while improving aerodynamic performance. This study leveraged a high-fidelity numerical solver to analyze the aerodynamic performance and underlying physics of various stacked rotor configurations in hovering conditions. With three rotor design variables — index angle, stacked distance, and pitch angle difference — together with high-resolution simulations, two key physical phenomena were identified: the inflow effect and the blade-vortex interaction effect. Specifically, the blade-vortex interaction at the lower blade was found to play a critical role in improving hover performance by generating upwash, which increased the local power loading of the lower blade. Also, the unsteady simulations revealed that stacked rotors produced significantly lower peak-to-peak thrust values compared to counter-rotating coaxial rotors, indicating potential reductions in aeroacoustic noise level. Finally, a design optimization based on deep neural networks was performed to successfully extract design rules to take full advantage of inflow and blade-vortex interaction effects, which can be used as a guideline for the future design study of stacked rotors.

Numerical Study of Comparison of Thrust Bearing Slip - No Slip Condition on Acoustic Performance

The acoustic power level (APL) produced by a thrust bearing during operation has a major effect on its performance. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the impact of slip engineered on the noise generated by thrust bearings. A numerical approach was used to simulate open pocket bearings with varying film thickness depths. At the initial location of the slip area, three bearing models were analyzed: pocket slip, pocket no slip, and smooth slip. The results show that implementing slip can reduce noise levels, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and turbulence eddy dissipation (TED) rate. The average APL, TKE, and TED values were the lowest at the high film thickness