Redistribution Strategy Research Articles

Electronegativity- induced cobalt-doped platinum hollow nanospheres with high CO tolerance for efficient methanol oxidation reaction

Although Platinum (Pt)-based alloys have garnered significant interest within the realm of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), there still exists a notable dearth in the exploration of the catalytic behavior of the liquid fuels on well-defined active sites and unavoidable Pt poisoning because of the adsorbed CO species (COads). Here, we propose an electronegativity-induced electronic redistribution strategy to optimize the adsorption of crucial intermediates for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) by introducing the Co element to form the PtCo alloys. The optimal PtCo hollow nanospheres (HNSs) exhibit excellent high-quality activity of 3.27 A mgPt−1, which is 11.6 times and 13.1 times higher than that of Pt/C and pure Pt, respectively. The in-situ Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy validates that electron redistribution could weak CO adsorption, and subsequently decrease the CO poisoning adjacent the Pt active sites. Theoretical simulations result show that the introduction of Co optimize surface electronic structure and reduce the d-band center of Pt, thus optimized the adsorption behavior of COads. This study not only employs a straightforward method for the preparation of Pt-based alloys but also delineates a pathway toward designing advanced active sites for MOR via electronegativity-induced electronic redistribution.

Enhanced Li-O2 battery performance using NiS/MoS2 heterostructure by building internal electric field to promote the one-electron oxygen reduction/oxidation

Electrocatalysts with appropriate electron coupling toward LiO2 intermediates can exhibit superior oxygen reduction/evolution reaction kinetics in Li-O2 batteries (LOBs). In this work, a charge redistribution strategy has been developed by constructing NiS/MoS2 heterostructure nanosheet self-assembled hollow microspheres with an internal electric field to regulate the interaction with LiO2 and then improve the electrochemical performance of LOBs. Density functional theory calculations and physicochemical characterizations reveal that the difference of work functions between NiS and MoS2 promotes the electron redistribution in heterointerface via built-in electrical field, leading to increased electron density of interfacial Ni atom, thereby enhancing its electron coupling toward LiO2 intermediates and promoting one-electron oxygen reduction/oxidation reaction kinetics. As a result, the NiS/MoS2-based LOBs exhibit evidently higher discharge capacity and much better cycling performance than the batteries using NiS and MoS2. This work provides a reliable charge redistribution strategy induced by build-in electric field to design efficient catalysts for LOBs.

Enhanced whale optimization algorithm for dependent tasks offloading problem in multi-edge cloud computing

In this paper, we introduce the Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm (EWA) to optimize dependent task offloading in a multi-edge cloud computing environment. Our proposed algorithm aims to identify the most suitable offloading scenario for dependent tasks, focusing on minimizing total processing latency, energy consumption, and associated costs. We operate within a system comprising many decentralized Mobile Edge Computing servers (MECs) and a centralized cloud server. Two novel improvement operations, namely Frame Shifting (FS) and Load Redistribution Strategy (LRS), are introduced to enhance the performance of the whale algorithm. Through simulation, our results demonstrate the superior performance of EWA. Specifically, compared to the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), EWA achieves a remarkable reduction in latency by 22.84%, a substantial decrease in energy consumption by 78.28%, and a notable reduction in cost usage by 61.47%. These outcomes underscore the efficacy and practical significance of the proposed EWA in addressing the challenges posed by dependent task offloading in the multi-edge cloud computing landscape.

Empowering the Ummah: Innovative Economic Strategies for Development

This paper mainly discusses the strategies for the economic development of the Islamic countries, to understand better what economic development is, it is necessary to understand the definition of some terms such as economy, strategy, economic strategy, and Islamic economy. After the definition of the terms, the paper discusses some characteristics of a strategy that can work for of a country or an organization, objectives of economic strategy, and characteristics of economic strategy which says that a strategy should be inclusive, directed to an open system, should be mandatory time based, should be clear and persuasive, make sure the participation for all, should pass the stages of making strategy, have to be flexible and should allocate resources. After that, the topic discusses 6 kinds of economic strategies that countries use for their economic development such as monetary strategy, open economy strategy, manufacturing strategy, the green revolution strategy, redistribution strategy, and socialist development strategy. Then the paper discusses an understanding of welfare and it generally includes the basic needs of a human, and then the paper mentions some points about the economic welfare according to Islam, that Islam encourages us to work and have the commitment for developing the world as we are also ordered to worship Allah and make our life better in the hereafter life, and finally I finished the discussion by a conclusion from the paper.

Dietary shift can enhance the environmental benefits of crop redistribution

Crop redistribution is widely recognized as an effective means of reducing the environmental costs of agricultural production without technological improvements. However, changes in food supply driven by dietary shift are rarely taken into account in crop redistribution. Based on inventory analysis of water consumption, land demand and carbon emission in crops production, this study constructed a linear optimization model to explore crop redistribution strategy and the saving potential of environmental costs in context of dietary shift. The results showed that crops production in 2030 would increase water consumption by 2.84%, land demand by 1.19%, and carbon emission by 1.31% compared with 2020 if the diet remained unchanged. Crop redistribution considering dietary shift provided an effective approach to achieve significant environmental benefits, including reductions in water consumption of 3.33%–14.91%, arable land use of 1.13%–13.90%, and carbon emission of 6.17%–20.26% compared to the baseline scenario, among which, dietary shift contributed 2.64 ± 6.12%, 0.75 ± 7.06%, and 1.32 ± 7.19%, respectively. The findings highlighted that appropriate dietary shift could enhance the environmental benefits of crop redistribution. Insights into the dietary shift and concomitant environmental benefits debate on crop redistribution have important policy implications for improving the sustainability of agricultural production.

Effect of sludge redistribution strategy on stability of partial nitrification-anammox process: Further exploration of the potential value of sludge

The stability of the two-stage partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) system was compromised by the inappropriate conversion of insoluble organic matter. In response, a sludge redistribution strategy was implemented. Through the redistribution of PN sludge and anammox sludge in the two-stage PN/A system, a transition was made to the Anammox-single stage PN/A (A-PN/A) system. This specific functional reorganization, facilitated by the rapid reorganization of microbial communities, has the potential to significantly decrease the current risk of suppression. The results of the study showed that implementing the sludge redistribution strategy led to a substantial enhancement in the total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) by 87.51%, accompanied by a significant improvement of 34.78% in the chemical oxygen demand removal rate (CRR). Additionally, this approach resulted in a remarkable two-thirds reduction in the aeration requirements. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the strategy enriched anammox and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria while limiting denitrifying bacteria, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, the principal component analysis revealed that the location and duration of aeration had direct and indirect effects on functional gene expression and the evolution of microbial communities. This study emphasizes the potential benefits of restructuring microbial communities through a sludge redistribution strategy, especially in integrated systems that encounter challenges with suppression.

Influence of slit asymmetry on blow-off and flashback in methane/hydrogen laminar premixed burners

One way to decarbonize the heat production sector is to gradually replace natural gas with hydrogen. The design of laminar premixed burners capable of operating with both methane and hydrogen is however challenging as these fuels have drastically different burning properties, which narrows the operating range. While methane flames face limitations in stabilization due to blow-off at high power, hydrogen flames tend to be susceptible to flashback at low power. This study investigates the effects of slits symmetry breaking on the blow-off of methane flames and flashback of hydrogen flames through two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of canonical asymmetrical slit configurations, revealing uneven interactions between the main openings and smaller auxiliary slits. The equations governing the reactive flow dynamics are coupled to a heat transfer solver in the solid phase to elucidate the thermal and hydrodynamic mechanisms determining the operability limits. Viscous dissipation in the small auxiliary slits together with a substantial preheating of the fresh gases by heat redistribution through the solid phase is found to govern flame stabilization in asymmetrical geometries, improving blow-off resistance of methane-air flames. Then, flashback of hydrogen-air flame is found to be driven by the competition between (i) the mass flow rate distribution between the main and auxiliary slits, (ii) preheating of the gas through the auxiliary slits and (iii) the ability of the main and auxiliary slits to quench the flame. The interplay of these phenomena gives rise to complex behaviors, wherein asymmetrical configurations could exhibit significantly enhanced resistance to flashback compared to symmetrical geometries. This conclusion, verified for different burner thicknesses and slit spacing, may be used to guide the design of fuel-flexible laminar burners.Novelty and significance statement1. Analyzing the effect of slits symmetry breaking on blow-off of methane flames and flashback of hydrogen flames for multi-perforated laminar burners.2. Defining a strategy for wall heat flux redistribution to assess the asymmetrical interaction between the main and auxiliary flames through the flame-holder.3. Demonstrating and explaining the positive impact of symmetry breaking on the blow-off resistance of methane flames.4. Highlighting the substantial and non-monotonous impact of symmetry breaking on hydrogen flame flashback.5. Identifying the interplay of thermal and hydrodynamic mechanisms in asymmetrical slits leading to improvement of flashback resistance for hydrogen-air flames compared to symmetrical configurations.

Interface Ionic/Electronic Redistribution Driven by Conversion-Alloy Reaction for High-Performance Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

NASICON-type Na+ conductors show a great potential to realize high performance and safety for solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSSMBs) owing to their superior ionic conductivity, high chemical stability, and low cost. However, the interfacial incompatibility and sodium dendrite hazards still hinder its applications. Herein, a conversion-alloy reaction-induced interface ionic/electronic redistribution strategy, constructing a gradient sodiophilic and electron-blocking interphase consisting of sodium-tin (Na-Sn) alloy and sodium fluoride (NaF) between NASICON ceramic electrolyte and Na anode is proposed. The NaxSny alloy-rich layer near the side of the sodium electrode acts as a superior conductor to enhance the anodic sodium-ion transport dynamics while the NaF-rich layer near the side of the ceramic electrolyte serves as an electron insulator to confine the interfacial electron turning ability, achieving uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition during the cycling. Profiting from the synergistic effect of the gradient interphase, the critical current density (CCD) of the assembled Na symmetric cell is significantly increased to 1.7mAcm-2 and the cycling stability of that is as high as 1200h at 0.5mAcm-2. Moreover, quasi-solid-state sodium batteries with both Na3V2(PO4)3 and NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode display outstanding electrochemical performance.

Research on energy redistribution of hybrid vehicle considering thermal constraints

Thermal management is one of the key factors affecting the performance of hybrid vehicles. However, most traditional energy management strategies lack the consideration of thermal constraints under harsh operating conditions. In this paper, taking a specific type of diesel-electric hybrid system as the research object, a strategy for energy redistribution under thermal management constraints is proposed. The diesel-electric hybrid system model is built and verified. Based on the model, the cooling capacity indexes are selected, and the weight coefficient of each cooling capacity index is determined by neighborhood component analysis. Then a comprehensive thermal evaluation system is obtained. Combined with the thermal evaluation system, the energy redistribution strategy based on the momentum gradient descent method is proposed. Two typical working conditions of high altitude and battery cooling system deterioration are selected, and the energy redistribution strategy is simulated and analyzed in real-time under both working conditions. The results show that the energy redistribution strategy can significantly improve the thermal state of the system at the expense of less overall energy consumption, take into account the economy and thermal balance, and ensure the reliable operation of the vehicle.

Utilizing an electron redistribution strategy to inhibit the leaching of sulfur from CeO2/NiCo2S4 heterostructure for high-efficiency oxygen evolution

Developing highly active and robust transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a challenge. Herein, we report an electron redistribution mechanism that involves the metal-sulfur (M-S) bond stabilization triggered by electron transfer from Ce to Ni and Co in CeO2/NiCo2S4 heterostructure, thereby effectively inhibiting the leaching of sulfur from CeO2/NiCo2S4 during the OER process. Moreover, the well-modulated heterogeneous interface enables optimal adsorption affinity for oxygen intermediates and reduces the energy barrier of OER. As a result, CeO2/NiCo2S4 exhibits superior OER activity with ultralow overpotentials of 146 and 271 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. More importantly, CeO2/NiCo2S4 possesses excellent durability for over 200 h at 500 mA cm−2, surpassing individual NiCo2S4 and most of the reported TMCs-based electrocatalysts. This work provides new insights for achieving good compatibility of TMCs-based OER electrocatalysts in terms of high activity and stability.

Analysis of Controllability in Cyber–Physical Power Systems under a Novel Load-Capacity Model

In cyber–physical power systems (CPPSs), system collapse can occur as a result of a failure in a particular component. In this paper, an approach is presented to build the load-capacity model of CPPSs using the concept of electrical betweenness and information entropy, which takes into account real-time node loads and the allocation of power and information flows within CPPSs. By introducing an innovative load redistribution strategy and comparing it with conventional load distribution strategies, the superior effectiveness of the proposed strategy in minimizing system failures and averting system collapses has been demonstrated. The controllability of the system after cascading failures under different coupling strategies and capacity parameters is investigated through the analysis of different information network topologies and network parameters. It was observed that CPPSs constructed using small-world networks, which couple high-degree nodes from the information network to high-betweenness nodes from the power grid, exhibit improved resilience. Furthermore, increasing the capacity parameter of the power network yields more favorable results compared to increasing the capacity parameter of the information network. In addition, our research results are validated using the IEEE 39-node system and the Chinese 132-node system.

Taxation, democracy, and inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant linkages for sustainable development goals

AbstractGiven that the linear linkage between taxation and income inequality remains unclear, especially in Sub‐Saharan African countries, it is critical to explore how the redistribution channel of the tax system could mitigate income inequality within democratic institutions. Using the instrumental variable approach for robust analysis, this study explores the panel dataset of 42 Sub‐Saharan African countries from 1996–2014. The following findings are documented. First, both unconditional linkages between taxation and democracy overwhelmingly reduce income inequality. Second, harnessing democracy with taxation has a net effect that reduces income inequality. Overall, this study establishes that a strong democratic system strengthens the tax system for an income redistribution strategy to enhance income equality. This study is relevant for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SGD) 1 on poverty reduction, SDG 10 on inequality, and SDG 16 on strong institutions.Related ArticlesGatchair, Sonia D. 2015. “Ideology and Interests in Tax Administration Reform in Jamaica.” Politics & Policy 43(6): 887–913. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12139.Nchofoung, Tii, Simplice Asongu, Vanessa Tchamyou, and Ofeh Edoh. 2022. “Gender, Political Inclusion, and Democracy in Africa: Some Empirical Evidence.” Politics & Policy 51(1): 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12505.Wang, Yingyao. 2017. “Why Tax Policy Is Not Politics in China: Public Finance and China's Changing State‐Society Relations.” Politics & Policy 45(2): 194–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12200.

Robustness of Double-Layer Group-Dependent Combat Network with Cascading Failure

The networked combat system-of-system (CSOS) is the trend of combat development with the innovation of technology. To achieve the combat effectiveness, studying the ability of CSOS to cope with external interference is of great importance. Here we report a modeling method of CSOS from the perspective of complex networks and explore the robustness of the combat network based on this. Firstly, a more realistic double-layer heterogeneous dependent combat network model is established. Then, the conditional group dependency situation is considered to design failure rules for dependent failure, and the coupling relation between the double-layer subnets is analyzed for overload failure. Based on this, the initial load and capacity of the node are defined, respectively, as well as the load redistribution strategy and the status judgment rules for the cascading failure model. Simulation experiments are carried out by changing the attack modes and different parameters, and the results show that the robustness of the combat network can be effectively improved by improving the tolerance limit of one-way dependency of the functional net, the node capacity of the functional subnet, and the tolerance of the overload state. The conclusions of this paper can provide a useful reference for network structure optimization and network security protection in the military field.

Resilience Assessment for Streamline Network of Transportation Hub Complex Based on Service Performance

A resilient transportation hub complex affected by a disturbance can maintain minimum performance and rapidly resume operations, while dealing with growing service demands imposed by the unfolding disturbance management. To strengthen the disturbance response ability and achieve postdisturbance rapid recovery, this paper proposes a hybrid approach that integrates a theoretical framework, failure model, and restoration model to assess the resilience of the streamline network of the transportation hub complex. In the resilience assessment framework, system performance is chosen as the key proxy for resilience, which is measured based on a service performance index. Subsequently, a failure model is designed to determine the service performance loss of a streamline network following a disturbance. To obtain maximum service performance, we propose a restoration model that integrates an optimal recovery sequencing strategy and a load redistribution strategy. A test example is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. This approach can be used as a decision tool to estimate streamline network resilience and provide useful references for developing future policies.

Robustness of community networks against cascading failures with heterogeneous redistribution strategies

Network robustness is one of the core contents of complex network security research. This paper focuses on the robustness of community networks with respect to cascading failures, considering the nodes influence and community heterogeneity. A novel node influence ranking method, community-based Clustering–LeaderRank (CCL) algorithm, is first proposed to identify influential nodes in community networks. Simulation results show that the CCL method can effectively identify the influence of nodes. Based on node influence, a new cascading failure model with heterogeneous redistribution strategy is proposed to describe and analyze node fault propagation in community networks. Analytical and numerical simulation results on cascading failure show that the community attribute has an important influence on the cascading failure process. The network robustness against cascading failures increases when the load is more distributed to neighbors of the same community instead of different communities. When the initial load distribution and the load redistribution strategy based on the node influence are the same, the network shows better robustness against node failure.

Compliance of public health facilities with essential medicines and health supplies redistribution guidelines in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda: a mixed-methods study

IntroductionRedistribution of essential medicines and health supplies (EMHS) is a mechanism to address supply chain uncertainty by moving excess stock of health commodities from health facilities that are overstocked to health facilities with shortages, where it is most needed. It prevents the wastage of scarce resources and improves efficiency within a health supply chain system. Many public health facilities in Uganda experience stock-outs, overstocking, and expiry of essential medicines. This study assessed the compliance of public health facilities with the Uganda Ministry of Health redistribution strategy for EMHS in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted among 55 respondents at public health facility level and five key informants at the district level. Audio-recorded data were transcribed and coded to develop themes. Thematic analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti Version 8.5. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 24.0.ResultsAbout a third (33%) of the surveyed health facilities complied with EMHS redistribution guidelines. Respondents agreed that EMHS redistribution had helped reduce health commodity expiries and stock-outs in health facilities. Respondents who did not know about the timely release of funds for redistribution were 68% less likely to comply, and those who said the guidelines were never shared were 88% less likely to comply with the guidelines.ConclusionsCompliance with the EMHS redistribution guidelines was low and associated with failure to share the guidelines with staff and inadequate awareness about release funds for EMHS redistribution. The district local government should allocate more funds to the EMHS redistribution.

Neighborhood characteristics encouraging micromobility: An observational study for tourists and local users

This paper provides insight on the factors associated with shared micromobility usage in urban areas exploring the influence of socio-demographic factors and elements of the built environment at a fine level of analysis using spatial regression techniques. In this context, this study aims to extend existing knowledge on the subject differentiating from existing literature in three aspects: 1) conducting an analysis in a European city, and particularly a city in France, which has been a pioneer in the use of micromobility services; 2) Exploring differences between trips made by locals and trips made by foreign tourists revealing variations in usage patterns; 3) Introducing new variables associated with urban density and parking availability, as well as aesthetic attractiveness and touristic attractions. Results show that areas with increased percentage of young population present higher e-scooter trip density. Average income also has a positive effect, and this effect is higher in parts of the city where low incomes are observed. The presence of public transport stations, as well as shops and restaurants, increase e-scooter rides in an area. Local roads and cycling infrastructure encourage e-scooter usage, with this effect being stronger for areas in proximity to some major road segment. Finally, high density areas and areas where finding parking is difficult and costly, are also associated with higher e-scooter use. Results can help urban planners in local policy implementation, and shared mobility operators in vehicle redistribution strategy and fleet sizing.

An Algorithm Based on Improved K_shell Key Node Identification of the Power Grid Integrated with Renewable Energy

In this paper, we propose an improved K_shell algorithm for identifying the key nodes of a power grid. This method is improved on the basis of the original Ks value calculation with the degree as the index. The electrical characteristics in the power grid are weighted to the network measure and then added as the new Ks value. The new key nodes are selected by iteratively refreshing the network. Additionally, combined with an entropy weight method, the comprehensive weights of the above indicators are reported from objective viewpoints to obtain key nodes of the power grid. Then, an IEEE 39-bus system is used for simulation. The results show that the key nodes can be identified more accurately by comprehensively considering the structural and electrical characteristics of the power grid by establishing multidimensional indicators and comparing the results with those of other studies. Finally, taking full account of the electrical information of the grid node and its neighboring nodes, a reasonable load redistribution strategy for faulty nodes is formulated, which more effectively reflects the grid performance by comparing it with the Thiel entropy method and the maximum flow method in the literature. The results show that the proposed method improves the influences of key nodes on the grid load by 5.6%, and improves the network efficiency by 15.7%.

A physics-informed learning approach to Bernoulli-type free boundary problems

• A PINN methodology for a Bernoulli free boundary variational problem is proposed. • Quasi Monte-Carlo integration methods are used in the learning process of the PINN. • A redistribution strategy of domain points based on solution's Laplacian is developed. • Analysis on convex and non-convex domains assess the PINN reliability. Bernoulli free boundary problems (BFBP) govern many real applications, from chemistry to fluid dynamics. BFBP are overdetermined differential models in which the boundary of the solution's domain appears as an unknown. This work provides a variational formulation for BFBP, and a computational method focused on the novel methodology of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is proposed. It consists in training a neural network to approximate the solution of the differential problem, minimizing a suitable cost function built, taking into account the physics constraint given by the model. In particular, since physics laws are injected through a loss function containing integral terms in our case, an approach based on quasi Monte-Carlo integration methods has been implemented. Moreover, an adaptive strategy to increase the model accuracy, exploiting topological information related to the shape of the solution, has been developed. Finally, when available, comparisons with the analytical solutions and studies in the case of non-convex domains assess the reliability of the PINN approach in the examined context.

Engineering electron redistribution of bimetallic phosphates with CeO2 enables high-performance overall water splitting

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with Pt-like electronic structures are anticipated to be potential candidates for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. However, the strong binding strength between metallic active sites in TMPs and intermediates hinders the enhancement of their electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we used surface CeO2-decorated strategy to regulate surface electron distribution of bimetallic phosphides and achieve the enhanced HER activity. Taking NiCoP nanowire arrays as an example, the surface-modified CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2-NiCoP) make the surface electrons redistribute, promoting the transfer of electrons from NiCoP to CeO2. As a result, the d-band center of metal active sites in CeO2-NiCoP is negatively shifted, resulting in the optimized binding strength with H intermediates. Therefore, CeO2-NiCoP exhibits significantly enhanced HER catalytic activity with low overpotentials of 84, 202 and 242 mV at the current densities of 10, 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, much lower than those of NiCoP counterparts (ƞ10 = 142 mV, ƞ500 = 349 mV, ƞ1000 = 427 mV). Furthermore, we extend this surface electron redistribution strategy to other bimetallic phosphides and similar trends are observed. Finally, a double-electrode electrolyzer based on CeO2-NiCoP is assembled to achieve a low cell voltage of 1.80 V at a current density of 1000 mA cm−2 under simulated industrial conditions, as well as excellent stability. This work provides a feasible method to design highly active and stable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting via regulating electronic structure of TMPs, and enlightens a new mentality in terms of designing surface active sites of catalysts.