Reduce Gas Emissions Research Articles

Empowering Sustainable Household Waste Management through Rubbin: App-Based Transactions using Google Maps API and QR Code Recognition

The Digitization of environmentally friendly technology must be applied to advance smart cities. Waste management carried out conventionally often causes irregularities in the classification data collection, difficulties in accessing information related to garbage collection schedules, and a lack of transaction history information, which causes a decrease in the quality of waste collection. The development of functional application features is urgently needed as a container for proper waste management. The Rubbin App has been created, which implements Google Maps API for route optimization and waste mapping, QR code recognition using Enhanced Adaptive Median Filter, and private chat for clients and collectors as additional features. The purpose of designing this research is to overcome the impacts of climate change, significantly reducing gas emissions, by proposing a digital waste management system by providing iOS and Android multiplatform applications with attractive and easy-to-use UI/UX interfaces. The Rubbin application utilizes Google Maps API technology to enable waste tracking and route optimization while employing QR codes to streamline the transaction process between clients and collectors, ensuring efficient waste management operations. The Rubbin application results show a change in the community's waste management habits, forming a culture of caring for the environment.

Economic and environmental pollutant impact of Maternal-Fetal Telemedicine.

The global issue of greenhouse gas emissions has significant implications for the environment and human health. Telemedicine provides a valuable tool for delivering healthcare while reducing gas emissions by limiting the need for patient travel. However, the environmental effects of telemedicine in high-risk pregnancy populations remain unassessed. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic and environmental impact of an outpatient teleMFM program. This retrospective cohort study examined all visits at 3 teleMFM clinics more than 90 miles away from the nearest in-person MFM office between 10/1/2021 and 6/1/2022. Travel distances and times were calculated for each appointment between the patient's home, telemedicine clinic, and nearest in-person clinics, using zip code data and Google Maps web-based map calculator tools. Travel cost savings and environmental impact were calculated by determining differences in mileage reimbursement rate and emissions between those incurred in attending telemedicine appointments and those that would have been incurred if in-person using inflation-adjusted Internal Revenue Service annual standard mileage reimbursement rate ($0.58 per mile), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Transportation and Air Quality's average annual emissions and fuel consumption for gasoline-fueled passenger vehicles. During the study period a total number of 2,712 appointments were scheduled, of which 2,454 were kept (cancellations removed) and analyzed. Visiting a teleMFM clinic resulted in 204 miles, 200 minutes and 118.32 dollars saved per patient visit compared to visiting the nearest in-person clinic. Over a 7 month period a total of 96.6 metric tons of emissions were saved. This study demonstrates the positive economic and environmental impact of teleMFM utilization in communities remote from in-person care. Given the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions to climate change, such findings may provide strategies for our specialty make informed policy, advocacy, and business decisions.

Эффект интенсивного окисления сероводорода дымовых газов содорегенерационного котла при производстве целлюлозы

Despite the transition to the Swedish technology for regenerating black liquor from pulp production plants, even in those regions of Russia where the standard daily average levels of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan in the air of populated areas have been achieved, a number of problems remain with emissions of reduced sulfur. In many cities, onetime concentrations of reduced sulfur, especially at night, may exceed the permissible ones. In addition to flue gas emissions from soda recovery boilers, there are other, less intensive sources of harmful emissions in the cooking, evaporation and wood-chemical workshops, in the causticization and lime regeneration workshops, there are emissions from unorganized sources and from the open surface of wastewater treatment facilities. The population living near such plants feels the unpleasant odor of methyl mercaptan. This study has aimed to develop a new technology for reducing gas emissions of reduced sulfur into the environment, applicaple for different sources. The results of testing an industrial installation for purification of gas emissions from a soda recovery boiler in a scrubber with nozzle irrigation have been presented. Based on the measurements of the technological parameters of the operation mode of the gas purification plant and the determination of the composition of the irrigation solution, the analysis of the results obtained has been performed. During the tests, a high degree of hydrogen sulfide capture at a low pH value has been achieved. It has been established that hydrogen sulfide has been captured as a result of its oxidation before entering the irrigation solution in fine droplets of condensate formed on micron-sized particles of sulfate and sodium carbonate. The results of this study have been compared with the results of the studies conducted by Stanford University and the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The possibility of hydrogen peroxide formation under our test conditions in the surface layer of fine droplets formed during the condensation of water vapour on dust particles has been analyzed. The suposed cause of the obtained effect has been determined to be the thermomechanical deformation of the surface layer of the droplets.

Predictive modeling of sustainable recycled materials for stone column construction

Climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions is one of the most significant global challenges. Sustainable recycled materials are recognized as a critical factor in mitigating climate change, representing a fundamental strategy for reducing gas emissions and preserving the environment. Promising sustainable recycled materials in construction, such as crushed asphalt, crushed concrete, crushed ceramic, and treated concrete offer numerous advantages, including reduced carbon dioxide (CO2)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{(CO}}_{2} )$$\\end{document} emissions, cost-effectiveness, increased strength, and enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, various machine learning techniques, including the support vector machine (SVM), multiple linear regression (MLR), gaussian process regression (GPR), and artificial neural network (ANN), are used to assess the effectiveness of sustainable recycled materials within stone columns. The MLR model was specifically utilized to predict the ultimate stress equation for these materials within stone columns. Forty-five constructed samples were used in developing the models. The effectiveness of each model was evaluated using various statistical assessment measures, including mean absolute error (MAE), absolute fraction of variation (R2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{R}}^{2}$$\\end{document}), and root mean square error (RMSE). The predictive model’s performance was validated using the k-fold cross-validation method. The ANN model with an R2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{R}}^{2}$$\\end{document} value of 0.962 and an RMSE value of 7.268 kPa, performed better compared to GPR, SVM and MLR models. In summary, the results of the study indicate that the MLR model, utilizing the identified input parameters, can accurately predict the ultimate stress for different sustainable recycled materials. Implementing such technologies within the construction sector can expedite and reduce the cost of assessing material characteristics and the influence of input parameters.

Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions using forest biomass as fuel in the drying process of agricultural crops

Greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, primarily resulting from the use of fossil fuels, have become an increasing concern regarding global warming. Given this scenario, it is necessary to develop actions that help reduce the gases emitted by different sectors. Forest biomass, as an alternative fuel, contributes to the sustainability of consuming sectors, as forests help remove carbon from the atmosphere, compensating for CO2 emissions, and it is also a source with excellent energy potential. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze gas emissions from the use of forest biomass as a renewable fuel during the drying process of agricultural crops, verifying whether the emissions comply with the limits established by legislation. The results indicate emission values exceeding the limits established by FEPAM Technical Guideline No. 001/2018, but in compliance with CONAMA Resolution No. 436/2011 for CO, with 1,439.61 mg/Nm³ for the Kepler furnace and 2,135.80 mg/Nm³ for the FOJS 24ª210V. Both are within the stipulated limits for NOx emissions, with 107.59 mg/Nm³ for the Kepler furnace and 127.34 mg/Nm³ for the FOJS 24ª210V. Forest biomass is an excellent alternative; however, it is important to conduct further studies to analyze the structural characteristics of furnaces, as well as the use of different types of biomasses, considering their physical and chemical characteristics, to achieve good efficiency while reducing gas emissions.

Energy transition in Portugal: The harnessing of solar photovoltaics in electric mobility and its impact on the carbon footprint

The ambition to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, reinforced by international agreements, requires both the reduction of gas emissions in the transport sector and the acceleration of the realization of the energy transition. There is therefore growth potential for electric mobility and photovoltaic technology. In this context, this study explores the integration of electric vehicles into the Portuguese car fleet using photovoltaic solar energy for battery charging, with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels for mobility. A multi-phase approach was adopted: i) a sample of electric vehicles representative of the Portuguese car fleet and their energy needs was sized; ii) the equipment to be incorporated into the Self-Consumption Production Units was selected and sized, using PVsyst software version 7.3.4, and based on the energy needs resulting from three scenarios of weekly use of the electric vehicle [50 km (scenario 1), 300 km (scenario 2) and 750 km (scenario 3)]; iii) the reductions in GHG emissions were quantified by analysing: emissions from the Public Service Electricity Grid (RESP) and the Photovoltaic Integration System for Self-Consumption and Grid (SIFAR), and also emissions associated with the fossil fuels under analysis (petrol and diesel). In scenario 1, the difference was 57.5%. In scenario 2, it was −24.3%, and in scenario 3, it was −55.9%. These results demonstrate that SIFAR is an attractive and more sustainable alternative to RESP in the most energy-demanding scenarios, in this case, scenarios 2 and 3. By contributing to a considerable reduction in GHG emissions into the atmosphere, SIFAR stands out for its role in building sustainability. Presenting a new methodological perspective and vision on the integration of renewable energies in the transport sector in Portugal, this study closes a knowledge gap and provides relevant information for planning and public policy.

Review of Some Methods of CO2 Utilization

Abstract Protecting the environment from harmful substances (carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, soot products, etc.) is one of the pressing issues of our time. This article discusses specific topics related to the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which are generated during biomass gasification, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and other processes. The article also identifies alternative methods for producing valuable petrochemical products, which significantly reduce gas emissions into the atmosphere.

Valorization of Lactate Esters and Amides into Value-Added Biobased (Meth)acrylic Polymers.

(Meth)acrylic polymers are massively produced due to their inherently attractive properties. However, the vast majority of these polymers are derived from fossil resources, which is not aligned with the tendency to reduce gas emissions. In this context, (meth)acrylic polymers derived from biomass (biobased polymers) are gaining momentum, as their application in different areas can not only stand the comparison but even surpass, in some cases, the performance of petroleum-derived ones. In this review, we highlight the design and synthesis of (meth)acrylic polymers derived from lactate esters (LEs) and lactate amides (LAs), both derived from lactic acid. While biobased polymers have been widely studied and reviewed, the poly(meth)acrylates with pendant LE and LA moieties evolved slowly until recently when significant achievements have been made. Hence, constraints and opportunities arising from previous research in this area are presented, focusing on the synthesis of well-defined polymers for the preparation of advanced materials.

Gas production characteristics of oats and tritical silages and techniques for reducing gas emissions1

Greenhouse gas (GHG) production during ensiling not only causes the nutrient losses of silage but also promotes climate warming. However, there is little information on the production of GHG and strategies for mitigating GHG emissions during ensiling. This work aimed to study the gas production characteristics and techniques for reducing gas emissions during ensiling. Oats and triticale, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) or corn meal (CM) addition, were ensiled. The cumulative gas volume rapidly increased and reached to the peak within the first 9 days of ensiling for both forage crops. The highest cumulative gas volume of triticale silage was twice as much as that of oats silage. Triticale silage produced lower carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, higher methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations than oats silage within the 28 days of ensiling. Adding LP or CM significantly improved the fermentation quality and decreased the gas volume and GHG concentrations of two silages on d56 (except CH4 of triticale). At the early stage of ensiling, more Enterobacter, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc related to gas production were observed, and adding LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of bacteria like Kosakonia, Pantoea, Enterobacter and Lactococcus positively correlated with gas volume, CO2 and N2O concentrations. These results suggest that gas formation during ensiling mainly occurs in the first 9 days. Adding LP or CM can significantly improve the fermentation quality and decrease the gas volume. This would benefit to reducing GHG emissions in silage production.

Sustainable investigation and process intensification on the separation of ternary organic wastewater with heterogeneous characteristics

The tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water/n-propyl acetate (PROAC) mixture, which is categorized into class 2.0-2b-C, exhibits pressure-sensitive property along with heterogeneous regions in its phase diagram. Conventional pressure-swing distillations with different separation sequences (PSD-PTW, PSD-PWT) and a novel three-column heterogeneous azeotropic pressure-swing distillation (T-HAPSD) are designed to complete the separation. The PSD section of T-HAPSD combines three columns into two columns. The HAD section of T-HAPSD is more energy-efficient owing to the automatic separation in the decanter. T-HAPSD is more economical than conventional pressure-swing distillation. Heat integration and Self-heat recuperation technology (SHRT) are then introduced to reduce energy consumption and costs. Finally, the five processes are evaluated from four aspects (economy, energy, environment and exergy). The best of five processes is T-HAPSD-SHRT with 37.83% reduction in TAC, 51.17% reduction in TEC, 48.83% reduction in gas emissions and 52.63% reduction in exergy destruction when compared with PSD-PTW.

تقليل انبعاثات الكربون في إدارة سلسلة التوريد: مراجعة أدبية

This study aims to examine the literature on carbon reduction in the supply chain over the past few years and to present the drivers, barriers, and performance indicators. The reduction of carbon emissions is a frequently debated topic due to the potential threats posed by irresponsible industrial actions to sustainability. Companies are seeking to minimize environmental impact by integrating ecological concerns into their supply chain operations. To reduce carbon emissions, the industry must overcome various drivers, barriers, and performance indicators, and the practices adopted are highly varied. Many papers were analysed, showing that good coordination with different media in the supply chain system would achieve common goals for reducing gas emissions.

Correlations between sewage sludge composting physicochemical parameters and emissions of greenhouse gases and ammonia: A statistical analysis

Mitigating the environmental impact of composting by the reduction of greenhouse gases (N2O, CH4) and ammonia (NH3) emissions is a major challenge. To meet this challenge, the understanding of the relationships between composted substrates initial physicochemical parameters and gas emissions is essential. From a long-term perspective, it will allow to guide the recipe formulation of the initial mixture to be composted, with a view to reducing gas emissions during composting. This study gathered literature data targeting sewage sludge composting and performed statistical correlation analyses between cumulative gas emissions and the following parameters: sewage sludge, bulking agent and composted mixture initial physicochemical parameters (pH, dry matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N), the dry mass ratio of sewage sludge to bulking agent and the duration of composting. The average values of cumulative emissions show a large variability: 1.37 ± 2.71 gC.kg initial mix DM−1, 0.13 ± 0.17 gN.kg initial mix DM−1 and 2.23 ± 2.79 gN.kg initial mix DM−1 for CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions respectively. Although the correlation analysis highlighted some significant interesting correlations between initial physicochemical parameters and gas emissions (p.value < 0.05), reliable multiparametric model could not fit the data, meaning that the actual literature data are not sufficient to explain most part of gas emissions. Among the most interesting relationships, the study showed that the dry matter of the composted mixture is negatively correlated to N2O emissions, while the ratio of sewage sludge to bulking agent and the duration of composting are positively correlated to N2O emissions. It was also shown that the pH of the bulking agent is positively correlated to NH3 emissions. Considering the large part of the emission variability that is not explained and the difficulty to link the correlation with their causality, it will be interesting to improve composting gas emissions knowledge in future research by analyzing free air space, bulking agent adsorption capacity and available and biodegradable organic matter. These parameters are of particular interest in solving the main problems associated with sewage sludge composting, namely porosity and nitrogen retention. This study also highlighted the necessity to extend the duration of the composting studies over 40 days in order to measure possible N2O late release and better identify parameters influencing N2O emissions.

Co-amendment of dicyandiamide with waste carbonization products into composting: Enhanced fertility, reduced gas emission and increased economic benefits

Dicyandiamide (DCD) could reduce composting nitrogen (N) losses, but the decomposes at high temperatures limited its efficacy, which might be mitigated by co-application with biochar (BC) and wood vinegar (WV). Our study revealed that DCD alone or co-applied with BC and WV did not reduce N2O emissions during the composting of chicken manure and wheat straw. However, it significantly decreased NH3 and CH4 emissions by 22.6–45.6% and 53.8–85.6%, respectively, equivalent to a 24.1–44.8% reduction in GWP compared to the control. Furthermore, the combined use of DCD with BC and WV enhanced total N content by 5.6–36.6%, increased the compost accumulation temperature by 3.8–6.1%. DCD alone addition increased the compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) content by 12.2%, and when coupled with BC and WV, it enhances the biological index value to promote new DOM generation. DCD combined with BC could increase the final humus content of compost, thereby enhancing its quality, which approach also produced greater economic benefits (266.3 CNY t−1), compared to conventional composting. In conclusion, co-application of DCD with BC and WV in composting not only reduces the emission of NH3, N2O and CH4, but also increases the compost fertility and provides more economic benefits.

Towards environmentally sustainable healthcare: using quality improvement to deliver a net zero NHS

The healthcare industry is a major contributor to climate change globally. There is growing interest in using quality improvement methods to improve the sustainability of healthcare. East London NHS Foundation Trust uses quality improvement as its approach to solving complex problems. This article uses a case study methodology to describe how the trust's programme of sustainability used quality improvement at both systemic and local levels to support the organisation to reduce direct greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2025 and indirect emissions by 40% by 2036. Using quality improvement in a structured way enabled staff and service users to consider their contribution to sustainability and develop, test and measure ideas that were within their control. This led to an organisational reduction in gas emissions of 37% and CO2 emissions by 14% in winter months. At a local level, three case studies showcase the accomplishments of teams who successfully reduced medication waste by 66.2kg CO2e per year, reduced spending on single-use plastics by 54% and lowered CO2 emissions by 10798kg per year through the return of walking aids. Supporting structures for the programme included active and visible participation from senior stakeholders, with service users and carers involved at both strategic and operational levels, and tracking data over time. Future work should focus on creating a change package of ideas to serve as a blueprint to scale up these initiatives across the organisation.

Temperature‐Inert Interface Enables Safe and Practical Energy‐Dense LiNi0.91Co0.07Mn0.02O2 Pouch Cells

AbstractSafety concerns significantly hinder the practical implementation of ultrahigh‐nickel cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) derived from conventional ester‐based electrolyte is susceptible to thermal decomposition, resulting in battery safety degradation. Herein, a temperature‐inert and inorganic‐rich SEI is developed for the ultrahigh‐nickel LiNi0.91Co0.07Mn0.02O2|graphite (NCM91|Gr) battery by employing a flame‐retardant diluted weakly solvated electrolyte. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that SEI's inorganic components of LiF, Li2SO3, Li2SO4, and Li3N exhibit exceptional thermotolerance under thermal attack. Further evidence from temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction indicates that this thermally stable interface effectively mitigates the anode phase transition from the original LiC6 to LiC12 state, resulting in a remarkable improvement in intrinsic safety and a 32% reduction in gas emission for battery. The 1.2 Ah NCM91|Gr pouch cell exhibits a thermal failure onset temperature as high as 183.1 °C and maintains stability at 180 °C for 60 min. Furthermore, a 360 Wh kg−1 12.3 Ah LiNi0.92Co0.06Mn0.02O2|graphite@20% silicon dioxide cell experiences no thermal runaway even at 200 °C. The 1.2 Ah NCM91|Gr pouch cell also delivers outstanding capacity retention of 90.5% after 1200 cycles with enhanced electrochemical performance. This study provides a promising approach for developing safer energy‐dense batteries through electrolyte and interface design.

How do different marine engine fuels and wet scrubbing affect gaseous air pollutants and ozone formation potential from ship emissions?

Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs), mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), regulate fuel sulphur content (FSC) to mitigate the environmental and health impact of shipping emissions in coastal areas. Currently, FSC is limited to 0.1% (w/w) within and 0.5% (w/w) outside SECAs, with exceptions for ships employing wet sulphur scrubbers. These scrubbers enable vessels using non-compliant fuels such as high-sulphur heavy fuel oils (HFOs) to enter SECAs. However, while sulphur reduction via scrubbers is effective, their efficiency in capturing other potentially harmful gases remains uncertain. Moreover, emerging compliant fuels like highly aromatic fuels or low-sulphur blends lack characterisation and may pose risks.Over three years, we assessed emissions from an experimental marine engine at 25% and 75% load, representative of manoeuvring and cruising, respectively. First, characterizing emissions from five different compliant and non-compliant fuels (marine gas oil MGO, hydro-treated vegetable oil HVO, high-, low- and ultra-low sulphur HFOs), we calculated emission factors (EF). Then, the wet scrubber gas-phase capture efficiency was measured using compliant and non-compliant HFOs.NOx EF varied among fuels (5200–19700 mg/kWh), with limited scrubber reduction. CO (EF 750–13700 mg/kWh) and hydrocarbons (HC; EF 122–1851 mg/kWh) showed also insufficient abatement. Carcinogenic benzene was notably higher at 25% load and about an order of magnitude higher with HFOs compared to MGO and HVO, with no observed scrubber reduction. In contrast, carbonyls such as carcinogenic formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, acting as ozone precursors, were effectively scrubbed due to their polarity and water solubility. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of all fuels was examined.Significant EF differences between fuels and engine loads were observed, with the wet scrubber providing limited or no reduction of gaseous emissions. We suggest enhanced regulations and emission abatements in the marine sector to mitigate gaseous pollutants harmful to human health and the environment.

Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic Manure Composting: The Effect of Membrane Cover

The current scientific literature predominantly focuses on pilot-scale studies concerning the effectiveness of membrane covers in reducing gas emissions during cattle manure composting. Our study centers on the application of a leading market commercial membrane cover (ePTE-TEXcomm) and a locally manufactured one (ProfiCover®) at industrial processing levels, evaluating their efficacy in mitigating gas emission during the fifth day of the thermophilic phase. Taking into account material inhomogeneities, work environment impact, and efficiency, the results are characteristic of industrial-scale processes rarely discussed in the scientific literature. Our results, obtained with a portable gas sampler and FTIR spectroscopy measurements using corresponding standards, indicate that ePTE-TEXcomm manifested a reduction of 90.8% for NH3 and 59.6% for CO2. CH4 emissions increased, suggesting their potential entrapment. N2O and propane equivalent experienced reductions of 23.1% and 44.8%, respectively. On the other hand, ProfiCover® presented emission reductions for NH3 and CO2 of 93.3% and 85.9%, respectively. CH4, contrasting with ePTE-TEXcomm, showed a significant reduction of 55.6%. N2O and propane equivalent followed with reductions of 56.7% and 84.5%, respectively. All of this divergence in performance implies a potential trade-off in emission reduction efficacy between the covers. Knowledge sharing between researchers and industry partners is key to translating these technologies into widespread adoption.

Process comparison and performance evaluation of different entrainers for pressure swing extractive distillation refining gasoline additives based on multi-objective optimization and process intensification

As a new gasoline additive, methyl tertiary amyl ether (TAME) can improve the antiknock performance and quality of gasoline. This study uses an energy-saving process for separating TAME/methanol (MeOH)/H2O by pressure-swing extractive distillation with different entrainers based on multi-objective optimization and 4E analysis. The 1entrainers are screened by the difference in relative volatility of components under different entrainer conditions, and the electrostatic potential of the molecular surface of the system and entrainers are analyzed. Multi-objective optimization of the pressure swing extractive distillation process with 5 different entrainers is carried out based on the generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) optimization scheme, and the Pareto frontier is optimized by the minimum distance method. The results indicate that the extraction schemes of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have excellent economic and environmental benefits through comprehensive analysis. As an effective means of process intensification, the application of heat pump technology can further reduce process costs and environmental pollution. The coefficient of heating performance (COP) is used to find the most suitable pairing route for heat pump-assisted processes, achieving the goal of reducing gas emissions and energy use. Then, different processes are evaluated in terms of economy, energy consumption, environment, and exergy loss. The results show that the process intensification scheme based on heat pump technology can effectively improve the economic and environmental benefits of the process, reducing the annual total cost (TAC) and gas emissions by 9.19% and 23.55%, respectively. This study provides the selection and reference for azeotrope separation of TAME and recycling of wastewater.

Design and control studies of six-phase interleaved boost converter for integrated energy efficiency improvement of green ship

The operation of offshore vessels is characterized by stable loads during normal voyages and significant load variations when leaving port or docking. Conventional ships emit large amounts of greenhouse gases during navigation. In the development of the modern shipbuilding industry, how to effectively reduce gas emissions during ship sailing is a challenging task that still remains under-explored. Green ships equipped with new energy power systems have a greater potential for application. They are equipped with fuel cells and lithium batteries as energy sources, and such a hybrid system requires a comprehensive energy management system to achieve the power distribution between the two energy sources. In this paper, a powerful 10kW six-phase interleaved boost converter (IBC) for the hybrid power generation system of ships is designed to manage the output power of the fuel cell. Firstly, the new circuit topology design principle and construction process are introduced. Later, a step-by-step current adjustment controller is designed for the converter to progressively enforce output current and a maximum limitation of the fuel cell. Afterwards, LTspice simulation is performed to verify the ripple suppression effect and stable anti-interference performance. Finally, the designed IBC has been experimentally constructed, including the input/output current and voltage sampling, temperature control and sampling, and other functions, significantly benefiting real-world marine high-power fuel cells. The stability, reasonableness and effectiveness of the designed IBC are further evaluated through the extensive experimental analyses.

Butanol and selective catalytic reduction of gaseous emissions in a heavy-duty diesel engine

The impact of renewable fuels and their blends on vehicle exhaust emissions remains of high interest. In this study, we investigate the effect of butanol on the conversion efficiency of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system installed on a commercial Euro V heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE). Exhaust emissions were measured upstream and downstream of the SCR during dynamometer tests using diesel fuel and various butanol-diesel blends (5/95 %v, 10/90 %v, and 20/80 %v). Steady-state tests according to the World Harmonized Stationary Cycle (WHSC) on an engine bench were conducted including measurements of nitrogen oxides (NOX), total hydrocarbons (THC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions utilizing a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The results showed a reduction in exhaust gas temperature (EGT) of around 4 % for a butanol content of 20 %. The use of butanol increased conversion efficiency of the SCR system by 4 % compared to diesel. The maximum SCR system conversion rate of around 96 % was obtained with a butanol content of 10 %. For all fuels, NOX conversion decreased at high engine loads (above 400 °C), while, as expected, was zero at low engine loads (below 200 °C). Reductions in CO and THC emissions were observed downstream of the SCR system. In general, this study shows that an SCR originally designed for a Euro V diesel engine can be equally effective when the engine is running on a partial blend of butanol.