Red Nose Research Articles

Association of greening bacterium with fruit morphological disorder ‘Waywar’ in monsoon cropping of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) grown in central India

Abstract In the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and the surrounding parts of central India, Waywar (citrus greening bacterium) fruit disorder, also known as wasteful fruit disorder, is a common manifestation of Nagpur mandarin fruit. In Vidarbha, the condition is also known as cock bund, while in China, it is called ‘Red Nose.’ According to early research, this condition is caused by abiotic stress factors, such as poor nutrition, too much moisture in the root zone, and other incorrect cultural practices. Recent research, however, has unequivocally shown that Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus, the citrus greening bacterium, is responsible for this illness. When compared to normal growing fruits (0.82–0.89), the length to diameter ratio of Waywar fruits at the peak of incidence was reported in the range of 0.95–1.09, indicating their oblong shape. Premature Waywar fruits had higher acidity levels (1.75 to 2.04%) than normal fruits (1.65 to 2.03%) and produced seeds that were not viable. The cultural treatments applied to reduce the ill effects of the disorder improved the physico-chemical characteristics of Nagpur mandarin fruit at the time of harvesting. When compared to the untreated control, foliar spraying with growth regulators 2,4-D (15 ppm) and GA3 (15 ppm) enhanced the amount of fruit retained per plant at harvest. The critical fruit quality parameters like TSS (10.10%) and vitamin C (39.37 mg/100 ml) were highest in GA3 treated fruits. Maximum TSS/Acid ratio (14.00) and minimum acidity (0.69%) were noted with phosphorus applied at three times the RDF level at harvest.

Designing the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for adolescents: RN-CSS.

The Red Noses Culturally-Sensitive Stigma Survey (RN-CSS) contributes to the underexplored research domain of adolescents' stigmatising attitudes and behaviours towards peers with mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services. It also addresses the need for comprehensive and culturally-sensitive tools to assess stigma in this context. Drawing on insights from focus groups and building upon the existing Stigma in Global Context-Mental Health Study, we have successfully developed and implemented the first culturally-sensitive stigma survey tailored for school-aged adolescents of different migration/cultural backgrounds. The questionnaire includes an unlabelled case vignette depicting a peer with symptoms of depression and gathers data on various domains, including (1) sociodemographic variables; (2) education-related information; (3) COVID-19; (4) perceptions of mental health difficulties and mental healthcare services (i.e. severity assessment, causal attributions, care recommendations, personal stigma, perceived stigma, and service stigma); (5) subjective wellbeing and familiarity with mental health difficulties; (6) social support; (7) school context; (8) bullying; and (9) knowledge of anti-stigma campaigns. Our final sample comprises 5075 pupils from 38 secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium. In this article, we present the study's background and rationale, the development of the questionnaire, and the sampling and recruitment methods employed. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the sample characteristics and preliminary descriptive results of the RN-CSS. Subsequent empirical studies will address the research objectives outlined in this protocol paper. The research opportunities provided by the developed materials and dataset are being discussed.

'Growing up with a red nose': a patient's perspective onrosacea.

We highlight the impact of rosacea in a young man, who presents a patient perspective on growing up with rosacea and how this impacted on his quality of life. Physicians should consider each patient’s unique concerns and perception of disease severity when prescribing a treatment plan.

Perancangan Animasi Dengan Pendekatan Psikologi Sosial Untuk Anak-Anak Kaum Marjinal Usia 7-12 Tahun Sebagai Media Edukasi Pendidikan Karakter

The National Law No. 20 of 2003 emphasizes the importance of the national education system in achieving equal educational opportunities, improving quality, and managing education efficiently. However, marginalized children with economic constraints still face challenges in accessing educational opportunities due to limited time and difficulties in studying at home. Instead of exploiting these limitations, the Red Nose Foundation utilized them in a social psychology class aimed at instilling character education. Nevertheless, they recognize the need for innovative and effective approaches in delivering character education to the target audience. To achieve a precise and effective design, the process will involve existing studies, experimental studies, in-depth interviews with stakeholders and necessary resources, user testing, and literature review to support the design. The urgency of the design and how the resulting media output canbetter connect with the target audience compared to other media outputs will also be considered. Two animated episodes have been presented to the target audience, and it has been concluded that using animation as a medium for character education has yielded positive results. The audience enjoys watching the animations, and the evaluations conducted have shown excellent outcomes. Therefore, it can be said that the animation used in this design has been successful.

Transcriptome analyses reveal the potential mechanisms for color changes of a sweet orange peel induced by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

‘Shatangju’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Shatangju) is a Chinese citrus specialty in southern China with a delicious taste and an attractive appearance. Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) threatens the Shatangju industry seriously. Fruits from citrus trees with HLB show ‘red nose’ peels with a serious reduction in fruit value. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been identified in the leaves of several citrus species with HLB infection. However, similar studies on the fruit peels of citrus trees with HLB infection are very limited. In this study, the pathogen CLas was diagnosed in the ‘red nose’ fruit peels of Shatangju. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in different peels were also analyzed. Besides, we identified DEGs in the comparison between peels from normal red-colored and ‘red nose’ fruits via RNA-seq. A total of 1922 unigenes were identified as DEGs, of which 434 were up-regulated and 1488 were down-regulated in the ‘red nose’ fruit peels. DEGs involved in chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and transcription factors could be responsible for fruit color changes after HLB infection. Our findings provide a preliminary understanding of the mechanism underlying the formation of a ‘red nose’ on fruit peel from HLB-infected trees.

Collective Nouns for the Anthropocene, and: Holding That Gaping Empty Till It Stills, or My Cat Harvey Milk

Collective Nouns for the Anthropocene, and: Holding That Gaping Empty Till It Stills, or My Cat Harvey Milk Nickole Brown (bio) Collective Nouns for the Anthropocene Say a guillotine of coal mines, a phantom limbof peaks—all those headless mountains once calledhome. Say a jones of cell phones, a heart's burnof information, the flash and rush of usmeasured in megabits per second. Or say a wonderment of children, at least those few still playingoutside, quickening Styrofoam cups with a writhing catchof whatever insects are left to find. Say a blisterof news, another throe of tornadoes, a heat rash spreading, slow-cooking us all, a nationof frogs that do, in fact, jump when the red eyeglowing on a lab stove's burner is cranked up one slowdegree a time, despite the myth a frog's too dumbto know when boiling alive. But what does it matter when the water'srich with factory runoff, when you can jump all you wantbut there's no way to get out of nowhereelse to go? And what does it matter when you can forgetspring—such a nostalgic word now— a time my wife renamed roadkill seasonas she fast-pedals past all those newbornsmewling in bent grass, the milk-filled teats they wait formeat-streaked across the street. [End Page 70] Say a click-through of desperation,a comfort porn of goats-in-pajamas videosand sneezing panda memes, a few seconds of somethingthat passes as joy with each clip. And because there are alsoserious films, know cats and dogs is no longer a sufficientenough metaphor, say instead a hard rain of walrus: now that the ice they need is gone, watch how the herdhauls up on a place they don't belong—a rocky beach,how cumbersome thousands wobble up and upa jagged incline until it's too late, and like us, they've stranded themselves with no room leftand can't back down. They crowdthe ledge until one by one they plummet over the side,and as they fall, they find themselves confused— falling being a thing a walrus has never knownbefore, a thing they have no concept of at all, at least not untilhumans got ahold of this good earth. One after another they fall, and like us,they are not as afraid as they should be, ignorantas they are of the laws of nature that apply to them.And you might imagine their unintentional suicide a grenade-confetti of blubber and ivorysickening the shore, but no:most land whole, their injuries internal, only a thin red tricklefrom dead nose to dead eye marks what happensnow that the glaciers they need are gone. I watched that footage, and still,still—I fired up my car again. I cranked upthe air. I stopped for a sip of sweet drinkin a plastic bottle and topped offthe tank. And still—if you were to ask me [End Page 71] what I was doing, I would tell you not much,just going about my day. Because, yes—I'm sorry— I too have used the word murder for a flock of crows,that blessed oil-slick iridescence watching from above,clacking to one another, assessing if I'm a benignthreat or something to actually fear. I listenand listen to their raspy kraas, a song ofwet coal and hardsun, ashamed they know the truthof who I really am, knowing the collective nounwe've given thembelongs wholly to us. Holding That Gaping Empty Till It Stills, or My Cat Harvey Milk Not the paw but the fan of bonesin the paw: their scoop and clutch,kneading made needing, becausewhen it comes to mothermilk, those homonymsupend the vowels, throw that needless k away. Making biscuits, we tease, but in realitywhat we witness is vestigial, hotly nostalgic, orin the case of the viral-eyed meow mixscooped up from the pound and namedHarvey Milk, our cat—Jesus be my shield—biscuit-making is...

Метафорические эпитеты и их стилистические функции

This article is devoted to the study of stylistic functions of metaphorical epithets in a poetic text. Many works are devoted to metaphor, which apparently occupies the main place among the linguistic means of expressing images. However, the question of the stylistic functions of metaphorical epithets is still not fully clarified. One of the laws of language development is manifested in the metaphorization of words, but the metaphorical meaning of a word is manifested only in context, thanks to the movement of the word into a new lexical environment. According to the established scientific tradition, it is customary to distinguish between general-language and individual-author metaphorization, while the functions of general-language and individual-author (poetic) metaphors are different: through general-language metaphorization, first of all, the expansion of the meaning of a word is achieved; in a poetic text, a metaphor gives a condensed characteristic of a particular subject, often claiming to penetrate into its essence, and it is aimed at revealing his individuality. The quality of metaphorical formations is also influenced by the genre in which the literary work is created. Depending on the genre and style of the work, there are not only techniques, but also means of metaphorization. Artistic methods also impose a certain seal on metaphorization. Analysis of metaphorical epithets in the light of the stated general provisions on metaphor and the essence of metaphorization based on the poems of A.S. Pushkin "The Caucasian Prisoner", M.Y. Lermontov "Mtsyri", I.S. Nikitin "Kulak" and N.A. Nekrasov's "Frost, Red Nose" showed that metaphorical epithets can be created by qualitative and relative adjectives. At the same time, common-language metaphorical epithets most often represent stable expressions of a living spoken language and thus indicate the nationality of the language, emphasize the national specifics of the works. In the creation of individual metaphorical epithets, the innovation of poets in the field of metaphorical creativity is clearly manifested, and a significant increase in the proportion of evaluative metaphorical epithets in the poems of Nikitin and Nekrasov, compared with the poems of Pushkin and Lermontov, is an undeniable consequence of their social orientation.

Autobiographical aspect of N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather Frost the Red nose"

Autobiographical aspect of N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Grandfather Frost the Red nose"

Intervenções riso-clínicas: entre palhaços e trabalhadores na educação permanente em saúde mental

This article is a report of the research developed by the first author in her master degree in social and institutional psychology, having as its theme the researcher’s meetings as clown and as psychologist with the workers in the spaces of permanent education practices in mental health. Such meetings take place from the interventions of the clown Dulcinóia, embodied in the researcher through the mask of the red nose, both at the permanent education practices in mental health and in the exercise of the research. These interventions were termed laugh-clinic interventions. Thus, the relationships of clown techniques with mental health from the lived experiences and possible inventions on different ways of working and caring in this context are discussed. The experiences are narrated and developed from the methodology of the essay on the lived scenes. As a conclusion, we highlight the importante of clown´s figure presence and sign of humor as producers of possible transformations and extention of the look on mental health work.

Editor’s Note

Editor’s Note

How does switching synchronization of pitching parallel foils from out-of-phase to in-phase change their wake dynamics?

Alterations to the unsteady wake dynamics imposed by abrupt changes in the phase angle between two pitching side-by-side foils are computationally examined at the Reynolds number of 1000 and 4000 and Strouhal number of 0.25–0.5. Four hybrid modes are considered in this study inspired by the swimming habits of red nose tetra fish and burst-and-coast swimming phenomenon. At the higher Strouhal number of 0.50, abrupt changes in the phase angle result in the formation and growth of a secondary vortex street between the two primary streets, which enable and maintain a split-wake configuration. Furthermore, phase switching alters pressure levels on the top and bottom surfaces of both foils to similar levels, which attribute to lowering the side-force. The growth rate of the secondary vortex street remains consistent for all four hybrid modes. At lower Strouhal numbers (0.25–0.4), however, the abrupt change in the phase angle converts the wake to a single vortex street. Thus, this indicates that the wake reactions for such cases in synchronization substantially change at lower Strouhal number. Although a different behavior of total side force production is observed at a lower Reynolds number for Strouhal number of 0.50, the wake dynamics implies that phase alterations act as a similar flow control mechanism to stabilize the wake. Finally, it is identified that the suspension of oscillations significantly limits the implications of initiation of oscillations on wake dynamics and performance following abrupt changes in the phase angle.

Implications of changing synchronization in propulsive performance of side-by-side pitching foils

The unsteady hydrodynamics of side-by-side pitching foils are studied numerically at Reynolds number of 4000 with altering phase differences in the middle of an oscillation cycle. This represents a change in synchronization of oscillating foils, inspired by experimental observations on group swimming of red nose tetra fish. The hybrid oscillation cases are based on an initially out-of-phase pitching that switch to in-phase at the 20th cycle of oscillation. Various sequential combinations of out-of-phase and in-phase pitching are also examined in terms of foil propulsive performance. It is observed that out-of-phase pitching foils initially produce zero total side-force. However, they start producing negative total side-force after 13 oscillation cycles. Contrarily for the in-phase oscillation cases, the initially positive total side-force reverted to zero over time. In hybrid oscillation cases, the negative total side-force produced during the initial out-of-phase oscillations abruptly adjusted to zero following a change of synchronization that led to in-phase oscillations, which is inspired from a particular swimming behavior in fish. Based on three hybrid modes, defined on the onset of mid-cycle switch to in-phase oscillations, it was apparent that the benefit of synchronization, or there lack of, greatly depended on the timing of the change in synchronization. Thus, mid-swimming change of synchronization in side-by-side systems inspired by fish schools compensates for their non-zero total side-force production to maintain their lateral position. Such changes do not translate to significant gains in neither thrust generation nor efficiency.

English

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a noteworthy reason for many Cattle/Buffalo diseases. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is one of the diseases which are caused by the BHV-1. In the present study a cow which was suspected of IBR was examined. The animal was suffering from fever and respiratory distress along with rhinitis (red nose), in appetence, and dyspnea. The nasal mucosa and muzzle were distinctly inflamed, with nasal discharge. DNA from blood samples and nasal swabs were subjected to nested PCR using glycoprotein B gene (gB) Primers. The samples were found positive for BHV-1 gB gene. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarities with other BHV-1 gB gene sequences. The accession numbers assigned to this pioneer sequences in GenBank are MT449510 (BHV-1-Pak 1) and MT449511 (BHV-1-Pak 2). In this study, we reported for the first time the detection of DNA of BHV-1 through nested PCR assay and molecular characterization of BHV-1 gB gene in Pakistan. This study will be useful in further diagnoses of BHV-1 in Pakistan and in development of BHV-1 vaccine to reduce economical losses due to IBR

Potential and problems of ornamental fish farming development in Depok City (case study: neon tetra, cardinal and red nose ornamental fish farmer in Bojongsari District)

Ornamental fish is one of Indonesia’s export commodities with destination countries dominated by Japan, Singapore, America, China, England, Korea, and Malaysia. This paper aims to provide an overview of the potential development, problems, and challenges of ornamental fish farming in Depok City. The research was conducted in August 2020 in Bojongsari District, Depok City, West Java Province. Data collected in the form of primary data and secondary data. The survey method was used in this research, with interview techniques using a questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion to stakeholders. Data analysis used simple statistical analysis and qualitative descriptive. The results showed that Depok City is one of the areas with the third-largest potential for ornamental fish in Indonesia, with its center in Bojongsari District. There are two types of ornamental fish farming in Bojongsari, namely hatchery, and nursery of ornamental fish. The dominant types of ornamental fish commodities are neon tetra, cardinal, and red nose. The problems in the development of ornamental fish farming include; a) technical problems, namely limited land; availability and quality of broodstock; limited fish seeds; quantity and quality of water (decrease in water quality); disease b) socio-cultural problems, namely the limited number of fish breeders; difficulty accepting new technology; marketing still depends on demand; access to price information at the exporter level; the workforce still comes from within the family and depends on the business owner; Human resources related to farming techniques; and financial management. So that it takes solutions related to problems and challenges through government policies in fostering and mentoring business actors, both technology assistance, as well as business management and socio-cultural behavior.

Проблемы интерференции при переводе глаголов прошедшего времени в художественных текстах Ф. М. Достоевского и Н. А. Некрасова на итальянский язык

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interference as a natural process that occurs in literary texts translation. The linguistic analysis was based on two works of Russian classics: “White Nights” by F. M. Dostoevsky and “Frost, Red Nose” by N. A. Nekrasov. During the study of the translation of the past tense verbs from Russian into Italian, it was noted that there is no full correspondence in grammatical structures. As in some passages the translation was carried out by constructions and tenses typical for the Italian language, we can speak of the phenomenon of interference. It is noted that this linguistic phenomenon is not a factor destroying communication or meaning.

L’activité clown : outil thérapeutique au sein d’un service de psychiatrie adulte fermé ? Étude pilote de faisabilité

ObjectivesIn psychiatry, we often talk about therapeutic mediation, used in many group and individual therapies. We use a wide variety of mediating objects, cultural means and even people, their roles and the image they project, including the character of the clown. The word clown immediately sends us back the image of a comedian working in the circus world or in the royal courts. Yet, modern clowns are now taking different places. The 1980s marked the beginning of the era of “Doctor Clowns” in hospitals. The character of the clown made his first appearance in hospital in pediatric units where the positive effects of his action are widely recognized. This “clown activity” is nevertheless still not very widespread in psychiatric services where patients, who sometimes have difficulty accessing humor, or who are struggling with strong emotions that they cannot express, could benefit from its cathartic virtues. In this article, we first present the results of a mini-literature review on the place and role of the clown in the psychiatric care process. In the second part of the article, we present the results of our study whose objective was to measure the feeling of well-being of psychiatric patients by a visual analog scale (VAS) after two weeks of participation in the clown workshop. Materials and methodsFor the conduct of the research of scientific articles, we have chosen the databases according to their relevance in scientific, psychiatric and psychological research. These are the following areas: PubMed, PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, LiSSa… No time limit has been set given the low availability of articles in this area and its recent development. For the same reason, all types of scientific papers, as well as some books have been considered. We have selected the articles in French and English. Furthermore, our study is an open, prospective and monocenter pilot feasibility study that took place from June 2015 to December 2016 at the Full Time Hospitalization Unit of the EPS Ville-Évrard site in Saint-Denis, pole 93G03. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study after recruitment by an investigating physician responsible for verifying the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria. The aim was to offer hospital patients in psychiatry a group activity around the theme of humor. This mediation was coordinated by a professional clown with previous experience of hospitalized patients. The activity was 2hours long, with 8 participants maximum. Description of a session: 1/Time to put on the “clown's outfit” (hat, red nose, wigs…). 2/Relaxation with breathing exercises. 3/Self-presentation through games. 4/The “clown” time which is articulated in two passages on stage, one individual and the other with several people. 5/The conclusion when everyone expresses their feelings about what they have experienced. The main endpoint, namely the participants’ sense of well-being, was measured by a Visual Analogue State (VAS) before and after each clown workshop (D0 and D15), i.e. after two weeks of participation in the clown workshop. ResultsAnalysis of the articles reviewed highlights patients’ gains in terms of communication skills and emotion management. Furthermore, the results of our study did not show a statistically significant difference (P<0.7). ConclusionAlthough the results did not show a statistically significant difference, this study highlighted the feasibility of this type of workshop within a psychiatric department. There was no worsening of the clinical condition of the patients during the protocol and no behavioral disorder caused a disruption of the sessions or their premature termination. In fact, all the sessions could be carried out. The patients who participated in the first session were also present during the second one 15days later. It can be noted that in terms of feasibility, the patients were complacent and joined the group well. They cooperated in this foray into the imagination created by the character of the clown, allowed emotions to be expressed that they did not show during formal interviews. In conclusion, this study provides arguments in favor of the continuation of this activity over a longer period and within structures such as day hospital or part-time therapeutic activity center.

Clowning but Not: A Clown’s Approach to Drama for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities

Even without the red nose and costume, clowning has much to offer when used as an approach to teaching creative drama to people with intellectual and physical disabilities. Clown humour and animated play encourage creativity, movement, and self-expression. With a clown-like approach, markers for success change and become more relevant to the level at which participants are working. Using a clown approach allows participants to expand their capacities by releasing the fear of not accomplishing their goals. In fact, slipping up and failing at tasks are good reasons for the group to laugh and relax. In my experience in setting up drama programs at the Manitoba Developmental Centre, I discovered the value of the clown’s flop. By embracing failure, participants were more able to enjoy taking risks. Non-verbal communication skills and object transformation, common to clown play, also created new possibilities for the participants’ creativity and expression. As a result, they were able to move, play, and communicate in unexpected ways and put on a performance for 300 people. The community of therapeutic clowns—including Karen Ridd, Joan Barrington, and organizations like the Dr. Clown Foundation—engages a similar approach to working with the public. They embrace failure and succeed at bringing joy through humour, clown antics, and play.

Activation and Characterization of Bohemamine Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Streptomyces sp. CB02009.

Bohemamines (BHMs) are bacterial alkaloids containing a pyrrolizidine core with two unusual methyl groups. Herein we report the activation of BHMs biosynthesis using a ribosome engineering approach. Characterization of the bhm gene cluster reveals that nonribosomal peptide synthetase BhmJ and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase BhmK are responsible for the formation of the pyrrolizidine core, which is further methylated on C-7 by methyltransferase BhmG. The 9-methyl group of BHMs is instead originated from a nonproteinogenic amino acid (2S,5S)-5-methylproline.

An Extensive Review of Face Powder Formulation Considerations

The face powder was demanded by many nations in the world in the beginning AD and in Asia white skin was believed to be the sign of aristocratism, membership of the elite, and yet, white color is the pure symbol of the internal beauty and nobility. In addition, some face powders are sold in varying specialty shades to suit different skin needs; for example, a face powder with a greenish tinge will minimize the appearance of redness, while a purple-tinted powder may help the appearance of sallow or yellow skin. There is a legitimate reason to use face powder, and the pharmacopeias prescribe them in the treatment of many skin affections. At all events the proper use of powder is beneficial, it lightly covers and unifies a complexion, hiding the ravages of time, improving even the beautiful face. Face powder comes in different shades to match varying skin tones, and it is a good idea to choose the skin tone that most closely matches the natural skin. This will help the makeup appear more natural; it should be virtually unnoticeable. It may be necessary to use different face powders for summer and winter, as the skin may become tanner in the summer, or drier and in need of extra moisture in the winter. They are of benefit in acne, freckles, sunburn and red nose. Beneath their attractive aspect and odor, face powders should be made by the perfumer to combine the qualities of an elegant cosmetic and therapeutic agent; they must primarily possess adherence, lightness and be transparent; secondly, they should be detergent and delicately absorbent in order to aid the natural functions of the skin, taking up the fatty matters not easily dislodged by water; they should also tend to increase the natural elasticity and regular functions of the skin.

Rhinophyma: when Red Nose Day is no laughing matter.

Rhinophyma is commonly linked to chronic alcohol use, colloquially being misnamed ‘whisky nose’ or ‘rum blossom’. However, the true reason for this disfiguring condition has no clear causative trigger. Some studies have linked rhinophyma with sudden emotional responses that trigger flushing.1 Rhinophyma is a benign dermatological condition of the nose, derived from the Greek word ‘rhis’ for nose and ‘phyma’ for growth. It is the end-stage presentation of phymatous rosacea, and may occur in patients with few or no other features of rosacea. Although recognised by Greek and Arabian physicians as early as 2000 bce,2 it may have easily been confused with tuberous conditions of the nose such as leprosy, syphilis, and tuberculosis. First accurately described by Virchow in 1846, it can result in significant facial disfigurement, emotional suffering, and even serious ocular complications. …