Red King Research Articles

Growth, Yield and Economic Advantage of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Response to NPSB Fertilizer and Planting Pattern

Haphazard and low soil fertility, low yielding verities and poor agronomic practices are among the major factors constraining onion production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in East Showa Zone of Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha district in central rift valley areas at ziway from October 2021 to April 2022 to identify appropriate rate of NPSB fertilizer and planting pattern of onion varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design of factorial arrangement in three replications. The main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates and varieties (red coach and red king) significantly (p<0.01) influenced plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter, leaf number and fresh leaf weight, shoot dry matter per plant, and harvest index. Total dry biomass, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average fresh bulb weight, bulb dry matter, marketable bulb yield, and total bulb yield were significantly (p<0.01) influenced only by the main effect of NPSB blended fertilizer rates. In addition, unmarketable bulb yield was statistically significantly affected (p≥0.05) by the blended fertilizer rates and planting pattern. Moreover, days to 90% maturity of onion was affected by the main factor of NPSB fertilizer rate, variety and planting pattern. The non-fertilized plants in the control treatment were inferior in all parameters except unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. Significantly higher marketable bulb yield (41 t ha-1) and total bulb yield (41.33 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB blended fertilizer rate applied. Double row planting method and hybrid red coach onion variety had also gave higher growth and yields. The study revealed that the highest net benefit of Birr, 878,894 with lest cost of Birr 148,006 by the combinations of 150 kg blended NPSB ha-1 with double row planting method (40cm*20cm*7cm) and red coach variety which can be recommendable for higher marketable bulb yield and economic return of hybrid onion for small scale farmers in the study area. Also, for resource full producers (investors), highest net benefit of Birr 1,205,372 with higher cost (159,628 Birr) by application of 300 kg NPSB ha-1 is recommended as a second option. However, the research should be replicated both in season and areas to more verify the recommendations.

Алхимични символи и мотиви в новелата на Е. Т. А. Хофман Златната делва

The present observations are an attempt at the study of the novel “The Golden Pot” by E. T. A. Hoffmann. The purpose of the article is to propose a possible way of interpreting Hoffmann's work full of symbolism through the prism of alchemical art. Through the juxtaposition of the “Golden Pot” and alchemical symbolism, parallels are sought between the fusion of Anselmus and the Serpentine and the alchemical fusion of the White Queen and the Red King that creates the Philosopher's Stone. The observations are directed, on the one hand, to the overall structure of the novella, as a kind of alchemical opus. Individual elements and symbols that could also be interpreted as alchemical are also sought.

Red Queen and Red King Effects in cultural agent-based modeling: Hawk Dove Binary and Systemic Discrimination

ABSTRACT What endogenous factors contribute to minority (Red Queen) or majority (Red King) domination under conditions of coercive bargaining? We build on previous work demonstrating minority disadvantage in non-coercive bargaining games to show that under neutral initial conditions, majorities are advantaged in high conflict situations, and minorities are advantaged in low conflict games. These effects are a function of the relationship between (1) relative proportions of the majority and minority groups and (2) costs of conflict. Although both Red King and Red Queen effects can occur, we further show that agents’ increased initial propensity toward conflict advantages majorities.

Performance of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) Varieties under Protected Condition

The present investigation was undertaken to elevate different carnation varieties for the performance of Growth, yield and post-harvest quality under protected condition. The experiment was conducted in Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, The Nilgiris, India . The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with Eleven varieties of Carnation viz., Big one, Turbo, Solex, Hunza, Easy Golem, Express Golem, Red King, Golem, Gioele, Big mama and Happy Golem. observation were recorded for plant height (cm), days to first flower, flowering duration, length of flower stem (cm), diameter of flower (cm), Number of flowers per plant and Calyx splitting (High : 60% and above, Medium: 30 – 50%, Low : less than 30%), Strength of flower stem, vase life solutions viz., AOA (25ppm), AOA (50ppm), CoCl2 (10ppm) ,CoCl2 (20ppm) and plain water for 30 minutes. The cultivar Happy Golem recorded maximum plant height of 100.50cm and the minimum plant height of 77.0 cm was noticed in Golem. Maximum number of shoots per plant was recorded in the cultivar Gioele (7.98 ) followed by Hunza (7.50) and minimum number of shoots per plant was observed in the entry Golem (5.30).Maximum number of leaves (195.20) and Leaf length (13.55 cm) was recorded in the entry Gioele. The Days to first flower ranged between 130.01 to 139.20 days from planting. The cultivar Turbo (130.01) recorded early to initiate the flower bud followed by Golem (130.10) .The cultivar Red king recorded maximum flowering duration of 13.50 days followed by big mama (13.20 days)) and minimum flowering duration was observed in Happy Golem (10.47 days).The Cultivar Gioele recorded the highest stalk length of 93.00 cm and the lowest stalk length of 68.50cm was observed by Golem. With respect to yield parameters maximum number of flowers per plant was recorded in Gioele (7.50 nos) followed by Red king (7.17 nos) and Hunza (6.97 nos) and Minimum number of flowers per plant was recorded in Golem (5.11 nos). Maximum number of A and B grade flower stems are produced in the Variety Gioele. Among the cultivar for prolonging the vase life of Carnation, treatment comprising of AOA @50ppm recorded maximum vaselife of 19 days by cultivar, minimum flower diameter (5.3cm) and maximum total water absorbed (45.0 ml) and found to be the best to increase the shelf life of carnation.

Invasive alien species in changing marine Arctic economies and ecosystems

Abstract The rate of change in Arctic marine environments in response to shifts driven by climate change threatens Arctic resilience. The growing recognition and visibility of these changes have scientific and social roots. Mitigating these consequences is therefore a social-scientific concern. Multiple scales, perspectives, and governance systems for Arctic marine environments, alongside receding climate and economic barriers to species movements and scientific research, create challenges and opportunities that differ in magnitude and breadth from marine invasions elsewhere. The receding barriers in the marine Arctic amplify the potential ecological and economic consequences from new species introductions and range expansions from adjacent biomes. While there is consensus that marine invasive species can cause severe damages to ecosystems and resource-dependent communities, which species pose what threats, and to whom, remain complex dynamic socioecological and biogeophysical economic questions. Decisions over prevention, detection, and monitoring along with institutional frameworks for cooperating and responding to threats also affect the expected severity of impacts. Technologies, and costs, for identifying and monitoring species compositions and risks are evolving, with novel research advances as well as increasingly sophisticated ecological-economic, environmental niche, and habitat suitability models. Despite advances in understanding drivers and dynamics of new species introductions, a dearth of baseline knowledge regarding Arctic marine invasions remains. Potential consequences extend beyond ecosystem changes and include legal, institutional, and social shifts. Studies on the red king and snow crab invasions in the Barents Sea from multiple disciplinary angles showcase complex social, economic, and ecological interconnections that are transforming communities and ecosystems.

Impacts of Rationalization on Exposure to High Winds in Alaska’s Crab Fisheries

ABSTRACTObjectives: Safety at sea is an often overlooked aspect of well-being that fisheries management actions can affect, even when management actions are not intended to affect safety. Catch shares management has been associated with longer fishing seasons and a decline in the intensity of competition among fishers. This study assesses changes in exposure of Alaska’s commercial crab fisheries to relatively high-risk weather conditions after rationalization, or catch shares management, was implemented.Methods: We compare the rates of fishing in high-wind conditions in the Bristol Bay red king and the Bering Sea snow/tanner crab fisheries pre- and post-rationalization. We also compare results to a portion of the crab fishery that did not undergo the same change in management.Results: The rate of high wind fishing in the snow/tanner crab fishery fell post-rationalization, but increased in the red king crab fishery.Conclusion: When the red king and snow/tanner crab fisheries are considered together, rationalization led to longer seasons and improved flexibility to choose when to fish according to weather conditions. The snow crab fishery experienced a marked decline in higher-risk fishing after rationalization. Results are contrary to expectations for the king crab fisherybecause the flexibility in trip timing provided by the program produced a shift in their season toward winter months when average wind speeds are higher.

Screening of carrot cultivars against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

To evaluate the 13 carrot cultivars against Meloidogyne incognita under green house conditions; different levels of susceptibility were observed in all the examined cultivars. Cultivar Golden Rosy was resistant to nematode attack with a low root gall index (1.2) while cultivar Kamini was found highly susceptible showing the highest root gall index (5.0). Similarly, the cultivars Rose Red, Noorie, Lali, Sindhuri, and Selection 80 were susceptible; the cultivars Pearl Red, Super Red, Surbhi, and Kamboj were moderately susceptible and the cultivars Desi Red and Red King were found moderately resistant against the nematode damage. A negative and significant correlation was found between root-knot nematode infestation and plant growth parameters.

Red Queen vs. Red King: When the Slowest Runner Wins the Race

Many multi-population evolutionary games obtain multiple asymptotically stable equilibria. Unlike in the single population case, the size and location of the basins of attraction are determined partially by the relative speed of adjustment of the populations. This paper investigates the effect of differing adjustment speeds across populations on the relative strength of these equilibria under the two population standard replicator dynamics. The first step is to construct some simple measures of strength of equilibrium under the replicator dynamics. Together with a method for calculating boundaries of attraction basins in the two population case, this allows speed affects on equilibrium strength to be characterised in some simple 2 × 2 games. The results demonstrate the possibility of a “Red King” effect, whereby (relative) slow learning can be an advantage in simple strategic environments.

John Gillingham, William II: The Red King. (Penguin Monarchs.) London: Allen Lane, 2015. Pp. x, 117; 14 color plates, 1 map, and 1 genealogical table. £10.99. ISBN: 978-0-141-97855-0.

John Gillingham, <i>William II: The Red King</i>. (Penguin Monarchs.) London: Allen Lane, 2015. Pp. x, 117; 14 color plates, 1 map, and 1 genealogical table. <i>£</i>10.99. ISBN: 978-0-141-97855-0.

Genealogical Analysis of the North-American Spring Wheat Varieties with Different Resistance to Pre-harvest Sprouting

Abstract A comparative analysis of genetic diversity of North American spring wheat varieties differing in resistance to pre-harvest sprouting was carried out. For identification of sources of resistance the genealogical profiles of 148 red-grained and 63 white-grained North-American spring wheat varieties with full pedigrees were calculated and estimates were made of pre-harvest sprouting. The cluster structure of the populations of red-grained and white-grained varieties was estimated. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the average contributions of landraces in the groups of resistant and susceptible varieties. Distribution of the putative sources of resistance in the clusters indicated that varieties having different genetic basis may have different sources of resistance. For red-grained varieties the genetic sources of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting are landraces Crimean, Hard Red Calcutta, and Iumillo, or Button, Kenya 9M-1A-3, and Kenya-U, or Red Egyptian and Kenya BF4-3B-10V1. Tracking of pedigrees showed these landraces contributed to the pedigrees, respectively, via Thatcher, Kenya-Farmer, and Kenya-58, which were likely donors of resistance for red-grained varieties. For white-grained varieties the sources of resistance were landraces Crimean, Hard Red Calcutta, Ostka Galicyjska, Iumillo, Akakomugi, Turco, Hybrid English, Rough Chaff White and Red King, and putative donors of resistance — Thatcher, RL2265, and Frontana. The genealogical profile of accession RL4137, the most important donor of resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in North American spring wheat breeding programmes, contains almost all identified sources of resistance.

Role of discrimination indices in screening of beta-thalassemia trait in West Bengal, India: An institutional experience on 10,407 subjects

Background: Beta-thalassemia trait (BTT) is a common genetic disorder of hemoglobin and imposes a significant burden on global healthcare. Screening of this disorder is immensely important epidemiologically as it can reduce the future incidence of thalassemia major in newborns. The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of six discrimination indices to differentiate cases of BTT from others. Materials and Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive 10,407 participants. In addition to common diagnostic statistics association, concordance and receiver-operating characteristic curves were assessed to judge the role of discrimination indices. Results: Shine and Lal index, Mentzer index, and Srivastava index had revealed better discriminative function compared to England and Fraser index, red cell distribution width index, and Green and King index. Conclusion: Discrimination indices are rapid, reliable, and easy tools to suspect a case of BTT and send the subject for further high-performance liquid chromatography evaluation. But the cut-off value for these indices needs to be revised to achieve the best combination of sensitivity and specificity in this population.

Dispatches

Dispatches

Cooperative Formation and Peer Effects in Fisheries

ABSTRACT The economic benefits that arise following the transition to a rights-based fishery management regime accrue on both the extensive and intensive margins. This research explores the changes in fleet composition, economic performance, and coordination that occurred following the introduction of the Bering Sea Crab Rationalization Program. On the extensive margin, we estimate the relative efficiency of vessels within each fishing cooperative to look for potential arbitrage opportunities when selecting which vessels will fish the cooperative's quota allocation. On the intensive margin, we investigate the role of peer effects in facilitating the flow of information within the cooperative. The results support two hypotheses within the red king and snow crab fisheries: (1) the cooperatives which formed appear to have exploited the intracooperative efficiency arbitrage opportunities, and (2) an increase in landings by a fellow cooperative member tends to increase one's own landings, a positive peer effec...

The 1574 Mirour for Magistrates is a Possible Source of ‘Feath'red King’ in Shakespeare's ‘The Phoenix and the Turtle’

The 1574 <i>Mirour for Magistrates</i> is a Possible Source of ‘Feath'red King’ in Shakespeare's ‘The Phoenix and the Turtle’

Evolution of extortion in Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma games

Iterated games are a fundamental component of economic and evolutionary game theory. They describe situations where two players interact repeatedly and have the ability to use conditional strategies that depend on the outcome of previous interactions, thus allowing for reciprocation. Recently, a new class of strategies has been proposed, so-called "zero-determinant" strategies. These strategies enforce a fixed linear relationship between one's own payoff and that of the other player. A subset of those strategies allows "extortioners" to ensure that any increase in one player's own payoff exceeds that of the other player by a fixed percentage. Here, we analyze the evolutionary performance of this new class of strategies. We show that in reasonably large populations, they can act as catalysts for the evolution of cooperation, similar to tit-for-tat, but that they are not the stable outcome of natural selection. In very small populations, however, extortioners hold their ground. Extortion strategies do particularly well in coevolutionary arms races between two distinct populations. Significantly, they benefit the population that evolves at the slower rate, an example of the so-called "Red King" effect. This may affect the evolution of interactions between host species and their endosymbionts.

Estatísticas das produções de pescado estuarino e marítimo do estado do Pará e políticas pesqueiras

A costa do estado do Pará estende-se por 562 km e conta com 123 comunidades pesqueiras artesanais, distribuídas ao longo de 17 municípios costeiros. Nesta região do estado destaca-se a presença de manguezais, igarapés, rios e estuários. Todos esses fatores que favorecem a produtividade pesqueira dificultam de forma relevante o controle sistemático dos desembarques e, conseqüentemente, a obtenção de estatísticas de produção de pescado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as estatísticas de produção pesqueira por espécie, em volume de desembarque, nas áreas estuarinas e marítimas do estado do Pará, e analisar as políticas pesqueiras para os sistemas de produção industrial e artesanal no período de 1997 a 2003. Para estimar as produções pesqueiras das áreas estuarinas e marítimas no Pará, foram controladas mensalmente as embarcações em atividade por tipo de aparelho de pesca utilizado e realizadas amostras dos desembarques de cada uma dessas combinações de embarcação/aparelho de pesca. Na área estudada, os municípios que concentram os maiores desembarques são Belém, Bragança e Vigia. As capturas de atuns e afins passaram a ter alguma representatividade a partir de 2000 e 2002, respectivamente nos municípios de Belém e Curuçá. As espécies ou grupos de espécies mais importantes em volume de captura são pescada amarela, gurijuba, serra, tubarões, pargo, pescada gó, caranguejo, bagre e camarão-rosa e, em valor econômico, lagostas, camarão-rosa e pargo.

Role of Predator Odor in Roost Site Selection of Southern Flying Squirrels

Roost site selection should be influenced, in part, by predator avoidance strategies. Prey species may use olfactory cues to assess predation risk. Our objective was to determine if southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) use olfaction for assessing predation risk and selecting safe roosting sites. We tested the response of captive flying squirrels to several scents placed inside nest boxes. Squirrels spent significantly less time overnight in nest boxes scented with fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) fur, bobcat (Lynx rufus) fur, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) urine, raccoon (Procyon lotor) fur, king snake (Lampropeltis getula), and corn snake (Elaphe guttata) than unscented (control) boxes. Nest boxes with gray squirrel (S. carolinensis) fur, red fox urine, raccoon fur, and corn snake scent were selected as daytime roosting sites less than would be expected by chance. Southern flying squirrels are a major usurper of red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavities and may reduce reproduction in this endangered bird. Our results indicate that predator odor may be an effective means of deterring flying squirrels from roost sites. If so, predator scent application could be utilized to reduce negative impacts of flying squirrels on red-cockaded woodpeckers.

The ‘Rufus Tomb’ in Winchester Cathedral

One of Winchester Cathedral's most celebrated monuments, the so-called ‘Tomb of William Rufus’, has been officially re-attributed. It is now displayed to visitors as that of Bishop Henry of Blois (1129–71). The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the evidence which has led to the renaming of the monument. Information obtained when the tomb was last opened in 1868 is newly evaluated, leading to conclusions quite different from those of the nineteenth-century investigators, whose analysis of the evidence was coloured by their conviction that they had discovered the remains of the Red King. It is further suggested that William Rufus's bones are indeed located in the mortuary chests in Winchester Cathedral presbytery, as inscriptions on those chests maintain.

Out of the looking-glass

Now, Kitty, let's consider who it was that dreamed it all. This is a serious question . . . [I]t must have been either me or the Red King. He was part of my dream, of course — but then I was part of his dream . . . ‘International studies’ and ‘international relations’, in all their various -isms and neo-isms, are part of a collusive dream in which academics imagine that they are rationalizing the behaviour of those who imagine that they are doing what academics seem to be rationalizing.

The Red King's Rebellion: Racial Politics in New England, 1675-1678

The Red King's Rebellion, fought more than three hundred years ago between the Algonquian peoples and New England settlers, was in per-capita terms the bloodiest war in our nation's history. Before the conflict ended, over 9,000 people were dead (two-thirds of them Native Americans), and homelessness, starvation, and economic hardship plagued the descendents of both races for generations to come. In this fascinating book, Russell Bourne examines the epic struggle from both sides, seeking to explain how the biracial harmony that once reigned--when the Plymouth Colony's neighboring Wampanoags, under the stately Massasoit (King Philip's father), shared their corn with desperate settlers--could degenerate into such mistrust and hatred. More than just a war, Bourne shows how it was a simultaneous rebellion on many fronts against inequalities practiced by white settlers, and demonstrates how it constituted a massive and tragic breakdown of colonial civilization.Distrusting the accounts of early nationalists as propaganda, and drawing on the recent work of archaeologists, the expertise of local historical societies, and his own considerable knowledge of the New England countryside, Bourne brings this turbulent era to life. We are led along the old Indian trails that once criss-crossed New England, we visit the settlements of colonists and Native Americans alike, and we meet a fascinating cast of characters. These include the intrepid settler Benjamin Church (who first sought to dissuade colonial leaders from slaughter, then taught them how to fight woodland battles), the radical preacher and trader Roger Williams (who had learned the native language and tried for decades to keep the cultures together), and Metacomet himself--soon to be known as King Philip--whom we glimpse striding proudly through pre-war Boston wearing buckskins set thick with these beads [of wampum] in pleasant wild works and a broad belt of the same. Bourne weaves together character sketches, community descriptions, and, whenever possible, the words of both combatants and witnesses to fashion a gripping narrative account of a period that--in both its successes and failures--helped shape the nature of early America.The Red King's Rebellion helps us to understand not only the causes and effects of the war, but the importance and values of the men and women who tried to prevent it. And in an age when cultures continue to clash and quick, brutal actions still seem to offer easy solutions, it is a tale that demands renewed attention.