Principles Of Redistribution Research Articles

Sustainable Development Revisited: Rethinking Growth-Centric Paradigms Through the Lens of the Sabbath

This paper argues that the current growth-centric paradigm of sustainable development is fundamentally flawed and proposes a paradigm shift towards the biblical concept of the Sabbath. It critiques the internal contradictions of the SDGs and challenges the unsustainable pursuit of infinite growth in addressing social and ecological crises. By exploring Sabbath's principles of rest, recalibration, and redistribution, the paper offers an ethical foundation for self-limitation and a basis for human identity beyond productivity—addressing the shortcomings of the degrowth movement. It proposes practical applications of Sabbath principles at individual, community, and structural levels, drawing upon empirical examples to demonstrate their potential as pathways to environmental justice. These multi-level applications aim to bridge the gap between the intentions of international agreements and impactful local action. The paper concludes that Sabbath presents a transformative vision for sustainable development and environmental justice, fostering a harmonious relationship between humanity and the planet. Keywords: Sustainability, Development, Sabbath, Degrowth, Capitalism, Environmental Justice, Poverty, Well-being, Ethics, Religion.

Global governance and a new social contract for education: Addressing power asymmetries

UNESCO’s 2021 Report Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education calls for principled dialogue and laudable commitment to education as a common good. At its heart is the call for a new social contract for education. This article interrogates the governance implications of such a principled social contract in the contemporary global education policy context, marked by power asymmetries between various actors, including state actors, non-state actors, and international agencies. It identifies several governance challenges in realizing this new social contract in the current dominant global discourse and in the international educational cooperation architecture. In light of these analyses, this article argues for an alternative framing of the governance of such a social contract, based on the principles of recognition, redistribution, and representation. The elements of such an approach, while reflected in the report, are not consolidated. This framing is one way through which the called-for new social contact can gain significant policy traction for social justice and the right to quality education for all.

Social Justice and Economic Sustainability: The Mitigation Role of Islamic Economics Against Natural Disasters

This article discusses the role of Islamic economic mitigation in achieving social justice and economic sustainability in the context of natural disasters. The main focus of this research is how the principles and instruments of Islamic economics, such as zakat, infaq, alms, waqf, andIslamic microfinance institutionscan be used to reduce the social and economic impact of natural disasters. Islamic economics, based on the principles of social justice and redistribution of wealth, offers a holistic and sustainable approach to dealing with disasters. These instruments are capable of providing immediate and effective assistance, as well as supporting long-term rehabilitation and development programs. This research uses a descriptive analysis method with a library research approach. The research results show that Islamic economics not only functions as an economic system, but also as a mechanism for achieving social justice and economic sustainability, which can significantly increase society's resilience to future disasters. This paper emphasizes that the application of Islamic economic principles can be an effective and sustainable solution in dealing with the macroeconomic impacts of natural disasters.

Priorities of Russia's social policy in the context of global social changes

The relevance of the topic chosen by the authors is determined by the very fact of global changes in the established social order taking place in the world, which create serious risks for the "welfare state" formed in the West after the Second World War. There is a transformation of the basic principles of the modern welfare state – the principles of social solidarity and social justice, the external and internal conditions for the modern state to perform its social functions are becoming more complicated. The ongoing global social transformations fully affect Russian society, especially since it was Russia that acted as their catalyst. Their socio–economic consequences for Russia are ambiguous. The purpose of this work is to analyze the identification of priorities of social policy in modern Russia in conditions associated with both risks and new opportunities in the context of global social changes. The main methodological basis of the research is theoretical scientific methods and a systematic approach. The interdisciplinary nature of the research within the framework of the identified issues requires the involvement of both the results of sociological research and a significant amount of data from domestic and international economic statistics. It is emphasized that in the field of social policy, which is initially based on the principles of redistribution of resources through the budget system, there are no solutions that provide all Russians with prospects for economic and social well-being. Given the complexity of developing universal government solutions capable of ensuring the realization of the social interests of all population groups, in order to preserve the solidarity of Russians in conditions of instability and resource constraints, it is necessary to identify the right priorities of social policy. Accordingly, the authors analyzed the main problems and prospects in the implementation of the main priorities of the social policy of the modern Russian state: overcoming inequality and poverty, support for the participants of the SVO and their families, family and demographic policy. The authors conclude that when developing and implementing social measures, the Russian state should avoid inflating "bubbles" of social obligations. In addition, it is necessary to keep in mind the limited budget resources and avoid "life on loan". Consequently, the authors substantiate the position on the need to implement the principles of rationality, targeting, and orientation towards solving the most acute social problems of modern Russian society in conditions of limited resources.

Формирование и функционирование социального государства в Испании

The article presents the history of the Spanish social support system development from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the XXI century. The purpose of the article is to analyze the background and features of the Spanish social policy. To study the development of the Spanish welfare state, the article uses the comparative historical approach and the analysis of institutions, legal documents and statistical data. The experience of Spain and other countries is compared, approaches to the typology of social policy are considered, economic factors and transformations of support measures and principles of redistribution are analyzed. Despite the fact that some trends manifested in Spain earlier than in other countries, the Spanish welfare state formed relatively late. The country has developed a unique configuration of social support, combining the German logic of a corporatist approach with a British universalist one. The Spanish experience of organizational decisions in the field of social policy is of interest, since Spain is facing the problem of an aging population against a background of persistently high unemployment creating serious pressure on the social system, which retains its functionality due to a periodic revision of priorities.

Effective Altruism, Islamic Philanthropy, and Public Welfare: A Critique

Islamic philanthropy is often seen as a major articulation of Islamic principles of wealth redistribution and social justice, especially in rural and peripheral areas. In this mainstream narrative, the economic mandate of Islam is seen from a prism of noblesse oblige and/or reformism, turning the Islamic notion of solidarity into an individualized obligation for charity and almsgiving. This embourgeoisement of Islamic economic ethics overlaps with and embodies the idea of Effective Altruism (EA), a utilitarian practical philosophy of philanthropy for the most pressing social causes which has grown into a gigantic industry-cum-fad of the global capitalist elites. This article presents a critique of EA, EA-adjacent practices of Islamic philanthropy, and alternative economic proposals for rural welfare. To do so, this article uses insights from critical studies of political thought, critical political economy, and solidarity economy literature as an analytical lens in analyzing EA and Islamic philanthropy and formulating a synthesis of Islamic economic ethics and alter-capitalist rural welfare practices and institutions. This paper concludes that Islamic philanthropy and EA have serious limitations in improving rural welfare, especially in Global South countries such as Indonesia, and shows alternative pathways for agrarian justice.

Trends in Development of Modern Siamese Literature

The processes of development of a new type of Siamese (Thai) literature are being considered, the gradual formation of which is attributed to the second half of the 19th century. Special attention is paid to the changes in the principles of redistribution of literary microsystems (genres) and the main types of literary art (poetry and prose) in the literary system of Siam. The key events that influenced the simplification of the artistic language of the new type of literature compared to its representation in traditionalist (classical) texts are briefly highlighted. The relevance of the research, related to its objectives, is seen in updating and supplementing the accumulated initial data and knowledge about Siamese (Thai) literature during its transition from a medieval type to an individual-creative one by Soviet and Russian philological science. The novelty of the research is due to the inclusion of information on the development of new Siamese literature, previously not presented in domestic scientific literature. It is proven that changes in the principles of redistribution of fundamental categories of poetics in Siamese (Thai) literature occurred in connection with its renewal and enrichment with new “foreign” forms that came from European literatures and were filled with content relevant to the Siamese literature’s perception.

Family in societal redistribution: a theoretical inquiry

PurposeThe family is one of the foundations of society; its significance for societal redistribution in modern societies, though, remains particularly unclear. A major reason for this is that theoretical approaches to societal redistribution have not adequately included family either in social philosophy or in welfare state theory. As a consequence, also empirical analyses of differences and developments in societal redistribution have not included family or only in as far as family is affected by other redistributive principles. This paper contributes to filling this theoretical gap.Design/methodology/approachThis paper theorises family as a redistributive principle. With reference to the major theoretical concepts of redistribution, it identifies the relevant dimensions of family in societal redistribution and develops a typology of its inclusion in societal redistribution.FindingsApproaches to redistribution are shaped by distinct concepts of equal or unequal exchange, the relevant actors they identify and by different understandings of the economy. These distinctions are central to understanding the position of family in societal redistribution. With reference to the major theoretical concepts of redistribution, this paper identifies the relevant dimensions of family in societal redistribution and develops a typology of its inclusion in societal redistribution. Further investigations might draw on this typology and detect the theoretical foundations of its conceptualisations and its similarities to and deviations from the developed types.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical groundwork for theoretical and empirical investigations of societal redistribution and for better comprehending its international variation. It aims to initiate a fundamental rethinking of the usual understanding of societal redistribution that widely ignores family as a redistributive principle of its own.

Philosophical Perspective of Islamic Economics: A Critical Approach to Capitalism and Materialism in the Context of Modernity

This study delves into the philosophical viewpoint of Islamic economics concerning capitalism and materialism within the context of modernity. It examines essential aspects like ownership, wealth distribution, and consumption from an Islamic economic perspective and employs a critical approach to analyze the interactions among capitalism, materialism, and modernity. The research adopts a qualitative analytical method, drawing insights from relevant literature and prior studies in the field. The collected data is scrutinized through the lens of Islamic economic principles and relevant philosophical perspectives. The results highlight how the philosophical standpoint of Islamic economics provides an alternative perspective on addressing capitalism and materialism in contemporary times. Islamic economic thought emphasizes principles of social justice, wealth redistribution, and consumption limitations as integral components. The study underscores the significance of integrating moral and ethical values into economic practices to achieve social and spiritual sustainability. By offering insights into the critique of capitalism and materialism from an Islamic economic standpoint, the research encourages further discussions on more sustainable and equitable economic alternatives.

A Dual-Mode Step-Down Converter with Automatic Mode Switch Circuit for System-on-Chip Applications

In this paper, a dual-mode step-down DC-DC converter with an automatic mode-switching circuit is implemented in a 28 nm digital CMOS process and embedded in an RF transceiver chip to power the digital part. The proposed automatic mode-switching circuit includes a frequency-voltage conversion circuit that is designed according to the principle of charge redistribution on capacitance. The converter can switch modes according to the load without external intervention. This converter, along with a PMU sequencer, can also provide a solution for low-power design for system-on-chip applications. The IC occupies a total die area of 0.378 mm2. The input voltage of the converter is 3.3 V, the output voltage is 1.05 V, and the maximum load current can reach 1 A. The converter shows a conversion efficiency of not less than 81% at a full load range and can achieve a peak conversion efficiency of 91% when the load current is 100 mA. The load range of the PWM mode is 1 A to 50 mA, and that of the PFM mode is 100 mA to 1 mA. The combination of zero-crossing detection circuitry and freewheel switches can reduce energy loss and eliminate additional electromagnetic interference.

Synchronous shield tunnelling technology combining advancement and segment fabrication: Principle, verification and application

Through the active control of shield thrust system oil pressures, a synchronous shield tunnelling technology combining advancement and segment fabrication was proposed. The key to this technology was to completely exploit the additional stroke of the hydraulic jacks generated by the axial insertion of a key block to assemble the segments. Taking the tunnelling project of the Shanghai Airport Railway Link Line as a demonstration project, this paper uses a large model test platform for this synchronous technology. A single-ring construction process along a straight line was simulated, in which the theoretical external loads were implemented on the shield machine. The feasibility and reliability of this synchronous technology were evaluated considering the accuracy of total thrust force control, maintenance of tunnelling speed and shield postures and segment compression. The effectiveness of the redistribution principle for the missing thrust force due to the withdrawal of cylinders located in the segment fabrication region was discussed. Furthermore, some other interesting phenomena were observed in the practical application in addition to the model test. This technology primarily realizes synchronous assembly by improving the control of the propulsion system of conventional shield machines without any transformation of the shield machine’s primary structure, segment patterns or excavation method. The proposed method has good adaptability and a low construction cost, which will be beneficial for future long-distance tunnelling projects.

Curricular justice and contemporary schooling: Towards a rich, common curriculum for all students

Despite the commitment by governments and educational leaders to high-quality and high-equity systems, the defining features of contemporary schooling in Australia and elsewhere are increasing inequality and the uneven distribution of educational opportunities and outcomes. Therefore, it is timely to consider what the concept of curricular justice means for schooling in the twenty-first century. This paper argues for a rich, common curriculum that provides all young people with learning choices that have relevance to their worlds, contribute to the preparation for work or further education, alongside opportunities for engagement with a broader knowledge base connected to critical understandings of culture and society. We contend that a knowledge + plus curriculum is one that is committed to the tripartite social justice principles of redistribution, recognition and representation, which brings together powerful knowledge and young people’s community funds of knowledge in a common curriculum. Such a common curriculum is essential for a common schooling, which can deliver on the promise of a high-quality and high-equity education system for all young people.

Fully Integrated Line Array Angular Displacement Sensing Chip

The angular displacement sensor is a digital angular displacement measurement device that integrates optics, mechanics, and electronics. It has important applications in communication, servo control, aerospace, and other fields. Although conventional angular displacement sensors can achieve extremely high measurement accuracy and resolution, they cannot be integrated because complex signal processing circuitry is required at the photoelectric receiver, which limits their suitability for robotics and automotive applications. The design of a fully integrated line array angular displacement-sensing chip is presented for the first time using a combination of pseudo-random and incremental code channel designs. Based on the charge redistribution principle, a fully differential 12-bit, 1 MSPS sampling rate successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is designed for quantization and subdivision of the incremental code channel output signal. The design is verified with a 0.35 μm CMOS process and the area of the overall system is 3.5 × 1.8 mm2. The fully integrated design of the detector array and readout circuit is realized for the angular displacement sensing.

Modeling of risk cascading propagation in project portfolio network

Project portfolio networks (PPNs) are becoming increasingly interdependent at multiple levels to better realize enterprises’ strategic objectives. However, interdependencies between PPN components increase the potential for risk cascading propagation and amplify the impact of certain risks into the collapse of the entire PPN. To maintain PPN robustness and controllability, it is necessary to study the risk cascading propagation process in PPN. First, the PPN is constructed based on a scale-free network generation algorithm. Second, a risk cascading propagation model of the PPN is developed using a load capacity model. Four different mixed strategies are proposed to explore the effect of risk cascading propagation on the PPN, and a numerical simulation is applied to examine the robustness and controllability of the PPN under different strategies. The results show that the nonlinear load capacity model with the initial residual capacity redistribution principle provides optimal robustness against risk cascading propagation. When the management capacity redundancy reaches a certain value, PPN has better risk cascading propagation controllability, regardless of the mixed strategy. These results provide a basis for managers to protect against risk cascading propagation and improve PPN robustness and controllability in a specific context. The proposed model can also enrich project portfolios and risk management theory.

Effects of warping shear deformation on the torsional load-bearing behaviour of assembled half-shell structures for wind energy towers

This paper deals with an extended analytical calculation model for the torsional load-bearing behaviour of assembled half-shell structures. The objective is to transfer the complex torsional load-bearing behaviour of segmented tower constructions into a simplified and mechanically comprehensible bar model. The presented approach determines the proportional load-bearing effects of shear force and torsion of a cut out single half-shell for a global torsional load based on the deformation equilibrium. The previous model approach – including the principle of load redistribution and the flexibility method – leads to a slenderness-independent determination of the load-bearing components. The developed method enables the specific isolation of the geometric influencing variables by separating the deformation-depending partial internal forces. In addition, the deformation approach can be used to investigate the influence of warping shear softness on the load-bearing behaviour of compact reinforced concrete segments with vertical joints according to the extended warping theory. Compared to the extended first-order warping torsion, the significantly simplified deformation calculation based on the second-order tension rod analogy leads to sufficiently accurate results. In general, the internal force calculation is considered to be extremely sensitive to the smallest changes, so that the improved and much more accurate approach finds its application. The numerical validation leads to very good matches of the internal forces as well as the deformations and stresses.

Must a Just Distribution of Emissions Shares Respect Territorial Claims to Terrestrial Sink Capacity?

A central task of climate justice is to agree upon a just distribution of the right to emit greenhouse gases. According to the equal per capita shares view, the right to emit should be divided equally between every inhabitant of Earth, since to emit is to use up the resource of atmospheric absorptive capacity, and this is a resource to which no one person has any stronger claim than any other. The fact that a significant proportion of the Earth’s ability to absorb and sequester greenhouse gases actually comes not from the atmosphere, but from terrestrial climate sinks that are located within national borders, and that are therefore plausibly subject to legitimate territorial claims, poses a serious challenge to the intuitive egalitarian simplicity of the equal per capita shares view. A defence of this view, then, is tantamount to a defence of the redistribution of terrestrial sink capacity, and therefore must involve either (1) an argument against the legitimacy of territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity, or (2) an argument for why legitimate territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity should nevertheless be ignored in favour of an equal per capita distribution of emissions shares. One strategy for doing so involves applying Charles Beitz’s resource redistribution principle to terrestrial sink capacity. Some authors have argued that this strategy will fail due to important differences between the nature of ‘conventional’ natural resources, and the nature of a resource link climate sink capacity. In this paper, I consider five arguments to this effect that seek to establish the legitimacy of territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity. Respectively, they appeal to attachment, identity, self-determination, improvement and fairness in order to do so. I argue that each one either fails to establish the legitimacy of territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity, or, where they do plausibly establish legitimacy, they do so in a way that renders them vulnerable to type-(2) objections that suggest territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity should nevertheless be ignored. I conclude that, if one is willing to adopt the resource redistribution principle, a just distribution of emissions shares need not respect territorial claims to terrestrial sink capacity.

Family as a redistributive principle of welfare states: An international comparison

Redistribution is one of the main characteristics of the welfare state, and welfare state research has dealt intensely with various facets of it. The main focus in analysing redistribution is on the redistributive logics of welfare states in terms of work-related rights. Family as a major principle of welfare state redistribution, though, has hardly been included in these welfare state analyses. It has mainly been addressed by analysing outcome data or by analysing care as the most relevant characteristic of the family. We argue, though, that comparative welfare state analysis that addresses differences in welfare state intended redistribution needs to also include family as a redistributive principle to gain a more complete picture of societal redistribution. In this study, we are analysing the redistributive logics of welfare states in terms of family. We answer the question of how and in how far welfare states institutionalize family as a redistributive principle. We examine by means of the tax–benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD and its Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT) welfare state regulations on family for three countries that are generally classed as different regime types. We differentiate between a great variety of family forms (referring to marital status, children and different forms of couples’ income distribution) to adequately test our theoretical assumptions. The findings show that family is a major redistributive principle of the welfare states analysed here and applied in different redistributive logics to the various family forms. This, then, results in an increase in income for certain family forms and a decrease in income for other family forms. These differences are not the result of one coherent set of regulations, but of an interplay of in part contradictory regulations that reflect a great variety of family-related redistributive logics within the single countries. Thus our study provides new insights into the redistributive logics of welfare states, and may contribute to the analysis of welfare state complexity in terms of theory, methodology and empirics.

«…Перед советским правительством вопрос нужно поставить ребром…». Документы и ма-териалы по истории административно-территориального разграничения Горской АССР и Кабардино-Балкарской автономной области в 1922–1924 гг.

Autonomous Region, the problem of administrative-territorial delimitation from the Mountain ASSR is crucial. The administrative-territorial process was described by contradictions regarding the ownership of both individual parts of territories and entire settlements. Conducted by the Cen-ter until the mid-1920s, resolutions containing various forms of resolving ethnic-territorial con-tradictions were based on the principle of redistribution of the all-mountain land fund. Here, this meant the need for significant territorial concessions from Kabarda. This circumstance was an important factor that determined the national-political positioning not only of the Kabardian peo-ple but also of the Kabardian part of the Soviet leadership of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autono-mous Region. In cases that concerned the solution of the ethnic territorial demarcation problems with neighboring peoples, the leadership of Kabardino-Balkaria allowed itself a very tough posi-tion in relation to the policy of the Soviet government. The published documents and materials make it possible to understand that the establishment of administrative-territorial boundaries was not an “external” formal support for the process of formation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Auton-omous Region, but its essential aspect. In the eyes of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria and the elite groups representing them, some or other solutions to ethnic territorial problems created the essence and meaning of autonomy.

СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНІ ФАКТОРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Culture is seen as an additional resource for increasing labor productivity and the efficiency of state institutions. The main objective of the article is to develop methodological foundations for the study of culture as a factor in economic processes. The issue of the role of social and cultural norms in the behavior of economic agents and the overall functioning of the economic system is not new. The study of non-economic factors in economic processes has become a hallmark of representatives of institutionalism. The concept of behavioral economics has gained considerable popularity in the last decade. Public cooperation on the basis of patching and harmonization of personal (including economic) interests of economic individuals according to certain property rights, rules of interaction determines the processes of both household management and economic activity in general. Culture begins to take shape at the stage of individual life as a materialized result of labor, but its development acquires exceptional conditions of social interaction. Socio-cultural environment is a basic element of a social system that unites its members in time and space and explains the expediency of interaction, the principles of coexistence, establishes the rules for coordinating interests between members of one society and with representatives of other cultural traditions. All this will manifest itself in the social and institutional structure of society, the operation of formal institutions, the principles of exchange, the distribution and redistribution of property and sources of wealth, the definition of value, the prestige of work, and the structure of the division of labor. Culture acts as a prerequisite, a management tool and a result of socio-economic development. In the context of a competitive struggle for well-being, culture (as a system of values) without a proper material and technical basis turns into one of the factors of superiority, but not the key one. Without proper material support, the development of culture is impossible. The study of economic processes in the context of socio-cultural processes is fully consistent with the principles of the civilizational paradigm and interdisciplinary approach. Rejection of the analysis of non-economic factors significantly limits economic analysis. The unity of socio-cultural and economic is inherent in the very nature of the science of economic activity.

Left-Wing Democrats in US contemporary political system

The current state of the progressive movement in the political life of the United States is analyzed. It is noted that the movement took shape politically in the early 1990s with the formation of a small faction of progressives in the House of Representatives of the US Congress. From the very beginning, the faction promoted left-wing socialist ideas, believing that the processes of globalization would only increase social differentiation in American society in terms of income distribution and accumulated wealth. The financial and economic crisis of 2007-2009 contributed to the transformation of the progressive movement into an important political force in modern America. The ideological and political polarization of American society in the 2010s contributed to the growth of not only right-wing, but also left-wing populism. As a result, in the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections Progressives played an important political role, contributing to the victory in 2020 of the Democratic candidate J. Biden. In the 116th and 117th Congresses the Progressive faction amounted to almost 100 representatives, or about 40% of the total number of Democrats in the House of Representatives. The conquest of the White House and the establishment of control of the Democratic Party over both houses of the US Congress allowed the Progressive Democrats Caucus for the first time to develop its own program of social and economic transformation in American society in the amount of about $2.5 trln to be spent within 10 years. The program is based on the principles of large-scale redistribution of financial resources from large corporations and the wealthiest segments of American society in favor of the poor and the American middle class. In addition to socio-economic reforms, the program includes the allocation of hundreds of billions of dollars to combat climate change and the gradual transition of the American economy to the "green technologies". The bill passed the US House of Representatives in November 2021, but its further fate is uncertain, since in the Senate its main opponent in the ranks of the Democratic Party was West Virginia Senator J. Manchin. It is entirely possible that in 2022 the Democrats will still be able to get parts of the Build Back Better legislation passed through Congress. In conclusion, the life path and political career of a native of India, P. Jayapal, who has been the chairman of the Progressive Democrats Caucus in the US Congress for the past three years, are covered. It is noted that, unlike past historical epochs when the main “social elevator” for immigrants of the first wave was the business sector, at present, the struggle for the rights of racial, ethnic and gender minorities plays such role.